1 INTRODUCTION

This file describes the analysis of data from the GENERAL COMMUNITY dataset. This dataset also includes the Habitat-forming species. There are two other analysis files one for the Eco-friendly dataset and the other for NIS.

Here we read in the raw data that has been extracted from suitable studies (see the main body of the manuscript for the selection criteria). We then wrangle the data into a suitable format for constructing our models with Metafor (http://www.metafor-project.org/doku.php ).

In our manuscript we describe the results of models for the general community including measures of abundance (cover and density) and richness, separately. We also reported the results from a full model including all data and moderators. Additionally we separated abundance (cover and density) data for habitat forming species from the general community and ran out models on this data. The detailed code for those models is included here, along with additional exploratory analyses.

Our quality requirement for each moderator sub-level was that it needed to induce data from at least 3 experiments. All sub-levels with data from less than 3 experiments were dropped from that model. A unique reduced version of the dataset was created for each of the moderators that this applied to. When plotting our models, we prepared results that grouped moderator sub-levels in two ways, one with the first interaction term first and one with the the second interaction term first. The alternative groupings have the suffix "_metal" on their group name.

1.1 Setting up

#Ensuring starting with a clean environment
rm(list=ls())
#turn off sci notation: 
options (scipen = 999)

# ADDING OUTPUT DIRECTORY
# Will give warning if already exists
dir.create(file.path(getwd(), "outputs"))
dir.create(file.path(getwd(), "outputs/natural"))


#Installing packages and loading existing ones. 
# # If installations are necessary: 
# install.packages("devtools")
# install.packages("tidyverse")
# install.packages("metafor")
# install.packages("patchwork")
# install.packages("R.rsp")
# devtools::install_github("itchyshin/orchard_plot", subdir = "orchaRd", force = TRUE, build_vignettes = TRUE)
#install.packages("downloadthis")


#libraries
# check conflicts. 
library(rotl)
library(ape)
library(metafor)
library(orchaRd)
library(knitr)
library(broom)
library(clubSandwich)
library(multcomp)
library(kableExtra)
library(downloadthis)
library(tidyverse)  

1.2 Loading and checking data file

#import data
meta<-read.csv("./data/General_Community_dataset.csv",header=T,as.is=T)

#changing many columns to factors/numeric: 
meta <- meta %>% mutate_at (
  vars(
    Year,
    MeanTreatment,
    MeanControl,
    Control.Replicate,
    Treatment.Replicate,
    Replicates
    ),
  funs(as.numeric)
  ) %>%
  mutate_at(
    vars(
      Study,
      Parameter,
      Habitat.Forming...Y.N.,
      Function,
      Group,
      Category,
      Control,
      Treatment,
      Control_detail,
      Treatment_detail,
      Treatment_detail_MOD,   # adding in to check relative effects of different materials.
      Treatment_detail_MOD_2,
      Control_detail_MOD,
      Orientation.OF.SUBSTRATUM
      ),
    funs(as.factor)
    )

# Adding a control treatment pairing column (for use as an interaction term):
#concatenate columns Control and treatment _details:
meta <- meta %>%
  unite("C_T", c(Control,Treatment), sep = "_", remove = F)
meta$C_T <- as.factor(meta$C_T)

# Adding Treatment_Functional group pairing column for use as an interaction term):
# concatenate columns Treatment and Function:
meta <- meta %>%
  unite("F_T", c(Function,Treatment), sep = "_", remove = F)
meta$F_T <- as.factor(meta$F_T)

# Adding Functional Group_Natural (or control) pairing (for use as an interaction term):
meta <- meta %>%
  unite("F_C", c(Function,Control), sep = "_", remove = F)
meta$F_C <- as.factor(meta$F_C)

# #Checking the data:
# str(meta)
# colnames(meta)
# head(meta)


# showing data in .html version of doc
kable(meta, "html") %>%
  kable_styling("striped", position = "left") %>%
  scroll_box(width = "100%",
             height = "500px")
Study Year MeanControl SDControl MeanTreatment SDTreatment Control.Replicate Treatment.Replicate Replicates Parameter Function_simp F_T F_C Function Habitat.Forming…Y.N. Group Sub.Group Species Species_phylo Species_phylo_2 Life.history.stage Sizeofmanipulation Size.in.m2..of.quadrat.sample.area. Experiment Typeofmanipulation Orientation.OF.SUBSTRATUM Category Control_detail Control_detail_MOD C_T Control Treatment_detail Treatment_detail_MOD Treatment_detail_MOD_2 Treatment Tidalheight.Depth Zone Time..final.or.other. Duration..months. Latitude Longitude Location Sea Structure Exposure Notes Source NOTES
Ambrose 1994 1994 6.1000000 3.4600000 1.2000000 1.0000000 4 2 2 Cover Sessile Algae_Concrete Algae_Rock Algae Y Canopy_Algae Algae All Chlorophyta Chlorophyta Large Reef (>1m) NA Y Reef N/A RockvsConcrete Rock Rock_unclassified Rock_Concrete Rock Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete NA Subtidal Final 36.000000 33.36 -117.56 USA Atlantic Reef Open Not measured in this study (can check associated studies) Table
Reed 2005 2005 39.2308000 5.9337573 45.1049000 5.3403533 8 8 8 Richness Sessile Invert_Concrete Invert_Rock Invert N Invertebrates All 1500m2 80 Y Reef mixed ConcreteMedvsRock Rock Rock_unclassified Rock_Concrete Rock Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete n/a subtidal Final 60.000000 33.425076 -117.629032 USA North pacific Reef_med Exposed Experiment over 5 years in total 2000-2004, San Mateo (SM) and Barn (B) reefs used as natural reef controls FigIII.D.11
Ambrose 1994 1994 537.7000000 356.0000000 380.9000000 170.6955770 4 2 2 Density Fish Fish_Concrete Fish_Rock Fish N Fish All Large Reef (>1m) 1000 Y Reef N/A RockvsConcrete Rock Rock_unclassified Rock_Concrete Rock Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete NA Subtidal Final 36.000000 33.36 -117.56 USA Atlantic Reef Open Not measured in this study (can check associated studies) Table
Ambrose 1994 1994 43.7000000 21.4800000 6.9000000 8.9378297 4 2 2 Density Benthic Benthic_Concrete Benthic_Rock Benthic N Invertebrates All unsure All 1 Y Reef N/A RockvsConcrete Rock Rock_unclassified Rock_Concrete Rock Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete NA Subtidal Final 36.000000 33.36 -117.56 USA Atlantic Reef Open Not measured in this study (can check associated studies) Table
Ambrose 1994 1994 63.2000000 27.2000000 42.5000000 43.1335136 4 2 2 Cover Sessile Sessile_Concrete Sessile_Rock Sessile N Sessile All Large Reef (>1m) NA Y Reef N/A RockvsConcrete Rock Rock_unclassified Rock_Concrete Rock Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete NA Subtidal Final 36.000000 33.36 -117.56 USA Atlantic Reef Open Not measured in this study (can check associated studies) Table
Ambrose 1994 1994 1.0000000 1.2000000 0.0000000 0.0000000 4 2 2 Density Sessile Algae_Concrete Algae_Rock Algae N Understory kelp All unsure Large Reef (>1m) 100 Y Reef N/A RockvsConcrete Rock Rock_unclassified Rock_Concrete Rock Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete NA Subtidal Final 36.000000 33.36 -117.56 USA Atlantic Reef Open Not measured in this study (can check associated studies) Table
Anderson & Underwood 1994 1994 43.6800000 33.4300000 114.8960000 62.4180000 6 6 6 Density Sessile Invert_Concrete Invert_Wood Invert Y Barnacles Barnacles Hexaminus Austrominius Thoracica 10 x 10 cm 0.01 Y Tiles Downward facing plywoodvsconcrete plywood Wood_plywood Wood_Concrete Wood Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete low Intertidal Final 6.000000 -34.01666667 151.1833333 Australia Tasman Exp 2 - September deploy Sheltered NS Fig 2
Anderson & Underwood 1994 1994 43.6800000 33.4300000 20.4900000 12.8000000 6 6 6 Density Sessile Invert_Metal Invert_Wood Invert Y Barnacles Barnacles Hexaminus Austrominius Thoracica 10 x 10 cm 0.01 Y Tiles Downward facing plywoodvsaluminim plywood Wood_plywood Wood_Metal Wood Aluminium Metal_aluminium Metal_aluminium Metal low Intertidal Final 6.000000 -34.01666667 151.1833333 Australia Tasman Exp 2 - September deploy Sheltered S Fig 2
Anderson & Underwood 1994 1994 43.6800000 33.4300000 15.3600000 8.3500000 6 6 6 Density Sessile Invert_Polymer Invert_Wood Invert Y Barnacles Barnacles Hexaminus Austrominius Thoracica 10 x 10 cm 0.01 Y Tiles Downward facing plywoodvsconcrete plywood Wood_plywood Wood_Polymer Wood Fibreglass Polymer_fibreglass Polymer_fibreglass Polymer low Intertidal Final 6.000000 -34.01666667 151.1833333 Australia Tasman Exp 2 - September deploy Sheltered S Fig 2
Anderson & Underwood 1994 1994 1.9672100 0.5000000 6.3934400 0.5000000 6 6 6 Density Sessile Invert_Concrete Invert_Wood Invert Y Bivalves Bivalve Saccostrea Saccostrea Saccostrea 10 x 10 cm 0.01 Y Tiles Downward facing plywoodvsconcrete plywood Wood_plywood Wood_Concrete Wood Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete low Intertidal Final 1.000000 -34.01666667 151.1833333 Australia Tasman Exp 1-Jan deployment 1 Sheltered Significant - no repeated measures, there were enough replicates to remove separate replicates each month and then remainder stayed behind. Fig 1
Anderson & Underwood 1994 1994 1.9672100 0.5000000 0.0000000 0.5000000 6 6 6 Density Sessile Invert_Polymer Invert_Wood Invert Y Bivalves Bivalve Saccostrea Saccostrea Saccostrea 10 x 10 cm 0.01 Y Tiles Downward facing plywoodvsfiberglass plywood Wood_plywood Wood_Polymer Wood Fibreglass Polymer_fibreglass Polymer_fibreglass Polymer low Intertidal Final 1.000000 -34.01666667 151.1833333 Australia Tasman Exp 1-Jan deployment 1 Sheltered Significant Fig 1
Anderson & Underwood 1994 1994 1.9672100 0.5000000 0.0000000 0.5000000 6 6 6 Density Sessile Invert_Metal Invert_Wood Invert Y Bivalves Bivalve Saccostrea Saccostrea Saccostrea 10 x 10 cm 0.01 Y Tiles Downward facing plywoodvsaluminim plywood Wood_plywood Wood_Metal Wood Aluminium Metal_aluminium Metal_aluminium Metal low Intertidal Final 1.000000 -34.01666667 151.1833333 Australia Tasman Exp 1-Jan deployment 1 Sheltered Significant Fig 1
Anderson & Underwood 1994 1994 19.1803000 0.5000000 26.0656000 0.5000000 6 6 6 Density Sessile Invert_Concrete Invert_Wood Invert Y Bivalves Bivalve Saccostrea Saccostrea Saccostrea 10 x 10 cm 0.01 Y Tiles Downward facing plywoodvsconcrete plywood Wood_plywood Wood_Concrete Wood Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete low Intertidal Final 12.000000 -34.01666667 151.1833333 Australia Tasman Exp 1-Jan deployment 12 Sheltered Significant Fig 1
Anderson & Underwood 1994 1994 19.1803000 0.5000000 18.1967000 0.5000000 6 6 6 Density Sessile Invert_Metal Invert_Wood Invert Y Bivalves Bivalve Saccostrea Saccostrea Saccostrea 10 x 10 cm 0.01 Y Tiles Downward facing plywoodvsaluminim plywood Wood_plywood Wood_Metal Wood Aluminium Metal_aluminium Metal_aluminium Metal low Intertidal Final 12.000000 -34.01666667 151.1833333 Australia Tasman Exp 1-Jan deployment 12 Sheltered Not Significant Fig 1
Anderson & Underwood 1994 1994 19.1803000 0.5000000 13.2787000 13.2512496 6 6 6 Density Sessile Invert_Polymer Invert_Wood Invert Y Bivalves Bivalve Saccostrea Saccostrea Saccostrea 10 x 10 cm 0.01 Y Tiles Downward facing plywoodvsfiberglass plywood Wood_plywood Wood_Polymer Wood Fibreglass Polymer_fibreglass Polymer_fibreglass Polymer low Intertidal Final 12.000000 -34.01666667 151.1833333 Australia Tasman Exp 1-Jan deployment 12 Sheltered Not Significant Fig 1
Anderson & Underwood 1994 1994 23.6066000 7.8304063 79.6721000 12.0467130 6 6 6 Density Sessile Invert_Concrete Invert_Wood Invert Y Bivalves Bivalve Saccostrea Saccostrea Saccostrea 10 x 10 cm 0.01 Y Tiles Downward facing plywoodvsconcrete plywood Wood_plywood Wood_Concrete Wood Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete low Intertidal Final 2.000000 -34.01666667 151.1833333 Australia Tasman Exp 1-Jan deployment 2 Sheltered Significant Fig 1
Anderson & Underwood 1994 1994 23.6066000 7.8304063 33.9344000 8.4327359 6 6 6 Density Sessile Invert_Polymer Invert_Wood Invert Y Bivalves Bivalve Saccostrea Saccostrea Saccostrea 10 x 10 cm 0.01 Y Tiles Downward facing plywoodvsfiberglass plywood Wood_plywood Wood_Polymer Wood Fibreglass Polymer_fibreglass Polymer_fibreglass Polymer low Intertidal Final 2.000000 -34.01666667 151.1833333 Australia Tasman Exp 1-Jan deployment 2 Sheltered Significant Fig 1
Anderson & Underwood 1994 1994 23.6066000 7.8304063 11.3115000 2.9508250 6 6 6 Density Sessile Invert_Metal Invert_Wood Invert Y Bivalves Bivalve Saccostrea Saccostrea Saccostrea 10 x 10 cm 0.01 Y Tiles Downward facing plywoodvsaluminim plywood Wood_plywood Wood_Metal Wood Aluminium Metal_aluminium Metal_aluminium Metal low Intertidal Final 2.000000 -34.01666667 151.1833333 Australia Tasman Exp 1-Jan deployment 2 Sheltered Significant Fig 1
Anderson & Underwood 1994 1994 38.3607000 18.6723378 73.2787000 4.8186362 6 6 6 Density Sessile Invert_Concrete Invert_Wood Invert Y Bivalves Bivalve Saccostrea Saccostrea Saccostrea 10 x 10 cm 0.01 Y Tiles Downward facing plywoodvsconcrete plywood Wood_plywood Wood_Concrete Wood Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete low Intertidal Final 4.000000 -34.01666667 151.1833333 Australia Tasman Exp 1-Jan deployment 4 Sheltered Significant Fig 1
Anderson & Underwood 1994 1994 38.3607000 18.6723378 41.3115000 24.0933036 6 6 6 Density Sessile Invert_Polymer Invert_Wood Invert Y Bivalves Bivalve Saccostrea Saccostrea Saccostrea 10 x 10 cm 0.01 Y Tiles Downward facing plywoodvsfiberglass plywood Wood_plywood Wood_Polymer Wood Fibreglass Polymer_fibreglass Polymer_fibreglass Polymer low Intertidal Final 4.000000 -34.01666667 151.1833333 Australia Tasman Exp 1-Jan deployment 4 Sheltered Significant Fig 1
Anderson & Underwood 1994 1994 38.3607000 18.6723378 39.3443000 2.9508500 6 6 6 Density Sessile Invert_Metal Invert_Wood Invert Y Bivalves Bivalve Saccostrea Saccostrea Saccostrea 10 x 10 cm 0.01 Y Tiles Downward facing plywoodvsaluminim plywood Wood_plywood Wood_Metal Wood Aluminium Metal_aluminium Metal_aluminium Metal low Intertidal Final 4.000000 -34.01666667 151.1833333 Australia Tasman Exp 1-Jan deployment 4 Sheltered Significant Fig 1
Reed 2005 2005 43.0070000 2.9667372 42.7972000 3.5601412 8 8 8 Richness Sessile Invert_Concrete Invert_Rock Invert N Invertebrates All 1500m2 80 Y Reef mixed ConcreteHighvsRock Rock Rock_unclassified Rock_Concrete Rock Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete n/a subtidal Final 60.000000 33.425076 -117.629032 USA North pacific Reef_high Exposed Experiment over 5 years in total 2000-2004, San Mateo (SM) and Barn (B) reefs used as natural reef controls FigIII.D.11
Reed 2005 2005 33.1469000 10.0873025 37.0000000 4.1538281 8 8 8 Richness Sessile Invert_Concrete Invert_Rock Invert N Invertebrates All 1500m2 80 Y Reef mixed ConcreteLowvsRock Rock Rock_unclassified Rock_Concrete Rock Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete n/a subtidal Final 60.000000 33.425076 -117.629032 USA North pacific Reef_low Exposed Experiment over 5 years in total 2000-2004, San Mateo (SM) and Barn (B) reefs used as natural reef controls FigIII.D.11
Walker 2002 2002 26.0000000 2.0000000 23.0000000 2.0000000 4 4 4 Richness Fish Fish_Polymer Fish_Rock Fish N Fish All 25x1.2m diameter, 25x1.5m diameter 1.13112 x 25 and 1.7673 x 30 Y Reef RockvsTire Limestone Rock_limestone Rock_Polymer Rock Rubber Polymer_rubber Polymer_rubber Polymer NA subtidal Final 12.000000 25.77 -80.14 USA Atlantic Reef sheltered NS Text
Walker 2002 2002 26.0000000 2.0000000 22.0000000 2.0000000 4 4 4 Richness Fish Fish_Concrete Fish_Rock Fish N Fish All 25x1.2m diameter, 25x1.5m diameter 1.13112 x 25 and 1.7673 x 29 Y Reef RockvsConcrete Limestone Rock_limestone Rock_Concrete Rock Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete NA subtidal Final 12.000000 25.77 -80.14 USA Atlantic Reef sheltered NS Text
Chapman & Clynick 2006 2006 21.0000000 NA 22.0000000 NA 1 1 1 Richness Fish Fish_Metal Fish_Wood Fish N Fish all 1.5mx1.5mx0.8m NA Y Reef Mixed (vertical and horizontal) woodvsmetal Wood Wood_unclassified Wood_Metal Wood Metal Metal_unclassified Metal_unclassified Metal 6 m subtidal NA 7.000000 -33.85 151.54 Australia Sydney harbour Reef Sheltered Significant Figure6 Replicates - Fish are counted over the whole reef, no quadrats used.. All replicates for each substrate have been summed (not averaged), therefore the replicate for the mean and control in this case is 1. Size of sampled area in m2 - this is NA as the area above each reef was included too.
Chapman & Clynick 2006 2006 17.0000000 NA 22.0000000 NA 1 1 1 Richness Fish Fish_Metal Fish_Rock Fish N Fish all 1.5mx1.5mx0.8m NA Y Reef Mixed (vertical and horizontal) rockvstyre Rock Rock_unclassified Rock_Metal Rock Metal Metal_unclassified Metal_unclassified Metal 6 m subtidal NA 7.000000 -33.85 151.54 Australia Sydney harbour Reef Sheltered Significant Figure6 Replicates - Fish are counted over the whole reef, no quadrats used.. All replicates for each substrate have been summed (not averaged), therefore the replicate for the mean and control in this case is 1. Size of sampled area in m2 - this is NA as the area above each reef was included too.
Ambrose 1994 1994 16.8000000 6.6000000 21.5000000 0.7071068 4 2 2 Richness Fish Fish_Concrete Fish_Rock Fish N Fish All Large Reef (>1m) check Ambrose 1987 paper Y Reef N/A RockvsConcrete Rock Rock_unclassified Rock_Concrete Rock Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete NA Subtidal Final 36.000000 33.36 -117.56 USA Atlantic Reef Open Not measured in this study (can check associated studies) Table
Chapman & Clynick 2006 2006 21.0000000 NA 21.0000000 NA 1 1 1 Richness Fish Fish_Polymer Fish_Wood Fish N Fish all 1.5mx1.5mx0.8m NA Y Reef Mixed (vertical and horizontal) woodvstyre Wood Wood_unclassified Wood_Polymer Wood Rubber Polymer_rubber Polymer_rubber Polymer 6 m subtidal NA 7.000000 -33.85 151.54 Australia Sydney harbour Reef Sheltered Significant Figure6 Replicates - Fish are counted over the whole reef, no quadrats used.. All replicates for each substrate have been summed (not averaged), therefore the replicate for the mean and control in this case is 1. Size of sampled area in m2 - this is NA as the area above each reef was included too.
Chapman & Clynick 2006 2006 17.0000000 NA 21.0000000 NA 1 1 1 Richness Fish Fish_Polymer Fish_Rock Fish N Fish all 1.5mx1.5mx0.8m NA Y Reef Mixed (vertical and horizontal) rockvstyre Rock Rock_unclassified Rock_Polymer Rock Rubber Polymer_rubber Polymer_rubber Polymer 6 m subtidal NA 7.000000 -33.85 151.54 Australia Sydney harbour Reef Sheltered Significant Figure6 Replicates - Fish are counted over the whole reef, no quadrats used.. All replicates for each substrate have been summed (not averaged), therefore the replicate for the mean and control in this case is 1. Size of sampled area in m2 - this is NA as the area above each reef was included too.
Ushiama2016 2016 18.7393000 1.1290000 19.7483000 0.6448000 8 8 8 Richness Sessile Sessile_Polymer Sessile_Wood Sessile No All 11x11cm 0.0121 Y Tile mixed WoodvsPerspex Turpentine Tree Wood_unclassified Wood_Polymer Wood Perspex Polymer_mix Polymer_mix Polymer NA subtidal Final 3.000000 -33.83 151.29 Australia East Reef exposed Significant Figure 3
Ushiama2016 2016 18.3250000 3.1280000 19.7483000 0.6448000 8 8 8 Richness Sessile Sessile_Polymer Sessile_Rock Sessile No All 11x11cm 0.0121 Y Tile mixed RockvsPerspex Sandstone Rock_sandstone Rock_Polymer Rock Perspex Polymer_mix Polymer_mix Polymer NA subtidal Final 3.000000 -33.83 151.29 Australia East Reef exposed Significant Figure 3
Vaz-pinto et al 2013 2013 17.3420200 5.5786585 17.9015000 4.8023534 12 12 12 Richness Benthic Benthic_Concrete Benthic_Rock Benthic N Invertebrates (and algae) All 7x7cm 0.0049 Y Tile ConcretevsBassalt Basalt Rock_basalt Rock_Concrete Rock Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete 1m subtidal Final 12.000000 37.7804 25.497 Sao Miguel, Azores Mid-Atlantic Marinas_winter deploy_12 Sheltered Significant Figure2a/b- Winter deployment Added native and non-native species together
Anderson & Underwood 1994 1994 1923.3200000 570.8000000 1826.0000000 246.7400000 6 6 6 Density Sessile Invert_Concrete Invert_Wood Invert Y Tube_forming Tube-forming Spirorbids Spirorbides Serpulidae 10 x 10 cm 0.01 Y Tiles Downward facing plywoodvsconcrete plywood Wood_plywood Wood_Concrete Wood Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete low Intertidal Final 5.000000 -34.01666667 151.1833333 Australia Tasman Exp 3 - May deploy Sheltered NS Fig 2
Anderson & Underwood 1994 1994 1923.3200000 570.8000000 250.5880000 115.9240000 6 6 6 Density Sessile Invert_Metal Invert_Wood Invert Y Tube_forming Tube-forming Spirorbids Spirorbides Serpulidae 10 x 10 cm 0.01 Y Tiles Downward facing plywoodvsaluminim plywood Wood_plywood Wood_Metal Wood Aluminium Metal_aluminium Metal_aluminium Metal low Intertidal Final 5.000000 -34.01666667 151.1833333 Australia Tasman Exp 3 - May deploy Sheltered S Fig 2
Anderson & Underwood 1994 1994 1923.3200000 570.8000000 215.1920000 84.9380000 6 6 6 Density Sessile Invert_Polymer Invert_Wood Invert Y Tube_forming Tube-forming Spirorbids Spirorbides Serpulidae 10 x 10 cm 0.01 Y Tiles Downward facing plywoodvsconcrete plywood Wood_plywood Wood_Polymer Wood Fibreglass Polymer_fibreglass Polymer_fibreglass Polymer low Intertidal Final 5.000000 -34.01666667 151.1833333 Australia Tasman Exp 3 - May deploy Sheltered S Fig 2
Anderson 1996 1996 15.0299000 4.0336000 101.8960000 13.1080000 4 4 4 Density Sessile Invert_Concrete Invert_Rock Invert Y Bivalves Bivalve Saccostrea commercialis Saccostrea glomerata Saccostrea 10cmx10cm 0.01 Y Tiles Downward facing ConcretevsSStoneSite1NoBio Rock (sandstone) Rock_sandstone Rock_Concrete Rock Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete mid tidal level Intertidal Final 12.000000 -32.719802 152.101625 Australia Tasman Oyster trestles Sheltered S Fig3, Table 2 (s) Concrete is actual concrete (rather than the E3 - epoxy concrete lookalike) and sandstone is actual sandstone
Anderson 1996 1996 19.4118000 11.0924000 119.2440000 22.1840000 4 4 4 Density Sessile Invert_Concrete Invert_Rock Invert Y Bivalves Bivalve Saccostrea commercialis Saccostrea glomerata Saccostrea 10cmx10cm 0.01 Y Tiles Downward facing ConcretevsSStoneSite2NoBio Rock (sandstone) Rock_sandstone Rock_Concrete Rock Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete mid tidal level Intertidal Final 12.000000 -32.719802 152.101625 Australia Tasman Oyster trestles Sheltered S Fig3, Table 2 (s) Concrete is actual concrete (rather than the E3 - epoxy concrete lookalike) and sandstone is actual sandstone
Blakeway et al 2013 2013 7.9913300 7.5665000 4.4508700 4.8352700 54 54 54 Density Sessile Invert_Concrete Invert_Rock Invert Y Corals Corals ALL Anthozoa Anthozoa 0.6 ha reef 0.0625 Y Reef horizontal and vertical rockvsconcrete Rock Rock_unclassified Rock_Concrete Rock Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete 6.5m subtidal NA 12.000000 -23.3837 116.4431 Dampier, Western Australia Indian Ocean Reef Exposed Significant Figure 8 Quadrats only, no settlement plates. 3 replicates of each substrate at each subsite.. 6 quadrats per subsite substrate - (3 horiz and 3 vert): 3 sites x 3 substrate reps x 6 quadrats = 54 quadrat replicates per substrate type. SD estimates looked wrong - I think the previous replicate estimate could have been wrong and not updated.. have changed, using n of 54 (SE*sqrt(54))
Blakeway et al 2013 2013 7.9913300 6.6560600 2.1242800 2.5000000 54 54 54 Density Sessile Invert_Concrete Invert_Rock Invert Y Corals Corals ALL Anthozoa Anthozoa 0.6 ha reef 0.0625 Y Reef horizontal and vertical rockvsconcrete Rock Rock_unclassified Rock_Concrete Rock Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete 6.5m subtidal NA 6.000000 -23.3837 116.4431 Dampier, Western Australia Indian Ocean Reef Exposed Significant Figure 8 Quadrats only, no settlement plates. 3 replicates of each substrate at each subsite.. 6 quadrats per subsite substrate - (3 horiz and 3 vert): 3 sites x 3 substrate reps x 6 quadrats = 54 quadrat replicates per substrate type. SD estimates looked wrong - I think the previous replicate estimate could have been wrong and not updated.. have changed, using n of 54 (SE*sqrt(54))
Blakeway et al 2013 2013 9.1040500 9.3876500 3.8439300 3.0144800 54 54 54 Density Sessile Invert_Concrete Invert_Rock Invert Y Corals Corals ALL Anthozoa Anthozoa 0.6 ha reef 0.0625 Y Reef horizontal and vertical rockvsconcrete Rock Rock_unclassified Rock_Concrete Rock Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete 6.5m subtidal NA 18.000000 -23.3837 116.4431 Dampier, Western Australia Indian Ocean Reef Exposed Significant Figure 8 Quadrats only, no settlement plates. 3 replicates of each substrate at each subsite.. 6 quadrats per subsite substrate - (3 horiz and 3 vert): 3 sites x 3 substrate reps x 6 quadrats = 54 quadrat replicates per substrate type. SD estimates looked wrong - I think the previous replicate estimate could have been wrong and not updated.. have changed, using n of 54 (SE*sqrt(54))
Blakeway et al 2013 2013 12.4422000 7.5665000 20.1301000 15.7601000 54 54 54 Density Sessile Invert_Concrete Invert_Rock Invert Y Corals Corals ALL Anthozoa Anthozoa 0.6 ha reef 0.0625 Y Reef horizontal and vertical rockvsconcrete Rock Rock_unclassified Rock_Concrete Rock Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete 6.5m subtidal NA 48.000000 -23.3837 116.4431 Dampier, Western Australia Indian Ocean Reef Exposed Significant Figure 8 Quadrats only, no settlement plates. 3 replicates of each substrate at each subsite.. 6 quadrats per subsite substrate - (3 horiz and 3 vert): 3 sites x 3 substrate reps x 6 quadrats = 54 quadrat replicates per substrate type. SD estimates looked wrong - I think the previous replicate estimate could have been wrong and not updated.. have changed, using n of 54 (SE*sqrt(54))
Blakeway et al 2013 2013 13.3526000 7.5665000 19.8266000 16.6700000 54 54 54 Density Sessile Invert_Concrete Invert_Rock Invert Y Corals Corals ALL Anthozoa Anthozoa 0.6 ha reef 0.0625 Y Reef horizontal and vertical rockvsconcrete Rock Rock_unclassified Rock_Concrete Rock Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete 6.5m subtidal NA 60.000000 -23.3837 116.4431 Dampier, Western Australia Indian Ocean Reef Exposed Significant Figure 8 Quadrats only, no settlement plates. 3 replicates of each substrate at each subsite.. 6 quadrats per subsite substrate - (3 horiz and 3 vert): 3 sites x 3 substrate reps x 6 quadrats = 54 quadrat replicates per substrate type. SD estimates looked wrong - I think the previous replicate estimate could have been wrong and not updated.. have changed, using n of 54 (SE*sqrt(54))
Blakeway et al 2013 2013 16.2861000 15.7601000 10.0145000 13.0286000 54 54 54 Density Sessile Invert_Concrete Invert_Rock Invert Y Corals Corals ALL Anthozoa Anthozoa 0.6 ha reef 0.0625 Y Reef horizontal and vertical rockvsconcrete Rock Rock_unclassified Rock_Concrete Rock Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete 6.5m subtidal NA 30.000000 -23.3837 116.4431 Dampier, Western Australia Indian Ocean Reef Exposed Significant Figure 8 Quadrats only, no settlement plates. 3 replicates of each substrate at each subsite.. 6 quadrats per subsite substrate - (3 horiz and 3 vert): 3 sites x 3 substrate reps x 6 quadrats = 54 quadrat replicates per substrate type. SD estimates looked wrong - I think the previous replicate estimate could have been wrong and not updated.. have changed, using n of 54 (SE*sqrt(54))
Blakeway et al 2013 2013 18.4104000 2.1044000 22.7601000 23.9537000 54 54 54 Density Sessile Invert_Concrete Invert_Rock Invert Y Corals Corals ALL Anthozoa Anthozoa 0.6 ha reef 0.0625 Y Reef horizontal and vertical rockvsconcrete Rock Rock_unclassified Rock_Concrete Rock Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete 6.5m subtidal NA 42.000000 -23.3837 116.4431 Dampier, Western Australia Indian Ocean Reef Exposed Significant Figure 8 Quadrats only, no settlement plates. 3 replicates of each substrate at each subsite.. 6 quadrats per subsite substrate - (3 horiz and 3 vert): 3 sites x 3 substrate reps x 6 quadrats = 54 quadrat replicates per substrate type. SD estimates looked wrong - I think the previous replicate estimate could have been wrong and not updated.. have changed, using n of 54 (SE*sqrt(54))
Blakeway et al 2013 2013 19.9277000 13.0295000 16.8931000 15.7601000 54 54 54 Density Sessile Invert_Concrete Invert_Rock Invert Y Corals Corals ALL Anthozoa Anthozoa 0.6 ha reef 0.0625 Y Reef horizontal and vertical rockvsconcrete Rock Rock_unclassified Rock_Concrete Rock Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete 6.5m subtidal NA 66.000000 -23.3837 116.4431 Dampier, Western Australia Indian Ocean Reef Exposed Significant Figure 8 Quadrats only, no settlement plates. 3 replicates of each substrate at each subsite.. 6 quadrats per subsite substrate - (3 horiz and 3 vert): 3 sites x 3 substrate reps x 6 quadrats = 54 quadrat replicates per substrate type. SD estimates looked wrong - I think the previous replicate estimate could have been wrong and not updated.. have changed, using n of 54 (SE*sqrt(54))
Blakeway et al 2013 2013 21.5462000 14.8502000 29.0318000 28.5059000 54 54 54 Density Sessile Invert_Concrete Invert_Rock Invert Y Corals Corals ALL Anthozoa Anthozoa 0.6 ha reef 0.0625 Y Reef horizontal and vertical rockvsconcrete Rock Rock_unclassified Rock_Concrete Rock Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete 6.5m subtidal Final 72.000000 -23.3837 116.4431 Dampier, Western Australia Indian Ocean Reef Exposed Significant Figure 8 Quadrats only, no settlement plates. 3 replicates of each substrate at each subsite.. 6 quadrats per subsite substrate - (3 horiz and 3 vert): 3 sites x 3 substrate reps x 6 quadrats = 54 quadrat replicates per substrate type. SD estimates looked wrong - I think the previous replicate estimate could have been wrong and not updated.. have changed, using n of 54 (SE*sqrt(54))
Blakeway et al 2013 2013 22.2543000 23.9537000 14.5665000 22.1330000 54 54 54 Density Sessile Invert_Concrete Invert_Rock Invert Y Corals Corals ALL Anthozoa Anthozoa 0.6 ha reef 0.0625 Y Reef horizontal and vertical rockvsconcrete Rock Rock_unclassified Rock_Concrete Rock Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete 6.5m subtidal NA 36.000000 -23.3837 116.4431 Dampier, Western Australia Indian Ocean Reef Exposed Significant Figure 8 Quadrats only, no settlement plates. 3 replicates of each substrate at each subsite.. 6 quadrats per subsite substrate - (3 horiz and 3 vert): 3 sites x 3 substrate reps x 6 quadrats = 54 quadrat replicates per substrate type. SD estimates looked wrong - I think the previous replicate estimate could have been wrong and not updated.. have changed, using n of 54 (SE*sqrt(54))
Burt et al. 2009 2009 2.6270200 3.4295300 3.2364400 3.9872300 5 5 5 Density Sessile Invert_Concrete Invert_Rock Invert Y Corals Corals ALL Anthozoa Anthozoa 10 x 10 cm 0.01 Y Tiles Mixed sandstonevsconcrete_DDD Sandstone Rock_sandstone Rock_Concrete Rock Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete 4m subtidal Final 12.000000 25.258113 55.264398 Dubai Persian Gulf Breakwater_DDD Exposed Not Significant Figure 2
Burt et al. 2009 2009 4.7996300 5.8223800 3.2364400 3.9872300 5 5 5 Density Sessile Invert_Concrete Invert_Rock Invert Y Corals Corals ALL Anthozoa Anthozoa 10 x 10 cm 0.01 Y Tiles Mixed granitevsconcrete_DDD Granite Rock_granite Rock_Concrete Rock Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete 4m subtidal Final 12.000000 25.258113 55.264398 Dubai Persian Gulf Breakwater_DDD Exposed Not Significant Figure 2
Burt et al. 2009 2009 6.9547600 8.2753300 3.2364400 3.9872300 5 5 5 Density Sessile Invert_Concrete Invert_Rock Invert Y Corals Corals ALL Anthozoa Anthozoa 10 x 10 cm 0.01 Y Tiles Mixed gabbrovsconcrete_DDD Gabbro Rock_gabbro Rock_Concrete Rock Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete 4m subtidal Final 12.000000 25.258113 55.264398 Dubai Persian Gulf Breakwater_DDD Exposed Not Significant Figure 2
Burt et al. 2009 2009 2.6270200 3.4295300 6.2901000 7.7492900 5 5 5 Density Sessile Invert_Clay Invert_Rock Invert Y Corals Corals ALL Anthozoa Anthozoa 10 x 10 cm 0.01 Y Tiles Mixed sandstonevsterracotta Sandstone Rock_sandstone Rock_Clay Rock Terracotta Clay Clay_unglazed Clay 4m subtidal Final 12.000000 25.258113 55.264398 Dubai Persian Gulf Breakwater_DDD Exposed Not Significant Figure 2
Burt et al. 2009 2009 2.6270200 3.4295300 6.2901000 7.7492900 5 5 5 Density Sessile Invert_Clay Invert_Rock Invert Y Corals Corals ALL Anthozoa Anthozoa 10 x 10 cm 0.01 Y Tiles Mixed granitevsterracotta Granite Rock_granite Rock_Clay Rock Terracotta Clay Clay_unglazed Clay 4m subtidal Final 12.000000 25.258113 55.264398 Dubai Persian Gulf Breakwater_DDD Exposed Not Significant Figure 2
Burt et al. 2009 2009 6.9547600 8.2753300 6.2901000 7.7492900 5 5 5 Density Sessile Invert_Clay Invert_Rock Invert Y Corals Corals ALL Anthozoa Anthozoa 10 x 10 cm 0.01 Y Tiles Mixed gabbrovsterracotta Gabbro Rock_gabbro Rock_Clay Rock Terracotta Clay Clay_unglazed Clay 4m subtidal Final 12.000000 25.258113 55.264398 Dubai Persian Gulf Breakwater_DDD Exposed Not Significant Figure 2
Burt et al. 2009 2009 0.0850218 0.1477280 0.0439155 0.0900944 5 5 5 Density Sessile Invert_Concrete Invert_Rock Invert Y Corals Corals ALL Anthozoa Anthozoa 10 x 10 cm 0.01 Y Tiles Mixed sandstonevsconcrete_PRT Sandstone Rock_sandstone Rock_Concrete Rock Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete 4m subtidal Final 12.000000 25.018135 55.031183 Dubai Persian Gulf Breakwater_PRT Exposed Not Significant Figure 2
Burt et al. 2009 2009 0.2059480 0.3030700 0.0439155 0.0900944 5 5 5 Density Sessile Invert_Concrete Invert_Rock Invert Y Corals Corals ALL Anthozoa Anthozoa 10 x 10 cm 0.01 Y Tiles Mixed gabbrovsconcrete_PRT Gabbro Rock_gabbro Rock_Concrete Rock Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete 4m subtidal Final 12.000000 25.018135 55.031183 Dubai Persian Gulf Breakwater_PRT Exposed Not Significant Figure 2
Burt et al. 2009 2009 0.2479110 0.3509960 0.0439155 0.0900944 5 5 5 Density Sessile Invert_Concrete Invert_Rock Invert Y Corals Corals ALL Anthozoa Anthozoa 10 x 10 cm 0.01 Y Tiles Mixed granitevsconcrete_PRT Granite Rock_granite Rock_Concrete Rock Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete 4m subtidal Final 12.000000 25.018135 55.031183 Dubai Persian Gulf Breakwater_PRT Exposed Not Significant Figure 2
Burt et al. 2009 2009 0.0850218 0.1477280 0.0876906 0.1805970 5 5 5 Density Sessile Invert_Clay Invert_Rock Invert Y Corals Corals ALL Anthozoa Anthozoa 10 x 10 cm 0.01 Y Tiles Mixed sandstonevsterracotta Sandstone Rock_sandstone Rock_Clay Rock Terracotta Clay Clay_unglazed Clay 4m subtidal Final 12.000000 25.018135 55.031183 Dubai Persian Gulf Breakwater_PRT Exposed Not Significant Figure 2
Burt et al. 2009 2009 0.2479110 0.3509960 0.0876906 0.1805970 5 5 5 Density Sessile Invert_Clay Invert_Rock Invert Y Corals Corals ALL Anthozoa Anthozoa 10 x 10 cm 0.01 Y Tiles Mixed granitevsterracotta Granite Rock_granite Rock_Clay Rock Terracotta Clay Clay_unglazed Clay 4m subtidal Final 12.000000 25.018135 55.031183 Dubai Persian Gulf Breakwater_PRT Exposed Not Significant Figure 2
Burt et al. 2009 2009 0.2059480 0.3030700 0.0876906 0.1805970 5 5 5 Density Sessile Invert_Clay Invert_Rock Invert Y Corals Corals ALL Anthozoa Anthozoa 10 x 10 cm 0.01 Y Tiles Mixed gabbrovsterracotta Gabbro Rock_gabbro Rock_Clay Rock Terracotta Clay Clay_unglazed Clay 4m subtidal Final 12.000000 25.018135 55.031183 Dubai Persian Gulf Breakwater_PRT Exposed Not Significant Figure 2
Burt et al. 2009 2009 0.0389587 0.0783963 0.2020080 0.3054210 5 5 5 Density Sessile Invert_Concrete Invert_Rock Invert Y Corals Corals ALL Anthozoa Anthozoa 10 x 10 cm 0.01 Y Tiles Mixed sandstonevsconcrete_NR1 Sandstone Rock_sandstone Rock_Concrete Rock Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete 4m subtidal Final 12.000000 24.974592 54.965726 Dubai Persian Gulf Natural reefs_1 Exposed Not Significant Figure 2
Burt et al. 2009 2009 0.3496420 0.5125440 0.2020080 0.3054210 5 5 5 Density Sessile Invert_Concrete Invert_Rock Invert Y Corals Corals ALL Anthozoa Anthozoa 10 x 10 cm 0.01 Y Tiles Mixed granitevsconcrete_NR1 Granite Rock_granite Rock_Concrete Rock Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete 4m subtidal Final 12.000000 24.974592 54.965726 Dubai Persian Gulf Natural reefs_1 Exposed Not Significant Figure 2
Burt et al. 2009 2009 0.4065000 0.5494560 0.2020080 0.3054210 5 5 5 Density Sessile Invert_Concrete Invert_Rock Invert Y Corals Corals ALL Anthozoa Anthozoa 10 x 10 cm 0.01 Y Tiles Mixed gabbrovsconcrete_NR1 Gabbro Rock_gabbro Rock_Concrete Rock Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete 4m subtidal Final 12.000000 24.974592 54.965726 Dubai Persian Gulf Natural reefs_1 Exposed Not Significant Figure 2
Burt et al. 2009 2009 0.0389587 0.0783963 0.2303650 0.3274170 5 5 5 Density Sessile Invert_Clay Invert_Rock Invert Y Corals Corals ALL Anthozoa Anthozoa 10 x 10 cm 0.01 Y Tiles Mixed sandstonevsterracotta Sandstone Rock_sandstone Rock_Clay Rock Terracotta Clay Clay_unglazed Clay 4m subtidal Final 12.000000 24.974592 54.965726 Dubai Persian Gulf Natural reefs_1 Exposed Not Significant Figure 2
Burt et al. 2009 2009 0.3496420 0.5125440 0.2303650 0.3274170 5 5 5 Density Sessile Invert_Clay Invert_Rock Invert Y Corals Corals ALL Anthozoa Anthozoa 10 x 10 cm 0.01 Y Tiles Mixed granitevsterracotta Granite Rock_granite Rock_Clay Rock Terracotta Clay Clay_unglazed Clay 4m subtidal Final 12.000000 24.974592 54.965726 Dubai Persian Gulf Natural reefs_1 Exposed Not Significant Figure 2
Burt et al. 2009 2009 0.4065000 0.5494560 0.2303650 0.3274170 5 5 5 Density Sessile Invert_Clay Invert_Rock Invert Y Corals Corals ALL Anthozoa Anthozoa 10 x 10 cm 0.01 Y Tiles Mixed gabbrovsterracotta Gabbro Rock_gabbro Rock_Clay Rock Terracotta Clay Clay_unglazed Clay 4m subtidal Final 12.000000 24.974592 54.965726 Dubai Persian Gulf Natural reefs_1 Exposed Not Significant Figure 2
Burt et al. 2009 2009 0.0451193 0.0904432 0.0805453 0.1367430 5 5 5 Density Sessile Invert_Concrete Invert_Rock Invert Y Corals Corals ALL Anthozoa Anthozoa 10 x 10 cm 0.01 Y Tiles Mixed sandstonevsconcrete_NR2 Sandstone Rock_sandstone Rock_Concrete Rock Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete 4m subtidal Final 12.000000 24.936369 54.911106 Dubai Persian Gulf Natural reefs_2 Exposed Not Significant Figure 2
Burt et al. 2009 2009 0.0468966 0.0936433 0.0805453 0.1367430 5 5 5 Density Sessile Invert_Concrete Invert_Rock Invert Y Corals Corals ALL Anthozoa Anthozoa 10 x 10 cm 0.01 Y Tiles Mixed granitevsconcrete_NR2 Granite Rock_granite Rock_Concrete Rock Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete 4m subtidal Final 12.000000 24.936369 54.911106 Dubai Persian Gulf Natural reefs_2 Exposed Not Significant Figure 2
Burt et al. 2009 2009 0.1684650 0.2394390 0.0805453 0.1367430 5 5 5 Density Sessile Invert_Concrete Invert_Rock Invert Y Corals Corals ALL Anthozoa Anthozoa 10 x 10 cm 0.01 Y Tiles Mixed gabbrovsconcrete_NR2 Gabbro Rock_gabbro Rock_Concrete Rock Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete 4m subtidal Final 12.000000 24.936369 54.911106 Dubai Persian Gulf Natural reefs_2 Exposed Not Significant Figure 2
Burt et al. 2009 2009 0.0451193 0.0904432 0.0932822 0.1565420 5 5 5 Density Sessile Invert_Clay Invert_Rock Invert Y Corals Corals ALL Anthozoa Anthozoa 10 x 10 cm 0.01 Y Tiles Mixed sandstonevsterracotta Sandstone Rock_sandstone Rock_Clay Rock Terracotta Clay Clay_unglazed Clay 4m subtidal Final 12.000000 24.936369 54.911106 Dubai Persian Gulf Natural reefs_2 Exposed Not Significant Figure 2
Burt et al. 2009 2009 0.0468966 0.0936433 0.0932822 0.1565420 5 5 5 Density Sessile Invert_Clay Invert_Rock Invert Y Corals Corals ALL Anthozoa Anthozoa 10 x 10 cm 0.01 Y Tiles Mixed granitevsterracotta Granite Rock_granite Rock_Clay Rock Terracotta Clay Clay_unglazed Clay 4m subtidal Final 12.000000 24.936369 54.911106 Dubai Persian Gulf Natural reefs_2 Exposed Not Significant Figure 2
Burt et al. 2009 2009 0.1684650 0.2394390 0.0932822 0.1565420 5 5 5 Density Sessile Invert_Clay Invert_Rock Invert Y Corals Corals ALL Anthozoa Anthozoa 10 x 10 cm 0.01 Y Tiles Mixed gabbrovsterracotta Gabbro Rock_gabbro Rock_Clay Rock Terracotta Clay Clay_unglazed Clay 4m subtidal Final 12.000000 24.936369 54.911106 Dubai Persian Gulf Natural reefs_2 Exposed Not Significant Figure 2
Burt et al. 2009 2009 65.4000000 38.0131556 79.2000000 8.8543774 20 20 20 Cover Sessile Sessile_Concrete Sessile_Rock Sessile N Sessile All 10 x 10 cm 0.01 Y Tiles Mixed (parallel to substrate) sandstonevsconcrete Sandstone Rock_sandstone Rock_Concrete Rock Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete 4m subtidal Final 12.000000 24.974592 54.965726 Dubai Persian Gulf Natural and breakwater mixed Exposed Not Significant Text
Burt et al. 2009 2009 80.2000000 25.4911749 79.2000000 8.8543774 20 20 20 Cover Sessile Sessile_Concrete Sessile_Rock Sessile N Sessile All 10 x 10 cm 0.01 Y Tiles Mixed (parallel to substrate) gabbrovsconcrete Gabbro Rock_gabbro Rock_Concrete Rock Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete 4m subtidal Final 12.000000 24.974592 54.965726 Dubai Persian Gulf Natural and breakwater mixed Exposed Not Significant Text
Burt et al. 2009 2009 85.3000000 29.0688837 79.2000000 8.8543774 20 20 20 Cover Sessile Sessile_Concrete Sessile_Rock Sessile N Sessile All 10 x 10 cm 0.01 Y Tiles Mixed (parallel to substrate) granitevsconcrete Granite Rock_granite Rock_Concrete Rock Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete 4m subtidal Final 12.000000 24.974592 54.965726 Dubai Persian Gulf Natural and breakwater mixed Exposed Not Significant Text
Burt et al. 2009 2009 65.4000000 38.0131556 74.5000000 28.1744565 20 20 20 Cover Sessile Sessile_Clay Sessile_Rock Sessile N Sessile All 10 x 10 cm 0.01 Y Tiles Mixed (parallel to substrate) sandstonevsterracotta Sandstone Rock_sandstone Rock_Clay Rock Terracotta Clay Clay_unglazed Clay 4m subtidal Final 12.000000 24.974592 54.965726 Dubai Persian Gulf Natural and breakwater mixed Exposed Not Significant Text
Burt et al. 2009 2009 85.3000000 29.0688837 74.5000000 28.1744565 20 20 20 Cover Sessile Sessile_Clay Sessile_Rock Sessile N Sessile All 10 x 10 cm 0.01 Y Tiles Mixed (parallel to substrate) granitevsterracotta Granite Rock_granite Rock_Clay Rock Terracotta Clay Clay_unglazed Clay 4m subtidal Final 12.000000 24.974592 54.965726 Dubai Persian Gulf Natural and breakwater mixed Exposed Not Significant Text
Burt et al. 2009 2009 80.2000000 25.4911749 74.5000000 28.1744565 20 20 20 Cover Sessile Sessile_Clay Sessile_Rock Sessile N Sessile All 10 x 10 cm 0.01 Y Tiles Mixed (parallel to substrate) gabbrovsterracotta Gabbro Rock_gabbro Rock_Clay Rock Terracotta Clay Clay_unglazed Clay 4m subtidal Final 12.000000 24.974592 54.965726 Dubai Persian Gulf Natural and breakwater mixed Exposed Not Significant Text
Chapman & Clynick 2006 2006 15.0000000 NA 16.0000000 NA 60 60 60 Richness Sessile Algae_Metal Algae_Wood Algae N Algae ALL NA NA Y Reef Mixed (vertical and horizontal) woodvsmetal Wood Wood_unclassified Wood_Metal Wood Metal Metal_unclassified Metal_unclassified Metal 6 m subtidal Final 19.000000 -33.85 151.54 Australia Sydney harbour Reef Sheltered Not Significant Table1
Chapman & Clynick 2006 2006 14.0000000 NA 16.0000000 NA 1 1 1 Richness Fish Fish_Metal Fish_Rock Fish N Fish all 1.5mx1.5mx0.8m NA Y Reef Mixed (vertical and horizontal) rockvstyre Rock Rock_unclassified Rock_Metal Rock Metal Metal_unclassified Metal_unclassified Metal 6 m subtidal Final 19.000000 -33.85 151.54 Australia Sydney harbour Reef Sheltered NS Figure6 Replicates - Fish are counted over the whole reef, no quadrats used.. All replicates for each substrate have been summed (not averaged), therefore the replicate for the mean and control in this case is 1. Size of sampled area in m2 - this is NA as the area above each reef was included too.
Chapman & Clynick 2006 2006 13.0000000 NA 16.0000000 NA 60 60 60 Richness Sessile Algae_Metal Algae_Rock Algae N Algae ALL NA NA Y Reef Mixed (vertical and horizontal) rockvsmetal Rock Rock_unclassified Rock_Metal Rock Metal Metal_unclassified Metal_unclassified Metal 6 m subtidal Final 19.000000 -33.85 151.54 Australia Sydney harbour Reef Sheltered Not Significant Table1
Chapman & Clynick 2006 2006 11.0000000 NA 16.0000000 NA 1 1 1 Richness Fish Fish_Metal Fish_Wood Fish N Fish all 1.5mx1.5mx0.8m NA Y Reef Mixed (vertical and horizontal) woodvsmetal Wood Wood_unclassified Wood_Metal Wood Metal Metal_unclassified Metal_unclassified Metal 6 m subtidal Final 19.000000 -33.85 151.54 Australia Sydney harbour Reef Sheltered NS Figure6 Replicates - Fish are counted over the whole reef, no quadrats used.. All replicates for each substrate have been summed (not averaged), therefore the replicate for the mean and control in this case is 1. Size of sampled area in m2 - this is NA as the area above each reef was included too.
Chapman & Clynick 2006 2006 24.3070000 64.0547801 29.8507000 31.0159355 60 60 60 Cover Sessile Algae_Polymer Algae_Rock Algae N Algae all 1.5mx1.5mx0.8m 2.25 Y Reef Mixed (vertical and horizontal) bouldervstyre Sandstone Rock_sandstone Rock_Polymer Rock Rubber Polymer_rubber Polymer_rubber Polymer 6 m subtidal NA 4.000000 -33.85 151.54 Australia Sydney harbour Reef Sheltered Not Significant Fig 2 b
Chapman & Clynick 2006 2006 24.3070000 64.0547801 20.6823000 36.4101487 60 60 60 Cover Sessile Algae_Metal Algae_Rock Algae N Algae all 1.5mx1.5mx0.8m 2.25 Y Reef Mixed (vertical and horizontal) bouldervsmetal Sandstone Rock_sandstone Rock_Metal Rock Metal Metal_unclassified Metal_unclassified Metal 6 m subtidal NA 4.000000 -33.85 151.54 Australia Sydney harbour Reef Sheltered Not Significant Fig 2 b
Chapman & Clynick 2006 2006 24.9467000 37.0843463 29.8507000 31.0159355 60 60 60 Cover Sessile Algae_Polymer Algae_Wood Algae N Algae all 1.5mx1.5mx0.8m 1.1304 Y Reef Mixed (vertical and horizontal) woodvstyre Wood Wood_unclassified Wood_Polymer Wood Rubber Polymer_rubber Polymer_rubber Polymer 6 m subtidal NA 4.000000 -33.85 151.54 Australia Sydney harbour Reef Sheltered Not Significant Fig 2 b 4.5 - 6m on sandy bottom 100m offshore
Chapman & Clynick 2006 2006 24.9467000 37.0843463 20.6823000 36.4101487 60 60 60 Cover Sessile Algae_Metal Algae_Wood Algae N Algae all 1.5mx1.5mx0.8m 2.25 Y Reef Mixed (vertical and horizontal) woodvsmetal Wood Wood_unclassified Wood_Metal Wood Metal Metal_unclassified Metal_unclassified Metal 6 m subtidal NA 4.000000 -33.85 151.54 Australia Sydney harbour Reef Sheltered Not Significant Fig 2 b
Chapman & Clynick 2006 2006 50.5330000 8.0913198 59.4883000 15.5078097 60 60 60 Cover Sessile Algae_Polymer Algae_Wood Algae N Algae all 1.5mx1.5mx0.8m 2.25 Y Reef Mixed (vertical and horizontal) woodvstyre Wood Wood_unclassified Wood_Polymer Wood Rubber Polymer_rubber Polymer_rubber Polymer 6 m subtidal Final 19.000000 -33.85 151.54 Australia Sydney harbour Reef Sheltered Not Significant Fig 2 b
Chapman & Clynick 2006 2006 50.5330000 8.0913198 50.9595000 47.1982590 60 60 60 Cover Sessile Algae_Metal Algae_Wood Algae N Algae all 1.5mx1.5mx0.8m 2.25 Y Reef Mixed (vertical and horizontal) woodvsmetal Wood Wood_unclassified Wood_Metal Wood Metal Metal_unclassified Metal_unclassified Metal 6 m subtidal Final 19.000000 -33.85 151.54 Australia Sydney harbour Reef Sheltered Not Significant Fig 2 b
Chapman & Clynick 2006 2006 56.0768000 16.1820072 64.8188000 11.4623078 60 60 60 Cover Sessile Algae_Metal Algae_Wood Algae N Algae all 1.5mx1.5mx0.8m 2.25 Y Reef Mixed (vertical and horizontal) woodvsmetal Wood Wood_unclassified Wood_Metal Wood Metal Metal_unclassified Metal_unclassified Metal 6 m subtidal NA 13.000000 -33.85 151.54 Australia Sydney harbour Reef Sheltered Not Significant Fig 2 b
Chapman & Clynick 2006 2006 56.0768000 16.1820072 60.1279000 8.0913198 60 60 60 Cover Sessile Algae_Polymer Algae_Wood Algae N Algae all 1.5mx1.5mx0.8m 2.25 Y Reef Mixed (vertical and horizontal) woodvstyre Wood Wood_unclassified Wood_Polymer Wood Rubber Polymer_rubber Polymer_rubber Polymer 6 m subtidal NA 13.000000 -33.85 151.54 Australia Sydney harbour Reef Sheltered Not Significant Fig 2 b
Chapman & Clynick 2006 2006 56.0768000 41.1298482 59.4883000 15.5078097 60 60 60 Cover Sessile Algae_Polymer Algae_Rock Algae N Algae all 1.5mx1.5mx0.8m 2.25 Y Reef Mixed (vertical and horizontal) bouldervstyre Sandstone Rock_sandstone Rock_Polymer Rock Rubber Polymer_rubber Polymer_rubber Polymer 6 m subtidal Final 19.000000 -33.85 151.54 Australia Sydney harbour Reef Sheltered Not Significant Fig 2 b
Chapman & Clynick 2006 2006 56.0768000 41.1298482 50.9595000 47.1982590 60 60 60 Cover Sessile Algae_Metal Algae_Rock Algae N Algae all 1.5mx1.5mx0.8m 2.25 Y Reef Mixed (vertical and horizontal) bouldervsmetal Sandstone Rock_sandstone Rock_Metal Rock Metal Metal_unclassified Metal_unclassified Metal 6 m subtidal Final 19.000000 -33.85 151.54 Australia Sydney harbour Reef Sheltered Not Significant Fig 2 b
Chapman & Clynick 2006 2006 70.3625000 16.8565211 72.7079000 9.4397150 60 60 60 Cover Sessile Algae_Polymer Algae_Wood Algae N Algae all 1.5mx1.5mx0.8m 2.25 Y Reef Mixed (vertical and horizontal) woodvstyre Wood Wood_unclassified Wood_Polymer Wood Rubber Polymer_rubber Polymer_rubber Polymer 6 m subtidal NA 16.000000 -33.85 151.54 Australia Sydney harbour Reef Sheltered Not Significant Fig 2 b
Chapman & Clynick 2006 2006 70.3625000 16.8565211 71.4286000 6.7426084 60 60 60 Cover Sessile Algae_Metal Algae_Wood Algae N Algae all 1.5mx1.5mx0.8m 2.25 Y Reef Mixed (vertical and horizontal) woodvsmetal Wood Wood_unclassified Wood_Metal Wood Metal Metal_unclassified Metal_unclassified Metal 6 m subtidal NA 16.000000 -33.85 151.54 Australia Sydney harbour Reef Sheltered Not Significant Fig 2 b
Chapman & Clynick 2006 2006 72.4947000 13.4852169 64.8188000 11.4623078 60 60 60 Cover Sessile Algae_Metal Algae_Rock Algae N Algae all 1.5mx1.5mx0.8m 2.25 Y Reef Mixed (vertical and horizontal) bouldervsmetal Sandstone Rock_sandstone Rock_Metal Rock Metal Metal_unclassified Metal_unclassified Metal 6 m subtidal NA 13.000000 -33.85 151.54 Australia Sydney harbour Reef Sheltered Not Significant Fig 2 b
Chapman & Clynick 2006 2006 72.4947000 13.4852169 60.1279000 8.0913198 60 60 60 Cover Sessile Algae_Polymer Algae_Rock Algae N Algae all 1.5mx1.5mx0.8m 2.25 Y Reef Mixed (vertical and horizontal) bouldervstyre Sandstone Rock_sandstone Rock_Polymer Rock Rubber Polymer_rubber Polymer_rubber Polymer 6 m subtidal NA 13.000000 -33.85 151.54 Australia Sydney harbour Reef Sheltered Not Significant Fig 2 b
Chapman & Clynick 2006 2006 72.7079000 7.4168060 72.7079000 9.4397150 60 60 60 Cover Sessile Algae_Polymer Algae_Rock Algae N Algae all 1.5mx1.5mx0.8m 2.25 Y Reef Mixed (vertical and horizontal) bouldervstyre Sandstone Rock_sandstone Rock_Polymer Rock Rubber Polymer_rubber Polymer_rubber Polymer 6 m subtidal NA 16.000000 -33.85 151.54 Australia Sydney harbour Reef Sheltered Not Significant Fig 2 b
Chapman & Clynick 2006 2006 72.7079000 7.4168060 71.4286000 6.7426084 60 60 60 Cover Sessile Algae_Metal Algae_Rock Algae N Algae all 1.5mx1.5mx0.8m 2.25 Y Reef Mixed (vertical and horizontal) bouldervsmetal Sandstone Rock_sandstone Rock_Metal Rock Metal Metal_unclassified Metal_unclassified Metal 6 m subtidal NA 16.000000 -33.85 151.54 Australia Sydney harbour Reef Sheltered Not Significant Fig 2 b
Chapman & Clynick 2006 2006 76.9723000 8.0910036 85.9275000 9.4397150 60 60 60 Cover Sessile Algae_Polymer Algae_Wood Algae N Algae all 1.5mx1.5mx0.8m 2.25 Y Reef Mixed (vertical and horizontal) woodvstyre Wood Wood_unclassified Wood_Polymer Wood Rubber Polymer_rubber Polymer_rubber Polymer 6 m subtidal NA 10.000000 -33.85 151.54 Australia Sydney harbour Reef Sheltered Not Significant Fig 2 b
Chapman & Clynick 2006 2006 76.9723000 8.0910036 75.2665000 6.0684108 60 60 60 Cover Sessile Algae_Metal Algae_Wood Algae N Algae all 1.5mx1.5mx0.8m 2.25 Y Reef Mixed (vertical and horizontal) woodvsmetal Wood Wood_unclassified Wood_Metal Wood Metal Metal_unclassified Metal_unclassified Metal 6 m subtidal NA 10.000000 -33.85 151.54 Australia Sydney harbour Reef Sheltered Not Significant Fig 2 b
Chapman & Clynick 2006 2006 82.0896000 28.9930265 89.3390000 5.3942132 60 60 60 Cover Sessile Algae_Metal Algae_Wood Algae N Algae all 1.5mx1.5mx0.8m 2.25 Y Reef Mixed (vertical and horizontal) woodvsmetal Wood Wood_unclassified Wood_Metal Wood Metal Metal_unclassified Metal_unclassified Metal 6 m subtidal NA 7.000000 -33.85 151.54 Australia Sydney harbour Reef Sheltered Not Significant Fig 2 b
Chapman & Clynick 2006 2006 82.0896000 28.9930265 87.4200000 6.7426084 60 60 60 Cover Sessile Algae_Polymer Algae_Wood Algae N Algae all 1.5mx1.5mx0.8m 2.25 Y Reef Mixed (vertical and horizontal) woodvstyre Wood Wood_unclassified Wood_Polymer Wood Rubber Polymer_rubber Polymer_rubber Polymer 6 m subtidal NA 7.000000 -33.85 151.54 Australia Sydney harbour Reef Sheltered Not Significant Fig 2 b
Chapman & Clynick 2006 2006 84.8614000 12.8110193 85.9275000 9.4397150 60 60 60 Cover Sessile Algae_Polymer Algae_Rock Algae N Algae all 1.5mx1.5mx0.8m 2.25 Y Reef Mixed (vertical and horizontal) bouldervstyre Sandstone Rock_sandstone Rock_Polymer Rock Rubber Polymer_rubber Polymer_rubber Polymer 6 m subtidal NA 10.000000 -33.85 151.54 Australia Sydney harbour Reef Sheltered Not Significant Fig 2 b
Chapman & Clynick 2006 2006 84.8614000 12.8110193 75.2665000 6.0684108 60 60 60 Cover Sessile Algae_Metal Algae_Rock Algae N Algae all 1.5mx1.5mx0.8m 2.25 Y Reef Mixed (vertical and horizontal) bouldervsmetal Sandstone Rock_sandstone Rock_Metal Rock Metal Metal_unclassified Metal_unclassified Metal 6 m subtidal NA 10.000000 -33.85 151.54 Australia Sydney harbour Reef Sheltered Not Significant Fig 2 b
Chapman & Clynick 2006 2006 86.3539000 10.7884265 89.3390000 5.3942132 60 60 60 Cover Sessile Algae_Metal Algae_Rock Algae N Algae all 1.5mx1.5mx0.8m 2.25 Y Reef Mixed (vertical and horizontal) bouldervsmetal Sandstone Rock_sandstone Rock_Metal Rock Metal Metal_unclassified Metal_unclassified Metal 6 m subtidal NA 7.000000 -33.85 151.54 Australia Sydney harbour Reef Sheltered Not Significant Fig 2 b
Chapman & Clynick 2006 2006 86.3539000 10.7884265 87.4200000 6.7426084 60 60 60 Cover Sessile Algae_Polymer Algae_Rock Algae N Algae all 1.5mx1.5mx0.8m 2.25 Y Reef Mixed (vertical and horizontal) bouldervstyre Sandstone Rock_sandstone Rock_Polymer Rock Rubber Polymer_rubber Polymer_rubber Polymer 6 m subtidal NA 7.000000 -33.85 151.54 Australia Sydney harbour Reef Sheltered Not Significant Fig 2 b
Vaz-pinto et al 2013 2013 17.3420200 5.5786585 15.8011700 4.8213020 12 12 12 Richness Benthic Benthic_Polymer Benthic_Rock Benthic N Invertebrates (and algae) All 7x7cm 0.0049 Y Tile FibreglassvsBassalt Basalt Rock_basalt Rock_Polymer Rock Fibreglass Polymer_fibreglass Polymer_fibreglass Polymer 1m subtidal Final 12.000000 37.7804 25.497 Sao Miguel, Azores Mid-Atlantic Marinas_winter deploy_12 Sheltered Significant Figure2a/b- Winter deployment Added native and non-native species together
Chapman & Clynick 2006 2006 21.0000000 NA 15.0000000 NA 60 60 60 Richness Sessile Invert_Polymer Invert_Wood Invert N Invertebrates ALL NA NA Y Reef Mixed (vertical and horizontal) woodvstyre Wood Wood_unclassified Wood_Polymer Wood Rubber Polymer_rubber Polymer_rubber Polymer 6 m subtidal Final 19.000000 -33.85 151.54 Australia Sydney harbour Reef Sheltered Not Significant Table1
Chapman & Clynick 2006 2006 14.0000000 NA 15.0000000 NA 60 60 60 Richness Sessile Invert_Polymer Invert_Rock Invert N Invertebrates ALL NA NA Y Reef Mixed (vertical and horizontal) rockvstyre Rock Rock_unclassified Rock_Polymer Rock Rubber Polymer_rubber Polymer_rubber Polymer 6 m subtidal Final 19.000000 -33.85 151.54 Australia Sydney harbour Reef Sheltered Not Significant Table1
Vaz-pinto et al 2013 2013 14.9678200 5.9108659 14.9738100 5.2275372 12 12 12 Richness Benthic Benthic_Polymer Benthic_Rock Benthic N Invertebrates (and algae) All 7x7cm 0.0049 Y Tile FibreglassvsBassalt Basalt Rock_basalt Rock_Polymer Rock Fibreglass Polymer_fibreglass Polymer_fibreglass Polymer 1m subtidal Final 12.000000 37.7804 25.497 Sao Miguel, Azores Mid-Atlantic Marinas_summer deploy_12 Sheltered Significant Figure2a/b- Summer deployment Added native and non-native species together
Chapman & Clynick 2006 2006 11.0000000 NA 14.0000000 NA 1 1 1 Richness Fish Fish_Metal Fish_Wood Fish N Fish all 1.5mx1.5mx0.8m NA Y Reef Mixed (vertical and horizontal) woodvsmetal Wood Wood_unclassified Wood_Metal Wood Metal Metal_unclassified Metal_unclassified Metal 6 m subtidal NA 16.000000 -33.85 151.54 Australia Sydney harbour Reef Sheltered Significant Figure6 Replicates - Fish are counted over the whole reef, no quadrats used.. All replicates for each substrate have been summed (not averaged), therefore the replicate for the mean and control in this case is 1. Size of sampled area in m2 - this is NA as the area above each reef was included too.
Chapman & Clynick 2006 2006 10.0000000 NA 14.0000000 NA 1 1 1 Richness Fish Fish_Metal Fish_Rock Fish N Fish all 1.5mx1.5mx0.8m NA Y Reef Mixed (vertical and horizontal) rockvstyre Rock Rock_unclassified Rock_Metal Rock Metal Metal_unclassified Metal_unclassified Metal 6 m subtidal NA 16.000000 -33.85 151.54 Australia Sydney harbour Reef Sheltered Significant Figure6 Replicates - Fish are counted over the whole reef, no quadrats used.. All replicates for each substrate have been summed (not averaged), therefore the replicate for the mean and control in this case is 1. Size of sampled area in m2 - this is NA as the area above each reef was included too.
Vaz-pinto et al 2013 2013 15.2871700 4.4276415 13.6531300 4.2709948 12 12 12 Richness Benthic Benthic_Polymer Benthic_Rock Benthic N Invertebrates (and algae) All 7x7cm 0.0049 Y Tile FibreglassvsBassalt Basalt Rock_basalt Rock_Polymer Rock Fibreglass Polymer_fibreglass Polymer_fibreglass Polymer 1m subtidal Final 3.000000 37.7804 25.497 Sao Miguel, Azores Mid-Atlantic Marinas_summer deploy_3 Sheltered Significant Figure2a/b- Summer deployment Added native and non-native species together
Ushiama2016 2016 18.7393000 1.1290000 13.3967000 1.1286000 8 8 8 Richness Sessile Sessile_Metal Sessile_Wood Sessile No All 11x11cm 0.0121 Y Tile mixed WoodvsSteel Turpentine Tree Wood_unclassified Wood_Metal Wood Steel Metal_steel Metal_steel Metal NA subtidal Final 3.000000 -33.83 151.29 Australia East Reef exposed Significant Figure 3
Ushiama2016 2016 18.3250000 3.1280000 13.3967000 1.1286000 8 8 8 Richness Sessile Sessile_Metal Sessile_Rock Sessile No All 11x11cm 0.0121 Y Tile mixed RockvsSteel Sandstone Rock_sandstone Rock_Metal Rock Steel Metal_steel Metal_steel Metal NA subtidal Final 3.000000 -33.83 151.29 Australia East Reef exposed Significant Figure 3
Chapman & Clynick 2006 2006 15.0000000 NA 13.0000000 NA 60 60 60 Richness Sessile Algae_Polymer Algae_Wood Algae N Algae ALL NA NA Y Reef Mixed (vertical and horizontal) woodvstyre Wood Wood_unclassified Wood_Polymer Wood Rubber Polymer_rubber Polymer_rubber Polymer 6 m subtidal Final 19.000000 -33.85 151.54 Australia Sydney harbour Reef Sheltered Not Significant Table1
Chapman & Clynick 2006 2006 14.0000000 NA 13.0000000 NA 1 1 1 Richness Fish Fish_Polymer Fish_Rock Fish N Fish all 1.5mx1.5mx0.8m NA Y Reef Mixed (vertical and horizontal) rockvstyre Rock Rock_unclassified Rock_Polymer Rock Rubber Polymer_rubber Polymer_rubber Polymer 6 m subtidal Final 19.000000 -33.85 151.54 Australia Sydney harbour Reef Sheltered NS Figure6 Replicates - Fish are counted over the whole reef, no quadrats used.. All replicates for each substrate have been summed (not averaged), therefore the replicate for the mean and control in this case is 1. Size of sampled area in m2 - this is NA as the area above each reef was included too.
Chapman & Clynick 2006 2006 13.0000000 NA 13.0000000 NA 60 60 60 Richness Sessile Algae_Polymer Algae_Rock Algae N Algae ALL NA NA Y Reef Mixed (vertical and horizontal) rockvstyre Rock Rock_unclassified Rock_Polymer Rock Rubber Polymer_rubber Polymer_rubber Polymer 6 m subtidal Final 19.000000 -33.85 151.54 Australia Sydney harbour Reef Sheltered Not Significant Table1
Chapman & Clynick 2006 2006 12.0000000 NA 13.0000000 NA 1 1 1 Richness Fish Fish_Polymer Fish_Wood Fish N Fish all 1.5mx1.5mx0.8m NA Y Reef Mixed (vertical and horizontal) woodvstyre Wood Wood_unclassified Wood_Polymer Wood Rubber Polymer_rubber Polymer_rubber Polymer 6 m subtidal NA 10.000000 -33.85 151.54 Australia Sydney harbour Reef Sheltered Significant Figure6 Replicates - Fish are counted over the whole reef, no quadrats used.. All replicates for each substrate have been summed (not averaged), therefore the replicate for the mean and control in this case is 1. Size of sampled area in m2 - this is NA as the area above each reef was included too.
Chapman & Clynick 2006 2006 11.0000000 NA 13.0000000 NA 1 1 1 Richness Fish Fish_Polymer Fish_Wood Fish N Fish all 1.5mx1.5mx0.8m NA Y Reef Mixed (vertical and horizontal) woodvstyre Wood Wood_unclassified Wood_Polymer Wood Rubber Polymer_rubber Polymer_rubber Polymer 6 m subtidal Final 19.000000 -33.85 151.54 Australia Sydney harbour Reef Sheltered NS Figure6 Replicates - Fish are counted over the whole reef, no quadrats used.. All replicates for each substrate have been summed (not averaged), therefore the replicate for the mean and control in this case is 1. Size of sampled area in m2 - this is NA as the area above each reef was included too.
Chapman & Clynick 2006 2006 10.0000000 NA 13.0000000 NA 1 1 1 Richness Fish Fish_Polymer Fish_Rock Fish N Fish all 1.5mx1.5mx0.8m NA Y Reef Mixed (vertical and horizontal) rockvstyre Rock Rock_unclassified Rock_Polymer Rock Rubber Polymer_rubber Polymer_rubber Polymer 6 m subtidal NA 10.000000 -33.85 151.54 Australia Sydney harbour Reef Sheltered Significant Figure6 Replicates - Fish are counted over the whole reef, no quadrats used.. All replicates for each substrate have been summed (not averaged), therefore the replicate for the mean and control in this case is 1. Size of sampled area in m2 - this is NA as the area above each reef was included too.
Vaz-pinto et al 2013 2013 14.9678200 5.9108659 12.9842300 6.1140008 12 12 12 Richness Benthic Benthic_Concrete Benthic_Rock Benthic N Invertebrates (and algae) All 7x7cm 0.0049 Y Tile ConcretevsBassalt Basalt Rock_basalt Rock_Concrete Rock Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete 1m subtidal Final 12.000000 37.7804 25.497 Sao Miguel, Azores Mid-Atlantic Marinas_summer deploy_12 Sheltered Significant Figure2a/b- Summer deployment Added native and non-native species together
Chapman & Clynick 2006 2006 21.0000000 NA 12.0000000 NA 60 60 60 Richness Sessile Invert_Metal Invert_Wood Invert N Invertebrates ALL NA NA Y Reef Mixed (vertical and horizontal) woodvsmetal Wood Wood_unclassified Wood_Metal Wood Metal Metal_unclassified Metal_unclassified Metal 6 m subtidal Final 19.000000 -33.85 151.54 Australia Sydney harbour Reef Sheltered Not Significant Table1
Chapman & Clynick 2006 2006 14.0000000 NA 12.0000000 NA 60 60 60 Richness Sessile Invert_Metal Invert_Rock Invert N Invertebrates ALL NA NA Y Reef Mixed (vertical and horizontal) rockvsmetal Rock Rock_unclassified Rock_Metal Rock Metal Metal_unclassified Metal_unclassified Metal 6 m subtidal Final 19.000000 -33.85 151.54 Australia Sydney harbour Reef Sheltered Not Significant Table1
Chapman & Clynick 2006 2006 12.0000000 NA 12.0000000 NA 1 1 1 Richness Fish Fish_Metal Fish_Wood Fish N Fish all 1.5mx1.5mx0.8m NA Y Reef Mixed (vertical and horizontal) woodvsmetal Wood Wood_unclassified Wood_Metal Wood Metal Metal_unclassified Metal_unclassified Metal 6 m subtidal NA 10.000000 -33.85 151.54 Australia Sydney harbour Reef Sheltered Significant Figure6 Replicates - Fish are counted over the whole reef, no quadrats used.. All replicates for each substrate have been summed (not averaged), therefore the replicate for the mean and control in this case is 1. Size of sampled area in m2 - this is NA as the area above each reef was included too.
Chapman & Clynick 2006 2006 10.0000000 NA 12.0000000 NA 1 1 1 Richness Fish Fish_Metal Fish_Rock Fish N Fish all 1.5mx1.5mx0.8m NA Y Reef Mixed (vertical and horizontal) rockvstyre Rock Rock_unclassified Rock_Metal Rock Metal Metal_unclassified Metal_unclassified Metal 6 m subtidal NA 10.000000 -33.85 151.54 Australia Sydney harbour Reef Sheltered Significant Figure6 Replicates - Fish are counted over the whole reef, no quadrats used.. All replicates for each substrate have been summed (not averaged), therefore the replicate for the mean and control in this case is 1. Size of sampled area in m2 - this is NA as the area above each reef was included too.
Reed 2005 2005 11.5000000 0.5600000 11.5200000 0.6100000 8 8 8 Richness Fish Fish_Concrete Fish_Rock Fish N Fish All 1500m2 320 Y Reef mixed ConcreteMedvsRock Rock Rock_unclassified Rock_Concrete Rock Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete n/a subtidal Final 60.000000 33.425076 -117.629032 USA North pacific Reef_med Exposed NS FigIII.D.11
Vaz-pinto et al 2013 2013 15.2871700 4.4276415 11.3103400 4.7454035 12 12 12 Richness Benthic Benthic_Concrete Benthic_Rock Benthic N Invertebrates (and algae) All 7x7cm 0.0049 Y Tile ConcretevsBassalt Basalt Rock_basalt Rock_Concrete Rock Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete 1m subtidal Final 3.000000 37.7804 25.497 Sao Miguel, Azores Mid-Atlantic Marinas_summer deploy_3 Sheltered Significant Figure2a/b- Summer deployment Added native and non-native species together
Reed 2005 2005 10.0530000 0.8370000 11.1900000 0.4700000 8 8 8 Richness Fish Fish_Concrete Fish_Rock Fish N Fish All 1500m2 320 Y Reef mixed ConcreteLowvsRock Rock Rock_unclassified Rock_Concrete Rock Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete n/a subtidal Final 60.000000 33.425076 -117.629032 USA North pacific Reef_low Exposed NS FigIII.D.11
Chapman & Clynick 2006 2006 12.0000000 NA 11.0000000 NA 1 1 1 Richness Fish Fish_Polymer Fish_Wood Fish N Fish all 1.5mx1.5mx0.8m NA Y Reef Mixed (vertical and horizontal) woodvstyre Wood Wood_unclassified Wood_Polymer Wood Rubber Polymer_rubber Polymer_rubber Polymer 6 m subtidal NA 4.000000 -33.85 151.54 Australia Sydney harbour Reef Sheltered Significant Figure6 Replicates - Fish are counted over the whole reef, no quadrats used.. All replicates for each substrate have been summed (not averaged), therefore the replicate for the mean and control in this case is 1. Size of sampled area in m2 - this is NA as the area above each reef was included too.
Chapman & Clynick 2006 2006 12.0000000 NA 11.0000000 NA 1 1 1 Richness Fish Fish_Metal Fish_Wood Fish N Fish all 1.5mx1.5mx0.8m NA Y Reef Mixed (vertical and horizontal) woodvsmetal Wood Wood_unclassified Wood_Metal Wood Metal Metal_unclassified Metal_unclassified Metal 6 m subtidal NA 4.000000 -33.85 151.54 Australia Sydney harbour Reef Sheltered Significant Figure6 Replicates - Fish are counted over the whole reef, no quadrats used.. All replicates for each substrate have been summed (not averaged), therefore the replicate for the mean and control in this case is 1. Size of sampled area in m2 - this is NA as the area above each reef was included too.
Chapman & Clynick 2006 2006 11.0000000 NA 11.0000000 NA 1 1 1 Richness Fish Fish_Polymer Fish_Wood Fish N Fish all 1.5mx1.5mx0.8m NA Y Reef Mixed (vertical and horizontal) woodvstyre Wood Wood_unclassified Wood_Polymer Wood Rubber Polymer_rubber Polymer_rubber Polymer 6 m subtidal NA 16.000000 -33.85 151.54 Australia Sydney harbour Reef Sheltered Significant Figure6 Replicates - Fish are counted over the whole reef, no quadrats used.. All replicates for each substrate have been summed (not averaged), therefore the replicate for the mean and control in this case is 1. Size of sampled area in m2 - this is NA as the area above each reef was included too.
Chapman & Clynick 2006 2006 10.0000000 NA 11.0000000 NA 1 1 1 Richness Fish Fish_Polymer Fish_Rock Fish N Fish all 1.5mx1.5mx0.8m NA Y Reef Mixed (vertical and horizontal) rockvstyre Rock Rock_unclassified Rock_Polymer Rock Rubber Polymer_rubber Polymer_rubber Polymer 6 m subtidal NA 16.000000 -33.85 151.54 Australia Sydney harbour Reef Sheltered Significant Figure6 Replicates - Fish are counted over the whole reef, no quadrats used.. All replicates for each substrate have been summed (not averaged), therefore the replicate for the mean and control in this case is 1. Size of sampled area in m2 - this is NA as the area above each reef was included too.
Chapman & Clynick 2006 2006 9.0000000 NA 11.0000000 NA 1 1 1 Richness Fish Fish_Metal Fish_Rock Fish N Fish all 1.5mx1.5mx0.8m NA Y Reef Mixed (vertical and horizontal) rockvstyre Rock Rock_unclassified Rock_Metal Rock Metal Metal_unclassified Metal_unclassified Metal 6 m subtidal NA 4.000000 -33.85 151.54 Australia Sydney harbour Reef Sheltered Significant Figure6 Replicates - Fish are counted over the whole reef, no quadrats used.. All replicates for each substrate have been summed (not averaged), therefore the replicate for the mean and control in this case is 1. Size of sampled area in m2 - this is NA as the area above each reef was included too.
Chase2015 2015 53.4500000 NA 39.8000000 NA 6 6 6 Cover Sessile Invert_Concrete Invert_Rock Invert N Invertebrates 0.0064 Y Tile downfacing granitevsconcrete Granite Rock_granite Rock_Concrete Rock Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete NA N 1.839884 43°04’14.5"N 70°42’46.5"W University of New Hampshire Coastal Marine Laboratory in New Castle, NH 8 wks USA Figure 2.4
Chase2015 2015 53.4500000 NA 67.6000000 NA 6 6 6 Cover Sessile Invert_Polymer Invert_Rock Invert N Invertebrates 0.0064 Y Tile downfacing granitevsHDPE Granite Rock_granite Rock_Polymer Rock HDPE Polymer_mix Polymer_mix Polymer NA N 1.839884 43°04’14.5"N 70°42’46.5"W University of New Hampshire Coastal Marine Laboratory in New Castle, NH 8 wks USA Figure 2.4
Chase2015 2015 53.4500000 NA 55.4100000 NA 6 6 6 Cover Sessile Invert_Polymer Invert_Rock Invert N Invertebrates 0.0064 Y Tile downfacing granitevsPVC Granite Rock_granite Rock_Polymer Rock PVC Polymer_mix Polymer_mix Polymer NA N 1.839884 43°04’14.5"N 70°42’46.5"W University of New Hampshire Coastal Marine Laboratory in New Castle, NH 8 wks USA Figure 2.4
Chase2015 2015 54.5100000 NA 67.1900000 NA 6 6 6 Cover Sessile Invert_Concrete Invert_Rock Invert N Invertebrates 0.0064 Y Tile downfacing granitevsconcrete Granite Rock_granite Rock_Concrete Rock Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete NA N 2.299855 43°04’14.5"N 70°42’46.5"W University of New Hampshire Coastal Marine Laboratory in New Castle, NH 10 wks USA Figure 2.4
Chase2015 2015 54.5100000 NA 44.2600000 NA 6 6 6 Cover Sessile Invert_Polymer Invert_Rock Invert N Invertebrates 0.0064 Y Tile downfacing granitevsHDPE Granite Rock_granite Rock_Polymer Rock HDPE Polymer_mix Polymer_mix Polymer NA N 2.299855 43°04’14.5"N 70°42’46.5"W University of New Hampshire Coastal Marine Laboratory in New Castle, NH 10 wks USA Figure 2.4
Chase2015 2015 54.5100000 NA 50.6100000 NA 6 6 6 Cover Sessile Invert_Polymer Invert_Rock Invert N Invertebrates 0.0064 Y Tile downfacing granitevsPVC Granite Rock_granite Rock_Polymer Rock PVC Polymer_mix Polymer_mix Polymer NA N 2.299855 43°04’14.5"N 70°42’46.5"W University of New Hampshire Coastal Marine Laboratory in New Castle, NH 10 wks USA Figure 2.4
Chase2015 2015 54.1100000 NA 67.2800000 NA 6 6 6 Cover Sessile Invert_Concrete Invert_Rock Invert N Invertebrates 0.0064 Y Tile downfacing granitevsconcrete Granite Rock_granite Rock_Concrete Rock Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete NA N 2.759826 43°04’14.5"N 70°42’46.5"W University of New Hampshire Coastal Marine Laboratory in New Castle, NH 12 wks USA Figure 2.4
Chase2015 2015 54.1100000 NA 49.2300000 NA 6 6 6 Cover Sessile Invert_Polymer Invert_Rock Invert N Invertebrates 0.0064 Y Tile downfacing granitevsHDPE Granite Rock_granite Rock_Polymer Rock HDPE Polymer_mix Polymer_mix Polymer NA N 2.759826 43°04’14.5"N 70°42’46.5"W University of New Hampshire Coastal Marine Laboratory in New Castle, NH 12 wks USA Figure 2.4
Chase2015 2015 54.1100000 NA 47.2700000 NA 6 6 6 Cover Sessile Invert_Polymer Invert_Rock Invert N Invertebrates 0.0064 Y Tile downfacing granitevsPVC Granite Rock_granite Rock_Polymer Rock PVC Polymer_mix Polymer_mix Polymer NA N 2.759826 43°04’14.5"N 70°42’46.5"W University of New Hampshire Coastal Marine Laboratory in New Castle, NH 12 wks USA Figure 2.4
Chase2015 2015 42.4800000 NA 72.2400000 NA 6 6 6 Cover Sessile Invert_Concrete Invert_Rock Invert N Invertebrates 0.0064 Y Tile downfacing granitevsconcrete Granite Rock_granite Rock_Concrete Rock Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete NA N 3.219797 43°04’14.5"N 70°42’46.5"W University of New Hampshire Coastal Marine Laboratory in New Castle, NH 14 wks USA Figure 2.4
Chase2015 2015 42.4800000 NA 36.1400000 NA 6 6 6 Cover Sessile Invert_Polymer Invert_Rock Invert N Invertebrates 0.0064 Y Tile downfacing granitevsHDPE Granite Rock_granite Rock_Polymer Rock HDPE Polymer_mix Polymer_mix Polymer NA N 3.219797 43°04’14.5"N 70°42’46.5"W University of New Hampshire Coastal Marine Laboratory in New Castle, NH 14 wks USA Figure 2.4
Chase2015 2015 42.4800000 NA 40.5300000 NA 6 6 6 Cover Sessile Invert_Polymer Invert_Rock Invert N Invertebrates 0.0064 Y Tile downfacing granitevsPVC Granite Rock_granite Rock_Polymer Rock PVC Polymer_mix Polymer_mix Polymer NA N 3.219797 43°04’14.5"N 70°42’46.5"W University of New Hampshire Coastal Marine Laboratory in New Castle, NH 14 wks USA Figure 2.4
Chase2015 2015 37.1960000 NA 72.3200000 NA 6 6 6 Cover Sessile Invert_Concrete Invert_Rock Invert N Invertebrates 0.0064 Y Tile downfacing granitevsconcrete Granite Rock_granite Rock_Concrete Rock Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete NA N 3.679768 43°04’14.5"N 70°42’46.5"W University of New Hampshire Coastal Marine Laboratory in New Castle, NH 16 wks USA Figure 2.4
Chase2015 2015 37.1960000 NA 32.3200000 NA 6 6 6 Cover Sessile Invert_Polymer Invert_Rock Invert N Invertebrates 0.0064 Y Tile downfacing granitevsHDPE Granite Rock_granite Rock_Polymer Rock HDPE Polymer_mix Polymer_mix Polymer NA N 3.679768 43°04’14.5"N 70°42’46.5"W University of New Hampshire Coastal Marine Laboratory in New Castle, NH 16 wks USA Figure 2.4
Chase2015 2015 37.1960000 NA 41.1000000 NA 6 6 6 Cover Sessile Invert_Polymer Invert_Rock Invert N Invertebrates 0.0064 Y Tile downfacing granitevsPVC Granite Rock_granite Rock_Polymer Rock PVC Polymer_mix Polymer_mix Polymer NA N 3.679768 43°04’14.5"N 70°42’46.5"W University of New Hampshire Coastal Marine Laboratory in New Castle, NH 16 wks USA Figure 2.4
Chase2015 2015 39.2300000 NA 72.8800000 NA 6 6 6 Cover Sessile Invert_Concrete Invert_Rock Invert N Invertebrates 0.0064 Y Tile downfacing granitevsconcrete Granite Rock_granite Rock_Concrete Rock Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete NA N 4.139739 43°04’14.5"N 70°42’46.5"W University of New Hampshire Coastal Marine Laboratory in New Castle, NH 18 wks USA Figure 2.4
Chase2015 2015 39.2300000 NA 36.7900000 NA 6 6 6 Cover Sessile Invert_Polymer Invert_Rock Invert N Invertebrates 0.0064 Y Tile downfacing granitevsHDPE Granite Rock_granite Rock_Polymer Rock HDPE Polymer_mix Polymer_mix Polymer NA N 4.139739 43°04’14.5"N 70°42’46.5"W University of New Hampshire Coastal Marine Laboratory in New Castle, NH 18 wks USA Figure 2.4
Chase2015 2015 39.2300000 NA 47.0300000 NA 6 6 6 Cover Sessile Invert_Polymer Invert_Rock Invert N Invertebrates 0.0064 Y Tile downfacing granitevsPVC Granite Rock_granite Rock_Polymer Rock PVC Polymer_mix Polymer_mix Polymer NA N 4.139739 43°04’14.5"N 70°42’46.5"W University of New Hampshire Coastal Marine Laboratory in New Castle, NH 18 wks USA Figure 2.4
Chase2015 2015 55.9000000 NA 71.9900000 NA 6 6 6 Cover Sessile Invert_Concrete Invert_Rock Invert N Invertebrates 0.0064 Y Tile downfacing granitevsconcrete Granite Rock_granite Rock_Concrete Rock Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete NA N 4.599710 43°04’14.5"N 70°42’46.5"W University of New Hampshire Coastal Marine Laboratory in New Castle, NH 20 wks USA Figure 2.4
Chase2015 2015 55.9000000 NA 49.5600000 NA 6 6 6 Cover Sessile Invert_Polymer Invert_Rock Invert N Invertebrates 0.0064 Y Tile downfacing granitevsHDPE Granite Rock_granite Rock_Polymer Rock HDPE Polymer_mix Polymer_mix Polymer NA N 4.599710 43°04’14.5"N 70°42’46.5"W University of New Hampshire Coastal Marine Laboratory in New Castle, NH 20 wks USA Figure 2.4
Chase2015 2015 55.9000000 NA 55.4100000 NA 6 6 6 Cover Sessile Invert_Polymer Invert_Rock Invert N Invertebrates 0.0064 Y Tile downfacing granitevsPVC Granite Rock_granite Rock_Polymer Rock PVC Polymer_mix Polymer_mix Polymer NA N 4.599710 43°04’14.5"N 70°42’46.5"W University of New Hampshire Coastal Marine Laboratory in New Castle, NH 20 wks USA Figure 2.4
Chase2015 2015 66.7000000 NA 79.3900000 NA 6 6 6 Cover Sessile Invert_Concrete Invert_Rock Invert N Invertebrates 0.0064 Y Tile downfacing granitevsconcrete Granite Rock_granite Rock_Concrete Rock Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete NA N 5.059681 43°04’14.5"N 70°42’46.5"W University of New Hampshire Coastal Marine Laboratory in New Castle, NH 22 wks USA Figure 2.4
Chase2015 2015 66.7000000 NA 56.9500000 NA 6 6 6 Cover Sessile Invert_Polymer Invert_Rock Invert N Invertebrates 0.0064 Y Tile downfacing granitevsHDPE Granite Rock_granite Rock_Polymer Rock HDPE Polymer_mix Polymer_mix Polymer NA N 5.059681 43°04’14.5"N 70°42’46.5"W University of New Hampshire Coastal Marine Laboratory in New Castle, NH 22 wks USA Figure 2.4
Chase2015 2015 66.7000000 NA 63.7800000 NA 6 6 6 Cover Sessile Invert_Polymer Invert_Rock Invert N Invertebrates 0.0064 Y Tile downfacing granitevsPVC Granite Rock_granite Rock_Polymer Rock PVC Polymer_mix Polymer_mix Polymer NA N 5.059681 43°04’14.5"N 70°42’46.5"W University of New Hampshire Coastal Marine Laboratory in New Castle, NH 22 wks USA Figure 2.4
Chase2015 2015 66.3000000 NA 83.3700000 NA 6 6 6 Cover Sessile Invert_Concrete Invert_Rock Invert N Invertebrates 0.0064 Y Tile downfacing granitevsconcrete Granite Rock_granite Rock_Concrete Rock Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete NA N 5.519652 43°04’14.5"N 70°42’46.5"W University of New Hampshire Coastal Marine Laboratory in New Castle, NH 24 wks USA Figure 2.4
Chase2015 2015 66.3000000 NA 63.8600000 NA 6 6 6 Cover Sessile Invert_Polymer Invert_Rock Invert N Invertebrates 0.0064 Y Tile downfacing granitevsHDPE Granite Rock_granite Rock_Polymer Rock HDPE Polymer_mix Polymer_mix Polymer NA N 5.519652 43°04’14.5"N 70°42’46.5"W University of New Hampshire Coastal Marine Laboratory in New Castle, NH 24 wks USA Figure 2.4
Chase2015 2015 66.3000000 NA 74.1100000 NA 6 6 6 Cover Sessile Invert_Polymer Invert_Rock Invert N Invertebrates 0.0064 Y Tile downfacing granitevsPVC Granite Rock_granite Rock_Polymer Rock PVC Polymer_mix Polymer_mix Polymer NA N 5.519652 43°04’14.5"N 70°42’46.5"W University of New Hampshire Coastal Marine Laboratory in New Castle, NH 24 wks USA Figure 2.4
Fitzharding & Bailey-Brock 1989 1989 14.7527000 12.0402869 32.4475000 48.5141780 5 5 5 Density Sessile Invert_Metal Invert_Biogenic Invert Y Corals Corals Montipora species (coral) Montipora Anthozoa 15 x 15cm plates 0.0225 Y Tile Horizontal coralvsmetal Coral Biogenic_coral Biogenic_Metal Biogenic Metal Metal_unclassified Metal_unclassified Metal NA subtidal Final 6.000000 21.275659 -157.749979 Hawaii_winter deploy Kahala, Onahu, Hawaii Reef NA Not Significant Fig 2., table 1
Fitzharding & Bailey-Brock 1989 1989 14.7527000 12.0402869 9.1886800 12.3929148 5 5 5 Density Sessile Invert_Concrete Invert_Biogenic Invert Y Corals Corals Montipora species (coral) Montipora Anthozoa 15 x 15cm plates 0.0225 Y Tile Horizontal Coralvsconcrete Coral Biogenic_coral Biogenic_Concrete Biogenic Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete NA subtidal Final 6.000000 21.275659 -157.749979 Hawaii_winter deploy Kahala, Onahu, Hawaii Reef NA Significant Fig 2., table 1
Fitzharding & Bailey-Brock 1989 1989 14.7527000 12.0402869 0.0000000 0.0000000 5 5 5 Density Sessile Invert_Polymer Invert_Biogenic Invert Y Corals Corals Montipora species (coral) Montipora Anthozoa 15 x 15cm plates 0.0225 Y Tile Horizontal coralvstyres Coral Biogenic_coral Biogenic_Polymer Biogenic Rubber Polymer_rubber Polymer_rubber Polymer NA subtidal Final 6.000000 21.275659 -157.749979 Hawaii_winter deploy Kahala, Onahu, Hawaii Reef NA Not Significant Fig 2., table 1
Fitzharding & Bailey-Brock 1989 1989 20.9926000 20.3077458 53.4491000 40.9482184 4 5 4 Density Sessile Invert_Metal Invert_Biogenic Invert Y Corals Corals Montipora species (coral) Montipora Anthozoa 15 x 15cm plates 0.0225 Y Tile Horizontal coralvsmetal Coral Biogenic_coral Biogenic_Metal Biogenic Metal Metal_unclassified Metal_unclassified Metal NA subtidal Final 12.000000 21.275659 -157.749979 Hawaii_summer deploy Kahala, Onahu, Hawaii Reef NA Not Significant Fig 2., table 1
Fitzharding & Bailey-Brock 1989 1989 20.9926000 20.3077458 15.9305000 10.9860256 4 5 4 Density Sessile Invert_Concrete Invert_Biogenic Invert Y Corals Corals Montipora species (coral) Montipora Anthozoa 15 x 15cm plates 0.0225 Y Tile Horizontal Coralvsconcrete Coral Biogenic_coral Biogenic_Concrete Biogenic Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete NA subtidal Final 12.000000 21.275659 -157.749979 Hawaii_summer deploy Kahala, Onahu, Hawaii Reef NA Significant Fig 2., table 1
Fitzharding & Bailey-Brock 1989 1989 20.9926000 20.3077458 6.6997500 11.6519714 4 5 4 Density Sessile Invert_Polymer Invert_Biogenic Invert Y Corals Corals Montipora species (coral) Montipora Anthozoa 15 x 15cm plates 0.0225 Y Tile Horizontal coralvstyres Coral Biogenic_coral Biogenic_Polymer Biogenic Rubber Polymer_rubber Polymer_rubber Polymer NA subtidal Final 12.000000 21.275659 -157.749979 Hawaii_summer deploy Kahala, Onahu, Hawaii Reef NA Not Significant Fig 2., table 1
Fitzharding & Bailey-Brock 1989 1989 0.0000000 0.0000000 33.3333000 53.7720459 5 3 5 Cover Sessile Invert_Metal Invert_Biogenic Invert N Invertebrates Tunicates 15 x 15cm plates 0.0225 Y Tile Horizontal coralvsmetal Coral Biogenic_coral Biogenic_Metal Biogenic Metal Metal_unclassified Metal_unclassified Metal NA subtidal NA 3.000000 21.275659 -157.749979 Hawaii Kahala, Onahu, Hawaii Reef NA Not Significant Fig. 3., Table 8
Fitzharding & Bailey-Brock 1989 1989 0.0000000 0.0000000 6.6666700 13.3099353 5 3 5 Cover Sessile Invert_Concrete Invert_Biogenic Invert N Invertebrates Tunicates 15 x 15cm plates 0.0225 Y Tile Horizontal Coralvsconcrete Coral Biogenic_coral Biogenic_Concrete Biogenic Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete NA subtidal NA 3.000000 21.275659 -157.749979 Hawaii Kahala, Onahu, Hawaii Reef NA Not Significant Fig. 3., Table 14
Fitzharding & Bailey-Brock 1989 1989 0.0000000 0.0000000 0.0000000 0.0000000 5 3 5 Cover Sessile Invert_Polymer Invert_Biogenic Invert N Invertebrates Tunicates 15 x 15cm plates 0.0225 Y Tile Horizontal coralvstyres Coral Biogenic_coral Biogenic_Polymer Biogenic Rubber Polymer_rubber Polymer_rubber Polymer NA subtidal NA 3.000000 21.275659 -157.749979 Hawaii Kahala, Onahu, Hawaii Reef NA Significant Fig. 3., Table 2
Fitzharding & Bailey-Brock 1989 1989 86.1882000 9.6376766 79.9142000 11.4696871 5 5 5 Cover Sessile Invert_Concrete Invert_Biogenic Invert N Invertebrates Tunicates 15 x 15cm plates 0.0225 Y Tile Horizontal Coralvsconcrete_winter Coral Biogenic_coral Biogenic_Concrete Biogenic Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete NA subtidal NA 3.000000 21.275659 -157.749979 Hawaii Kahala, Onahu, Hawaii Reef NA Not Significant Fig. 3., Table 4
Fitzharding & Bailey-Brock 1989 1989 86.1882000 9.6376766 31.9384000 20.5769684 5 5 5 Cover Sessile Invert_Metal Invert_Biogenic Invert N Invertebrates Tunicates 15 x 15cm plates 0.0225 Y Tile Horizontal coralvsmetal_winter Coral Biogenic_coral Biogenic_Metal Biogenic Metal Metal_unclassified Metal_unclassified Metal NA subtidal NA 3.000000 21.275659 -157.749979 Hawaii Kahala, Onahu, Hawaii Reef NA Not Significant Fig. 3., Table 4
Fitzharding & Bailey-Brock 1989 1989 86.1882000 9.6376766 13.7677000 20.4318923 5 5 5 Cover Sessile Invert_Polymer Invert_Biogenic Invert N Invertebrates Tunicates 15 x 15cm plates 0.0225 Y Tile Horizontal coralvstyres_winter Coral Biogenic_coral Biogenic_Polymer Biogenic Rubber Polymer_rubber Polymer_rubber Polymer NA subtidal NA 3.000000 21.275659 -157.749979 Hawaii Kahala, Onahu, Hawaii Reef NA Significant Fig. 3., Table 4
Fitzharding & Bailey-Brock 1989 1989 26.1905000 20.7634564 38.0952000 29.2817574 5 3 5 Cover Sessile Invert_Concrete Invert_Biogenic Invert N Invertebrates Tunicates 15 x 15cm plates 0.0225 Y Tile Horizontal Coralvsconcrete Coral Biogenic_coral Biogenic_Concrete Biogenic Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete NA subtidal NA 6.000000 21.275659 -157.749979 Hawaii Kahala, Onahu, Hawaii Reef NA Not Significant Fig. 3., Table 13
Fitzharding & Bailey-Brock 1989 1989 26.1905000 20.7634564 28.0952000 28.2169418 5 3 5 Cover Sessile Invert_Metal Invert_Biogenic Invert N Invertebrates Tunicates 15 x 15cm plates 0.0225 Y Tile Horizontal coralvsmetal Coral Biogenic_coral Biogenic_Metal Biogenic Metal Metal_unclassified Metal_unclassified Metal NA subtidal NA 6.000000 21.275659 -157.749979 Hawaii Kahala, Onahu, Hawaii Reef NA Not Significant Fig. 3., Table 7
Fitzharding & Bailey-Brock 1989 1989 26.1905000 20.7634564 11.9048000 12.2452225 5 3 5 Cover Sessile Invert_Polymer Invert_Biogenic Invert N Invertebrates Tunicates 15 x 15cm plates 0.0225 Y Tile Horizontal coralvstyres Coral Biogenic_coral Biogenic_Polymer Biogenic Rubber Polymer_rubber Polymer_rubber Polymer NA subtidal NA 6.000000 21.275659 -157.749979 Hawaii Kahala, Onahu, Hawaii Reef NA Significant Fig. 3., Table 1
Fitzharding & Bailey-Brock 1989 1989 72.2557000 19.6619693 76.2201000 7.8557540 5 5 5 Cover Sessile Invert_Concrete Invert_Biogenic Invert N Invertebrates Tunicates 15 x 15cm plates 0.0225 Y Tile Horizontal Coralvsconcrete_winter Coral Biogenic_coral Biogenic_Concrete Biogenic Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete NA subtidal NA 6.000000 21.275659 -157.749979 Hawaii Kahala, Onahu, Hawaii Reef NA Not Significant Fig. 3., Table 4
Fitzharding & Bailey-Brock 1989 1989 72.2557000 19.6619693 49.8171000 35.1328765 5 5 5 Cover Sessile Invert_Metal Invert_Biogenic Invert N Invertebrates Tunicates 15 x 15cm plates 0.0225 Y Tile Horizontal coralvsmetal_winter Coral Biogenic_coral Biogenic_Metal Biogenic Metal Metal_unclassified Metal_unclassified Metal NA subtidal NA 6.000000 21.275659 -157.749979 Hawaii Kahala, Onahu, Hawaii Reef NA Not Significant Fig. 3., Table 4
Fitzharding & Bailey-Brock 1989 1989 72.2557000 19.6619693 19.9012000 35.2752245 5 5 5 Cover Sessile Invert_Polymer Invert_Biogenic Invert N Invertebrates Tunicates 15 x 15cm plates 0.0225 Y Tile Horizontal coralvstyres_winter Coral Biogenic_coral Biogenic_Polymer Biogenic Rubber Polymer_rubber Polymer_rubber Polymer NA subtidal NA 6.000000 21.275659 -157.749979 Hawaii Kahala, Onahu, Hawaii Reef NA Significant Fig. 3., Table 4
Fitzharding & Bailey-Brock 1989 1989 0.0000000 0.0000000 0.0000000 0.0000000 5 3 5 Cover Sessile Invert_Concrete Invert_Biogenic Invert N Invertebrates Tunicates 15 x 15cm plates 0.0225 Y Tile Horizontal Coralvsconcrete Coral Biogenic_coral Biogenic_Concrete Biogenic Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete NA subtidal NA 8.000000 21.275659 -157.749979 Hawaii Kahala, Onahu, Hawaii Reef NA Not Significant Fig. 3., Table 12
Fitzharding & Bailey-Brock 1989 1989 0.0000000 0.0000000 0.0000000 0.0000000 5 3 5 Cover Sessile Invert_Metal Invert_Biogenic Invert N Invertebrates Tunicates 15 x 15cm plates 0.0225 Y Tile Horizontal coralvsmetal Coral Biogenic_coral Biogenic_Metal Biogenic Metal Metal_unclassified Metal_unclassified Metal NA subtidal NA 8.000000 21.275659 -157.749979 Hawaii Kahala, Onahu, Hawaii Reef NA Not Significant Fig. 3., Table 6
Fitzharding & Bailey-Brock 1989 1989 0.0000000 0.0000000 0.0000000 0.0000000 5 3 5 Cover Sessile Invert_Polymer Invert_Biogenic Invert N Invertebrates Tunicates 15 x 15cm plates 0.0225 Y Tile Horizontal coralvstyres Coral Biogenic_coral Biogenic_Polymer Biogenic Rubber Polymer_rubber Polymer_rubber Polymer NA subtidal NA 8.000000 21.275659 -157.749979 Hawaii Kahala, Onahu, Hawaii Reef NA Significant Fig. 3., Table 0
Fitzharding & Bailey-Brock 1989 1989 48.0655000 40.2492236 60.1763000 12.7225560 5 5 5 Cover Sessile Invert_Concrete Invert_Biogenic Invert N Invertebrates Tunicates 15 x 15cm plates 0.0225 Y Tile Horizontal Coralvsconcrete_winter Coral Biogenic_coral Biogenic_Concrete Biogenic Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete NA subtidal NA 8.000000 21.275659 -157.749979 Hawaii Kahala, Onahu, Hawaii Reef NA Not Significant Fig. 3., Table 4
Fitzharding & Bailey-Brock 1989 1989 48.0655000 40.2492236 26.0361000 26.1201809 5 5 5 Cover Sessile Invert_Metal Invert_Biogenic Invert N Invertebrates Tunicates 15 x 15cm plates 0.0225 Y Tile Horizontal coralvsmetal_winter Coral Biogenic_coral Biogenic_Metal Biogenic Metal Metal_unclassified Metal_unclassified Metal NA subtidal NA 8.000000 21.275659 -157.749979 Hawaii Kahala, Onahu, Hawaii Reef NA Not Significant Fig. 3., Table 4
Fitzharding & Bailey-Brock 1989 1989 48.0655000 40.2492236 4.3316600 7.7104409 5 5 5 Cover Sessile Invert_Polymer Invert_Biogenic Invert N Invertebrates Tunicates 15 x 15cm plates 0.0225 Y Tile Horizontal coralvstyres_winter Coral Biogenic_coral Biogenic_Polymer Biogenic Rubber Polymer_rubber Polymer_rubber Polymer NA subtidal NA 8.000000 21.275659 -157.749979 Hawaii Kahala, Onahu, Hawaii Reef NA Significant Fig. 3., Table 4
Fitzharding & Bailey-Brock 1989 1989 24.5238000 9.5831165 13.8095000 14.9070602 4 3 4 Cover Sessile Invert_Concrete Invert_Biogenic Invert N Invertebrates Tunicates 15 x 15cm plates 0.0225 Y Tile Horizontal Coralvsconcrete Coral Biogenic_coral Biogenic_Concrete Biogenic Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete NA subtidal NA 12.000000 21.275659 -157.749979 Hawaii Kahala, Onahu, Hawaii Reef NA Not Significant Fig. 3., Table 11
Fitzharding & Bailey-Brock 1989 1989 24.5238000 9.5831165 9.7619000 12.7775185 4 3 4 Cover Sessile Invert_Polymer Invert_Biogenic Invert N Invertebrates Tunicates 15 x 15cm plates 0.0225 Y Tile Horizontal coralvstyres Coral Biogenic_coral Biogenic_Polymer Biogenic Rubber Polymer_rubber Polymer_rubber Polymer NA subtidal NA 12.000000 21.275659 -157.749979 Hawaii Kahala, Onahu, Hawaii Reef NA Significant Fig. 3., Table 1
Fitzharding & Bailey-Brock 1989 1989 24.5238000 9.5831165 5.7142900 7.9859603 4 3 4 Cover Sessile Invert_Metal Invert_Biogenic Invert N Invertebrates Tunicates 15 x 15cm plates 0.0225 Y Tile Horizontal coralvsmetal Coral Biogenic_coral Biogenic_Metal Biogenic Metal Metal_unclassified Metal_unclassified Metal NA subtidal NA 12.000000 21.275659 -157.749979 Hawaii Kahala, Onahu, Hawaii Reef NA Not Significant Fig. 3., Table 5
Fitzharding & Bailey-Brock 1989 1989 56.3760000 7.8450000 61.8700000 20.3372619 4 5 4 Cover Sessile Invert_Concrete Invert_Biogenic Invert N Invertebrates Tunicates 15 x 15cm plates 0.0225 Y Tile Horizontal Coralvsconcrete_winter Coral Biogenic_coral Biogenic_Concrete Biogenic Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete NA subtidal NA 12.000000 21.275659 -157.749979 Hawaii Kahala, Onahu, Hawaii Reef NA Not Significant Fig. 3., Table 4
Fitzharding & Bailey-Brock 1989 1989 56.3760000 7.8450000 38.5473000 16.7222108 4 5 4 Cover Sessile Invert_Metal Invert_Biogenic Invert N Invertebrates Tunicates 15 x 15cm plates 0.0225 Y Tile Horizontal coralvsmetal_winter Coral Biogenic_coral Biogenic_Metal Biogenic Metal Metal_unclassified Metal_unclassified Metal NA subtidal NA 12.000000 21.275659 -157.749979 Hawaii Kahala, Onahu, Hawaii Reef NA Not Significant Fig. 3., Table 4
Fitzharding & Bailey-Brock 1989 1989 56.3760000 7.8450000 34.1283000 34.1684603 4 5 4 Cover Sessile Invert_Polymer Invert_Biogenic Invert N Invertebrates Tunicates 15 x 15cm plates 0.0225 Y Tile Horizontal coralvstyres_winter Coral Biogenic_coral Biogenic_Polymer Biogenic Rubber Polymer_rubber Polymer_rubber Polymer NA subtidal NA 12.000000 21.275659 -157.749979 Hawaii Kahala, Onahu, Hawaii Reef NA Significant Fig. 3., Table 4
Fitzharding & Bailey-Brock 1989 1989 29.7619000 12.2451555 24.0476000 27.1521262 4 3 4 Cover Sessile Invert_Concrete Invert_Biogenic Invert N Invertebrates Tunicates 15 x 15cm plates 0.0225 Y Tile Horizontal Coralvsconcrete Coral Biogenic_coral Biogenic_Concrete Biogenic Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete NA subtidal NA 14.000000 21.275659 -157.749979 Hawaii Kahala, Onahu, Hawaii Reef NA Not Significant Fig. 3., Table 10
Fitzharding & Bailey-Brock 1989 1989 29.7619000 12.2451555 6.1904800 4.2591952 4 3 4 Cover Sessile Invert_Polymer Invert_Biogenic Invert N Invertebrates Tunicates 15 x 15cm plates 0.0225 Y Tile Horizontal coralvstyres Coral Biogenic_coral Biogenic_Polymer Biogenic Rubber Polymer_rubber Polymer_rubber Polymer NA subtidal NA 14.000000 21.275659 -157.749979 Hawaii Kahala, Onahu, Hawaii Reef NA Significant Fig. 3., Table 2
Fitzharding & Bailey-Brock 1989 1989 29.7619000 12.2451555 4.0476200 3.7267874 4 3 4 Cover Sessile Invert_Metal Invert_Biogenic Invert N Invertebrates Tunicates 15 x 15cm plates 0.0225 Y Tile Horizontal coralvsmetal Coral Biogenic_coral Biogenic_Metal Biogenic Metal Metal_unclassified Metal_unclassified Metal NA subtidal NA 14.000000 21.275659 -157.749979 Hawaii Kahala, Onahu, Hawaii Reef NA Not Significant Fig. 3., Table 4
Fitzharding & Bailey-Brock 1989 1989 22.8571000 29.2817574 20.2381000 18.6338253 4 3 4 Cover Sessile Invert_Concrete Invert_Biogenic Invert N Invertebrates Tunicates 15 x 15cm plates 0.0225 Y Tile Horizontal Coralvsconcrete Coral Biogenic_coral Biogenic_Concrete Biogenic Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete NA subtidal Final 18.500000 21.275659 -157.749979 Hawaii Kahala, Onahu, Hawaii Reef NA Not Significant Fig. 3., Table 9
Fitzharding & Bailey-Brock 1989 1989 22.8571000 29.2817574 16.6667000 23.4255401 4 3 4 Cover Sessile Invert_Metal Invert_Biogenic Invert N Invertebrates Tunicates 15 x 15cm plates 0.0225 Y Tile Horizontal coralvsmetal Coral Biogenic_coral Biogenic_Metal Biogenic Metal Metal_unclassified Metal_unclassified Metal NA subtidal Final 18.500000 21.275659 -157.749979 Hawaii Kahala, Onahu, Hawaii Reef NA Not Significant Fig. 3., Table 3
Fitzharding & Bailey-Brock 1989 1989 22.8571000 29.2817574 10.2381000 12.7775409 4 3 4 Cover Sessile Invert_Polymer Invert_Biogenic Invert N Invertebrates Tunicates 15 x 15cm plates 0.0225 Y Tile Horizontal coralvstyres Coral Biogenic_coral Biogenic_Polymer Biogenic Rubber Polymer_rubber Polymer_rubber Polymer NA subtidal Final 18.500000 21.275659 -157.749979 Hawaii Kahala, Onahu, Hawaii Reef NA Significant Fig. 3., Table 3
George et al. JCCO 2015 2015 617.0000000 409.2004399 1513.0000000 572.4334022 5 5 5 Density Sessile Invert_Concrete Invert_Biogenic Invert Y Bivalves Bivalve Crassostrea virginica Crassostrea virginica Crassostrea 9x9cm 1 y trays of equal sized substrate bits Hotizontal trays shellvsconcrete Shell Biogenic_shell unclassified Biogenic_Concrete Biogenic Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete Sub subtidal Final 6.000000 28.21 -96.94 USA Mission-Aransas Estuary, Gulf of Mexico sheltered
  • lower reef
Not measured Table 1
George et al. JCCO 2015 2015 929.0000000 377.8954882 1513.0000000 572.4334022 5 5 5 Density Sessile Invert_Concrete Invert_Rock Invert Y Bivalves Bivalve Crassostrea virginica Crassostrea virginica Crassostrea 9x9cm 1 y trays of equal sized substrate bits Hotizontal trays limestonevsconcrete Limestone Rock_limestone Rock_Concrete Rock Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete Sub subtidal Final 6.000000 28.21 -96.94 USA Mission-Aransas Estuary, Gulf of Mexico sheltered
  • lower reef
Not measured Table 1
George et al. JCCO 2015 2015 1207.0000000 782.6237921 1513.0000000 572.4334022 5 5 5 Density Sessile Invert_Concrete Invert_Rock Invert Y Bivalves Bivalve Crassostrea virginica Crassostrea virginica Crassostrea 9x9cm 1 y trays of equal sized substrate bits Hotizontal trays limestonevsconcrete River Rock Rock_unclassified Rock_Concrete Rock Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete Sub subtidal Final 6.000000 28.21 -96.94 USA Mission-Aransas Estuary, Gulf of Mexico sheltered
  • lower reef
Not measured Table 1
George et al. JCCO 2015 2015 617.0000000 409.2004399 1131.0000000 766.9713163 5 5 5 Density Sessile Invert_Clay Invert_Biogenic Invert Y Bivalves Bivalve Crassostrea virginica Crassostrea virginica Crassostrea 9x9cm 1 y trays of equal sized substrate bits Hotizontal trays shellvsporcelain Shell Biogenic_shell unclassified Biogenic_Clay Biogenic Porcelain Clay Clay_porcelain Clay Sub subtidal Final 6.000000 28.21 -96.94 USA Mission-Aransas Estuary, Gulf of Mexico sheltered
  • lower reef
Not measured Table 1
George et al. JCCO 2015 2015 929.0000000 377.8954882 1131.0000000 766.9713163 5 5 5 Density Sessile Invert_Clay Invert_Rock Invert Y Bivalves Bivalve Crassostrea virginica Crassostrea virginica Crassostrea 9x9cm 1 y trays of equal sized substrate bits Hotizontal trays limestonevsporcelain Limestone Rock_limestone Rock_Clay Rock Porcelain Clay Clay_porcelain Clay Sub subtidal Final 6.000000 28.21 -96.94 USA Mission-Aransas Estuary, Gulf of Mexico sheltered
  • lower reef
Not measured Table 1
George et al. JCCO 2015 2015 1207.0000000 782.6237921 1131.0000000 766.9713163 5 5 5 Density Sessile Invert_Clay Invert_Rock Invert Y Bivalves Bivalve Crassostrea virginica Crassostrea virginica Crassostrea 9x9cm 1 y trays of equal sized substrate bits Hotizontal trays riverrockvsporcelain River Rock Rock_unclassified Rock_Clay Rock Porcelain Clay Clay_porcelain Clay Sub subtidal Final 6.000000 28.21 -96.94 USA Mission-Aransas Estuary, Gulf of Mexico sheltered
  • lower reef
Not measured Table 1
George et al. JCCO 2015 2015 1022.0000000 465.1021393 1242.0000000 505.3513629 5 5 5 Density Sessile Invert_Concrete Invert_Biogenic Invert Y Bivalves Bivalve Crassostrea virginica Crassostrea virginica Crassostrea 9x9cm 1 y trays of equal sized substrate bits Hotizontal trays shellvsconcrete Shell Biogenic_shell unclassified Biogenic_Concrete Biogenic Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete Sub subtidal Final 6.000000 28.21 -96.94 USA Mission-Aransas Estuary, Gulf of Mexico sheltered
  • upper reef
Not measured Table 1
George et al. JCCO 2015 2015 1447.0000000 429.3250517 1242.0000000 505.3513629 5 5 5 Density Sessile Invert_Concrete Invert_Rock Invert Y Bivalves Bivalve Crassostrea virginica Crassostrea virginica Crassostrea 9x9cm 1 y trays of equal sized substrate bits Hotizontal trays limestonevsconcrete Rock Rock_unclassified Rock_Concrete Rock Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete Sub subtidal Final 6.000000 28.21 -96.94 USA Mission-Aransas Estuary, Gulf of Mexico sheltered
  • upper reef
Not measured Table 1
George et al. JCCO 2015 2015 1556.0000000 362.2430124 1242.0000000 505.3513629 5 5 5 Density Sessile Invert_Concrete Invert_Rock Invert Y Bivalves Bivalve Crassostrea virginica Crassostrea virginica Crassostrea 9x9cm 1 y trays of equal sized substrate bits Hotizontal trays riverrockvsporcelain Rock Rock_unclassified Rock_Concrete Rock Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete Sub subtidal Final 6.000000 28.21 -96.94 USA Mission-Aransas Estuary, Gulf of Mexico sheltered
  • upper reef
Not measured Table 1
George et al. JCCO 2015 2015 1022.0000000 465.1021393 891.0000000 93.9148550 5 5 5 Density Sessile Invert_Clay Invert_Biogenic Invert Y Bivalves Bivalve Crassostrea virginica Crassostrea virginica Crassostrea 9x9cm 1 y trays of equal sized substrate bits Hotizontal trays shellvsconcrete Shell Biogenic_shell unclassified Biogenic_Clay Biogenic Porcelain Clay Clay_porcelain Clay Sub subtidal Final 6.000000 28.21 -96.94 USA Mission-Aransas Estuary, Gulf of Mexico sheltered
  • upper reef
Not measured Table 1
George et al. JCCO 2015 2015 1447.0000000 429.3250517 891.0000000 93.9148550 5 5 5 Density Sessile Invert_Clay Invert_Rock Invert Y Bivalves Bivalve Crassostrea virginica Crassostrea virginica Crassostrea 9x9cm 1 y trays of equal sized substrate bits Hotizontal trays limestonevsconcrete Limestone Rock_limestone Rock_Clay Rock Porcelain Clay Clay_porcelain Clay Sub subtidal Final 6.000000 28.21 -96.94 USA Mission-Aransas Estuary, Gulf of Mexico sheltered
  • upper reef
Not measured Table 1
George et al. JCCO 2015 2015 1556.0000000 362.2430124 891.0000000 93.9148550 5 5 5 Density Sessile Invert_Clay Invert_Rock Invert Y Bivalves Bivalve Crassostrea virginica Crassostrea virginica Crassostrea 9x9cm 1 y trays of equal sized substrate bits Hotizontal trays riverrockvsporcelain River Rock Rock_unclassified Rock_Clay Rock Porcelain Clay Clay_porcelain Clay Sub subtidal Final 6.000000 28.21 -96.94 USA Mission-Aransas Estuary, Gulf of Mexico sheltered
  • upper reef
Not measured Table 1
Gilg 2010 2010 0.0360000 0.0111803 0.0200000 0.0089443 10 10 10 Density Sessile Invert_Polymer Invert_Wood Invert Y Bivalves Bivalve P. viridis Perna viridis Perna viridis 9x9cm 0.0001 Y Tile Downward PlexivsWood Wood_pine Wood_pine Wood_Polymer Wood Plexi Polymer_mix Polymer_mix Polymer NA intertidal Final 1.000000 30.4 -81.46 USA Sister’s Creek, Jacksonville, Florida Marina Aug Not Significant Figure 1 Attached facing downwards below floating dock. 1 month deployment and then recovered in each case (new one put out each time)
Gilg 2010 2010 0.0090000 0.0134164 0.0050000 0.0044721 10 10 10 Density Sessile Invert_Polymer Invert_Wood Invert Y Bivalves Bivalve P. viridis Perna viridis Perna viridis 9x9cm 0.0001 Y Tile Downward PlexivsWood Wood_pine Wood_pine Wood_Polymer Wood Plexi Polymer_mix Polymer_mix Polymer NA intertidal Final 1.000000 30.4 -81.46 USA Sister’s Creek, Jacksonville, Florida Marina July Not Significant Figure 1 Attached facing downwards below floating dock. 1 month deployment and then recovered in each case (new one put out each time)
Gilg 2010 2010 0.0070000 0.0044721 0.0110000 0.0111803 10 10 10 Density Sessile Invert_Polymer Invert_Wood Invert Y Bivalves Bivalve M. charruana Mytella charruana Mytella charruana 9x9cm 0.0001 Y Tile Downward PlexivsWood Wood_pine Wood_pine Wood_Polymer Wood Plexi Polymer_mix Polymer_mix Polymer NA intertidal Final 1.000000 30.4 -81.46 USA Sister’s Creek, Jacksonville, Florida Marina July Not Significant Figure 1 Attached facing downwards below floating dock
Gilg 2010 2010 0.0070000 0.0044721 0.0030000 0.0044721 10 10 10 Density Sessile Invert_Clay Invert_Wood Invert Y Bivalves Bivalve M. charruana Mytella charruana Mytella charruana 9x9cm 0.0001 Y Tile Downward TerracottavsWood Wood_pine Wood_pine Wood_Clay Wood Terracotta Clay Clay_unglazed Clay NA intertidal Final 1.000000 30.4 -81.46 USA Sister’s Creek, Jacksonville, Florida Marina July Not Significant Figure 1 Attached facing downwards below floating dock
Gilg 2010 2010 0.0090000 0.0134164 0.0170000 0.0201246 10 10 10 Density Sessile Invert_Clay Invert_Wood Invert Y Bivalves Bivalve M. charruana Mytella charruana Mytella charruana 9x9cm 0.0001 Y Tile Downward TerracottavsWood Wood_pine Wood_pine Wood_Clay Wood Terracotta Clay Clay_unglazed Clay NA intertidal Final 1.000000 30.4 -81.46 USA Sister’s Creek, Jacksonville, Florida Marina Jun Not Significant Figure 1 Attached facing downwards below floating dock
Gilg 2010 2010 0.0090000 0.0134164 0.0120000 0.0089443 10 10 10 Density Sessile Invert_Polymer Invert_Wood Invert Y Bivalves Bivalve M. charruana Mytella charruana Mytella charruana 9x9cm 0.0001 Y Tile Downward PlexivsWood Wood_pine Wood_pine Wood_Polymer Wood Plexi Polymer_mix Polymer_mix Polymer NA intertidal Final 1.000000 30.4 -81.46 USA Sister’s Creek, Jacksonville, Florida Marina Jun Not Significant Figure 1 Attached facing downwards below floating dock
Gilg 2010 2010 0.0330000 0.0223607 0.0270000 0.0022361 10 10 10 Density Sessile Invert_Polymer Invert_Wood Invert Y Bivalves Bivalve P. viridis Perna viridis Perna viridis 9x9cm 0.0001 Y Tile Downward PlexivsWood Wood_pine Wood_pine Wood_Polymer Wood Plexi Polymer_mix Polymer_mix Polymer NA intertidal Final 1.000000 30.4 -81.46 USA Sister’s Creek, Jacksonville, Florida Marina June Not Significant Figure 1 Attached facing downwards below floating dock. 1 month deployment and then recovered in each case (new one put out each time)
Gilg 2010 2010 0.0000000 0.0000000 0.0010000 0.0022361 10 10 10 Density Sessile Invert_Polymer Invert_Wood Invert Y Bivalves Bivalve P. viridis Perna viridis Perna viridis 9x9cm 0.0001 Y Tile Downward PlexivsWood Wood_pine Wood_pine Wood_Polymer Wood Plexi Polymer_mix Polymer_mix Polymer NA intertidal Final 1.000000 30.4 -81.46 USA Sister’s Creek, Jacksonville, Florida Marina Sept Not Significant Figure 1 Attached facing downwards below floating dock. 1 month deployment and then recovered in each case (new one put out each time)
Gilg 2010 2010 0.0140000 0.0178885 0.0150000 0.0089443 10 10 10 Density Sessile Invert_Clay Invert_Wood Invert Y Bivalves Bivalve M. charruana Mytella charruana Mytella charruana 9x9cm 0.0001 Y Tile Downward TerracottavsWood Wood_pine Wood_pine Wood_Clay Wood Terracotta Clay Clay_unglazed Clay NA intertidal Final 1.000000 30.4 -81.46 USA Sister’s Creek, Jacksonville, Florida Marina Sept Not Significant Figure 1 Attached facing downwards below floating dock
Gilg 2010 2010 0.0140000 0.0178885 0.0020000 0.0000000 10 10 10 Density Sessile Invert_Polymer Invert_Wood Invert Y Bivalves Bivalve M. charruana Mytella charruana Mytella charruana 9x9cm 0.0001 Y Tile Downward PlexivsWood Wood_pine Wood_pine Wood_Polymer Wood Plexi Polymer_mix Polymer_mix Polymer NA intertidal Final 1.000000 30.4 -81.46 USA Sister’s Creek, Jacksonville, Florida Marina Sept Not Significant Figure 1 Attached facing downwards below floating dock
Gilg 2010 2010 0.0290000 0.0111803 0.0330000 0.0178885 10 10 10 Density Sessile Invert_Clay Invert_Wood Invert Y Bivalves Bivalve M. charruana Mytella charruana Mytella charruana 9x9cm 0.0001 Y Tile Downward TerracottavsWood Wood_pine Wood_pine Wood_Clay Wood Terracotta Clay Clay_unglazed Clay NA intertidal Final 1.000000 30.4 -81.46 USA Sister’s Creek, Jacksonville, Florida Marina Aug Not Significant Figure 1 Attached facing downwards below floating dock
Gilg 2010 2010 0.0290000 0.0111803 0.0180000 0.0134164 10 10 10 Density Sessile Invert_Polymer Invert_Wood Invert Y Bivalves Bivalve M. charruana Mytella charruana Mytella charruana 9x9cm 0.0001 Y Tile Downward PlexivsWood Wood_pine Wood_pine Wood_Polymer Wood Plexi Polymer_mix Polymer_mix Polymer NA intertidal Final 1.000000 30.4 -81.46 USA Sister’s Creek, Jacksonville, Florida Marina Aug Not Significant Figure 1 Attached facing downwards below floating dock
Gilg 2010 2010 0.0000000 0.0000000 0.0010000 0.0022361 10 10 10 Density Sessile Invert_Clay Invert_Wood Invert Y Bivalves Bivalve P. viridis Perna viridis Perna viridis 9x9cm 0.0001 Y Tile Downward TerracottavsWood Wood_pine Wood_pine Wood_Clay Wood Terracotta Clay Clay_unglazed Clay NA intertidal Final 1.000000 30.4 -81.46 USA Sister’s Creek, Jacksonville, Florida Marina Sept Not Significant Figure 1 Attached facing downwards below floating dock. 1 month deployment and then recovered in each case (new one put out each time)
Gilg 2010 2010 0.0090000 0.0134164 0.0100000 0.0044721 10 10 10 Density Sessile Invert_Clay Invert_Wood Invert Y Bivalves Bivalve P. viridis Perna viridis Perna viridis 9x9cm 0.0001 Y Tile Downward TerracottavsWood Wood_pine Wood_pine Wood_Clay Wood Terracotta Clay Clay_unglazed Clay NA intertidal Final 1.000000 30.4 -81.46 USA Sister’s Creek, Jacksonville, Florida Marina July Not Significant Figure 1 Attached facing downwards below floating dock. 1 month deployment and then recovered in each case (new one put out each time)
Gilg 2010 2010 0.0330000 0.0223607 0.0470000 0.0380132 10 10 10 Density Sessile Invert_Clay Invert_Wood Invert Y Bivalves Bivalve P. viridis Perna viridis Perna viridis 9x9cm 0.0001 Y Tile Downward TerracottavsWood Wood_pine Wood_pine Wood_Clay Wood Terracotta Clay Clay_unglazed Clay NA intertidal Final 1.000000 30.4 -81.46 USA Sister’s Creek, Jacksonville, Florida Marina June Not Significant Figure 1 Attached facing downwards below floating dock. 1 month deployment and then recovered in each case (new one put out each time)
Gilg 2010 2010 0.0360000 0.0111803 0.0470000 0.0178885 10 10 10 Density Sessile Invert_Clay Invert_Wood Invert Y Bivalves Bivalve P. viridis Perna viridis Perna viridis 9x9cm 0.0001 Y Tile Downward TerracottavsWood Wood_pine Wood_pine Wood_Clay Wood Terracotta Clay Clay_unglazed Clay NA intertidal Final 1.000000 30.4 -81.46 USA Sister’s Creek, Jacksonville, Florida Marina Aug Not Significant Figure 1 Attached facing downwards below floating dock. 1 month deployment and then recovered in each case (new one put out each time)
Chapman & Clynick 2006 2006 9.0000000 NA 11.0000000 NA 1 1 1 Richness Fish Fish_Polymer Fish_Rock Fish N Fish all 1.5mx1.5mx0.8m NA Y Reef Mixed (vertical and horizontal) rockvstyre Rock Rock_unclassified Rock_Polymer Rock Rubber Polymer_rubber Polymer_rubber Polymer 6 m subtidal NA 4.000000 -33.85 151.54 Australia Sydney harbour Reef Sheltered Significant Figure6 Replicates - Fish are counted over the whole reef, no quadrats used.. All replicates for each substrate have been summed (not averaged), therefore the replicate for the mean and control in this case is 1. Size of sampled area in m2 - this is NA as the area above each reef was included too.
Vaz-pinto et al 2013 2013 12.2602800 5.8610174 10.2471500 3.0030297 12 12 12 Richness Benthic Benthic_Concrete Benthic_Rock Benthic N Invertebrates (and algae) All 7x7cm 0.0049 Y Tile ConcretevsBassalt Basalt Rock_basalt Rock_Concrete Rock Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete 1m subtidal Final 3.000000 37.7804 25.497 Sao Miguel, Azores Mid-Atlantic Marinas_winter deploy_3 Sheltered Significant Figure2a/b- Winter deployment Added native and non-native species together
Glasby2000 2000 37.3333000 8.9442719 48.0000000 20.8698932 5 5 5 Cover Sessile Invert_Concrete Invert_Rock Invert Y Tube_forming Invertebrates Spirorbids Spirorbides Serpulidae 15x15cm 0.0225 Y Tile vertical Sandstone Rock_sandstone Rock_Concrete Rock Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete 1.5m subtidal Final 7.000000 33.48 151.14 Middle Harbour, Sydney Harbour, Site1 Tasman Sea, Australia reef sheltered 1.5m below MLWS Figure 2 ALL is the sum of all species in fig 2, and the habitat formers from this fig are also reported.
Glasby2000 2000 37.3333000 20.8701169 48.0000000 20.8698932 5 5 5 Cover Sessile Invert_Concrete Invert_Wood Invert Y Tube_forming Invertebrates Spirorbids Spirorbides Serpulidae 15x15cm 0.0225 Y Tile vertical Wood Wood_unclassified Wood_Concrete Wood Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete 1.5m subtidal Final 7.000000 33.48 151.14 Middle Harbour, Sydney Harbour, Site1 Tasman Sea, Australia reef sheltered 1.5m below MLWS Figure 2 ALL is the sum of all species in fig 2, and the habitat formers from this fig are also reported.
Glasby2000 2000 11.3333000 2.9815730 16.6667000 7.4534854 5 5 5 Cover Sessile Invert_Concrete Invert_Rock Invert Y Tube_forming Invertebrates Spirorbids Spirorbides Serpulidae 15x15cm 0.0225 Y Tile horizontal Sandstone Rock_sandstone Rock_Concrete Rock Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete 1.5m subtidal Final 7.000000 33.48 151.14 Middle Harbour, Sydney Harbour, Site1 Tasman Sea, Australia reef sheltered 1.5m below MLWS Figure 2 ALL is the sum of all species in fig 2, and the habitat formers from this fig are also reported.
Glasby2000 2000 38.0000000 4.4721360 16.6667000 7.4534854 5 5 5 Cover Sessile Invert_Concrete Invert_Wood Invert Y Tube_forming Invertebrates Spirorbids Spirorbides Serpulidae 15x15cm 0.0225 Y Tile horizontal Wood Wood_unclassified Wood_Concrete Wood Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete 1.5m subtidal Final 7.000000 33.48 151.14 Middle Harbour, Sydney Harbour, Site1 Tasman Sea, Australia reef sheltered 1.5m below MLWS Figure 2 ALL is the sum of all species in fig 2, and the habitat formers from this fig are also reported.
Glasby2000 2000 17.3333000 7.4537090 40.6667000 17.8885438 5 5 5 Cover Sessile Invert_Concrete Invert_Rock Invert Y Tube_forming Invertebrates Spirorbids Spirorbides Serpulidae 15x15cm 0.0225 Y Tile vertical Sandstone Rock_sandstone Rock_Concrete Rock Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete 1.5m subtidal Final 7.000000 33.48 151.14 Middle Harbour, Sydney Harbour, Site2 Tasman Sea, Australia reef sheltered 1.5m below MLWS Figure 2 ALL is the sum of all species in fig 2, and the habitat formers from this fig are also reported.
Glasby2000 2000 14.0000000 8.9442719 40.6667000 17.8885438 5 5 5 Cover Sessile Invert_Concrete Invert_Wood Invert Y Tube_forming Invertebrates Spirorbids Spirorbides Serpulidae 15x15cm 0.0225 Y Tile vertical Wood Wood_unclassified Wood_Concrete Wood Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete 1.5m subtidal Final 7.000000 33.48 151.14 Middle Harbour, Sydney Harbour, Site2 Tasman Sea, Australia reef sheltered 1.5m below MLWS Figure 2 ALL is the sum of all species in fig 2, and the habitat formers from this fig are also reported.
Glasby2000 2000 7.3333300 2.9814389 16.6666700 7.4535525 5 5 5 Cover Sessile Invert_Concrete Invert_Rock Invert Y Tube_forming Invertebrates Spirorbids Spirorbides Serpulidae 15x15cm 0.0225 Y Tile horizontal Sandstone Rock_sandstone Rock_Concrete Rock Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete 1.5m subtidal Final 7.000000 33.48 151.14 Middle Harbour, Sydney Harbour, Site2 Tasman Sea, Australia reef sheltered 1.5m below MLWS Figure 2 ALL is the sum of all species in fig 2, and the habitat formers from this fig are also reported.
Glasby2000 2000 6.0000000 4.4721360 16.6666700 7.4535525 5 5 5 Cover Sessile Invert_Concrete Invert_Wood Invert Y Tube_forming Invertebrates Spirorbids Spirorbides Serpulidae 15x15cm 0.0225 Y Tile horizontal Wood Wood_unclassified Wood_Concrete Wood Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete 1.5m subtidal Final 7.000000 33.48 151.14 Middle Harbour, Sydney Harbour, Site2 Tasman Sea, Australia reef sheltered 1.5m below MLWS Figure 2 ALL is the sum of all species in fig 2, and the habitat formers from this fig are also reported.
Glasby2000 2000 11.3333000 4.4721360 29.3333000 16.3979809 5 5 5 Cover Sessile Invert_Concrete Invert_Rock Invert Y Tube_forming Invertebrates Spirorbids Spirorbides Serpulidae 15x15cm 0.0225 Y Tile vertical Sandstone Rock_sandstone Rock_Concrete Rock Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete 1.5m subtidal Final 7.000000 33.48 151.14 Middle Harbour, Sydney Harbour, Site3 Tasman Sea, Australia reef sheltered 1.5m below MLWS Figure 2 ALL is the sum of all species in fig 2, and the habitat formers from this fig are also reported.
Glasby2000 2000 15.3333000 11.9258450 29.3333000 16.3979809 5 5 5 Cover Sessile Invert_Concrete Invert_Wood Invert Y Tube_forming Invertebrates Spirorbids Spirorbides Serpulidae 15x15cm 0.0225 Y Tile vertical Wood Wood_unclassified Wood_Concrete Wood Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete 1.5m subtidal Final 7.000000 33.48 151.14 Middle Harbour, Sydney Harbour, Site3 Tasman Sea, Australia reef sheltered 1.5m below MLWS Figure 2 ALL is the sum of all species in fig 2, and the habitat formers from this fig are also reported.
Glasby2000 2000 8.0000000 2.9814165 4.0000000 2.9814165 5 5 5 Cover Sessile Invert_Concrete Invert_Rock Invert Y Tube_forming Invertebrates Spirorbids Spirorbides Serpulidae 15x15cm 0.0225 Y Tile horizontal Sandstone Rock_sandstone Rock_Concrete Rock Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete 1.5m subtidal Final 7.000000 33.48 151.14 Middle Harbour, Sydney Harbour, Site3 Tasman Sea, Australia reef sheltered 1.5m below MLWS Figure 2 ALL is the sum of all species in fig 2, and the habitat formers from this fig are also reported.
Glasby2000 2000 10.0000000 5.9629225 4.0000000 2.9814165 5 5 5 Cover Sessile Invert_Concrete Invert_Wood Invert Y Tube_forming Invertebrates Spirorbids Spirorbides Serpulidae 15x15cm 0.0225 Y Tile horizontal Wood Wood_unclassified Wood_Concrete Wood Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete 1.5m subtidal Final 7.000000 33.48 151.14 Middle Harbour, Sydney Harbour, Site3 Tasman Sea, Australia reef sheltered 1.5m below MLWS Figure 2 ALL is the sum of all species in fig 2, and the habitat formers from this fig are also reported.
Glasby2000 2000 3.3333300 2.9814389 2.0000000 0.0000000 5 5 5 Cover Sessile Invert_Concrete Invert_Rock Invert Y Barnacles Invertebrates Balanus variegatus Amphibalanus variegatus Thoracica 15x15cm 0.0225 Y Tile vertical Sandstone Rock_sandstone Rock_Concrete Rock Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete 1.5m subtidal Final 7.000000 33.48 151.14 Middle Harbour, Sydney Harbour, Site1 Tasman Sea, Australia reef sheltered 1.5m below MLWS Figure 2 ALL is the sum of all species in fig 2, and the habitat formers from this fig are also reported.
Glasby2000 2000 0.6666670 1.4907038 2.0000000 0.0000000 5 5 5 Cover Sessile Invert_Concrete Invert_Wood Invert Y Barnacles Invertebrates Balanus variegatus Amphibalanus variegatus Thoracica 15x15cm 0.0225 Y Tile vertical Wood Wood_unclassified Wood_Concrete Wood Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete 1.5m subtidal Final 7.000000 33.48 151.14 Middle Harbour, Sydney Harbour, Site1 Tasman Sea, Australia reef sheltered 1.5m below MLWS Figure 2 ALL is the sum of all species in fig 2, and the habitat formers from this fig are also reported.
Glasby2000 2000 8.0000000 2.9814165 12.6667000 8.9442719 5 5 5 Cover Sessile Invert_Concrete Invert_Rock Invert Y Barnacles Invertebrates Balanus variegatus Amphibalanus variegatus Thoracica 15x15cm 0.0225 Y Tile horizontal Sandstone Rock_sandstone Rock_Concrete Rock Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete 1.5m subtidal Final 7.000000 33.48 151.14 Middle Harbour, Sydney Harbour, Site1 Tasman Sea, Australia reef sheltered 1.5m below MLWS Figure 2 ALL is the sum of all species in fig 2, and the habitat formers from this fig are also reported.
Glasby2000 2000 4.6666700 2.9814165 12.6667000 8.9442719 5 5 5 Cover Sessile Invert_Concrete Invert_Wood Invert Y Barnacles Invertebrates Balanus variegatus Amphibalanus variegatus Thoracica 15x15cm 0.0225 Y Tile horizontal Wood Wood_unclassified Wood_Concrete Wood Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete 1.5m subtidal Final 7.000000 33.48 151.14 Middle Harbour, Sydney Harbour, Site1 Tasman Sea, Australia reef sheltered 1.5m below MLWS Figure 2 ALL is the sum of all species in fig 2, and the habitat formers from this fig are also reported.
Glasby2000 2000 3.3333300 5.9628554 2.6666700 1.4906971 5 5 5 Cover Sessile Invert_Concrete Invert_Rock Invert Y Barnacles Invertebrates Balanus variegatus Amphibalanus variegatus Thoracica 15x15cm 0.0225 Y Tile vertical Sandstone Rock_sandstone Rock_Concrete Rock Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete 1.5m subtidal Final 7.000000 33.48 151.14 Middle Harbour, Sydney Harbour, Site2 Tasman Sea, Australia reef sheltered 1.5m below MLWS Figure 2 ALL is the sum of all species in fig 2, and the habitat formers from this fig are also reported.
Glasby2000 2000 0.6666670 1.4907038 2.6666700 1.4906971 5 5 5 Cover Sessile Invert_Concrete Invert_Wood Invert Y Barnacles Invertebrates Balanus variegatus Amphibalanus variegatus Thoracica 15x15cm 0.0225 Y Tile vertical Wood Wood_unclassified Wood_Concrete Wood Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete 1.5m subtidal Final 7.000000 33.48 151.14 Middle Harbour, Sydney Harbour, Site2 Tasman Sea, Australia reef sheltered 1.5m below MLWS Figure 2 ALL is the sum of all species in fig 2, and the habitat formers from this fig are also reported.
Glasby2000 2000 6.6666700 2.9814165 11.3333000 14.9071944 5 5 5 Cover Sessile Invert_Concrete Invert_Rock Invert Y Barnacles Invertebrates Balanus variegatus Amphibalanus variegatus Thoracica 15x15cm 0.0225 Y Tile horizontal Sandstone Rock_sandstone Rock_Concrete Rock Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete 1.5m subtidal Final 7.000000 33.48 151.14 Middle Harbour, Sydney Harbour, Site2 Tasman Sea, Australia reef sheltered 1.5m below MLWS Figure 2 ALL is the sum of all species in fig 2, and the habitat formers from this fig are also reported.
Glasby2000 2000 12.0000000 8.9442719 11.3333000 14.9071944 5 5 5 Cover Sessile Invert_Concrete Invert_Wood Invert Y Barnacles Invertebrates Balanus variegatus Amphibalanus variegatus Thoracica 15x15cm 0.0225 Y Tile horizontal Wood Wood_unclassified Wood_Concrete Wood Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete 1.5m subtidal Final 7.000000 33.48 151.14 Middle Harbour, Sydney Harbour, Site2 Tasman Sea, Australia reef sheltered 1.5m below MLWS Figure 2 ALL is the sum of all species in fig 2, and the habitat formers from this fig are also reported.
Glasby2000 2000 17.3333000 10.4350584 10.6667000 13.4164079 5 5 5 Cover Sessile Invert_Concrete Invert_Rock Invert Y Barnacles Invertebrates Balanus variegatus Amphibalanus variegatus Thoracica 15x15cm 0.0225 Y Tile vertical Sandstone Rock_sandstone Rock_Concrete Rock Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete 1.5m subtidal Final 7.000000 33.48 151.14 Middle Harbour, Sydney Harbour, Site3 Tasman Sea, Australia reef sheltered 1.5m below MLWS Figure 2 ALL is the sum of all species in fig 2, and the habitat formers from this fig are also reported.
Glasby2000 2000 4.0000000 4.4721360 10.6667000 13.4164079 5 5 5 Cover Sessile Invert_Concrete Invert_Wood Invert Y Barnacles Invertebrates Balanus variegatus Amphibalanus variegatus Thoracica 15x15cm 0.0225 Y Tile vertical Wood Wood_unclassified Wood_Concrete Wood Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete 1.5m subtidal Final 7.000000 33.48 151.14 Middle Harbour, Sydney Harbour, Site3 Tasman Sea, Australia reef sheltered 1.5m below MLWS Figure 2 ALL is the sum of all species in fig 2, and the habitat formers from this fig are also reported.
Glasby2000 2000 31.3333000 31.3049517 41.3333000 26.8328157 5 5 5 Cover Sessile Invert_Concrete Invert_Rock Invert Y Barnacles Invertebrates Balanus variegatus Amphibalanus variegatus Thoracica 15x15cm 0.0225 Y Tile horizontal Sandstone Rock_sandstone Rock_Concrete Rock Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete 1.5m subtidal Final 7.000000 33.48 151.14 Middle Harbour, Sydney Harbour, Site3 Tasman Sea, Australia reef sheltered 1.5m below MLWS Figure 2 ALL is the sum of all species in fig 2, and the habitat formers from this fig are also reported.
Glasby2000 2000 22.0000000 23.8514663 41.3333000 26.8328157 5 5 5 Cover Sessile Invert_Concrete Invert_Wood Invert Y Barnacles Invertebrates Balanus variegatus Amphibalanus variegatus Thoracica 15x15cm 0.0225 Y Tile horizontal Wood Wood_unclassified Wood_Concrete Wood Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete 1.5m subtidal Final 7.000000 33.48 151.14 Middle Harbour, Sydney Harbour, Site3 Tasman Sea, Australia reef sheltered 1.5m below MLWS Figure 2 ALL is the sum of all species in fig 2, and the habitat formers from this fig are also reported.
Glasby2000 2000 86.3928980 43.9764180 84.9003500 46.5971523 5 5 5 Cover Sessile Sessile_Concrete Sessile_Rock Sessile N Sessile All 15x15cm 0.0225 Y Tile horizontal Sandstone Rock_sandstone Rock_Concrete Rock Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete 1.5m subtidal Final 7.000000 33.48 151.14 Middle Harbour, Sydney Harbour, Site1 Tasman Sea, Australia reef sheltered 1.5m below MLWS - “ALL” is the sum of all species in fig 2, and the habitat formers from this fig are also reported. Figure 2 ALL is the sum of all species in fig 2, and the habitat formers from this fig are also reported.
Glasby2000 2000 98.8021070 42.7171629 123.1111880 70.4613015 5 5 5 Cover Sessile Sessile_Concrete Sessile_Rock Sessile N Sessile All 15x15cm 0.0225 Y Tile horizontal Sandstone Rock_sandstone Rock_Concrete Rock Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete 1.5m subtidal Final 7.000000 33.48 151.14 Middle Harbour, Sydney Harbour, Site2 Tasman Sea, Australia reef sheltered 1.5m below MLWS - “ALL” is the sum of all species in fig 2, and the habitat formers from this fig are also reported. Figure 2 ALL is the sum of all species in fig 2, and the habitat formers from this fig are also reported.
Glasby2000 2000 136.4891100 92.6521251 144.1076530 91.9813651 5 5 5 Cover Sessile Sessile_Concrete Sessile_Rock Sessile N Sessile All 15x15cm 0.0225 Y Tile horizontal Sandstone Rock_sandstone Rock_Concrete Rock Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete 1.5m subtidal Final 7.000000 33.48 151.14 Middle Harbour, Sydney Harbour, Site3 Tasman Sea, Australia reef sheltered 1.5m below MLWS - “ALL” is the sum of all species in fig 2, and the habitat formers from this fig are also reported. Figure 2 ALL is the sum of all species in fig 2, and the habitat formers from this fig are also reported.
Glasby2000 2000 90.0657700 46.4941813 97.0928224 56.7754354 5 5 5 Cover Sessile Sessile_Concrete Sessile_Rock Sessile N Sessile All 15x15cm 0.0225 Y Tile vertical Sandstone Rock_sandstone Rock_Concrete Rock Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete 1.5m subtidal Final 7.000000 33.48 151.14 Middle Harbour, Sydney Harbour, Site1 Tasman Sea, Australia reef sheltered 1.5m below MLWS - “ALL” is the sum of all species in fig 2, and the habitat formers from this fig are also reported. Figure 2 ALL is the sum of all species in fig 2, and the habitat formers from this fig are also reported.
Glasby2000 2000 85.4122827 64.8678944 97.0948570 62.5936159 5 5 5 Cover Sessile Sessile_Concrete Sessile_Rock Sessile N Sessile All 15x15cm 0.0225 Y Tile vertical Sandstone Rock_sandstone Rock_Concrete Rock Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete 1.5m subtidal Final 7.000000 33.48 151.14 Middle Harbour, Sydney Harbour, Site2 Tasman Sea, Australia reef sheltered 1.5m below MLWS - “ALL” is the sum of all species in fig 2, and the habitat formers from this fig are also reported. Figure 2 ALL is the sum of all species in fig 2, and the habitat formers from this fig are also reported.
Glasby2000 2000 129.1427480 66.3990145 125.6408370 81.3896455 5 5 5 Cover Sessile Sessile_Concrete Sessile_Rock Sessile N Sessile All 15x15cm 0.0225 Y Tile vertical Sandstone Rock_sandstone Rock_Concrete Rock Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete 1.5m subtidal Final 7.000000 33.48 151.14 Middle Harbour, Sydney Harbour, Site3 Tasman Sea, Australia reef sheltered 1.5m below MLWS - “ALL” is the sum of all species in fig 2, and the habitat formers from this fig are also reported. Figure 2 ALL is the sum of all species in fig 2, and the habitat formers from this fig are also reported.
Glasby2000 2000 73.9952380 31.4917707 84.9003500 46.5971523 5 5 5 Cover Sessile Sessile_Concrete Sessile_Wood Sessile N Sessile All 15x15cm 0.0225 Y Tile horizontal Wood Wood_unclassified Wood_Concrete Wood Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete 1.5m subtidal Final 7.000000 33.48 151.14 Middle Harbour, Sydney Harbour, Site1 Tasman Sea, Australia reef sheltered 1.5m below MLWS - “ALL” is the sum of all species in fig 2, and the habitat formers from this fig are also reported. Figure 2 ALL is the sum of all species in fig 2, and the habitat formers from this fig are also reported.
Glasby2000 2000 75.8151180 40.9244446 123.1111880 70.4613015 5 5 5 Cover Sessile Sessile_Concrete Sessile_Wood Sessile N Sessile All 15x15cm 0.0225 Y Tile horizontal Wood Wood_unclassified Wood_Concrete Wood Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete 1.5m subtidal Final 7.000000 33.48 151.14 Middle Harbour, Sydney Harbour, Site2 Tasman Sea, Australia reef sheltered 1.5m below MLWS - “ALL” is the sum of all species in fig 2, and the habitat formers from this fig are also reported. Figure 2 ALL is the sum of all species in fig 2, and the habitat formers from this fig are also reported.
Glasby2000 2000 94.8526800 77.2021029 144.1076530 91.9813651 5 5 5 Cover Sessile Sessile_Concrete Sessile_Wood Sessile N Sessile All 15x15cm 0.0225 Y Tile horizontal Wood Wood_unclassified Wood_Concrete Wood Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete 1.5m subtidal Final 7.000000 33.48 151.14 Middle Harbour, Sydney Harbour, Site3 Tasman Sea, Australia reef sheltered 1.5m below MLWS - “ALL” is the sum of all species in fig 2, and the habitat formers from this fig are also reported. Figure 2 ALL is the sum of all species in fig 2, and the habitat formers from this fig are also reported.
Glasby2000 2000 87.6469200 65.4302403 97.0928224 56.7754354 5 5 5 Cover Sessile Sessile_Concrete Sessile_Wood Sessile N Sessile All 15x15cm 0.0225 Y Tile vertical Wood Wood_unclassified Wood_Concrete Wood Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete 1.5m subtidal Final 7.000000 33.48 151.14 Middle Harbour, Sydney Harbour, Site1 Tasman Sea, Australia reef sheltered 1.5m below MLWS - “ALL” is the sum of all species in fig 2, and the habitat formers from this fig are also reported. Figure 2 ALL is the sum of all species in fig 2, and the habitat formers from this fig are also reported.
Glasby2000 2000 71.6764167 56.9621576 97.0948570 62.5936159 5 5 5 Cover Sessile Sessile_Concrete Sessile_Wood Sessile N Sessile All 15x15cm 0.0225 Y Tile vertical Wood Wood_unclassified Wood_Concrete Wood Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete 1.5m subtidal Final 7.000000 33.48 151.14 Middle Harbour, Sydney Harbour, Site2 Tasman Sea, Australia reef sheltered 1.5m below MLWS - “ALL” is the sum of all species in fig 2, and the habitat formers from this fig are also reported. Figure 2 ALL is the sum of all species in fig 2, and the habitat formers from this fig are also reported.
Glasby2000 2000 111.2486600 79.0126471 125.6408370 81.3896455 5 5 5 Cover Sessile Sessile_Concrete Sessile_Wood Sessile N Sessile All 15x15cm 0.0225 Y Tile vertical Wood Wood_unclassified Wood_Concrete Wood Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete 1.5m subtidal Final 7.000000 33.48 151.14 Middle Harbour, Sydney Harbour, Site3 Tasman Sea, Australia reef sheltered 1.5m below MLWS - “ALL” is the sum of all species in fig 2, and the habitat formers from this fig are also reported. Figure 2 ALL is the sum of all species in fig 2, and the habitat formers from this fig are also reported.
Graham et al 2016 2016 8.3790000 NA 13.4260000 NA 18 18 18 Cover Sessile Invert_Concrete Invert_Rock Invert Y Barnacles Barnacles Balanus Thoracica Thoracica 12.7x15.2cm vs 7.6x10.2cm 0.15 Y mounds Horizontal ConcretevsRiverRock River Rock Rock_unclassified Rock_Concrete Rock Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete Sub subtidal Final 15.000000 28.06 -97 USA Mission-Aransas Estuary, Gulf of Mexico sheltered Not Significant Figure 3
Graham et al 2016 2016 11.3650000 NA 13.4260000 NA 18 18 18 Cover Sessile Invert_Concrete Invert_Rock Invert Y Barnacles Barnacles Balanus Thoracica Thoracica 12.7x15.2cm vs 7.6x10.2cm 0.15 Y mounds Horizontal ConcretevsLimestone Limestone Rock_limestone Rock_Concrete Rock Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete Sub subtidal Final 15.000000 28.06 -97 USA Mission-Aransas Estuary, Gulf of Mexico sheltered Not Significant Figure 3
Graham et al 2016 2016 15.6790000 NA 13.4260000 NA 18 18 18 Cover Sessile Invert_Concrete Invert_Biogenic Invert Y Barnacles Barnacles Balanus Thoracica Thoracica 12.7x15.2cm vs 7.6x10.2cm 0.15 Y mounds Horizontal ConcretevsShell Shell Biogenic_shell unclassified Biogenic_Concrete Biogenic Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete Sub subtidal Final 15.000000 28.06 -97 USA Mission-Aransas Estuary, Gulf of Mexico sheltered Not Significant Figure 3 Can get SD from a boxplot by taking the range/4.
Graham et al 2016 2016 0.3110000 NA 0.5620000 NA 18 18 18 Cover Sessile Invert_Concrete Invert_Rock Invert Y Bivalves Bivalve C. viriginica Crassostrea virginica Crassostrea 12.7x15.2cm vs 7.6x10.2cm 0.15 Y mounds Horizontal ConcretevsRiverRock River Rock Rock_unclassified Rock_Concrete Rock Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete Sub subtidal Final 15.000000 28.06 -97 USA Mission-Aransas Estuary, Gulf of Mexico sheltered Significant Figure 3
Graham et al 2016 2016 0.4570000 NA 0.5620000 NA 18 18 18 Cover Sessile Invert_Concrete Invert_Biogenic Invert Y Bivalves Bivalve C. viriginica Crassostrea virginica Crassostrea 12.7x15.2cm vs 7.6x10.2cm 0.15 Y mounds Horizontal ConcretevsShell Shell Biogenic_shell unclassified Biogenic_Concrete Biogenic Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete Sub subtidal Final 15.000000 28.06 -97 USA Mission-Aransas Estuary, Gulf of Mexico sheltered Not Significant Figure 3
Graham et al 2016 2016 0.5370000 NA 0.5620000 NA 18 18 18 Cover Sessile Invert_Concrete Invert_Rock Invert Y Bivalves Bivalve C. viriginica Crassostrea virginica Crassostrea 12.7x15.2cm vs 7.6x10.2cm 0.15 Y mounds Horizontal ConcretevsLimestone Limestone Rock_limestone Rock_Concrete Rock Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete Sub subtidal Final 15.000000 28.06 -97 USA Mission-Aransas Estuary, Gulf of Mexico sheltered Not Significant Figure 3
Graham et al 2016 2016 22.8640000 NA 30.9440000 NA 18 18 18 Density Sessile Invert_Concrete Invert_Rock Invert Y Bivalves Bivalve All Oysters Crassostrea Crassostrea 12.7x15.2cm vs 7.6x10.2cm 0.15 Y mounds Horizontal ConcretevsRiverRock River Rock Rock_unclassified Rock_Concrete Rock Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete Sub subtidal Final 15.000000 28.06 -97 USA Mission-Aransas Estuary, Gulf of Mexico sheltered Significant Apendix S1.1.1
Graham et al 2016 2016 25.1610000 NA 30.9440000 NA 18 18 18 Density Sessile Invert_Concrete Invert_Biogenic Invert Y Bivalves Bivalve All Oysters Crassostrea Crassostrea 12.7x15.2cm vs 7.6x10.2cm 0.15 Y mounds Horizontal ConcretevsShell Shell Biogenic_shell unclassified Biogenic_Concrete Biogenic Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete Sub subtidal Final 15.000000 28.06 -97 USA Mission-Aransas Estuary, Gulf of Mexico sheltered Significant Apendix S1.1.1
Graham et al 2016 2016 29.0440000 NA 30.9440000 NA 18 18 18 Density Sessile Invert_Concrete Invert_Rock Invert Y Bivalves Bivalve All Oysters Crassostrea Crassostrea 12.7x15.2cm vs 7.6x10.2cm 0.15 Y mounds Horizontal ConcretevsLimestone Limestone Rock_limestone Rock_Concrete Rock Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete Sub subtidal Final 15.000000 28.06 -97 USA Mission-Aransas Estuary, Gulf of Mexico sheltered Not Significant Apendix S1.1.1
Graham et al 2016 2016 556.5900000 NA 895.0800000 NA 18 18 18 Density Sessile Invert_Concrete Invert_Rock Invert Y Bivalves Bivalve Oyster Spat Crassostrea Crassostrea 12.7x15.2cm vs 7.6x10.2cm 0.15 Y mounds Horizontal ConcretevsRiverRock River Rock Rock_unclassified Rock_Concrete Rock Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete Sub subtidal Final 15.000000 28.06 -97 USA Mission-Aransas Estuary, Gulf of Mexico sheltered NS Appendix S1.1.2
Graham et al 2016 2016 754.9100000 NA 895.0800000 NA 18 18 18 Density Sessile Invert_Concrete Invert_Biogenic Invert Y Bivalves Bivalve Oyster Spat Crassostrea Crassostrea 12.7x15.2cm vs 7.6x10.2cm 0.15 Y mounds Horizontal ConcretevsShell Shell Biogenic_shell unclassified Biogenic_Concrete Biogenic Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete Sub subtidal Final 15.000000 28.06 -97 USA Mission-Aransas Estuary, Gulf of Mexico sheltered S Appendix S1.1.2
Graham et al 2016 2016 840.6700000 NA 895.0800000 NA 18 18 18 Density Sessile Invert_Concrete Invert_Rock Invert Y Bivalves Bivalve Oyster Spat Crassostrea Crassostrea 12.7x15.2cm vs 7.6x10.2cm 0.15 Y mounds Horizontal ConcretevsLimestone Limestone Rock_limestone Rock_Concrete Rock Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete Sub subtidal Final 15.000000 28.06 -97 USA Mission-Aransas Estuary, Gulf of Mexico sheltered S Appendix S1.1.2
Graham et al 2016 2016 2.9070000 NA 2.5150000 NA 18 18 18 Density Fish Fish_Concrete Fish_Rock Fish N Fish ALL 12.7x15.2cm vs 7.6x10.2cm 1 Y mounds Horizontal ConcretevsRiverRock River Rock Rock_unclassified Rock_Concrete Rock Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete Sub subtidal Final 15.000000 28.06 -97 USA Mission-Aransas Estuary, Gulf of Mexico sheltered NS Figure 5
Graham et al 2016 2016 4.5500000 NA 2.5150000 NA 18 18 18 Density Fish Fish_Concrete Fish_Rock Fish N Fish All 12.7x15.2cm vs 7.6x10.2cm 1 Y mounds Horizontal ConcretevsLimestone Limestone Rock_limestone Rock_Concrete Rock Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete Sub subtidal Final 15.000000 28.06 -97 USA Mission-Aransas Estuary, Gulf of Mexico sheltered S Figure 5
Graham et al 2016 2016 5.4640000 NA 2.5150000 NA 18 18 18 Density Fish Fish_Concrete Fish_Biogenic Fish N Fish All 12.7x15.2cm vs 7.6x10.2cm 1 Y mounds Horizontal ConcretevsShell Shell Biogenic_shell unclassified Biogenic_Concrete Biogenic Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete Sub subtidal Final 15.000000 28.06 -97 USA Mission-Aransas Estuary, Gulf of Mexico sheltered S Figure 5
Graham et al 2016 2016 4.3760000 NA 5.4680000 NA 18 18 18 Cover Sessile Invert_Concrete Invert_Rock Invert Y Tube_forming Tube-forming Serpulids Serpulidae Serpulidae 12.7x15.2cm vs 7.6x10.2cm 0.15 Y mounds Horizontal ConcretevsRiverRock River Rock Rock_unclassified Rock_Concrete Rock Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete Sub subtidal Final 15.000000 28.06 -97 USA Mission-Aransas Estuary, Gulf of Mexico sheltered Not Significant Figure 3 table 1 - could add mobile invertebrates.. And fish. Mean density /m2
Graham et al 2016 2016 6.3350000 NA 5.4680000 NA 18 18 18 Cover Sessile Invert_Concrete Invert_Rock Invert Y Tube_forming Tube-forming Serpulids Serpulidae Serpulidae 12.7x15.2cm vs 7.6x10.2cm 0.15 Y mounds Horizontal ConcretevsLimestone Limestone Rock_limestone Rock_Concrete Rock Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete Sub subtidal Final 15.000000 28.06 -97 USA Mission-Aransas Estuary, Gulf of Mexico sheltered Not Significant Figure 3
Graham et al 2016 2016 6.8210000 NA 5.4680000 NA 18 18 18 Cover Sessile Invert_Concrete Invert_Biogenic Invert Y Tube_forming Tube-forming Serpulids Serpulidae Serpulidae 12.7x15.2cm vs 7.6x10.2cm 0.15 Y mounds Horizontal ConcretevsShell Shell Biogenic_shell unclassified Biogenic_Concrete Biogenic Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete Sub subtidal Final 15.000000 28.06 -97 USA Mission-Aransas Estuary, Gulf of Mexico sheltered Not Significant Figure 3
Guarnieri et al 2009 2009 5.5292500 3.5095311 8.1927200 5.9662319 10 10 10 Cover Sessile Algae_Concrete Algae_Rock Algae Y Canopy_Algae Algae ALL Chlorophyta Chlorophyta 15x10x3cm 0.015 Y Tile granitevsconcrete Granite Rock_granite Rock_Concrete Rock Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete 5m subtidal NA 3.000000 40.121 17.5506 Site 2 Porto Cesaro, Italy Mediterranean Rocky subtidal Exposed Significant Fig 3A
Guarnieri et al 2009 2009 7.8882100 2.8076070 8.1927200 5.9662319 10 10 10 Cover Sessile Algae_Concrete Algae_Rock Algae Y Canopy_Algae Algae ALL Chlorophyta Chlorophyta 15x10x3cm 0.015 Y Tile sandstonevsconcrete Sandstone Rock_sandstone Rock_Concrete Rock Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete 5m subtidal NA 3.000000 40.121 17.5506 Site 2 Porto Cesaro, Italy Mediterranean Rocky subtidal Exposed Significant Fig 3A
Guarnieri et al 2009 2009 12.6259000 8.4228209 15.4411000 7.7209191 10 10 10 Cover Sessile Algae_Concrete Algae_Rock Algae Y Canopy_Algae Algae ALL Chlorophyta Chlorophyta 15x10x3cm 0.015 Y Tile sandstonevsconcrete Sandstone Rock_sandstone Rock_Concrete Rock Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete 5m subtidal NA 3.000000 40.0821 18.303 Site 1 Otranto , Italy Mediterranean Rocky subtidal Exposed Significant Fig 3A
Guarnieri et al 2009 2009 15.8786000 8.4228209 8.1927200 5.9662319 10 10 10 Cover Sessile Algae_Concrete Algae_Rock Algae Y Canopy_Algae Algae ALL Chlorophyta Chlorophyta 15x10x3cm 0.015 Y Tile limestonevsconcrete Limestone Rock_limestone Rock_Concrete Rock Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete 5m subtidal NA 3.000000 40.121 17.5506 Site 2 Porto Cesaro, Italy Mediterranean Rocky subtidal Exposed Significant Fig 3A
Guarnieri et al 2009 2009 16.1826000 10.8795887 24.3347000 15.4418382 10 10 10 Cover Sessile Algae_Concrete Algae_Rock Algae Y Canopy_Algae Algae ALL Chlorophyta Chlorophyta 15x10x3cm 0.015 Y Tile sandstonevsconcrete Sandstone Rock_sandstone Rock_Concrete Rock Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete 5m subtidal NA 3.000000 40.121 17.5506 Site 1 Porto Cesaro, Italy Mediterranean Rocky subtidal Exposed Significant Fig 3A
Guarnieri et al 2009 2009 21.5048000 9.4757853 24.3347000 15.4418382 10 10 10 Cover Sessile Algae_Concrete Algae_Rock Algae Y Canopy_Algae Algae ALL Chlorophyta Chlorophyta 15x10x3cm 0.015 Y Tile limestonevsconcrete Limestone Rock_limestone Rock_Concrete Rock Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete 5m subtidal NA 3.000000 40.121 17.5506 Site 1 Porto Cesaro, Italy Mediterranean Rocky subtidal Exposed Significant Fig 3A
Guarnieri et al 2009 2009 22.4992000 9.8266243 15.4411000 7.7209191 10 10 10 Cover Sessile Algae_Concrete Algae_Rock Algae Y Canopy_Algae Algae ALL Chlorophyta Chlorophyta 15x10x3cm 0.015 Y Tile limestonevsconcrete Limestone Rock_limestone Rock_Concrete Rock Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete 5m subtidal NA 3.000000 40.0821 18.303 Site 1 Otranto , Italy Mediterranean Rocky subtidal Exposed Significant Fig 3A
Guarnieri et al 2009 2009 23.9217000 10.8795887 15.4411000 7.7209191 10 10 10 Cover Sessile Algae_Concrete Algae_Rock Algae Y Canopy_Algae Algae ALL Chlorophyta Chlorophyta 15x10x3cm 0.015 Y Tile granitevsconcrete Granite Rock_granite Rock_Concrete Rock Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete 5m subtidal NA 3.000000 40.0821 18.303 Site 1 Otranto , Italy Mediterranean Rocky subtidal Exposed Significant Fig 3A
Guarnieri et al 2009 2009 98.9989000 59.6607533 24.3347000 15.4418382 10 10 10 Cover Sessile Algae_Concrete Algae_Rock Algae Y Canopy_Algae Algae ALL Chlorophyta Chlorophyta 15x10x3cm 0.015 Y Tile granitevsconcrete Granite Rock_granite Rock_Concrete Rock Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete 5m subtidal NA 3.000000 40.121 17.5506 Site 1 Porto Cesaro, Italy Mediterranean Rocky subtidal Exposed Significant Fig 3A
Guarnieri et al 2009 2009 0.0000000 0.0000000 7.3109800 3.5095311 5 5 5 Cover Sessile Algae_Concrete Algae_Rock Algae N Algae Green Filamentous spp 15x10x3cm 0.0126 Y Tile granitevsconcrete Granite Rock_granite Rock_Concrete Rock Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete 5m subtidal Final 9.000000 40.0821 18.303 Site 2 Otranto , Italy Mediterranean Rocky subtidal Exposed Significant Fig 3A Grazers in background substrate (sea urchins) - removed. 9cm x 14cm of each tile considered for counts.
Guarnieri et al 2009 2009 0.0000000 0.0000000 2.7354300 3.5095087 5 5 5 Cover Sessile Algae_Concrete Algae_Rock Algae N Algae Green Filamentous spp 15x10x3cm 0.0126 Y Tile granitevsconcrete Granite Rock_granite Rock_Concrete Rock Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete 5m subtidal Final 9.000000 40.0821 18.303 Site 1 Otranto , Italy Mediterranean Rocky subtidal Exposed Significant Fig 3A Grazers in background substrate (sea urchins) - removed. 9cm x 14cm of each tile considered for counts.
Guarnieri et al 2009 2009 0.1762440 0.0000000 0.1715510 0.0000000 5 5 5 Cover Sessile Algae_Concrete Algae_Rock Algae N Algae Green Filamentous spp 15x10x3cm 0.0126 Y Tile granitevsconcrete Granite Rock_granite Rock_Concrete Rock Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete 5m subtidal Final 9.000000 40.121 17.5506 Site 1 Porto Cesaro, Italy Mediterranean Rocky subtidal Exposed Significant Fig 3A Grazers in background substrate (sea urchins) - removed. 9cm x 14cm of each tile considered for counts.
Guarnieri et al 2009 2009 0.4802380 0.3509509 0.1715510 0.0000000 5 5 5 Cover Sessile Algae_Concrete Algae_Rock Algae N Algae Green Filamentous spp 15x10x3cm 0.0126 Y Tile limestonevsconcrete Limestone Rock_limestone Rock_Concrete Rock Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete 5m subtidal Final 9.000000 40.121 17.5506 Site 1 Porto Cesaro, Italy Mediterranean Rocky subtidal Exposed Significant Fig 3A Grazers in background substrate (sea urchins) - removed. 9cm x 14cm of each tile considered for counts.
Guarnieri et al 2009 2009 0.4948380 0.0000000 0.1715510 0.0000000 5 5 5 Cover Sessile Algae_Concrete Algae_Rock Algae N Algae Green Filamentous spp 15x10x3cm 0.0126 Y Tile sandstonevsconcrete Sandstone Rock_sandstone Rock_Concrete Rock Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete 5m subtidal Final 9.000000 40.121 17.5506 Site 1 Porto Cesaro, Italy Mediterranean Rocky subtidal Exposed Significant Fig 3A Grazers in background substrate (sea urchins) - removed. 9cm x 14cm of each tile considered for counts.
Guarnieri et al 2009 2009 1.3854400 1.0528526 0.5907810 1.7547521 5 5 5 Cover Sessile Algae_Concrete Algae_Rock Algae N Algae Green Filamentous spp 15x10x3cm 0.0126 Y Tile sandstonevsconcrete Sandstone Rock_sandstone Rock_Concrete Rock Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete 5m subtidal Final 9.000000 40.4302 17.4758 Site 1 Guaceto, Italy Mediterranean Rocky subtidal Exposed Significant Fig 3A Grazers in background substrate (sea urchins) - removed. 9cm x 14cm of each tile considered for counts.
Guarnieri et al 2009 2009 1.5377000 0.7019017 0.5907810 1.7547521 5 5 5 Cover Sessile Algae_Concrete Algae_Rock Algae N Algae Green Filamentous spp 15x10x3cm 0.0126 Y Tile granitevsconcrete Granite Rock_granite Rock_Concrete Rock Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete 5m subtidal Final 9.000000 40.4302 17.4758 Site 1 Guaceto, Italy Mediterranean Rocky subtidal Exposed Significant Fig 3A Grazers in background substrate (sea urchins) - removed. 9cm x 14cm of each tile considered for counts.
Guarnieri et al 2009 2009 1.5663800 1.7547543 0.0000000 0.0000000 5 5 5 Cover Sessile Algae_Concrete Algae_Rock Algae N Algae Green Filamentous spp 15x10x3cm 0.0126 Y Tile sandstonevsconcrete Sandstone Rock_sandstone Rock_Concrete Rock Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete 5m subtidal Final 9.000000 40.4302 17.4758 Site 2 Guaceto, Italy Mediterranean Rocky subtidal Exposed Significant Fig 3A Grazers in background substrate (sea urchins) - removed. 9cm x 14cm of each tile considered for counts.
Guarnieri et al 2009 2009 2.5591800 1.7547767 6.0027100 1.4038035 5 5 5 Cover Sessile Algae_Concrete Algae_Rock Algae N Algae Green Filamentous spp 15x10x3cm 0.0126 Y Tile sandstonevsconcrete Sandstone Rock_sandstone Rock_Concrete Rock Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete 5m subtidal Final 9.000000 40.121 17.5506 Site 2 Porto Cesaro, Italy Mediterranean Rocky subtidal Exposed Significant Fig 3A Grazers in background substrate (sea urchins) - removed. 9cm x 14cm of each tile considered for counts.
Guarnieri et al 2009 2009 3.3387200 2.1057276 6.0027100 1.4038035 5 5 5 Cover Sessile Algae_Concrete Algae_Rock Algae N Algae Green Filamentous spp 15x10x3cm 0.0126 Y Tile granitevsconcrete Granite Rock_granite Rock_Concrete Rock Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete 5m subtidal Final 9.000000 40.121 17.5506 Site 2 Porto Cesaro, Italy Mediterranean Rocky subtidal Exposed Significant Fig 3A Grazers in background substrate (sea urchins) - removed. 9cm x 14cm of each tile considered for counts.
Guarnieri et al 2009 2009 4.2710400 1.4038035 6.0027100 1.4038035 5 5 5 Cover Sessile Algae_Concrete Algae_Rock Algae N Algae Green Filamentous spp 15x10x3cm 0.0126 Y Tile limestonevsconcrete Limestone Rock_limestone Rock_Concrete Rock Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete 5m subtidal Final 9.000000 40.121 17.5506 Site 2 Porto Cesaro, Italy Mediterranean Rocky subtidal Exposed Significant Fig 3A Grazers in background substrate (sea urchins) - removed. 9cm x 14cm of each tile considered for counts.
Guarnieri et al 2009 2009 4.3143200 3.5095311 2.7354300 3.5095087 5 5 5 Cover Sessile Algae_Concrete Algae_Rock Algae N Algae Green Filamentous spp 15x10x3cm 0.0126 Y Tile sandstonevsconcrete Sandstone Rock_sandstone Rock_Concrete Rock Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete 5m subtidal Final 9.000000 40.0821 18.303 Site 1 Otranto , Italy Mediterranean Rocky subtidal Exposed Significant Fig 3A Grazers in background substrate (sea urchins) - removed. 9cm x 14cm of each tile considered for counts.
Guarnieri et al 2009 2009 6.2363100 1.4038258 0.5907810 1.7547521 5 5 5 Cover Sessile Algae_Concrete Algae_Rock Algae N Algae Green Filamentous spp 15x10x3cm 0.0126 Y Tile limestonevsconcrete Limestone Rock_limestone Rock_Concrete Rock Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete 5m subtidal Final 9.000000 40.4302 17.4758 Site 1 Guaceto, Italy Mediterranean Rocky subtidal Exposed Significant Fig 3A Grazers in background substrate (sea urchins) - removed. 9cm x 14cm of each tile considered for counts.
Guarnieri et al 2009 2009 6.7316700 1.4038035 0.0000000 0.0000000 5 5 5 Cover Sessile Algae_Concrete Algae_Rock Algae N Algae Green Filamentous spp 15x10x3cm 0.0126 Y Tile limestonevsconcrete Limestone Rock_limestone Rock_Concrete Rock Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete 5m subtidal Final 9.000000 40.4302 17.4758 Site 2 Guaceto, Italy Mediterranean Rocky subtidal Exposed Significant Fig 3A Grazers in background substrate (sea urchins) - removed. 9cm x 14cm of each tile considered for counts.
Guarnieri et al 2009 2009 6.7389700 5.2642854 25.2498000 12.6342313 10 10 10 Cover Sessile Algae_Concrete Algae_Rock Algae N Algae ALL 15x10x3cm 0.015 Y Tile sandstonevsconcrete Sandstone Rock_sandstone Rock_Concrete Rock Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete 5m subtidal NA 3.000000 40.4302 17.4758 Site 2 Guaceto, Italy Mediterranean Rocky subtidal Exposed Significant Fig 3A
Guarnieri et al 2009 2009 7.8397100 2.4566784 0.0000000 0.0000000 5 5 5 Cover Sessile Algae_Concrete Algae_Rock Algae N Algae Green Filamentous spp 15x10x3cm 0.0126 Y Tile granitevsconcrete Granite Rock_granite Rock_Concrete Rock Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete 5m subtidal Final 9.000000 40.4302 17.4758 Site 2 Guaceto, Italy Mediterranean Rocky subtidal Exposed Significant Fig 3A Grazers in background substrate (sea urchins) - removed. 9cm x 14cm of each tile considered for counts.
Guarnieri et al 2009 2009 8.7329200 4.2113657 7.3109800 3.5095311 5 5 5 Cover Sessile Algae_Concrete Algae_Rock Algae N Algae Green Filamentous spp 15x10x3cm 0.0126 Y Tile sandstonevsconcrete Sandstone Rock_sandstone Rock_Concrete Rock Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete 5m subtidal Final 9.000000 40.0821 18.303 Site 2 Otranto , Italy Mediterranean Rocky subtidal Exposed Significant Fig 3A Grazers in background substrate (sea urchins) - removed. 9cm x 14cm of each tile considered for counts.
Guarnieri et al 2009 2009 10.5783000 4.5622495 2.7354300 3.5095087 5 5 5 Cover Sessile Algae_Concrete Algae_Rock Algae N Algae Green Filamentous spp 15x10x3cm 0.0126 Y Tile limestonevsconcrete Limestone Rock_limestone Rock_Concrete Rock Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete 5m subtidal Final 9.000000 40.0821 18.303 Site 1 Otranto , Italy Mediterranean Rocky subtidal Exposed Significant Fig 3A Grazers in background substrate (sea urchins) - removed. 9cm x 14cm of each tile considered for counts.
Guarnieri et al 2009 2009 12.9930000 4.2114104 7.9606800 3.5095311 10 10 10 Cover Sessile Algae_Concrete Algae_Rock Algae N Algae ALL 15x10x3cm 0.015 Y Tile sandstonevsconcrete Sandstone Rock_sandstone Rock_Concrete Rock Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete 5m subtidal NA 3.000000 40.4302 17.4758 Site 1 Guaceto, Italy Mediterranean Rocky subtidal Exposed Significant Fig 3A
Guarnieri et al 2009 2009 13.6401000 6.3171156 25.2498000 12.6342313 10 10 10 Cover Sessile Algae_Concrete Algae_Rock Algae N Algae ALL 15x10x3cm 0.015 Y Tile granitevsconcrete Granite Rock_granite Rock_Concrete Rock Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete 5m subtidal NA 3.000000 40.4302 17.4758 Site 2 Guaceto, Italy Mediterranean Rocky subtidal Exposed Significant Fig 3A
Guarnieri et al 2009 2009 13.7486000 8.4228209 20.8014000 8.7738835 10 10 10 Cover Sessile Algae_Concrete Algae_Rock Algae N Algae ALL 15x10x3cm 0.015 Y Tile sandstonevsconcrete Sandstone Rock_sandstone Rock_Concrete Rock Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete 5m subtidal NA 3.000000 40.0821 18.303 Site 2 Otranto , Italy Mediterranean Rocky subtidal Exposed Significant Fig 3A
Guarnieri et al 2009 2009 14.7148000 4.9133122 7.9606800 3.5095311 10 10 10 Cover Sessile Algae_Concrete Algae_Rock Algae N Algae ALL 15x10x3cm 0.015 Y Tile granitevsconcrete Granite Rock_granite Rock_Concrete Rock Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete 5m subtidal NA 3.000000 40.4302 17.4758 Site 1 Guaceto, Italy Mediterranean Rocky subtidal Exposed Significant Fig 3A
Guarnieri et al 2009 2009 14.8430000 3.8605714 20.8014000 8.7738835 10 10 10 Cover Sessile Algae_Concrete Algae_Rock Algae N Algae ALL 15x10x3cm 0.015 Y Tile granitevsconcrete Granite Rock_granite Rock_Concrete Rock Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete 5m subtidal NA 3.000000 40.0821 18.303 Site 2 Otranto , Italy Mediterranean Rocky subtidal Exposed Significant Fig 3A
Guarnieri et al 2009 2009 15.6242000 6.3171156 7.3109800 3.5095311 5 5 5 Cover Sessile Algae_Concrete Algae_Rock Algae N Algae Green Filamentous spp 15x10x3cm 0.0126 Y Tile limestonevsconcrete Limestone Rock_limestone Rock_Concrete Rock Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete 5m subtidal Final 9.000000 40.0821 18.303 Site 2 Otranto , Italy Mediterranean Rocky subtidal Exposed Significant Fig 3A Grazers in background substrate (sea urchins) - removed. 9cm x 14cm of each tile considered for counts.
Guarnieri et al 2009 2009 16.5883000 5.2641512 7.9606800 3.5095311 10 10 10 Cover Sessile Algae_Concrete Algae_Rock Algae N Algae ALL 15x10x3cm 0.015 Y Tile limestonevsconcrete Limestone Rock_limestone Rock_Concrete Rock Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete 5m subtidal NA 3.000000 40.4302 17.4758 Site 1 Guaceto, Italy Mediterranean Rocky subtidal Exposed Significant Fig 3A
Guarnieri et al 2009 2009 18.9139000 6.6679547 20.8014000 8.7738835 10 10 10 Cover Sessile Algae_Concrete Algae_Rock Algae N Algae ALL 15x10x3cm 0.015 Y Tile limestonevsconcrete Limestone Rock_limestone Rock_Concrete Rock Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete 5m subtidal NA 3.000000 40.0821 18.303 Site 2 Otranto , Italy Mediterranean Rocky subtidal Exposed Significant Fig 3A
Guarnieri et al 2009 2009 22.5769000 11.2304278 25.2498000 12.6342313 10 10 10 Cover Sessile Algae_Concrete Algae_Rock Algae N Algae ALL 15x10x3cm 0.015 Y Tile limestonevsconcrete Limestone Rock_limestone Rock_Concrete Rock Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete 5m subtidal NA 3.000000 40.4302 17.4758 Site 2 Guaceto, Italy Mediterranean Rocky subtidal Exposed Significant Fig 3A
Guarnieri et al 2009 2009 0.0000000 0.0000000 0.1585000 0.4551293 10 10 10 Cover Sessile Algae_Concrete Algae_Rock Algae Y Coralline_Algae BranchingCorralline ALL Corallinales Corallinales 15x10x3cm 0.015 Y Tile sandstonevsconcrete Sandstone Rock_sandstone Rock_Concrete Rock Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete 5m subtidal NA 3.000000 40.4302 17.4758 Site 2 Guaceto, Italy Mediterranean Rocky subtidal Exposed Significant Fig 3A
Guarnieri et al 2009 2009 0.0000000 0.0000000 0.0000000 0.0000000 10 10 10 Cover Sessile Algae_Concrete Algae_Rock Algae Y Coralline_Algae BranchingCorralline ALL Corallinales Corallinales 15x10x3cm 0.015 Y Tile limestonevsconcrete Limestone Rock_limestone Rock_Concrete Rock Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete 5m subtidal NA 3.000000 40.121 17.5506 Site 1 Porto Cesaro, Italy Mediterranean Rocky subtidal Exposed Significant Fig 3A
Guarnieri et al 2009 2009 0.0000000 0.0000000 0.0000000 0.0000000 10 10 10 Cover Sessile Algae_Concrete Algae_Rock Algae Y Coralline_Algae BranchingCorralline ALL Corallinales Corallinales 15x10x3cm 0.015 Y Tile granitevsconcrete Granite Rock_granite Rock_Concrete Rock Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete 5m subtidal NA 3.000000 40.121 17.5506 Site 1 Porto Cesaro, Italy Mediterranean Rocky subtidal Exposed Significant Fig 3A
Guarnieri et al 2009 2009 0.0000000 0.0000000 0.0000000 0.0000000 10 10 10 Cover Sessile Algae_Concrete Algae_Rock Algae Y Coralline_Algae BranchingCorralline ALL Corallinales Corallinales 15x10x3cm 0.015 Y Tile sandstonevsconcrete Sandstone Rock_sandstone Rock_Concrete Rock Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete 5m subtidal NA 3.000000 40.121 17.5506 Site 1 Porto Cesaro, Italy Mediterranean Rocky subtidal Exposed Significant Fig 3A
Guarnieri et al 2009 2009 0.0000000 0.0000000 0.0000000 0.0000000 10 10 10 Cover Sessile Algae_Concrete Algae_Rock Algae Y Coralline_Algae BranchingCorralline ALL Corallinales Corallinales 15x10x3cm 0.015 Y Tile limestonevsconcrete Limestone Rock_limestone Rock_Concrete Rock Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete 5m subtidal NA 3.000000 40.121 17.5506 Site 2 Porto Cesaro, Italy Mediterranean Rocky subtidal Exposed Significant Fig 3A
Guarnieri et al 2009 2009 0.0000000 0.0000000 0.0000000 0.0000000 10 10 10 Cover Sessile Algae_Concrete Algae_Rock Algae Y Coralline_Algae BranchingCorralline ALL Corallinales Corallinales 15x10x3cm 0.015 Y Tile granitevsconcrete Granite Rock_granite Rock_Concrete Rock Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete 5m subtidal NA 3.000000 40.121 17.5506 Site 2 Porto Cesaro, Italy Mediterranean Rocky subtidal Exposed Significant Fig 3A
Guarnieri et al 2009 2009 0.0000000 0.0000000 0.0000000 0.0000000 10 10 10 Cover Sessile Algae_Concrete Algae_Rock Algae Y Coralline_Algae BranchingCorralline ALL Corallinales Corallinales 15x10x3cm 0.015 Y Tile sandstonevsconcrete Sandstone Rock_sandstone Rock_Concrete Rock Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete 5m subtidal NA 3.000000 40.121 17.5506 Site 2 Porto Cesaro, Italy Mediterranean Rocky subtidal Exposed Significant Fig 3A
Guarnieri et al 2009 2009 0.0000000 0.0000000 0.0000000 0.0000000 10 10 10 Cover Sessile Algae_Concrete Algae_Rock Algae Y Coralline_Algae BranchingCorralline ALL Corallinales Corallinales 15x10x3cm 0.015 Y Tile limestonevsconcrete Limestone Rock_limestone Rock_Concrete Rock Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete 5m subtidal NA 3.000000 40.4302 17.4758 Site 1 Guaceto, Italy Mediterranean Rocky subtidal Exposed Significant Fig 3A
Guarnieri et al 2009 2009 0.0000000 0.0000000 0.0000000 0.0000000 10 10 10 Cover Sessile Algae_Concrete Algae_Rock Algae Y Coralline_Algae BranchingCorralline ALL Corallinales Corallinales 15x10x3cm 0.015 Y Tile granitevsconcrete Granite Rock_granite Rock_Concrete Rock Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete 5m subtidal NA 3.000000 40.4302 17.4758 Site 1 Guaceto, Italy Mediterranean Rocky subtidal Exposed Significant Fig 3A
Guarnieri et al 2009 2009 0.0000000 0.0000000 0.0000000 0.0000000 10 10 10 Cover Sessile Algae_Concrete Algae_Rock Algae Y Coralline_Algae BranchingCorralline ALL Corallinales Corallinales 15x10x3cm 0.015 Y Tile sandstonevsconcrete Sandstone Rock_sandstone Rock_Concrete Rock Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete 5m subtidal NA 3.000000 40.4302 17.4758 Site 1 Guaceto, Italy Mediterranean Rocky subtidal Exposed Significant Fig 3A
Guarnieri et al 2009 2009 0.0000000 0.0000000 0.0000000 0.0000000 10 10 10 Cover Sessile Algae_Concrete Algae_Rock Algae Y Coralline_Algae BranchingCorralline ALL Corallinales Corallinales 15x10x3cm 0.015 Y Tile limestonevsconcrete Limestone Rock_limestone Rock_Concrete Rock Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete 5m subtidal Final 9.000000 40.0821 18.303 Site 1 Otranto , Italy Mediterranean Rocky subtidal Exposed NS Fig 3A
Guarnieri et al 2009 2009 0.0000000 0.0000000 0.0000000 0.0000000 10 10 10 Cover Sessile Algae_Concrete Algae_Rock Algae Y Coralline_Algae BranchingCorralline ALL Corallinales Corallinales 15x10x3cm 0.015 Y Tile granitevsconcrete Granite Rock_granite Rock_Concrete Rock Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete 5m subtidal Final 9.000000 40.0821 18.303 Site 1 Otranto , Italy Mediterranean Rocky subtidal Exposed NS Fig 3A
Guarnieri et al 2009 2009 0.0000000 0.0000000 0.0000000 0.0000000 10 10 10 Cover Sessile Algae_Concrete Algae_Rock Algae Y Coralline_Algae BranchingCorralline ALL Corallinales Corallinales 15x10x3cm 0.015 Y Tile sandstonevsconcrete Sandstone Rock_sandstone Rock_Concrete Rock Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete 5m subtidal Final 9.000000 40.0821 18.303 Site 1 Otranto , Italy Mediterranean Rocky subtidal Exposed NS Fig 3A
Guarnieri et al 2009 2009 0.0000000 0.0000000 0.0000000 0.0000000 10 10 10 Cover Sessile Algae_Concrete Algae_Rock Algae Y Coralline_Algae BranchingCorralline ALL Corallinales Corallinales 15x10x3cm 0.015 Y Tile limestonevsconcrete Limestone Rock_limestone Rock_Concrete Rock Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete 5m subtidal Final 9.000000 40.0821 18.303 Site 2 Otranto , Italy Mediterranean Rocky subtidal Exposed NS Fig 3A
Guarnieri et al 2009 2009 0.0000000 0.0000000 0.0000000 0.0000000 10 10 10 Cover Sessile Algae_Concrete Algae_Rock Algae Y Coralline_Algae BranchingCorralline ALL Corallinales Corallinales 15x10x3cm 0.015 Y Tile granitevsconcrete Granite Rock_granite Rock_Concrete Rock Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete 5m subtidal Final 9.000000 40.0821 18.303 Site 2 Otranto , Italy Mediterranean Rocky subtidal Exposed NS Fig 3A
Guarnieri et al 2009 2009 0.0000000 0.0000000 0.0000000 0.0000000 10 10 10 Cover Sessile Algae_Concrete Algae_Rock Algae Y Coralline_Algae BranchingCorralline ALL Corallinales Corallinales 15x10x3cm 0.015 Y Tile sandstonevsconcrete Sandstone Rock_sandstone Rock_Concrete Rock Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete 5m subtidal Final 9.000000 40.0821 18.303 Site 2 Otranto , Italy Mediterranean Rocky subtidal Exposed NS Fig 3A
Guarnieri et al 2009 2009 0.0999400 0.2600100 0.1585000 0.4551293 10 10 10 Cover Sessile Algae_Concrete Algae_Rock Algae Y Coralline_Algae BranchingCorralline ALL Corallinales Corallinales 15x10x3cm 0.015 Y Tile limestonevsconcrete Limestone Rock_limestone Rock_Concrete Rock Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete 5m subtidal NA 3.000000 40.4302 17.4758 Site 2 Guaceto, Italy Mediterranean Rocky subtidal Exposed Significant Fig 3A
Guarnieri et al 2009 2009 0.1008000 0.0000000 0.1585000 0.4551293 10 10 10 Cover Sessile Algae_Concrete Algae_Rock Algae Y Coralline_Algae BranchingCorralline ALL Corallinales Corallinales 15x10x3cm 0.015 Y Tile granitevsconcrete Granite Rock_granite Rock_Concrete Rock Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete 5m subtidal NA 3.000000 40.4302 17.4758 Site 2 Guaceto, Italy Mediterranean Rocky subtidal Exposed Significant Fig 3A
Guarnieri et al 2009 2009 0.1057960 0.2600077 0.6285690 0.3900127 10 10 10 Cover Sessile Algae_Concrete Algae_Rock Algae Y Coralline_Algae BranchingCorralline ALL Corallinales Corallinales 15x10x3cm 0.015 Y Tile granitevsconcrete Granite Rock_granite Rock_Concrete Rock Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete 5m subtidal Final 9.000000 40.121 17.5506 Site 2 Porto Cesaro, Italy Mediterranean Rocky subtidal Exposed NS Fig 3A
Guarnieri et al 2009 2009 0.1804640 0.1950053 0.3253630 0.4550130 10 10 10 Cover Sessile Algae_Concrete Algae_Rock Algae Y Coralline_Algae BranchingCorralline ALL Corallinales Corallinales 15x10x3cm 0.015 Y Tile granitevsconcrete Granite Rock_granite Rock_Concrete Rock Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete 5m subtidal NA 3.000000 40.0821 18.303 Site 1 Otranto , Italy Mediterranean Rocky subtidal Exposed Significant Fig 3A
Guarnieri et al 2009 2009 0.2005940 0.3250102 0.4327020 0.3900127 10 10 10 Cover Sessile Algae_Concrete Algae_Rock Algae Y Coralline_Algae BranchingCorralline ALL Corallinales Corallinales 15x10x3cm 0.015 Y Tile granitevsconcrete Granite Rock_granite Rock_Concrete Rock Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete 5m subtidal Final 9.000000 40.4302 17.4758 Site 1 Guaceto, Italy Mediterranean Rocky subtidal Exposed NS Fig 3A
Guarnieri et al 2009 2009 0.2971930 0.2600077 0.3253630 0.4550130 10 10 10 Cover Sessile Algae_Concrete Algae_Rock Algae Y Coralline_Algae BranchingCorralline ALL Corallinales Corallinales 15x10x3cm 0.015 Y Tile sandstonevsconcrete Sandstone Rock_sandstone Rock_Concrete Rock Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete 5m subtidal NA 3.000000 40.0821 18.303 Site 1 Otranto , Italy Mediterranean Rocky subtidal Exposed Significant Fig 3A
Guarnieri et al 2009 2009 0.3374540 0.4550130 0.6285690 0.3900127 10 10 10 Cover Sessile Algae_Concrete Algae_Rock Algae Y Coralline_Algae BranchingCorralline ALL Corallinales Corallinales 15x10x3cm 0.015 Y Tile limestonevsconcrete Limestone Rock_limestone Rock_Concrete Rock Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete 5m subtidal Final 9.000000 40.121 17.5506 Site 2 Porto Cesaro, Italy Mediterranean Rocky subtidal Exposed NS Fig 3A
Guarnieri et al 2009 2009 0.3539180 0.3900127 0.3253630 0.4550130 10 10 10 Cover Sessile Algae_Concrete Algae_Rock Algae Y Coralline_Algae BranchingCorralline ALL Corallinales Corallinales 15x10x3cm 0.015 Y Tile limestonevsconcrete Limestone Rock_limestone Rock_Concrete Rock Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete 5m subtidal NA 3.000000 40.0821 18.303 Site 1 Otranto , Italy Mediterranean Rocky subtidal Exposed Significant Fig 3A
Guarnieri et al 2009 2009 0.4031820 0.4550152 0.4327020 0.3900127 10 10 10 Cover Sessile Algae_Concrete Algae_Rock Algae Y Coralline_Algae BranchingCorralline ALL Corallinales Corallinales 15x10x3cm 0.015 Y Tile limestonevsconcrete Limestone Rock_limestone Rock_Concrete Rock Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete 5m subtidal Final 9.000000 40.4302 17.4758 Site 1 Guaceto, Italy Mediterranean Rocky subtidal Exposed NS Fig 3A
Guarnieri et al 2009 2009 0.5232560 0.4550130 2.4418600 3.4451099 10 10 10 Cover Sessile Algae_Concrete Algae_Rock Algae Y Coralline_Algae BranchingCorralline ALL Corallinales Corallinales 15x10x3cm 0.015 Y Tile granitevsconcrete Granite Rock_granite Rock_Concrete Rock Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete 5m subtidal NA 3.000000 40.0821 18.303 Site 2 Otranto , Italy Mediterranean Rocky subtidal Exposed Significant Fig 3A
Guarnieri et al 2009 2009 0.5232560 0.4550130 2.4418600 3.4451099 10 10 10 Cover Sessile Algae_Concrete Algae_Rock Algae Y Coralline_Algae BranchingCorralline ALL Corallinales Corallinales 15x10x3cm 0.015 Y Tile granitevsconcrete Granite Rock_granite Rock_Concrete Rock Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete 5m subtidal Final 9.000000 40.121 17.5506 Site 1 Porto Cesaro, Italy Mediterranean Rocky subtidal Exposed NS Fig 3A
Guarnieri et al 2009 2009 0.6098220 0.5850180 0.3186420 0.5200155 10 10 10 Cover Sessile Algae_Concrete Algae_Rock Algae Y Coralline_Algae BranchingCorralline ALL Corallinales Corallinales 15x10x3cm 0.015 Y Tile granitevsconcrete Granite Rock_granite Rock_Concrete Rock Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete 5m subtidal Final 9.000000 40.4302 17.4758 Site 2 Guaceto, Italy Mediterranean Rocky subtidal Exposed NS Fig 3A
Guarnieri et al 2009 2009 0.8038560 0.1508049 0.6285690 0.3900127 10 10 10 Cover Sessile Algae_Concrete Algae_Rock Algae Y Coralline_Algae BranchingCorralline ALL Corallinales Corallinales 15x10x3cm 0.015 Y Tile sandstonevsconcrete Sandstone Rock_sandstone Rock_Concrete Rock Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete 5m subtidal Final 9.000000 40.121 17.5506 Site 2 Porto Cesaro, Italy Mediterranean Rocky subtidal Exposed NS Fig 3A
Guarnieri et al 2009 2009 0.8124100 0.7146250 0.3186420 0.5200155 10 10 10 Cover Sessile Algae_Concrete Algae_Rock Algae Y Coralline_Algae BranchingCorralline ALL Corallinales Corallinales 15x10x3cm 0.015 Y Tile limestonevsconcrete Limestone Rock_limestone Rock_Concrete Rock Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete 5m subtidal Final 9.000000 40.4302 17.4758 Site 2 Guaceto, Italy Mediterranean Rocky subtidal Exposed NS Fig 3A
Guarnieri et al 2009 2009 0.9568580 0.5190853 0.4327020 0.3900127 10 10 10 Cover Sessile Algae_Concrete Algae_Rock Algae Y Coralline_Algae BranchingCorralline ALL Corallinales Corallinales 15x10x3cm 0.015 Y Tile sandstonevsconcrete Sandstone Rock_sandstone Rock_Concrete Rock Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete 5m subtidal Final 9.000000 40.4302 17.4758 Site 1 Guaceto, Italy Mediterranean Rocky subtidal Exposed NS Fig 3A
Guarnieri et al 2009 2009 1.3660000 0.4539218 0.3186420 0.5200155 10 10 10 Cover Sessile Algae_Concrete Algae_Rock Algae Y Coralline_Algae BranchingCorralline ALL Corallinales Corallinales 15x10x3cm 0.015 Y Tile sandstonevsconcrete Sandstone Rock_sandstone Rock_Concrete Rock Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete 5m subtidal Final 9.000000 40.4302 17.4758 Site 2 Guaceto, Italy Mediterranean Rocky subtidal Exposed NS Fig 3A
Guarnieri et al 2009 2009 3.1686000 2.4050924 2.4418600 3.4451099 10 10 10 Cover Sessile Algae_Concrete Algae_Rock Algae Y Coralline_Algae BranchingCorralline ALL Corallinales Corallinales 15x10x3cm 0.015 Y Tile limestonevsconcrete Limestone Rock_limestone Rock_Concrete Rock Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete 5m subtidal NA 3.000000 40.0821 18.303 Site 2 Otranto , Italy Mediterranean Rocky subtidal Exposed Significant Fig 3A
Guarnieri et al 2009 2009 3.1686000 2.4050924 2.4418600 3.4451099 10 10 10 Cover Sessile Algae_Concrete Algae_Rock Algae Y Coralline_Algae BranchingCorralline ALL Corallinales Corallinales 15x10x3cm 0.015 Y Tile limestonevsconcrete Limestone Rock_limestone Rock_Concrete Rock Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete 5m subtidal Final 9.000000 40.121 17.5506 Site 1 Porto Cesaro, Italy Mediterranean Rocky subtidal Exposed NS Fig 3A
Guarnieri et al 2009 2009 5.9302300 5.2001550 2.4418600 3.4451099 10 10 10 Cover Sessile Algae_Concrete Algae_Rock Algae Y Coralline_Algae BranchingCorralline ALL Corallinales Corallinales 15x10x3cm 0.015 Y Tile sandstonevsconcrete Sandstone Rock_sandstone Rock_Concrete Rock Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete 5m subtidal NA 3.000000 40.0821 18.303 Site 2 Otranto , Italy Mediterranean Rocky subtidal Exposed Significant Fig 3A
Guarnieri et al 2009 2009 5.9302300 5.2001550 2.4418600 3.4451099 10 10 10 Cover Sessile Algae_Concrete Algae_Rock Algae Y Coralline_Algae BranchingCorralline ALL Corallinales Corallinales 15x10x3cm 0.015 Y Tile sandstonevsconcrete Sandstone Rock_sandstone Rock_Concrete Rock Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete 5m subtidal Final 9.000000 40.121 17.5506 Site 1 Porto Cesaro, Italy Mediterranean Rocky subtidal Exposed NS Fig 3A
Guarnieri et al 2009 2009 0.0000000 0.0000000 2.4108700 2.8023746 10 10 10 Cover Sessile Algae_Concrete Algae_Rock Algae Y Coralline_Algae EncrustingCoralline ALL Corallinales Corallinales 15x10x3cm 0.015 Y Tile granitevsconcrete Granite Rock_granite Rock_Concrete Rock Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete 5m subtidal NA 3.000000 40.0821 18.303 Site 1 Otranto , Italy Mediterranean Rocky subtidal Exposed Significant Fig 3A
Guarnieri et al 2009 2009 0.2460780 1.0508938 0.5548880 1.0508893 10 10 10 Cover Sessile Algae_Concrete Algae_Rock Algae Y Coralline_Algae EncrustingCoralline ALL Corallinales Corallinales 15x10x3cm 0.015 Y Tile granitevsconcrete Granite Rock_granite Rock_Concrete Rock Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete 5m subtidal NA 3.000000 40.0821 18.303 Site 2 Otranto , Italy Mediterranean Rocky subtidal Exposed Significant Fig 3A
Guarnieri et al 2009 2009 0.7593750 1.4011985 3.2711000 2.8023969 10 10 10 Cover Sessile Algae_Concrete Algae_Rock Algae Y Coralline_Algae EncrustingCoralline ALL Corallinales Corallinales 15x10x3cm 0.015 Y Tile limestonevsconcrete Limestone Rock_limestone Rock_Concrete Rock Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete 5m subtidal NA 3.000000 40.4302 17.4758 Site 2 Guaceto, Italy Mediterranean Rocky subtidal Exposed Significant Fig 3A
Guarnieri et al 2009 2009 0.9954020 1.0509028 2.4108700 2.8023746 10 10 10 Cover Sessile Algae_Concrete Algae_Rock Algae Y Coralline_Algae EncrustingCoralline ALL Corallinales Corallinales 15x10x3cm 0.015 Y Tile limestonevsconcrete Limestone Rock_limestone Rock_Concrete Rock Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete 5m subtidal NA 3.000000 40.0821 18.303 Site 1 Otranto , Italy Mediterranean Rocky subtidal Exposed Significant Fig 3A
Guarnieri et al 2009 2009 1.6462900 1.7514897 0.5548880 1.0508893 10 10 10 Cover Sessile Algae_Concrete Algae_Rock Algae Y Coralline_Algae EncrustingCoralline ALL Corallinales Corallinales 15x10x3cm 0.015 Y Tile limestonevsconcrete Limestone Rock_limestone Rock_Concrete Rock Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete 5m subtidal NA 3.000000 40.0821 18.303 Site 2 Otranto , Italy Mediterranean Rocky subtidal Exposed Significant Fig 3A
Guarnieri et al 2009 2009 1.8656900 2.1017697 3.2711000 2.8023969 10 10 10 Cover Sessile Algae_Concrete Algae_Rock Algae Y Coralline_Algae EncrustingCoralline ALL Corallinales Corallinales 15x10x3cm 0.015 Y Tile granitevsconcrete Granite Rock_granite Rock_Concrete Rock Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete 5m subtidal NA 3.000000 40.4302 17.4758 Site 2 Guaceto, Italy Mediterranean Rocky subtidal Exposed Significant Fig 3A
Guarnieri et al 2009 2009 2.6011500 5.2544691 0.5548880 1.0508893 10 10 10 Cover Sessile Algae_Concrete Algae_Rock Algae Y Coralline_Algae EncrustingCoralline ALL Corallinales Corallinales 15x10x3cm 0.015 Y Tile sandstonevsconcrete Sandstone Rock_sandstone Rock_Concrete Rock Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete 5m subtidal NA 3.000000 40.0821 18.303 Site 2 Otranto , Italy Mediterranean Rocky subtidal Exposed Significant Fig 3A
Guarnieri et al 2009 2009 3.2035200 3.1526770 2.4108700 2.8023746 10 10 10 Cover Sessile Algae_Concrete Algae_Rock Algae Y Coralline_Algae EncrustingCoralline ALL Corallinales Corallinales 15x10x3cm 0.015 Y Tile sandstonevsconcrete Sandstone Rock_sandstone Rock_Concrete Rock Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete 5m subtidal NA 3.000000 40.0821 18.303 Site 1 Otranto , Italy Mediterranean Rocky subtidal Exposed Significant Fig 3A
Guarnieri et al 2009 2009 3.5937800 2.1017697 3.2711000 2.8023969 10 10 10 Cover Sessile Algae_Concrete Algae_Rock Algae Y Coralline_Algae EncrustingCoralline ALL Corallinales Corallinales 15x10x3cm 0.015 Y Tile sandstonevsconcrete Sandstone Rock_sandstone Rock_Concrete Rock Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete 5m subtidal NA 3.000000 40.4302 17.4758 Site 2 Guaceto, Italy Mediterranean Rocky subtidal Exposed Significant Fig 3A
Guarnieri et al 2009 2009 4.1815900 2.4520721 6.2233400 1.7514897 10 10 10 Cover Sessile Algae_Concrete Algae_Rock Algae Y Coralline_Algae EncrustingCoralline ALL Corallinales Corallinales 15x10x3cm 0.015 Y Tile limestonevsconcrete Limestone Rock_limestone Rock_Concrete Rock Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete 5m subtidal NA 3.000000 40.4302 17.4758 Site 1 Guaceto, Italy Mediterranean Rocky subtidal Exposed Significant Fig 3A
Guarnieri et al 2009 2009 5.6057200 1.4011873 6.2233400 1.7514897 10 10 10 Cover Sessile Algae_Concrete Algae_Rock Algae Y Coralline_Algae EncrustingCoralline ALL Corallinales Corallinales 15x10x3cm 0.015 Y Tile sandstonevsconcrete Sandstone Rock_sandstone Rock_Concrete Rock Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete 5m subtidal NA 3.000000 40.4302 17.4758 Site 1 Guaceto, Italy Mediterranean Rocky subtidal Exposed Significant Fig 3A
Guarnieri et al 2009 2009 6.1363500 2.4520721 8.6477300 3.5029570 10 10 10 Cover Sessile Algae_Concrete Algae_Rock Algae Y Coralline_Algae EncrustingCoralline ALL Corallinales Corallinales 15x10x3cm 0.015 Y Tile limestonevsconcrete Limestone Rock_limestone Rock_Concrete Rock Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete 5m subtidal NA 3.000000 40.121 17.5506 Site 2 Porto Cesaro, Italy Mediterranean Rocky subtidal Exposed Significant Fig 3A
Guarnieri et al 2009 2009 6.2278500 2.4520721 6.2233400 1.7514897 10 10 10 Cover Sessile Algae_Concrete Algae_Rock Algae Y Coralline_Algae EncrustingCoralline ALL Corallinales Corallinales 15x10x3cm 0.015 Y Tile granitevsconcrete Granite Rock_granite Rock_Concrete Rock Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete 5m subtidal NA 3.000000 40.4302 17.4758 Site 1 Guaceto, Italy Mediterranean Rocky subtidal Exposed Significant Fig 3A
Guarnieri et al 2009 2009 6.7775400 1.7514897 8.6477300 3.5029570 10 10 10 Cover Sessile Algae_Concrete Algae_Rock Algae Y Coralline_Algae EncrustingCoralline ALL Corallinales Corallinales 15x10x3cm 0.015 Y Tile sandstonevsconcrete Sandstone Rock_sandstone Rock_Concrete Rock Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete 5m subtidal NA 3.000000 40.121 17.5506 Site 2 Porto Cesaro, Italy Mediterranean Rocky subtidal Exposed Significant Fig 3A
Guarnieri et al 2009 2009 8.0259500 3.8532818 8.6477300 3.5029570 10 10 10 Cover Sessile Algae_Concrete Algae_Rock Algae Y Coralline_Algae EncrustingCoralline ALL Corallinales Corallinales 15x10x3cm 0.015 Y Tile granitevsconcrete Granite Rock_granite Rock_Concrete Rock Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete 5m subtidal NA 3.000000 40.121 17.5506 Site 2 Porto Cesaro, Italy Mediterranean Rocky subtidal Exposed Significant Fig 3A
Guarnieri et al 2009 2009 13.1527000 2.4520721 11.5806000 3.1526322 10 10 10 Cover Sessile Algae_Concrete Algae_Rock Algae Y Coralline_Algae EncrustingCoralline ALL Corallinales Corallinales 15x10x3cm 0.015 Y Tile granitevsconcrete Granite Rock_granite Rock_Concrete Rock Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete 5m subtidal Final 9.000000 40.4302 17.4758 Site 2 Guaceto, Italy Mediterranean Rocky subtidal Exposed NS Fig 3A
Guarnieri et al 2009 2009 14.2531000 4.9041443 11.5806000 3.1526322 10 10 10 Cover Sessile Algae_Concrete Algae_Rock Algae Y Coralline_Algae EncrustingCoralline ALL Corallinales Corallinales 15x10x3cm 0.015 Y Tile sandstonevsconcrete Sandstone Rock_sandstone Rock_Concrete Rock Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete 5m subtidal Final 9.000000 40.4302 17.4758 Site 2 Guaceto, Italy Mediterranean Rocky subtidal Exposed NS Fig 3A
Guarnieri et al 2009 2009 14.6992000 2.4520721 15.9434000 4.2035842 10 10 10 Cover Sessile Algae_Concrete Algae_Rock Algae Y Coralline_Algae EncrustingCoralline ALL Corallinales Corallinales 15x10x3cm 0.015 Y Tile sandstonevsconcrete Sandstone Rock_sandstone Rock_Concrete Rock Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete 5m subtidal Final 9.000000 40.4302 17.4758 Site 1 Guaceto, Italy Mediterranean Rocky subtidal Exposed NS Fig 3A
Guarnieri et al 2009 2009 15.1553000 4.5537524 15.9434000 4.2035842 10 10 10 Cover Sessile Algae_Concrete Algae_Rock Algae Y Coralline_Algae EncrustingCoralline ALL Corallinales Corallinales 15x10x3cm 0.015 Y Tile limestonevsconcrete Limestone Rock_limestone Rock_Concrete Rock Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete 5m subtidal Final 9.000000 40.4302 17.4758 Site 1 Guaceto, Italy Mediterranean Rocky subtidal Exposed NS Fig 3A
Guarnieri et al 2009 2009 15.8249000 5.9550962 20.9994000 5.9550962 10 10 10 Cover Sessile Algae_Concrete Algae_Rock Algae Y Coralline_Algae EncrustingCoralline ALL Corallinales Corallinales 15x10x3cm 0.015 Y Tile limestonevsconcrete Limestone Rock_limestone Rock_Concrete Rock Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete 5m subtidal NA 3.000000 40.121 17.5506 Site 1 Porto Cesaro, Italy Mediterranean Rocky subtidal Exposed Significant Fig 3A
Guarnieri et al 2009 2009 17.2150000 3.8534159 11.5806000 3.1526322 10 10 10 Cover Sessile Algae_Concrete Algae_Rock Algae Y Coralline_Algae EncrustingCoralline ALL Corallinales Corallinales 15x10x3cm 0.015 Y Tile limestonevsconcrete Limestone Rock_limestone Rock_Concrete Rock Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete 5m subtidal Final 9.000000 40.4302 17.4758 Site 2 Guaceto, Italy Mediterranean Rocky subtidal Exposed NS Fig 3A
Guarnieri et al 2009 2009 18.2066000 3.5030241 20.0910000 3.8534159 10 10 10 Cover Sessile Algae_Concrete Algae_Rock Algae Y Coralline_Algae EncrustingCoralline ALL Corallinales Corallinales 15x10x3cm 0.015 Y Tile limestonevsconcrete Limestone Rock_limestone Rock_Concrete Rock Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete 5m subtidal Final 9.000000 40.121 17.5506 Site 2 Porto Cesaro, Italy Mediterranean Rocky subtidal Exposed NS Fig 3A
Guarnieri et al 2009 2009 19.1220000 5.2543125 24.1402000 10.1586804 10 10 10 Cover Sessile Algae_Concrete Algae_Rock Algae Y Coralline_Algae EncrustingCoralline ALL Corallinales Corallinales 15x10x3cm 0.015 Y Tile limestonevsconcrete Limestone Rock_limestone Rock_Concrete Rock Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete 5m subtidal Final 9.000000 40.121 17.5506 Site 1 Porto Cesaro, Italy Mediterranean Rocky subtidal Exposed NS Fig 3A
Guarnieri et al 2009 2009 20.2955000 8.4071684 29.2302000 10.1586804 10 10 10 Cover Sessile Algae_Concrete Algae_Rock Algae Y Coralline_Algae EncrustingCoralline ALL Corallinales Corallinales 15x10x3cm 0.015 Y Tile limestonevsconcrete Limestone Rock_limestone Rock_Concrete Rock Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete 5m subtidal Final 9.000000 40.0821 18.303 Site 2 Otranto , Italy Mediterranean Rocky subtidal Exposed NS Fig 3A
Guarnieri et al 2009 2009 20.6965000 6.6556563 20.9994000 5.9550962 10 10 10 Cover Sessile Algae_Concrete Algae_Rock Algae Y Coralline_Algae EncrustingCoralline ALL Corallinales Corallinales 15x10x3cm 0.015 Y Tile sandstonevsconcrete Sandstone Rock_sandstone Rock_Concrete Rock Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete 5m subtidal NA 3.000000 40.121 17.5506 Site 1 Porto Cesaro, Italy Mediterranean Rocky subtidal Exposed Significant Fig 3A
Guarnieri et al 2009 2009 21.1176000 4.9041443 15.9434000 4.2035842 10 10 10 Cover Sessile Algae_Concrete Algae_Rock Algae Y Coralline_Algae EncrustingCoralline ALL Corallinales Corallinales 15x10x3cm 0.015 Y Tile granitevsconcrete Granite Rock_granite Rock_Concrete Rock Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete 5m subtidal Final 9.000000 40.4302 17.4758 Site 1 Guaceto, Italy Mediterranean Rocky subtidal Exposed NS Fig 3A
Guarnieri et al 2009 2009 24.1881000 7.0067190 27.7960000 3.8534159 10 10 10 Cover Sessile Algae_Concrete Algae_Rock Algae Y Coralline_Algae EncrustingCoralline ALL Corallinales Corallinales 15x10x3cm 0.015 Y Tile limestonevsconcrete Limestone Rock_limestone Rock_Concrete Rock Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete 5m subtidal Final 9.000000 40.0821 18.303 Site 1 Otranto , Italy Mediterranean Rocky subtidal Exposed NS Fig 3A
Guarnieri et al 2009 2009 27.1507000 8.0567765 20.0910000 3.8534159 10 10 10 Cover Sessile Algae_Concrete Algae_Rock Algae Y Coralline_Algae EncrustingCoralline ALL Corallinales Corallinales 15x10x3cm 0.015 Y Tile sandstonevsconcrete Sandstone Rock_sandstone Rock_Concrete Rock Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete 5m subtidal Final 9.000000 40.121 17.5506 Site 2 Porto Cesaro, Italy Mediterranean Rocky subtidal Exposed NS Fig 3A
Guarnieri et al 2009 2009 28.1381000 8.4071684 29.2302000 10.1586804 10 10 10 Cover Sessile Algae_Concrete Algae_Rock Algae Y Coralline_Algae EncrustingCoralline ALL Corallinales Corallinales 15x10x3cm 0.015 Y Tile granitevsconcrete Granite Rock_granite Rock_Concrete Rock Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete 5m subtidal Final 9.000000 40.0821 18.303 Site 2 Otranto , Italy Mediterranean Rocky subtidal Exposed NS Fig 3A
Guarnieri et al 2009 2009 28.9027000 5.9550962 27.7960000 3.8534159 10 10 10 Cover Sessile Algae_Concrete Algae_Rock Algae Y Coralline_Algae EncrustingCoralline ALL Corallinales Corallinales 15x10x3cm 0.015 Y Tile sandstonevsconcrete Sandstone Rock_sandstone Rock_Concrete Rock Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete 5m subtidal Final 9.000000 40.0821 18.303 Site 1 Otranto , Italy Mediterranean Rocky subtidal Exposed NS Fig 3A
Guarnieri et al 2009 2009 29.1626000 8.0570001 24.1402000 10.1586804 10 10 10 Cover Sessile Algae_Concrete Algae_Rock Algae Y Coralline_Algae EncrustingCoralline ALL Corallinales Corallinales 15x10x3cm 0.015 Y Tile sandstonevsconcrete Sandstone Rock_sandstone Rock_Concrete Rock Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete 5m subtidal Final 9.000000 40.121 17.5506 Site 1 Porto Cesaro, Italy Mediterranean Rocky subtidal Exposed NS Fig 3A
Guarnieri et al 2009 2009 29.4954000 9.8082886 20.0910000 3.8534159 10 10 10 Cover Sessile Algae_Concrete Algae_Rock Algae Y Coralline_Algae EncrustingCoralline ALL Corallinales Corallinales 15x10x3cm 0.015 Y Tile granitevsconcrete Granite Rock_granite Rock_Concrete Rock Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete 5m subtidal Final 9.000000 40.121 17.5506 Site 2 Porto Cesaro, Italy Mediterranean Rocky subtidal Exposed NS Fig 3A
Guarnieri et al 2009 2009 35.0363000 15.4129930 29.2302000 10.1586804 10 10 10 Cover Sessile Algae_Concrete Algae_Rock Algae Y Coralline_Algae EncrustingCoralline ALL Corallinales Corallinales 15x10x3cm 0.015 Y Tile sandstonevsconcrete Sandstone Rock_sandstone Rock_Concrete Rock Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete 5m subtidal Final 9.000000 40.0821 18.303 Site 2 Otranto , Italy Mediterranean Rocky subtidal Exposed NS Fig 3A
Guarnieri et al 2009 2009 35.7305000 10.8592405 20.9994000 5.9550962 10 10 10 Cover Sessile Algae_Concrete Algae_Rock Algae Y Coralline_Algae EncrustingCoralline ALL Corallinales Corallinales 15x10x3cm 0.015 Y Tile granitevsconcrete Granite Rock_granite Rock_Concrete Rock Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete 5m subtidal NA 3.000000 40.121 17.5506 Site 1 Porto Cesaro, Italy Mediterranean Rocky subtidal Exposed Significant Fig 3A
Guarnieri et al 2009 2009 41.2738000 7.3562164 27.7960000 3.8534159 10 10 10 Cover Sessile Algae_Concrete Algae_Rock Algae Y Coralline_Algae EncrustingCoralline ALL Corallinales Corallinales 15x10x3cm 0.015 Y Tile granitevsconcrete Granite Rock_granite Rock_Concrete Rock Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete 5m subtidal Final 9.000000 40.0821 18.303 Site 1 Otranto , Italy Mediterranean Rocky subtidal Exposed NS Fig 3A
Guarnieri et al 2009 2009 44.8236000 20.3171372 24.1402000 10.1586804 10 10 10 Cover Sessile Algae_Concrete Algae_Rock Algae Y Coralline_Algae EncrustingCoralline ALL Corallinales Corallinales 15x10x3cm 0.015 Y Tile granitevsconcrete Granite Rock_granite Rock_Concrete Rock Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete 5m subtidal Final 9.000000 40.121 17.5506 Site 1 Porto Cesaro, Italy Mediterranean Rocky subtidal Exposed NS Fig 3A
Guarnieri et al 2009 2009 0.0784740 0.0000000 0.3380670 0.2172698 10 10 10 Cover Sessile Invert_Concrete Invert_Rock Invert N Invertebrates ALL 15x10x3cm 0.015 Y Tile limestonevsconcrete Limestone Rock_limestone Rock_Concrete Rock Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete 5m subtidal NA 3.000000 40.4302 17.4758 Site 2 Guaceto, Italy Mediterranean Rocky subtidal Exposed Significant Fig 3A
Guarnieri et al 2009 2009 0.2094790 0.0000000 0.3380670 0.2172698 10 10 10 Cover Sessile Invert_Concrete Invert_Rock Invert N Invertebrates ALL 15x10x3cm 0.015 Y Tile sandstonevsconcrete Sandstone Rock_sandstone Rock_Concrete Rock Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete 5m subtidal NA 3.000000 40.4302 17.4758 Site 2 Guaceto, Italy Mediterranean Rocky subtidal Exposed Significant Fig 3A
Guarnieri et al 2009 2009 0.2439090 0.4345396 0.2120030 0.2172698 5 5 5 Cover Sessile Invert_Concrete Invert_Rock Invert N Invertebrates ALL 15x10x3cm 0.0126 Y Tile limestonevsconcrete Limestone Rock_limestone Rock_Concrete Rock Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete 5m subtidal Final 9.000000 40.121 17.5506 Site 1 Porto Cesaro, Italy Mediterranean Rocky subtidal Exposed NS Fig 3A Grazers in background substrate (sea urchins) - removed. 9cm x 14cm of each tile considered for counts.
Guarnieri et al 2009 2009 0.2912290 0.2172698 0.6141490 0.2896938 5 5 5 Cover Sessile Invert_Concrete Invert_Rock Invert N Invertebrates ALL 15x10x3cm 0.0126 Y Tile sandstonevsconcrete Sandstone Rock_sandstone Rock_Concrete Rock Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete 5m subtidal Final 9.000000 40.4302 17.4758 Site 2 Guaceto, Italy Mediterranean Rocky subtidal Exposed NS Fig 3A Grazers in background substrate (sea urchins) - removed. 9cm x 14cm of each tile considered for counts.
Guarnieri et al 2009 2009 0.3251760 0.2172698 1.0371400 1.3760315 10 10 10 Cover Sessile Invert_Concrete Invert_Rock Invert N Invertebrates ALL 15x10x3cm 0.015 Y Tile granitevsconcrete Granite Rock_granite Rock_Concrete Rock Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete 5m subtidal NA 3.000000 40.121 17.5506 Site 1 Porto Cesaro, Italy Mediterranean Rocky subtidal Exposed Significant Fig 3A
Guarnieri et al 2009 2009 0.4068730 0.2896916 0.2120030 0.2172698 5 5 5 Cover Sessile Invert_Concrete Invert_Rock Invert N Invertebrates ALL 15x10x3cm 0.0126 Y Tile granitevsconcrete Granite Rock_granite Rock_Concrete Rock Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete 5m subtidal Final 9.000000 40.121 17.5506 Site 1 Porto Cesaro, Italy Mediterranean Rocky subtidal Exposed NS Fig 3A Grazers in background substrate (sea urchins) - removed. 9cm x 14cm of each tile considered for counts.
Guarnieri et al 2009 2009 0.4073020 0.2896938 0.2120030 0.2172698 5 5 5 Cover Sessile Invert_Concrete Invert_Rock Invert N Invertebrates ALL 15x10x3cm 0.0126 Y Tile sandstonevsconcrete Sandstone Rock_sandstone Rock_Concrete Rock Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete 5m subtidal Final 9.000000 40.121 17.5506 Site 1 Porto Cesaro, Italy Mediterranean Rocky subtidal Exposed NS Fig 3A Grazers in background substrate (sea urchins) - removed. 9cm x 14cm of each tile considered for counts.
Guarnieri et al 2009 2009 0.4731540 0.3621156 0.5059720 0.4345396 5 5 5 Cover Sessile Invert_Concrete Invert_Rock Invert N Invertebrates ALL 15x10x3cm 0.0126 Y Tile limestonevsconcrete Limestone Rock_limestone Rock_Concrete Rock Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete 5m subtidal Final 9.000000 40.121 17.5506 Site 2 Porto Cesaro, Italy Mediterranean Rocky subtidal Exposed NS Fig 3A Grazers in background substrate (sea urchins) - removed. 9cm x 14cm of each tile considered for counts.
Guarnieri et al 2009 2009 0.4860450 0.2896916 1.0371400 1.3760315 10 10 10 Cover Sessile Invert_Concrete Invert_Rock Invert N Invertebrates ALL 15x10x3cm 0.015 Y Tile limestonevsconcrete Limestone Rock_limestone Rock_Concrete Rock Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete 5m subtidal NA 3.000000 40.121 17.5506 Site 1 Porto Cesaro, Italy Mediterranean Rocky subtidal Exposed Significant Fig 3A
Guarnieri et al 2009 2009 0.5328820 0.2896938 0.3380670 0.2172698 10 10 10 Cover Sessile Invert_Concrete Invert_Rock Invert N Invertebrates ALL 15x10x3cm 0.015 Y Tile granitevsconcrete Granite Rock_granite Rock_Concrete Rock Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete 5m subtidal NA 3.000000 40.4302 17.4758 Site 2 Guaceto, Italy Mediterranean Rocky subtidal Exposed Significant Fig 3A
Guarnieri et al 2009 2009 0.6435300 0.6518093 0.4820700 0.3621156 5 5 5 Cover Sessile Invert_Concrete Invert_Rock Invert N Invertebrates ALL 15x10x3cm 0.0126 Y Tile limestonevsconcrete Limestone Rock_limestone Rock_Concrete Rock Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete 5m subtidal Final 9.000000 40.4302 17.4758 Site 1 Guaceto, Italy Mediterranean Rocky subtidal Exposed NS Fig 3A Grazers in background substrate (sea urchins) - removed. 9cm x 14cm of each tile considered for counts.
Guarnieri et al 2009 2009 0.6494920 0.4345396 1.0371400 1.3760315 10 10 10 Cover Sessile Invert_Concrete Invert_Rock Invert N Invertebrates ALL 15x10x3cm 0.015 Y Tile sandstonevsconcrete Sandstone Rock_sandstone Rock_Concrete Rock Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete 5m subtidal NA 3.000000 40.121 17.5506 Site 1 Porto Cesaro, Italy Mediterranean Rocky subtidal Exposed Significant Fig 3A
Guarnieri et al 2009 2009 0.7745890 0.2896916 0.4820700 0.3621156 5 5 5 Cover Sessile Invert_Concrete Invert_Rock Invert N Invertebrates ALL 15x10x3cm 0.0126 Y Tile sandstonevsconcrete Sandstone Rock_sandstone Rock_Concrete Rock Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete 5m subtidal Final 9.000000 40.4302 17.4758 Site 1 Guaceto, Italy Mediterranean Rocky subtidal Exposed NS Fig 3A Grazers in background substrate (sea urchins) - removed. 9cm x 14cm of each tile considered for counts.
Guarnieri et al 2009 2009 0.8179350 0.4345463 3.4742900 1.2312014 10 10 10 Cover Sessile Invert_Concrete Invert_Rock Invert N Invertebrates ALL 15x10x3cm 0.015 Y Tile limestonevsconcrete Limestone Rock_limestone Rock_Concrete Rock Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete 5m subtidal NA 3.000000 40.0821 18.303 Site 2 Otranto , Italy Mediterranean Rocky subtidal Exposed Significant Fig 3A
Guarnieri et al 2009 2009 0.8872240 0.4345485 0.4975390 0.2172698 10 10 10 Cover Sessile Invert_Concrete Invert_Rock Invert N Invertebrates ALL 15x10x3cm 0.015 Y Tile sandstonevsconcrete Sandstone Rock_sandstone Rock_Concrete Rock Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete 5m subtidal NA 3.000000 40.4302 17.4758 Site 1 Guaceto, Italy Mediterranean Rocky subtidal Exposed Significant Fig 3A
Guarnieri et al 2009 2009 0.8956570 0.5069680 0.5059720 0.4345396 5 5 5 Cover Sessile Invert_Concrete Invert_Rock Invert N Invertebrates ALL 15x10x3cm 0.0126 Y Tile sandstonevsconcrete Sandstone Rock_sandstone Rock_Concrete Rock Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete 5m subtidal Final 9.000000 40.121 17.5506 Site 2 Porto Cesaro, Italy Mediterranean Rocky subtidal Exposed NS Fig 3A Grazers in background substrate (sea urchins) - removed. 9cm x 14cm of each tile considered for counts.
Guarnieri et al 2009 2009 1.0067900 0.5069613 1.4283200 0.5069613 10 10 10 Cover Sessile Invert_Concrete Invert_Rock Invert N Invertebrates ALL 15x10x3cm 0.015 Y Tile limestonevsconcrete Limestone Rock_limestone Rock_Concrete Rock Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete 5m subtidal NA 3.000000 40.121 17.5506 Site 2 Porto Cesaro, Italy Mediterranean Rocky subtidal Exposed Significant Fig 3A
Guarnieri et al 2009 2009 1.0077500 0.8690925 1.4283200 0.5069613 10 10 10 Cover Sessile Invert_Concrete Invert_Rock Invert N Invertebrates ALL 15x10x3cm 0.015 Y Tile granitevsconcrete Granite Rock_granite Rock_Concrete Rock Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete 5m subtidal NA 3.000000 40.121 17.5506 Site 2 Porto Cesaro, Italy Mediterranean Rocky subtidal Exposed Significant Fig 3A
Guarnieri et al 2009 2009 1.1124400 0.5793876 0.4975390 0.2172698 10 10 10 Cover Sessile Invert_Concrete Invert_Rock Invert N Invertebrates ALL 15x10x3cm 0.015 Y Tile limestonevsconcrete Limestone Rock_limestone Rock_Concrete Rock Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete 5m subtidal NA 3.000000 40.4302 17.4758 Site 1 Guaceto, Italy Mediterranean Rocky subtidal Exposed Significant Fig 3A
Guarnieri et al 2009 2009 1.2534400 0.7242177 1.7721900 0.7242401 5 5 5 Cover Sessile Invert_Concrete Invert_Rock Invert N Invertebrates ALL 15x10x3cm 0.0126 Y Tile limestonevsconcrete Limestone Rock_limestone Rock_Concrete Rock Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete 5m subtidal Final 9.000000 40.0821 18.303 Site 1 Otranto , Italy Mediterranean Rocky subtidal Exposed NS Fig 3A Grazers in background substrate (sea urchins) - removed. 9cm x 14cm of each tile considered for counts.
Guarnieri et al 2009 2009 1.2689100 0.7242177 1.7552200 1.0863489 10 10 10 Cover Sessile Invert_Concrete Invert_Rock Invert N Invertebrates ALL 15x10x3cm 0.015 Y Tile limestonevsconcrete Limestone Rock_limestone Rock_Concrete Rock Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete 5m subtidal NA 3.000000 40.0821 18.303 Site 1 Otranto , Italy Mediterranean Rocky subtidal Exposed Significant Fig 3A
Guarnieri et al 2009 2009 1.4457800 0.9414964 0.5059720 0.4345396 5 5 5 Cover Sessile Invert_Concrete Invert_Rock Invert N Invertebrates ALL 15x10x3cm 0.0126 Y Tile granitevsconcrete Granite Rock_granite Rock_Concrete Rock Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete 5m subtidal Final 9.000000 40.121 17.5506 Site 2 Porto Cesaro, Italy Mediterranean Rocky subtidal Exposed NS Fig 3A Grazers in background substrate (sea urchins) - removed. 9cm x 14cm of each tile considered for counts.
Guarnieri et al 2009 2009 1.4557200 0.8690702 0.6141490 0.2896938 5 5 5 Cover Sessile Invert_Concrete Invert_Rock Invert N Invertebrates ALL 15x10x3cm 0.0126 Y Tile limestonevsconcrete Limestone Rock_limestone Rock_Concrete Rock Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete 5m subtidal Final 9.000000 40.4302 17.4758 Site 2 Guaceto, Italy Mediterranean Rocky subtidal Exposed NS Fig 3A Grazers in background substrate (sea urchins) - removed. 9cm x 14cm of each tile considered for counts.
Guarnieri et al 2009 2009 1.5265100 0.9414964 1.4283200 0.5069613 10 10 10 Cover Sessile Invert_Concrete Invert_Rock Invert N Invertebrates ALL 15x10x3cm 0.015 Y Tile sandstonevsconcrete Sandstone Rock_sandstone Rock_Concrete Rock Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete 5m subtidal NA 3.000000 40.121 17.5506 Site 2 Porto Cesaro, Italy Mediterranean Rocky subtidal Exposed Significant Fig 3A
Guarnieri et al 2009 2009 1.6316300 0.5069613 0.4975390 0.2172698 10 10 10 Cover Sessile Invert_Concrete Invert_Rock Invert N Invertebrates ALL 15x10x3cm 0.015 Y Tile granitevsconcrete Granite Rock_granite Rock_Concrete Rock Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete 5m subtidal NA 3.000000 40.4302 17.4758 Site 1 Guaceto, Italy Mediterranean Rocky subtidal Exposed Significant Fig 3A
Guarnieri et al 2009 2009 1.8428800 0.8690702 0.4820700 0.3621156 5 5 5 Cover Sessile Invert_Concrete Invert_Rock Invert N Invertebrates ALL 15x10x3cm 0.0126 Y Tile granitevsconcrete Granite Rock_granite Rock_Concrete Rock Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete 5m subtidal Final 9.000000 40.4302 17.4758 Site 1 Guaceto, Italy Mediterranean Rocky subtidal Exposed NS Fig 3A Grazers in background substrate (sea urchins) - removed. 9cm x 14cm of each tile considered for counts.
Guarnieri et al 2009 2009 1.9425700 1.0139227 0.6141490 0.2896938 5 5 5 Cover Sessile Invert_Concrete Invert_Rock Invert N Invertebrates ALL 15x10x3cm 0.0126 Y Tile granitevsconcrete Granite Rock_granite Rock_Concrete Rock Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete 5m subtidal Final 9.000000 40.4302 17.4758 Site 2 Guaceto, Italy Mediterranean Rocky subtidal Exposed NS Fig 3A Grazers in background substrate (sea urchins) - removed. 9cm x 14cm of each tile considered for counts.
Guarnieri et al 2009 2009 2.0323200 0.9414964 1.7721900 0.7242401 5 5 5 Cover Sessile Invert_Concrete Invert_Rock Invert N Invertebrates ALL 15x10x3cm 0.0126 Y Tile sandstonevsconcrete Sandstone Rock_sandstone Rock_Concrete Rock Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete 5m subtidal Final 9.000000 40.0821 18.303 Site 1 Otranto , Italy Mediterranean Rocky subtidal Exposed NS Fig 3A Grazers in background substrate (sea urchins) - removed. 9cm x 14cm of each tile considered for counts.
Guarnieri et al 2009 2009 2.1767500 0.7242401 1.7552200 1.0863489 10 10 10 Cover Sessile Invert_Concrete Invert_Rock Invert N Invertebrates ALL 15x10x3cm 0.015 Y Tile granitevsconcrete Granite Rock_granite Rock_Concrete Rock Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete 5m subtidal NA 3.000000 40.0821 18.303 Site 1 Otranto , Italy Mediterranean Rocky subtidal Exposed Significant Fig 3A
Guarnieri et al 2009 2009 2.7622700 0.9415188 3.4742900 1.2312014 10 10 10 Cover Sessile Invert_Concrete Invert_Rock Invert N Invertebrates ALL 15x10x3cm 0.015 Y Tile granitevsconcrete Granite Rock_granite Rock_Concrete Rock Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete 5m subtidal NA 3.000000 40.0821 18.303 Site 2 Otranto , Italy Mediterranean Rocky subtidal Exposed Significant Fig 3A
Guarnieri et al 2009 2009 3.2162000 0.8690702 3.4742900 1.2312014 10 10 10 Cover Sessile Invert_Concrete Invert_Rock Invert N Invertebrates ALL 15x10x3cm 0.015 Y Tile sandstonevsconcrete Sandstone Rock_sandstone Rock_Concrete Rock Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete 5m subtidal NA 3.000000 40.0821 18.303 Site 2 Otranto , Italy Mediterranean Rocky subtidal Exposed Significant Fig 3A
Guarnieri et al 2009 2009 3.4907800 1.8829928 3.0701600 1.2311790 5 5 5 Cover Sessile Invert_Concrete Invert_Rock Invert N Invertebrates ALL 15x10x3cm 0.0126 Y Tile limestonevsconcrete Limestone Rock_limestone Rock_Concrete Rock Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete 5m subtidal Final 9.000000 40.0821 18.303 Site 2 Otranto , Italy Mediterranean Rocky subtidal Exposed NS Fig 3A Grazers in background substrate (sea urchins) - removed. 9cm x 14cm of each tile considered for counts.
Guarnieri et al 2009 2009 3.5864400 1.3760315 1.7721900 0.7242401 5 5 5 Cover Sessile Invert_Concrete Invert_Rock Invert N Invertebrates ALL 15x10x3cm 0.0126 Y Tile granitevsconcrete Granite Rock_granite Rock_Concrete Rock Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete 5m subtidal Final 9.000000 40.0821 18.303 Site 1 Otranto , Italy Mediterranean Rocky subtidal Exposed NS Fig 3A Grazers in background substrate (sea urchins) - removed. 9cm x 14cm of each tile considered for counts.
Guarnieri et al 2009 2009 3.7190000 1.2312014 3.0701600 1.2311790 5 5 5 Cover Sessile Invert_Concrete Invert_Rock Invert N Invertebrates ALL 15x10x3cm 0.0126 Y Tile sandstonevsconcrete Sandstone Rock_sandstone Rock_Concrete Rock Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete 5m subtidal Final 9.000000 40.0821 18.303 Site 2 Otranto , Italy Mediterranean Rocky subtidal Exposed NS Fig 3A Grazers in background substrate (sea urchins) - removed. 9cm x 14cm of each tile considered for counts.
Guarnieri et al 2009 2009 3.7642800 1.3036276 1.7552200 1.0863489 10 10 10 Cover Sessile Invert_Concrete Invert_Rock Invert N Invertebrates ALL 15x10x3cm 0.015 Y Tile sandstonevsconcrete Sandstone Rock_sandstone Rock_Concrete Rock Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete 5m subtidal NA 3.000000 40.0821 18.303 Site 1 Otranto , Italy Mediterranean Rocky subtidal Exposed Significant Fig 3A
Guarnieri et al 2009 2009 5.8237300 2.3899542 3.0701600 1.2311790 5 5 5 Cover Sessile Invert_Concrete Invert_Rock Invert N Invertebrates ALL 15x10x3cm 0.0126 Y Tile granitevsconcrete Granite Rock_granite Rock_Concrete Rock Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete 5m subtidal Final 9.000000 40.0821 18.303 Site 2 Otranto , Italy Mediterranean Rocky subtidal Exposed NS Fig 3A Grazers in background substrate (sea urchins) - removed. 9cm x 14cm of each tile considered for counts.
Hanson1976 1976 0.2000000 NA 2.9000000 NA 9 3 3 Density Sessile Invert_Concrete Invert_Wood Invert Y Barnacles Barnacles Balanus Thoracica Thoracica 10x10cm 0.0001 Y Tile WoodvsConcrete Wood_pine Wood_pine Wood_Concrete Wood Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete 1m subtidal NA 1.930000 48.42 -122.58 USA Puget sound tiles sheltered Significant Table 2
Hanson1976 1976 0.2000000 NA 0.2000000 NA 9 9 3 Density Sessile Invert_Metal Invert_Wood Invert Y Barnacles Barnacles Balanus Thoracica Thoracica 10x10cm 0.0001 Y Tile WoodvsSteel Wood_pine Wood_pine Wood_Metal Wood Steel Metal_steel Metal_steel Metal 1m subtidal NA 1.930000 48.42 -122.58 USA Puget sound tiles sheltered Significant Table 2
Hanson1976 1976 0.2000000 NA 0.1000000 NA 9 9 3 Density Sessile Invert_Polymer Invert_Wood Invert Y Barnacles Barnacles Balanus Thoracica Thoracica 10x10cm 0.0001 Y Tile WoodvsPersplexs Wood_pine Wood_pine Wood_Polymer Wood Perspex Polymer_mix Polymer_mix Polymer 1m subtidal NA 1.930000 48.42 -122.58 USA Puget sound tiles sheltered Significant Table 2
Hanson1976 1976 0.2000000 NA 0.0000000 NA 9 3 3 Density Sessile Invert_Metal Invert_Wood Invert Y Barnacles Barnacles Balanus Thoracica Thoracica 10x10cm 0.0001 Y Tile WoodvsMetal Wood_pine Wood_pine Wood_Metal Wood Metal_nickel Metal_nickel Metal_nickel Metal 1m subtidal NA 1.930000 48.42 -122.58 USA Puget sound tiles sheltered Significant Table 2
Hanson1976 1976 0.4000000 NA 4.9000000 NA 9 3 3 Density Sessile Invert_Concrete Invert_Wood Invert Y Barnacles Barnacles Balanus Thoracica Thoracica 10x10cm 0.0001 Y Tile WoodvsConcrete Wood_pine Wood_pine Wood_Concrete Wood Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete 1m subtidal NA 2.530000 48.42 -122.58 USA Puget sound tiles sheltered Significant Table 2
Hanson1976 1976 0.4000000 NA 0.8000000 NA 9 9 3 Density Sessile Invert_Polymer Invert_Wood Invert Y Barnacles Barnacles Balanus Thoracica Thoracica 10x10cm 0.0001 Y Tile WoodvsPersplexs Wood_pine Wood_pine Wood_Polymer Wood Perspex Polymer_mix Polymer_mix Polymer 1m subtidal NA 2.530000 48.42 -122.58 USA Puget sound tiles sheltered Significant Table 2
Hanson1976 1976 0.4000000 NA 0.3000000 NA 9 9 3 Density Sessile Invert_Metal Invert_Wood Invert Y Barnacles Barnacles Balanus Thoracica Thoracica 10x10cm 0.0001 Y Tile WoodvsSteel Wood_pine Wood_pine Wood_Metal Wood Steel Metal_steel Metal_steel Metal 1m subtidal NA 2.530000 48.42 -122.58 USA Puget sound tiles sheltered Significant Table 2
Hanson1976 1976 0.4000000 NA 0.0000000 NA 9 3 3 Density Sessile Invert_Metal Invert_Wood Invert Y Barnacles Barnacles Balanus Thoracica Thoracica 10x10cm 0.0001 Y Tile WoodvsMetal Wood_pine Wood_pine Wood_Metal Wood Metal_nickel Metal_nickel Metal_nickel Metal 1m subtidal NA 2.530000 48.42 -122.58 USA Puget sound tiles sheltered Significant Table 2
Hanson1976 1976 0.9000000 NA 2.1000000 NA 9 3 3 Density Sessile Invert_Concrete Invert_Wood Invert Y Barnacles Barnacles Balanus Thoracica Thoracica 10x10cm 0.0001 Y Tile WoodvsConcrete Wood_pine Wood_pine Wood_Concrete Wood Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete 1m subtidal Final 3.360000 48.42 -122.58 USA Puget sound tiles sheltered NS Table 2
Hanson1976 1976 0.9000000 NA 0.2000000 NA 9 9 3 Density Sessile Invert_Polymer Invert_Wood Invert Y Barnacles Barnacles Balanus Thoracica Thoracica 10x10cm 0.0001 Y Tile WoodvsPersplexs Wood_pine Wood_pine Wood_Polymer Wood Perspex Polymer_mix Polymer_mix Polymer 1m subtidal Final 3.360000 48.42 -122.58 USA Puget sound tiles sheltered NS Table 2
Hanson1976 1976 0.9000000 NA 0.1000000 NA 9 9 3 Density Sessile Invert_Metal Invert_Wood Invert Y Barnacles Barnacles Balanus Thoracica Thoracica 10x10cm 0.0001 Y Tile WoodvsSteel Wood_pine Wood_pine Wood_Metal Wood Steel Metal_steel Metal_steel Metal 1m subtidal Final 3.360000 48.42 -122.58 USA Puget sound tiles sheltered NS Table 2
Hanson1976 1976 0.9000000 NA 0.0000000 NA 9 3 3 Density Sessile Invert_Metal Invert_Wood Invert Y Barnacles Barnacles Balanus Thoracica Thoracica 10x10cm 0.0001 Y Tile WoodvsMetal Wood_pine Wood_pine Wood_Metal Wood Metal_nickel Metal_nickel Metal_nickel Metal 1m subtidal Final 3.360000 48.42 -122.58 USA Puget sound tiles sheltered NS Table 2
Hills 1996 1996 18.2200000 NA 12.4700000 NA 1 1 1 Density Sessile Invert_Concrete Invert_Rock Invert Y Barnacles Barnacles Semibalanus balanoides Semibalanus balanoides Thoracica 50x50cm, but 10x10 cm quadrats 0.0001 Y available pieces of material sandstonevsconcrete_2 Sandstone Rock_sandstone Rock_Concrete Rock Concrete_2 Concrete Concrete Concrete mid Intertidal Final 1.000000 55.76649 -4.862936 UK Firth of Clyde UK Pier Exposed Nothing on enamelled metal, roughness also measured Table 1
Hills 1996 1996 18.2200000 NA 0.0000000 NA 1 1 1 Density Sessile Invert_Metal Invert_Rock Invert Y Barnacles Barnacles Semibalanus balanoides Semibalanus balanoides Thoracica 50x50cm, but 10x10 cm quadrats 0.0001 Y available pieces of material sandstonevsenamelmetal Sandstone Rock_sandstone Rock_Metal Rock Enamelled Metal Metal_enamelled Metal_enamelled Metal mid Intertidal Final 1.000000 55.76649 -4.862936 UK Firth of Clyde UK Pier Exposed Nothing on enamelled metal, roughness also measured Table 1
Hills 1996 1996 18.2200000 NA 6.5600000 NA 1 1 1 Density Sessile Invert_Metal Invert_Rock Invert Y Barnacles Barnacles Semibalanus balanoides Semibalanus balanoides Thoracica 50x50cm, but 10x10 cm quadrats 0.0001 Y available pieces of material sandstonevsrustymetal Sandstone Rock_sandstone Rock_Metal Rock Rusty metal Metal_steel Metal_steel Metal mid Intertidal Final 1.000000 55.76649 -4.862936 UK Firth of Clyde UK Pier Exposed Nothing on enamelled metal, roughness also measured Table 1
Hills 1996 1996 18.2200000 NA 24.0900000 NA 1 1 1 Density Sessile Invert_Concrete Invert_Rock Invert Y Barnacles Barnacles Semibalanus balanoides Semibalanus balanoides Thoracica 50x50cm, but 10x10 cm quadrats 0.0001 Y available pieces of material sandstonevsconcrete_6 Sandstone Rock_sandstone Rock_Concrete Rock Concrete_6 Concrete Concrete Concrete mid Intertidal Final 1.000000 55.76649 -4.862936 UK Firth of Clyde UK Pier Exposed Nothing on enamelled metal, roughness also measured Table 1
Hills 1996 1996 8.3700000 NA 12.4700000 NA 1 1 1 Density Sessile Invert_Concrete Invert_Wood Invert Y Barnacles Barnacles Semibalanus balanoides Semibalanus balanoides Thoracica 50x50cm, but 10x10 cm quadrats 0.0001 Y available pieces of material wood_3vsconcrete_2 Wood_3 Wood_unclassified Wood_Concrete Wood Concrete_2 Concrete Concrete Concrete mid Intertidal Final 1.000000 55.76649 -4.862936 UK Firth of Clyde UK Pier Exposed Nothing on enamelled metal, roughness also measured Table 1
Hills 1996 1996 8.3700000 NA 0.0000000 NA 1 1 1 Density Sessile Invert_Metal Invert_Wood Invert Y Barnacles Barnacles Semibalanus balanoides Semibalanus balanoides Thoracica 50x50cm, but 10x10 cm quadrats 0.0001 Y available pieces of material wood_3vsenamelmetal Wood_3 Wood_unclassified Wood_Metal Wood Enamelled Metal Metal_enamelled Metal_enamelled Metal mid Intertidal Final 1.000000 55.76649 -4.862936 UK Firth of Clyde UK Pier Exposed Nothing on enamelled metal, roughness also measured Table 1
Hills 1996 1996 8.3700000 NA 6.5600000 NA 1 1 1 Density Sessile Invert_Metal Invert_Wood Invert Y Barnacles Barnacles Semibalanus balanoides Semibalanus balanoides Thoracica 50x50cm, but 10x10 cm quadrats 0.0001 Y available pieces of material wood_3vsrustymetal Wood_3 Wood_unclassified Wood_Metal Wood Rusty metal Metal_steel Metal_steel Metal mid Intertidal Final 1.000000 55.76649 -4.862936 UK Firth of Clyde UK Pier Exposed Nothing on enamelled metal, roughness also measured Table 1
Hills 1996 1996 8.3700000 NA 24.0900000 NA 1 1 1 Density Sessile Invert_Concrete Invert_Wood Invert Y Barnacles Barnacles Semibalanus balanoides Semibalanus balanoides Thoracica 50x50cm, but 10x10 cm quadrats 0.0001 Y available pieces of material wood_3vsconcrete_6 Wood_3 Wood_unclassified Wood_Concrete Wood Concrete_6 Concrete Concrete Concrete mid Intertidal Final 1.000000 55.76649 -4.862936 UK Firth of Clyde UK Pier Exposed Nothing on enamelled metal, roughness also measured Table 1
Hills 1996 1996 15.6500000 NA 12.4700000 NA 1 1 1 Density Sessile Invert_Concrete Invert_Wood Invert Y Barnacles Barnacles Semibalanus balanoides Semibalanus balanoides Thoracica 50x50cm, but 10x10 cm quadrats 0.0001 Y available pieces of material wood_5vsconcrete_2 Wood_5 Wood_unclassified Wood_Concrete Wood Concrete_2 Concrete Concrete Concrete mid Intertidal Final 1.000000 55.76649 -4.862936 UK Firth of Clyde UK Pier Exposed Nothing on enamelled metal, roughness also measured Table 1
Hills 1996 1996 15.6500000 NA 0.0000000 NA 1 1 1 Density Sessile Invert_Metal Invert_Wood Invert Y Barnacles Barnacles Semibalanus balanoides Semibalanus balanoides Thoracica 50x50cm, but 10x10 cm quadrats 0.0001 Y available pieces of material wood_5vsenamelmetal Wood_5 Wood_unclassified Wood_Metal Wood Enamelled Metal Metal_enamelled Metal_enamelled Metal mid Intertidal Final 1.000000 55.76649 -4.862936 UK Firth of Clyde UK Pier Exposed Nothing on enamelled metal, roughness also measured Table 1
Hills 1996 1996 15.6500000 NA 6.5600000 NA 1 1 1 Density Sessile Invert_Metal Invert_Wood Invert Y Barnacles Barnacles Semibalanus balanoides Semibalanus balanoides Thoracica 50x50cm, but 10x10 cm quadrats 0.0001 Y available pieces of material wood_5vsrustymetal Wood_5 Wood_unclassified Wood_Metal Wood Rusty metal Metal_steel Metal_steel Metal mid Intertidal Final 1.000000 55.76649 -4.862936 UK Firth of Clyde UK Pier Exposed Nothing on enamelled metal, roughness also measured Table 1
Hills 1996 1996 15.6500000 NA 24.0900000 NA 1 1 1 Density Sessile Invert_Concrete Invert_Wood Invert Y Barnacles Barnacles Semibalanus balanoides Semibalanus balanoides Thoracica 50x50cm, but 10x10 cm quadrats 0.0001 Y available pieces of material wood_5vsconcrete_6 Wood_5 Wood_unclassified Wood_Concrete Wood Concrete_6 Concrete Concrete Concrete mid Intertidal Final 1.000000 55.76649 -4.862936 UK Firth of Clyde UK Pier Exposed Nothing on enamelled metal, roughness also measured Table 1
Chapman & Clynick 2006 2006 12.0000000 NA 10.0000000 NA 1 1 1 Richness Fish Fish_Polymer Fish_Rock Fish N Fish all 1.5mx1.5mx0.8m NA Y Reef Mixed (vertical and horizontal) rockvstyre Rock Rock_unclassified Rock_Polymer Rock Rubber Polymer_rubber Polymer_rubber Polymer 6 m subtidal NA 13.000000 -33.85 151.54 Australia Sydney harbour Reef Sheltered Significant Figure6 Replicates - Fish are counted over the whole reef, no quadrats used.. All replicates for each substrate have been summed (not averaged), therefore the replicate for the mean and control in this case is 1. Size of sampled area in m2 - this is NA as the area above each reef was included too.
Hixon&Brostoff1985 1985 13.3000000 13.4000000 38.6000000 15.5000000 7 7 7 Cover Sessile Algae_Polymer Algae_Biogenic Algae Y Coralline_Algae EncrustingCoralline ALL Corallinales Corallinales NA NA Y Tile CoralvsPlastic Coral Biogenic_coral Biogenic_Polymer Biogenic Perspex Polymer_mix Polymer_mix Polymer NA subtidal Final 12.000000 21.47 -157.81 Hawaii Hawaii Reef Exposed NS Table
Kennedy2017 2017 8.2400000 4.1900000 12.3800000 1.6800000 16 8 8 Cover Sessile Algae_Clay Algae_Rock Algae Y Coralline_Algae EncrustingCoralline CCA Corallinales Corallinales 4.5X4.5 cm 0.2025 Y Tile Horizontal limestonevsterracotta Limestone Rock_limestone Rock_Clay Rock Terracotta Clay Clay_unglazed Clay NA subtidal Final 6.000000 -23.44 151.92 Australia Great Barrier Reef Reef Back Exposed NS Fig 3
Kennedy2017 2017 8.2400000 4.1900000 11.7300000 3.6300000 16 8 8 Cover Sessile Algae_Polymer Algae_Rock Algae Y Coralline_Algae EncrustingCoralline CCA Corallinales Corallinales 4.5X4.5 cm 0.2025 Y Tile Horizontal LimestonevsPoly Limestone Rock_limestone Rock_Polymer Rock Polycarbonate Polymer_mix Polymer_mix Polymer NA subtidal Final 6.000000 -23.44 151.92 Australia Great Barrier Reef Reef Back Exposed NS Fig 3
Kennedy2017 2017 8.2400000 4.1900000 4.1000000 0.0000000 16 3 8 Cover Sessile Algae_Clay Algae_Rock Algae Y Coralline_Algae EncrustingCoralline CCA Corallinales Corallinales 4.5X4.5 cm 0.2025 Y Tile Horizontal LimestonevsPorcelain Limestone Rock_limestone Rock_Clay Rock Porcelain Clay Clay_porcelain Clay NA subtidal Final 6.000000 -23.44 151.92 Australia Great Barrier Reef Reef Back Exposed NS Fig 3
Kennedy2017 2017 23.9300000 10.9600000 47.1700000 5.0600000 16 8 8 Cover Sessile Algae_Clay Algae_Rock Algae Y Coralline_Algae EncrustingCoralline CCA Corallinales Corallinales 4.5X4.5 cm 0.2025 Y Tile Horizontal limestonevsterracotta Limestone Rock_limestone Rock_Clay Rock Terracotta Clay Clay_unglazed Clay NA subtidal Final 6.000000 -23.44 151.92 Australia Great Barrier Reef Reef Crest Exposed NS Fig 3
Kennedy2017 2017 23.9300000 10.9600000 34.0500000 8.1600000 16 8 8 Cover Sessile Algae_Polymer Algae_Rock Algae Y Coralline_Algae EncrustingCoralline CCA Corallinales Corallinales 4.5X4.5 cm 0.2025 Y Tile Horizontal LimestonevsPoly Limestone Rock_limestone Rock_Polymer Rock Polycarbonate Polymer_mix Polymer_mix Polymer NA subtidal Final 6.000000 -23.44 151.92 Australia Great Barrier Reef Reef Crest Exposed NS Fig 3
Kennedy2017 2017 23.9300000 10.9600000 33.3000000 0.2900000 16 8 8 Cover Sessile Algae_Polymer Algae_Rock Algae Y Coralline_Algae EncrustingCoralline CCA Corallinales Corallinales 4.5X4.5 cm 0.2025 Y Tile Horizontal LimestonevsPVC Limestone Rock_limestone Rock_Polymer Rock PVC Polymer_mix Polymer_mix Polymer NA subtidal Final 6.000000 -23.44 151.92 Australia Great Barrier Reef Reef Crest Exposed NS Fig 3
Kennedy2017 2017 23.9300000 10.9600000 30.4900000 4.7800000 16 3 8 Cover Sessile Algae_Clay Algae_Rock Algae Y Coralline_Algae EncrustingCoralline CCA Corallinales Corallinales 4.5X4.5 cm 0.2025 Y Tile Horizontal LimestonevsPorcelain Limestone Rock_limestone Rock_Clay Rock Porcelain Clay Clay_porcelain Clay NA subtidal Final 6.000000 -23.44 151.92 Australia Great Barrier Reef Reef Crest Exposed NS Fig 3
Kennedy2017 2017 37.9700000 2.2200000 52.9300000 4.1800000 16 8 8 Cover Sessile Algae_Clay Algae_Rock Algae Y Coralline_Algae EncrustingCoralline CCA Corallinales Corallinales 4.5X4.5 cm 0.2025 Y Tile Horizontal limestonevsterracotta Limestone Rock_limestone Rock_Clay Rock Terracotta Clay Clay_unglazed Clay NA subtidal Final 6.000000 -23.44 151.92 Australia Great Barrier Reef Reef Slope Exposed NS Fig 3
Kennedy2017 2017 37.9700000 2.2200000 39.4500000 4.4600000 16 3 8 Cover Sessile Algae_Clay Algae_Rock Algae Y Coralline_Algae EncrustingCoralline CCA Corallinales Corallinales 4.5X4.5 cm 0.2025 Y Tile Horizontal LimestonevsPorcelain Limestone Rock_limestone Rock_Clay Rock Porcelain Clay Clay_porcelain Clay NA subtidal Final 6.000000 -23.44 151.92 Australia Great Barrier Reef Reef Slope Exposed NS Fig 3
Kennedy2017 2017 37.9700000 2.2200000 38.5200000 8.6400000 16 8 8 Cover Sessile Algae_Polymer Algae_Rock Algae Y Coralline_Algae EncrustingCoralline CCA Corallinales Corallinales 4.5X4.5 cm 0.2025 Y Tile Horizontal LimestonevsPoly Limestone Rock_limestone Rock_Polymer Rock Polycarbonate Polymer_mix Polymer_mix Polymer NA subtidal Final 6.000000 -23.44 151.92 Australia Great Barrier Reef Reef Slope Exposed NS Fig 3
Kennedy2017 2017 37.9700000 2.2200000 36.6600000 3.8700000 16 8 8 Cover Sessile Algae_Polymer Algae_Rock Algae Y Coralline_Algae EncrustingCoralline CCA Corallinales Corallinales 4.5X4.5 cm 0.2025 Y Tile Horizontal LimestonevsPVC Limestone Rock_limestone Rock_Polymer Rock PVC Polymer_mix Polymer_mix Polymer NA subtidal Final 6.000000 -23.44 151.92 Australia Great Barrier Reef Reef Slope Exposed NS Fig 3
Kennedy2017 2017 7.4800000 1.6900000 27.9600000 5.3300000 16 8 8 Cover Sessile Algae_Clay Algae_Rock Algae Y Coralline_Algae EncrustingCoralline CCA Corallinales Corallinales 4.5X4.5 cm 0.2025 Y Tile Vertical limestonevsterracotta Limestone Rock_limestone Rock_Clay Rock Terracotta Clay Clay_unglazed Clay NA subtidal Final 6.000000 -23.44 151.92 Australia Great Barrier Reef Reef Back Exposed NS Fig 3
Kennedy2017 2017 7.4800000 1.6900000 23.0800000 1.1300000 16 8 8 Cover Sessile Algae_Polymer Algae_Rock Algae Y Coralline_Algae EncrustingCoralline CCA Corallinales Corallinales 4.5X4.5 cm 0.2025 Y Tile Vertical LimestonevsPoly Limestone Rock_limestone Rock_Polymer Rock Polycarbonate Polymer_mix Polymer_mix Polymer NA subtidal Final 6.000000 -23.44 151.92 Australia Great Barrier Reef Reef Back Exposed NS Fig 3
Kennedy2017 2017 7.4800000 1.6900000 16.2400000 1.4100000 16 3 8 Cover Sessile Algae_Clay Algae_Rock Algae Y Coralline_Algae EncrustingCoralline CCA Corallinales Corallinales 4.5X4.5 cm 0.2025 Y Tile Vertical LimestonevsPorcelain Limestone Rock_limestone Rock_Clay Rock Porcelain Clay Clay_porcelain Clay NA subtidal Final 6.000000 -23.44 151.92 Australia Great Barrier Reef Reef Back Exposed NS Fig 3
Kennedy2017 2017 7.4800000 1.6900000 15.8200000 3.9400000 16 8 8 Cover Sessile Algae_Polymer Algae_Rock Algae Y Coralline_Algae EncrustingCoralline CCA Corallinales Corallinales 4.5X4.5 cm 0.2025 Y Tile Vertical LimestonevsPVC Limestone Rock_limestone Rock_Polymer Rock PVC Polymer_mix Polymer_mix Polymer NA subtidal Final 6.000000 -23.44 151.92 Australia Great Barrier Reef Reef Back Exposed NS Fig 3
Kennedy2017 2017 32.3800000 17.1500000 34.8600000 7.4700000 16 8 8 Cover Sessile Algae_Clay Algae_Rock Algae Y Coralline_Algae EncrustingCoralline CCA Corallinales Corallinales 4.5X4.5 cm 0.2025 Y Tile Vertical limestonevsterracotta Limestone Rock_limestone Rock_Clay Rock Terracotta Clay Clay_unglazed Clay NA subtidal Final 6.000000 -23.44 151.92 Australia Great Barrier Reef Reef Crest Exposed NS Fig 3
Kennedy2017 2017 32.3800000 17.1500000 35.9700000 10.2400000 16 3 8 Cover Sessile Algae_Clay Algae_Rock Algae Y Coralline_Algae EncrustingCoralline CCA Corallinales Corallinales 4.5X4.5 cm 0.2025 Y Tile Vertical LimestonevsPorcelain Limestone Rock_limestone Rock_Clay Rock Porcelain Clay Clay_porcelain Clay NA subtidal Final 6.000000 -23.44 151.92 Australia Great Barrier Reef Reef Crest Exposed NS Fig 3
Kennedy2017 2017 32.3800000 17.1500000 33.7600000 13.0000000 16 8 8 Cover Sessile Algae_Polymer Algae_Rock Algae Y Coralline_Algae EncrustingCoralline CCA Corallinales Corallinales 4.5X4.5 cm 0.2025 Y Tile Vertical LimestonevsPVC Limestone Rock_limestone Rock_Polymer Rock PVC Polymer_mix Polymer_mix Polymer NA subtidal Final 6.000000 -23.44 151.92 Australia Great Barrier Reef Reef Crest Exposed NS Fig 3
Kennedy2017 2017 32.3800000 17.1500000 26.8400000 4.7000000 16 8 8 Cover Sessile Algae_Polymer Algae_Rock Algae Y Coralline_Algae EncrustingCoralline CCA Corallinales Corallinales 4.5X4.5 cm 0.2025 Y Tile Vertical LimestonevsPoly Limestone Rock_limestone Rock_Polymer Rock Polycarbonate Polymer_mix Polymer_mix Polymer NA subtidal Final 6.000000 -23.44 151.92 Australia Great Barrier Reef Reef Crest Exposed NS Fig 3
Kennedy2017 2017 30.1900000 6.7300000 38.4600000 3.3600000 16 3 8 Cover Sessile Algae_Clay Algae_Rock Algae Y Coralline_Algae EncrustingCoralline CCA Corallinales Corallinales 4.5X4.5 cm 0.2025 Y Tile Vertical limestonevsterracotta Limestone Rock_limestone Rock_Clay Rock Terracotta Clay Clay_unglazed Clay NA subtidal Final 6.000000 -23.44 151.92 Australia Great Barrier Reef Reef Slope Exposed NS Fig 3
Kennedy2017 2017 30.1900000 6.7300000 35.5200000 3.3500000 16 8 8 Cover Sessile Algae_Polymer Algae_Rock Algae Y Coralline_Algae EncrustingCoralline CCA Corallinales Corallinales 4.5X4.5 cm 0.2025 Y Tile Vertical LimestonevsPVC Limestone Rock_limestone Rock_Polymer Rock PVC Polymer_mix Polymer_mix Polymer NA subtidal Final 6.000000 -23.44 151.92 Australia Great Barrier Reef Reef Slope Exposed NS Fig 3
Kennedy2017 2017 30.1900000 6.7300000 22.7700000 1.1200000 16 8 8 Cover Sessile Algae_Polymer Algae_Rock Algae Y Coralline_Algae EncrustingCoralline CCA Corallinales Corallinales 4.5X4.5 cm 0.2025 Y Tile Vertical LimestonevsPoly Limestone Rock_limestone Rock_Polymer Rock Polycarbonate Polymer_mix Polymer_mix Polymer NA subtidal Final 6.000000 -23.44 151.92 Australia Great Barrier Reef Reef Slope Exposed NS Fig 3
Kennedy2017 2017 30.1900000 6.7300000 16.3400000 1.9500000 16 3 8 Cover Sessile Algae_Clay Algae_Rock Algae Y Coralline_Algae EncrustingCoralline CCA Corallinales Corallinales 4.5X4.5 cm 0.2025 Y Tile Vertical LimestonevsPorcelain Limestone Rock_limestone Rock_Clay Rock Porcelain Clay Clay_porcelain Clay NA subtidal Final 6.000000 -23.44 151.92 Australia Great Barrier Reef Reef Slope Exposed NS Fig 3
Lee2018 2018 29.6666667 35.5668130 36.0000000 50.2045471 6 6 6 Cover Sessile Invert_Polymer Invert_Wood Invert N Invertebrates Ascidian 0.01 y Tile vertical woodvsacrylic Wood Wood_unclassified Wood_Polymer Wood Acrylic Polymer_mix Polymer_mix Polymer 1 Y 2.991779 34°47’9"S 138°29’15"E North Haven Harbour 2015_June Australia Original dataset
Lee2018 2018 29.6666667 35.5668130 16.0000000 20.6746362 6 6 6 Cover Sessile Invert_Concrete Invert_Wood Invert N Invertebrates Ascidian 0.01 y Tile vertical woodvscement Wood Wood_unclassified Wood_Concrete Wood Cement Concrete Concrete Concrete 1 Y 2.991779 34°47’9"S 138°29’15"E North Haven Harbour 2015_June Australia Original dataset
Lee2018 2018 8.6666667 14.5732937 9.8833333 16.2757351 6 6 6 Cover Sessile Invert_Polymer Invert_Wood Invert N Invertebrates Ascidian 0.01 y Tile up facing woodvsacrylic Wood Wood_unclassified Wood_Polymer Wood Acrylic Polymer_mix Polymer_mix Polymer 1 Y 2.991779 34°47’9"S 138°29’15"E North Haven Harbour 2015_September Australia Original dataset
Lee2018 2018 8.6666667 14.5732937 11.6666667 18.5027698 6 6 6 Cover Sessile Invert_Concrete Invert_Wood Invert N Invertebrates Ascidian 0.01 y Tile up facing woodvscement Wood Wood_unclassified Wood_Concrete Wood Cement Concrete Concrete Concrete 1 Y 2.991779 34°47’9"S 138°29’15"E North Haven Harbour 2015_September Australia Original dataset
Lee2018 2018 55.9166667 38.8269244 63.0000000 61.3381014 6 6 6 Cover Sessile Invert_Polymer Invert_Wood Invert N Invertebrates Ascidian 0.01 y Tile vertical woodvsacrylic Wood Wood_unclassified Wood_Polymer Wood Acrylic Polymer_mix Polymer_mix Polymer 1 Y 2.991779 34°47’9"S 138°29’15"E North Haven Harbour 2015_September Australia Original dataset
Lee2018 2018 55.9166667 38.8269244 48.0000000 56.1310314 6 6 6 Cover Sessile Invert_Concrete Invert_Wood Invert N Invertebrates Ascidian 0.01 y Tile vertical woodvscement Wood Wood_unclassified Wood_Concrete Wood Cement Concrete Concrete Concrete 1 Y 2.991779 34°47’9"S 138°29’15"E North Haven Harbour 2015_September Australia Original dataset
Lee2018 2018 1.3333333 3.2659863 5.0000000 11.6472511 6 6 6 Cover Sessile Invert_Polymer Invert_Wood Invert N Invertebrates Ascidian 0.01 y Tile up facing woodvsacrylic Wood Wood_unclassified Wood_Polymer Wood Acrylic Polymer_mix Polymer_mix Polymer 1 Y 2.991779 34°47’9"S 138°29’15"E North Haven Harbour 2015_December Australia Original dataset
Lee2018 2018 1.3333333 3.2659863 4.6666667 10.8307545 6 6 6 Cover Sessile Invert_Concrete Invert_Wood Invert N Invertebrates Ascidian 0.01 y Tile up facing woodvscement Wood Wood_unclassified Wood_Concrete Wood Cement Concrete Concrete Concrete 1 Y 2.991779 34°47’9"S 138°29’15"E North Haven Harbour 2015_December Australia Original dataset
Lee2018 2018 65.5833333 63.0371947 66.0833333 71.0974694 6 6 6 Cover Sessile Invert_Polymer Invert_Wood Invert N Invertebrates Ascidian 0.01 y Tile vertical woodvsacrylic Wood Wood_unclassified Wood_Polymer Wood Acrylic Polymer_mix Polymer_mix Polymer 1 Y 2.991779 34°47’9"S 138°29’15"E Wirrina Cove 2015_June Australia Original dataset
Lee2018 2018 65.5833333 63.0371947 86.0000000 42.6426776 6 6 6 Cover Sessile Invert_Concrete Invert_Wood Invert N Invertebrates Ascidian 0.01 y Tile vertical woodvscement Wood Wood_unclassified Wood_Concrete Wood Cement Concrete Concrete Concrete 1 Y 2.991779 34°47’9"S 138°29’15"E Wirrina Cove 2015_June Australia Original dataset
Lee2018 2018 92.3333333 12.7948897 97.0000000 26.7967408 6 6 6 Cover Sessile Invert_Polymer Invert_Wood Invert N Invertebrates Ascidian 0.01 y Tile downfacing woodvsacrylic Wood Wood_unclassified Wood_Polymer Wood Acrylic Polymer_mix Polymer_mix Polymer 1 Y 2.991779 34°47’9"S 138°29’15"E Wirrina Cove 2015_September Australia Original dataset
Lee2018 2018 92.3333333 12.7948897 93.0000000 16.2918881 6 6 6 Cover Sessile Invert_Concrete Invert_Wood Invert N Invertebrates Ascidian 0.01 y Tile downfacing woodvscement Wood Wood_unclassified Wood_Concrete Wood Cement Concrete Concrete Concrete 1 Y 2.991779 34°47’9"S 138°29’15"E Wirrina Cove 2015_September Australia Original dataset
Lee2018 2018 17.0000000 25.2938202 12.3333333 19.6597197 6 6 6 Cover Sessile Invert_Polymer Invert_Wood Invert N Invertebrates Ascidian 0.01 y Tile up facing woodvsacrylic Wood Wood_unclassified Wood_Polymer Wood Acrylic Polymer_mix Polymer_mix Polymer 1 Y 2.991779 34°47’9"S 138°29’15"E Wirrina Cove 2015_September Australia Original dataset
Lee2018 2018 17.0000000 25.2938202 11.9500000 16.9447897 6 6 6 Cover Sessile Invert_Concrete Invert_Wood Invert N Invertebrates Ascidian 0.01 y Tile up facing woodvscement Wood Wood_unclassified Wood_Concrete Wood Cement Concrete Concrete Concrete 1 Y 2.991779 34°47’9"S 138°29’15"E Wirrina Cove 2015_September Australia Original dataset
Lee2018 2018 79.0000000 40.6406862 75.6666667 61.1772358 6 6 6 Cover Sessile Invert_Polymer Invert_Wood Invert N Invertebrates Ascidian 0.01 y Tile vertical woodvsacrylic Wood Wood_unclassified Wood_Polymer Wood Acrylic Polymer_mix Polymer_mix Polymer 1 Y 2.991779 34°47’9"S 138°29’15"E Wirrina Cove 2015_September Australia Original dataset
Lee2018 2018 79.0000000 40.6406862 56.3500000 41.6177207 6 6 6 Cover Sessile Invert_Concrete Invert_Wood Invert N Invertebrates Ascidian 0.01 y Tile vertical woodvscement Wood Wood_unclassified Wood_Concrete Wood Cement Concrete Concrete Concrete 1 Y 2.991779 34°47’9"S 138°29’15"E Wirrina Cove 2015_September Australia Original dataset
Lee2018 2018 17.9333333 18.8673662 7.3166667 10.8029504 6 6 6 Cover Sessile Invert_Polymer Invert_Wood Invert N Invertebrates Ascidian 0.01 y Tile up facing woodvsacrylic Wood Wood_unclassified Wood_Polymer Wood Acrylic Polymer_mix Polymer_mix Polymer 1 Y 2.991779 34°47’9"S 138°29’15"E Wirrina Cove 2015_December Australia Original dataset
Lee2018 2018 17.9333333 18.8673662 21.3333333 22.2817692 6 6 6 Cover Sessile Invert_Concrete Invert_Wood Invert N Invertebrates Ascidian 0.01 y Tile up facing woodvscement Wood Wood_unclassified Wood_Concrete Wood Cement Concrete Concrete Concrete 1 Y 2.991779 34°47’9"S 138°29’15"E Wirrina Cove 2015_December Australia Original dataset
Lee2018 2018 2.0000000 2.1908902 0.3333333 0.8164966 6 6 6 Cover Sessile Invert_Polymer Invert_Wood Invert N Invertebrates Ascidian 0.01 y Tile up facing woodvsacrylic Wood Wood_unclassified Wood_Polymer Wood Acrylic Polymer_mix Polymer_mix Polymer 1 Y 2.991779 35°30’5"S 138°14’38"E Wirrina Cove 2016_March Australia Original dataset
Lee2018 2018 2.0000000 2.1908902 2.3333333 3.3463187 6 6 6 Cover Sessile Invert_Concrete Invert_Wood Invert N Invertebrates Ascidian 0.01 y Tile up facing woodvscement Wood Wood_unclassified Wood_Concrete Wood Cement Concrete Concrete Concrete 1 Y 2.991779 35°30’5"S 138°14’38"E Wirrina Cove 2016_March Australia Original dataset
Lee2018 2018 63.0000000 67.5459077 85.5000000 127.0235341 5 5 5 Cover Sessile Invert_Polymer Invert_Wood Invert N Invertebrates Bryozoan 0.01 y Tile downfacing woodvsacrylic Wood Wood_unclassified Wood_Polymer Wood Acrylic Polymer_mix Polymer_mix Polymer 1 Y 2.071232 34°47’9"S 138°29’15"E North Haven Harbour 2012_December Australia Original dataset
Lee2018 2018 63.0000000 67.5459077 72.9166667 65.8502122 5 5 5 Cover Sessile Invert_Concrete Invert_Wood Invert N Invertebrates Bryozoan 0.01 y Tile downfacing woodvscement Wood Wood_unclassified Wood_Concrete Wood Cement Concrete Concrete Concrete 1 Y 2.071232 34°47’9"S 138°29’15"E North Haven Harbour 2012_December Australia Original dataset
Lee2018 2018 74.1666667 75.3236953 87.6666667 74.2269110 6 6 6 Cover Sessile Invert_Polymer Invert_Wood Invert N Invertebrates Bryozoan 0.01 y Tile downfacing woodvsacrylic Wood Wood_unclassified Wood_Polymer Wood Acrylic Polymer_mix Polymer_mix Polymer 1 Y 2.071232 34°47’9"S 138°29’15"E North Haven Harbour 2013_February Australia Original dataset
Lee2018 2018 74.1666667 75.3236953 81.8333333 80.7343433 6 6 6 Cover Sessile Invert_Concrete Invert_Wood Invert N Invertebrates Bryozoan 0.01 y Tile downfacing woodvscement Wood Wood_unclassified Wood_Concrete Wood Cement Concrete Concrete Concrete 1 Y 2.071232 34°47’9"S 138°29’15"E North Haven Harbour 2013_February Australia Original dataset
Lee2018 2018 72.8333333 72.5480354 76.3333333 76.2669587 6 6 6 Cover Sessile Invert_Polymer Invert_Wood Invert N Invertebrates Bryozoan 0.01 y Tile downfacing woodvsacrylic Wood Wood_unclassified Wood_Polymer Wood Acrylic Polymer_mix Polymer_mix Polymer 1 Y 2.071232 34°47’9"S 138°29’15"E North Haven Harbour 2013_April Australia Original dataset
Lee2018 2018 72.8333333 72.5480354 82.0000000 59.7454978 6 6 6 Cover Sessile Invert_Concrete Invert_Wood Invert N Invertebrates Bryozoan 0.01 y Tile downfacing woodvscement Wood Wood_unclassified Wood_Concrete Wood Cement Concrete Concrete Concrete 1 Y 2.071232 34°47’9"S 138°29’15"E North Haven Harbour 2013_April Australia Original dataset
Lee2018 2018 43.6666667 28.7517336 63.9166667 49.1319725 6 6 6 Cover Sessile Invert_Polymer Invert_Wood Invert N Invertebrates Bryozoan 0.01 y Tile downfacing woodvsacrylic Wood Wood_unclassified Wood_Polymer Wood Acrylic Polymer_mix Polymer_mix Polymer 1 Y 2.071232 35°30’5"S 138°14’38"E Wirrina Cove 2012_December Australia Original dataset
Lee2018 2018 43.6666667 28.7517336 62.3333333 69.2646155 6 6 6 Cover Sessile Invert_Concrete Invert_Wood Invert N Invertebrates Bryozoan 0.01 y Tile downfacing woodvscement Wood Wood_unclassified Wood_Concrete Wood Cement Concrete Concrete Concrete 1 Y 2.071232 35°30’5"S 138°14’38"E Wirrina Cove 2012_December Australia Original dataset
Lee2018 2018 72.6666667 100.0274392 61.3333333 95.7287948 6 6 6 Cover Sessile Invert_Polymer Invert_Wood Invert N Invertebrates Bryozoan 0.01 y Tile downfacing woodvsacrylic Wood Wood_unclassified Wood_Polymer Wood Acrylic Polymer_mix Polymer_mix Polymer 1 Y 2.071232 35°30’5"S 138°14’38"E Wirrina Cove 2013_February Australia Original dataset
Lee2018 2018 72.6666667 100.0274392 73.5000000 72.0010187 6 6 6 Cover Sessile Invert_Concrete Invert_Wood Invert N Invertebrates Bryozoan 0.01 y Tile downfacing woodvscement Wood Wood_unclassified Wood_Concrete Wood Cement Concrete Concrete Concrete 1 Y 2.071232 35°30’5"S 138°14’38"E Wirrina Cove 2013_February Australia Original dataset
Lee2018 2018 48.2948718 45.0596036 58.3333333 64.2578342 6 6 6 Cover Sessile Invert_Polymer Invert_Wood Invert N Invertebrates Bryozoan 0.01 y Tile downfacing woodvsacrylic Wood Wood_unclassified Wood_Polymer Wood Acrylic Polymer_mix Polymer_mix Polymer 1 Y 2.071232 35°30’5"S 138°14’38"E Wirrina Cove 2013_April Australia Original dataset
Lee2018 2018 48.2948718 45.0596036 43.5000000 38.0520733 6 6 6 Cover Sessile Invert_Concrete Invert_Wood Invert N Invertebrates Bryozoan 0.01 y Tile downfacing woodvscement Wood Wood_unclassified Wood_Concrete Wood Cement Concrete Concrete Concrete 1 Y 2.071232 35°30’5"S 138°14’38"E Wirrina Cove 2013_April Australia Original dataset
Lee2018 2018 75.5000000 59.0274766 80.7000000 80.3491548 6 6 6 Cover Sessile Invert_Polymer Invert_Wood Invert N Invertebrates Bryozoan 0.01 y Tile vertical woodvsacrylic Wood Wood_unclassified Wood_Polymer Wood Acrylic Polymer_mix Polymer_mix Polymer 1 Y 2.071232 34°47’9"S 138°29’15"E North Haven Harbour 2012_December Australia Original dataset
Lee2018 2018 75.5000000 59.0274766 73.9000000 71.1137895 6 6 6 Cover Sessile Invert_Concrete Invert_Wood Invert N Invertebrates Bryozoan 0.01 y Tile vertical woodvscement Wood Wood_unclassified Wood_Concrete Wood Cement Concrete Concrete Concrete 1 Y 2.071232 34°47’9"S 138°29’15"E North Haven Harbour 2012_December Australia Original dataset
Lee2018 2018 70.1666667 71.6280950 78.1666667 100.5236872 6 6 6 Cover Sessile Invert_Polymer Invert_Wood Invert N Invertebrates Bryozoan 0.01 y Tile vertical woodvsacrylic Wood Wood_unclassified Wood_Polymer Wood Acrylic Polymer_mix Polymer_mix Polymer 1 Y 2.071232 34°47’9"S 138°29’15"E North Haven Harbour 2013_February Australia Original dataset
Lee2018 2018 70.1666667 71.6280950 60.6666667 62.4954077 6 6 6 Cover Sessile Invert_Concrete Invert_Wood Invert N Invertebrates Bryozoan 0.01 y Tile vertical woodvscement Wood Wood_unclassified Wood_Concrete Wood Cement Concrete Concrete Concrete 1 Y 2.071232 34°47’9"S 138°29’15"E North Haven Harbour 2013_February Australia Original dataset
Lee2018 2018 38.1666667 43.6215899 36.0000000 49.6165686 6 6 6 Cover Sessile Invert_Polymer Invert_Wood Invert N Invertebrates Bryozoan 0.01 y Tile vertical woodvsacrylic Wood Wood_unclassified Wood_Polymer Wood Acrylic Polymer_mix Polymer_mix Polymer 1 Y 2.071232 34°47’9"S 138°29’15"E North Haven Harbour 2013_April Australia Original dataset
Lee2018 2018 38.1666667 43.6215899 52.1666667 43.1807101 6 6 6 Cover Sessile Invert_Concrete Invert_Wood Invert N Invertebrates Bryozoan 0.01 y Tile vertical woodvscement Wood Wood_unclassified Wood_Concrete Wood Cement Concrete Concrete Concrete 1 Y 2.071232 34°47’9"S 138°29’15"E North Haven Harbour 2013_April Australia Original dataset
Lee2018 2018 28.9166667 33.5397819 46.4166667 47.3884803 6 6 6 Cover Sessile Invert_Polymer Invert_Wood Invert N Invertebrates Bryozoan 0.01 y Tile vertical woodvsacrylic Wood Wood_unclassified Wood_Polymer Wood Acrylic Polymer_mix Polymer_mix Polymer 1 Y 2.071232 35°30’5"S 138°14’38"E Wirrina Cove 2012_December Australia Original dataset
Lee2018 2018 28.9166667 33.5397819 32.0833333 31.1637562 6 6 6 Cover Sessile Invert_Concrete Invert_Wood Invert N Invertebrates Bryozoan 0.01 y Tile vertical woodvscement Wood Wood_unclassified Wood_Concrete Wood Cement Concrete Concrete Concrete 1 Y 2.071232 35°30’5"S 138°14’38"E Wirrina Cove 2012_December Australia Original dataset
Lee2018 2018 60.5000000 89.1315515 75.0000000 107.2659898 6 6 6 Cover Sessile Invert_Polymer Invert_Wood Invert N Invertebrates Bryozoan 0.01 y Tile vertical woodvsacrylic Wood Wood_unclassified Wood_Polymer Wood Acrylic Polymer_mix Polymer_mix Polymer 1 Y 2.071232 35°30’5"S 138°14’38"E Wirrina Cove 2013_February Australia Original dataset
Lee2018 2018 60.5000000 89.1315515 63.6666667 106.4364800 6 6 6 Cover Sessile Invert_Concrete Invert_Wood Invert N Invertebrates Bryozoan 0.01 y Tile vertical woodvscement Wood Wood_unclassified Wood_Concrete Wood Cement Concrete Concrete Concrete 1 Y 2.071232 35°30’5"S 138°14’38"E Wirrina Cove 2013_February Australia Original dataset
Lee2018 2018 23.6666667 26.2561975 29.6666667 30.3092973 6 6 6 Cover Sessile Invert_Polymer Invert_Wood Invert N Invertebrates Bryozoan 0.01 y Tile vertical woodvsacrylic Wood Wood_unclassified Wood_Polymer Wood Acrylic Polymer_mix Polymer_mix Polymer 1 Y 2.071232 35°30’5"S 138°14’38"E Wirrina Cove 2013_April Australia Original dataset
Lee2018 2018 23.6666667 26.2561975 30.6666667 38.6707029 6 6 6 Cover Sessile Invert_Concrete Invert_Wood Invert N Invertebrates Bryozoan 0.01 y Tile vertical woodvscement Wood Wood_unclassified Wood_Concrete Wood Cement Concrete Concrete Concrete 1 Y 2.071232 35°30’5"S 138°14’38"E Wirrina Cove 2013_April Australia Original dataset
Lee2018 2018 49.6666667 50.2448480 42.3333333 47.1238033 6 6 6 Cover Sessile Invert_Polymer Invert_Wood Invert N Invertebrates Bryozoan 0.01 y Tile downfacing woodvsacrylic Wood Wood_unclassified Wood_Polymer Wood Acrylic Polymer_mix Polymer_mix Polymer 1 Y 2.991779 34°47’9"S 138°29’15"E North Haven Harbour 2015_June Australia Original dataset
Lee2018 2018 49.6666667 50.2448480 40.7166667 47.9714074 6 6 6 Cover Sessile Invert_Concrete Invert_Wood Invert N Invertebrates Bryozoan 0.01 y Tile downfacing woodvscement Wood Wood_unclassified Wood_Concrete Wood Cement Concrete Concrete Concrete 1 Y 2.991779 34°47’9"S 138°29’15"E North Haven Harbour 2015_June Australia Original dataset
Lee2018 2018 69.2166667 42.1027825 73.5166667 55.4169516 6 6 6 Cover Sessile Invert_Polymer Invert_Wood Invert N Invertebrates Bryozoan 0.01 y Tile downfacing woodvsacrylic Wood Wood_unclassified Wood_Polymer Wood Acrylic Polymer_mix Polymer_mix Polymer 1 Y 2.991779 34°47’9"S 138°29’15"E North Haven Harbour 2015_September Australia Original dataset
Lee2018 2018 69.2166667 42.1027825 72.1166667 39.7575794 6 6 6 Cover Sessile Invert_Concrete Invert_Wood Invert N Invertebrates Bryozoan 0.01 y Tile downfacing woodvscement Wood Wood_unclassified Wood_Concrete Wood Cement Concrete Concrete Concrete 1 Y 2.991779 34°47’9"S 138°29’15"E North Haven Harbour 2015_September Australia Original dataset
Lee2018 2018 44.6666667 50.9340747 42.3333333 68.7474341 6 6 6 Cover Sessile Invert_Polymer Invert_Wood Invert N Invertebrates Bryozoan 0.01 y Tile downfacing woodvsacrylic Wood Wood_unclassified Wood_Polymer Wood Acrylic Polymer_mix Polymer_mix Polymer 1 Y 2.991779 34°47’9"S 138°29’15"E North Haven Harbour 2015_December Australia Original dataset
Lee2018 2018 44.6666667 50.9340747 64.3333333 80.3936477 6 6 6 Cover Sessile Invert_Concrete Invert_Wood Invert N Invertebrates Bryozoan 0.01 y Tile downfacing woodvscement Wood Wood_unclassified Wood_Concrete Wood Cement Concrete Concrete Concrete 1 Y 2.991779 34°47’9"S 138°29’15"E North Haven Harbour 2015_December Australia Original dataset
Lee2018 2018 42.0000000 61.1215788 42.5166667 75.8908558 6 6 6 Cover Sessile Invert_Polymer Invert_Wood Invert N Invertebrates Bryozoan 0.01 y Tile vertical woodvsacrylic Wood Wood_unclassified Wood_Polymer Wood Acrylic Polymer_mix Polymer_mix Polymer 1 Y 2.991779 34°47’9"S 138°29’15"E North Haven Harbour 2015_December Australia Original dataset
Lee2018 2018 42.0000000 61.1215788 38.0000000 48.7927223 6 6 6 Cover Sessile Invert_Concrete Invert_Wood Invert N Invertebrates Bryozoan 0.01 y Tile vertical woodvscement Wood Wood_unclassified Wood_Concrete Wood Cement Concrete Concrete Concrete 1 Y 2.991779 34°47’9"S 138°29’15"E North Haven Harbour 2015_December Australia Original dataset
Lee2018 2018 64.6666667 72.9896596 57.6666667 79.2336090 6 6 6 Cover Sessile Invert_Polymer Invert_Wood Invert N Invertebrates Bryozoan 0.01 y Tile downfacing woodvsacrylic Wood Wood_unclassified Wood_Polymer Wood Acrylic Polymer_mix Polymer_mix Polymer 1 Y 2.991779 35°30’5"S 138°14’38"E North Haven Harbour 2016_March Australia Original dataset
Lee2018 2018 64.6666667 72.9896596 64.3333333 78.5840437 6 6 6 Cover Sessile Invert_Concrete Invert_Wood Invert N Invertebrates Bryozoan 0.01 y Tile downfacing woodvscement Wood Wood_unclassified Wood_Concrete Wood Cement Concrete Concrete Concrete 1 Y 2.991779 35°30’5"S 138°14’38"E North Haven Harbour 2016_March Australia Original dataset
Lee2018 2018 1.0000000 2.4494897 17.0000000 35.9197253 6 6 6 Cover Sessile Invert_Polymer Invert_Wood Invert N Invertebrates Bryozoan 0.01 y Tile up facing woodvsacrylic Wood Wood_unclassified Wood_Polymer Wood Acrylic Polymer_mix Polymer_mix Polymer 1 Y 2.991779 35°30’5"S 138°14’38"E North Haven Harbour 2016_March Australia Original dataset
Lee2018 2018 1.0000000 2.4494897 3.3333333 6.4205733 6 6 6 Cover Sessile Invert_Concrete Invert_Wood Invert N Invertebrates Bryozoan 0.01 y Tile up facing woodvscement Wood Wood_unclassified Wood_Concrete Wood Cement Concrete Concrete Concrete 1 Y 2.991779 35°30’5"S 138°14’38"E North Haven Harbour 2016_March Australia Original dataset
Lee2018 2018 26.0000000 49.8273933 24.0000000 36.1794973 6 6 6 Cover Sessile Invert_Polymer Invert_Wood Invert N Invertebrates Bryozoan 0.01 y Tile vertical woodvsacrylic Wood Wood_unclassified Wood_Polymer Wood Acrylic Polymer_mix Polymer_mix Polymer 1 Y 2.991779 35°30’5"S 138°14’38"E North Haven Harbour 2016_March Australia Original dataset
Lee2018 2018 26.0000000 49.8273933 25.0000000 49.6423250 6 6 6 Cover Sessile Invert_Concrete Invert_Wood Invert N Invertebrates Bryozoan 0.01 y Tile vertical woodvscement Wood Wood_unclassified Wood_Concrete Wood Cement Concrete Concrete Concrete 1 Y 2.991779 35°30’5"S 138°14’38"E North Haven Harbour 2016_March Australia Original dataset
Lee2018 2018 73.4500000 63.0458924 70.4500000 60.4179280 6 6 6 Cover Sessile Invert_Polymer Invert_Wood Invert N Invertebrates Bryozoan 0.01 y Tile downfacing woodvsacrylic Wood Wood_unclassified Wood_Polymer Wood Acrylic Polymer_mix Polymer_mix Polymer 1 Y 2.991779 34°47’9"S 138°29’15"E Wirrina Cove 2015_June Australia Original dataset
Lee2018 2018 73.4500000 63.0458924 92.6666667 51.2450081 6 6 6 Cover Sessile Invert_Concrete Invert_Wood Invert N Invertebrates Bryozoan 0.01 y Tile downfacing woodvscement Wood Wood_unclassified Wood_Concrete Wood Cement Concrete Concrete Concrete 1 Y 2.991779 34°47’9"S 138°29’15"E Wirrina Cove 2015_June Australia Original dataset
Lee2018 2018 94.0000000 24.5438140 83.3333333 63.8854141 6 6 6 Cover Sessile Invert_Polymer Invert_Wood Invert N Invertebrates Bryozoan 0.01 y Tile downfacing woodvsacrylic Wood Wood_unclassified Wood_Polymer Wood Acrylic Polymer_mix Polymer_mix Polymer 1 Y 2.991779 34°47’9"S 138°29’15"E Wirrina Cove 2015_December Australia Original dataset
Lee2018 2018 94.0000000 24.5438140 84.0000000 30.3930633 6 6 6 Cover Sessile Invert_Concrete Invert_Wood Invert N Invertebrates Bryozoan 0.01 y Tile downfacing woodvscement Wood Wood_unclassified Wood_Concrete Wood Cement Concrete Concrete Concrete 1 Y 2.991779 34°47’9"S 138°29’15"E Wirrina Cove 2015_December Australia Original dataset
Lee2018 2018 87.6666667 44.4090154 86.0000000 87.3286560 6 6 6 Cover Sessile Invert_Polymer Invert_Wood Invert N Invertebrates Bryozoan 0.01 y Tile vertical woodvsacrylic Wood Wood_unclassified Wood_Polymer Wood Acrylic Polymer_mix Polymer_mix Polymer 1 Y 2.991779 34°47’9"S 138°29’15"E Wirrina Cove 2015_December Australia Original dataset
Lee2018 2018 87.6666667 44.4090154 71.3333333 57.2040964 6 6 6 Cover Sessile Invert_Concrete Invert_Wood Invert N Invertebrates Bryozoan 0.01 y Tile vertical woodvscement Wood Wood_unclassified Wood_Concrete Wood Cement Concrete Concrete Concrete 1 Y 2.991779 34°47’9"S 138°29’15"E Wirrina Cove 2015_December Australia Original dataset
Lee2018 2018 58.3000000 59.2792519 60.5333333 67.2722681 6 6 6 Cover Sessile Invert_Polymer Invert_Wood Invert N Invertebrates Bryozoan 0.01 y Tile downfacing woodvsacrylic Wood Wood_unclassified Wood_Polymer Wood Acrylic Polymer_mix Polymer_mix Polymer 1 Y 2.991779 35°30’5"S 138°14’38"E Wirrina Cove 2016_March Australia Original dataset
Lee2018 2018 58.3000000 59.2792519 43.7333333 50.8856875 6 6 6 Cover Sessile Invert_Concrete Invert_Wood Invert N Invertebrates Bryozoan 0.01 y Tile downfacing woodvscement Wood Wood_unclassified Wood_Concrete Wood Cement Concrete Concrete Concrete 1 Y 2.991779 35°30’5"S 138°14’38"E Wirrina Cove 2016_March Australia Original dataset
Lee2018 2018 45.6666667 73.7824015 58.3333333 94.7464122 6 6 6 Cover Sessile Invert_Polymer Invert_Wood Invert N Invertebrates Bryozoan 0.01 y Tile vertical woodvsacrylic Wood Wood_unclassified Wood_Polymer Wood Acrylic Polymer_mix Polymer_mix Polymer 1 Y 2.991779 35°30’5"S 138°14’38"E Wirrina Cove 2016_March Australia Original dataset
Lee2018 2018 45.6666667 73.7824015 34.3333333 48.7765680 6 6 6 Cover Sessile Invert_Concrete Invert_Wood Invert N Invertebrates Bryozoan 0.01 y Tile vertical woodvscement Wood Wood_unclassified Wood_Concrete Wood Cement Concrete Concrete Concrete 1 Y 2.991779 35°30’5"S 138°14’38"E Wirrina Cove 2016_March Australia Original dataset
McGuiness 1989 1989 5.0000000 0.2828427 44.8700000 6.8730779 2 2 2 Cover Sessile Sessile_Concrete Sessile_Wood Sessile N Sessile Algae/invertebrates 10x13cm 0.013 Y Tile WoodvsConcrete Wood Wood_unclassified Wood_Concrete Wood Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete NA intertidal Final 10.000000 9.4 -79.86 Site1 Panama sheltered sheltered Figure1
McGuiness 1989 1989 5.0000000 0.2828427 0.0000000 0.0000000 2 2 2 Cover Sessile Sessile_Polymer Sessile_Wood Sessile N Sessile Algae/invertebrates 10x13cm 0.013 Y Tile WoodvsPersplexs Wood Wood_unclassified Wood_Polymer Wood Perspex Polymer_mix Polymer_mix Polymer NA intertidal Final 10.000000 9.4 -79.86 Site1 Panama sheltered sheltered Figure1
McGuiness 1989 1989 24.3300000 27.5205959 44.8700000 6.8730779 2 2 2 Cover Sessile Sessile_Concrete Sessile_Rock Sessile N Sessile Algae/invertebrates 10x13cm 0.013 Y Tile RockvsConcrete Siltstone Rock_siltstone Rock_Concrete Rock Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete NA intertidal Final 10.000000 9.4 -79.86 Site1 Panama sheltered sheltered Figure1
McGuiness 1989 1989 24.3300000 27.5205959 0.0000000 0.0000000 2 2 2 Cover Sessile Sessile_Polymer Sessile_Rock Sessile N Sessile Algae/invertebrates 10x13cm 0.013 Y Tile RockvsPerspex Siltstone Rock_siltstone Rock_Polymer Rock Perspex Polymer_mix Polymer_mix Polymer NA intertidal Final 10.000000 9.4 -79.86 Site1 Panama sheltered sheltered Figure1
McGuiness 1989 1989 41.6200000 55.8048672 51.3520000 61.1619082 2 2 2 Cover Sessile Sessile_Concrete Sessile_Rock Sessile N Sessile Algae/invertebrates 10x13cm 0.013 Y Tile RockvsConcrete Siltstone Rock_siltstone Rock_Concrete Rock Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete NA intertidal NA 1.000000 9.4 -79.86 Site1 Panama sheltered sheltered Figure1
McGuiness 1989 1989 41.6200000 55.8048672 26.4900000 33.6441406 2 2 2 Cover Sessile Sessile_Polymer Sessile_Rock Sessile N Sessile Algae/invertebrates 10x13cm 0.013 Y Tile RockvsPerspex Siltstone Rock_siltstone Rock_Polymer Rock Perspex Polymer_mix Polymer_mix Polymer NA intertidal NA 1.000000 9.4 -79.86 Site1 Panama sheltered sheltered Figure1
McGuiness 1989 1989 49.1900000 53.5138412 51.3520000 61.1619082 2 2 2 Cover Sessile Sessile_Concrete Sessile_Wood Sessile N Sessile Algae/invertebrates 10x13cm 0.013 Y Tile WoodvsConcrete Wood Wood_unclassified Wood_Concrete Wood Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete NA intertidal NA 1.000000 9.4 -79.86 Site1 Panama sheltered sheltered Figure1
McGuiness 1989 1989 49.1900000 53.5138412 26.4900000 33.6441406 2 2 2 Cover Sessile Sessile_Polymer Sessile_Wood Sessile N Sessile Algae/invertebrates 10x13cm 0.013 Y Tile WoodvsPersplexs Wood Wood_unclassified Wood_Polymer Wood Perspex Polymer_mix Polymer_mix Polymer NA intertidal NA 1.000000 9.4 -79.86 Site1 Panama sheltered sheltered Figure1
McGuiness 1989 1989 52.1500000 61.5890006 56.3900000 55.4937402 2 2 2 Cover Sessile Sessile_Concrete Sessile_Wood Sessile N Sessile Algae/invertebrates 10x13cm 0.013 Y Tile WoodvsConcrete Wood Wood_unclassified Wood_Concrete Wood Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete NA intertidal Final 10.000000 9.4 -79.86 Site2 Panama sheltered sheltered Figure1
McGuiness 1989 1989 52.1500000 61.5890006 53.1800000 65.5063722 2 2 2 Cover Sessile Sessile_Polymer Sessile_Wood Sessile N Sessile Algae/invertebrates 10x13cm 0.013 Y Tile WoodvsPersplexs Wood Wood_unclassified Wood_Polymer Wood Perspex Polymer_mix Polymer_mix Polymer NA intertidal Final 10.000000 9.4 -79.86 Site2 Panama sheltered sheltered Figure1
McGuiness 1989 1989 53.2000000 63.8658845 56.3900000 55.4937402 2 2 2 Cover Sessile Sessile_Concrete Sessile_Rock Sessile N Sessile Algae/invertebrates 10x13cm 0.013 Y Tile RockvsConcrete Siltstone Rock_siltstone Rock_Concrete Rock Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete NA intertidal Final 10.000000 9.4 -79.86 Site2 Panama sheltered sheltered Figure1
McGuiness 1989 1989 53.2000000 63.8658845 53.1800000 65.5063722 2 2 2 Cover Sessile Sessile_Polymer Sessile_Rock Sessile N Sessile Algae/invertebrates 10x13cm 0.013 Y Tile RockvsPerspex Siltstone Rock_siltstone Rock_Polymer Rock Perspex Polymer_mix Polymer_mix Polymer NA intertidal Final 10.000000 9.4 -79.86 Site2 Panama sheltered sheltered Figure1
McGuiness 1989 1989 71.0600000 30.4197337 65.6700000 39.5272691 2 2 2 Cover Sessile Sessile_Polymer Sessile_Rock Sessile N Sessile Algae/invertebrates 10x13cm 0.013 Y Tile RockvsPerspex Siltstone Rock_siltstone Rock_Polymer Rock Perspex Polymer_mix Polymer_mix Polymer NA intertidal NA 1.000000 9.4 -79.86 Site2 Panama sheltered sheltered Figure1
McGuiness 1989 1989 71.0600000 30.4197337 49.5000000 62.3385338 2 2 2 Cover Sessile Sessile_Concrete Sessile_Rock Sessile N Sessile Algae/invertebrates 10x13cm 0.013 Y Tile RockvsConcrete Siltstone Rock_siltstone Rock_Concrete Rock Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete NA intertidal NA 1.000000 9.4 -79.86 Site2 Panama sheltered sheltered Figure1
McGuiness 1989 1989 77.3300000 14.5239733 94.7000000 5.3457273 2 2 2 Cover Sessile Sessile_Concrete Sessile_Rock Sessile N Sessile Algae/invertebrates 10x13cm 0.013 Y Tile RockvsConcrete Siltstone Rock_siltstone Rock_Concrete Rock Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete NA intertidal Final 10.000000 9.4 -79.86 Site3 Panama sheltered sheltered Figure1
McGuiness 1989 1989 77.3300000 14.5239733 94.6500000 3.0547013 2 2 2 Cover Sessile Sessile_Polymer Sessile_Rock Sessile N Sessile Algae/invertebrates 10x13cm 0.013 Y Tile RockvsPerspex Siltstone Rock_siltstone Rock_Polymer Rock Perspex Polymer_mix Polymer_mix Polymer NA intertidal Final 10.000000 9.4 -79.86 Site3 Panama sheltered sheltered Figure1
McGuiness 1989 1989 77.5300000 30.4197337 65.6700000 39.5272691 2 2 2 Cover Sessile Sessile_Polymer Sessile_Wood Sessile N Sessile Algae/invertebrates 10x13cm 0.013 Y Tile WoodvsPersplexs Wood Wood_unclassified Wood_Polymer Wood Perspex Polymer_mix Polymer_mix Polymer NA intertidal NA 1.000000 9.4 -79.86 Site2 Panama sheltered sheltered Figure1
McGuiness 1989 1989 77.5300000 30.4197337 49.5000000 62.3385338 2 2 2 Cover Sessile Sessile_Concrete Sessile_Wood Sessile N Sessile Algae/invertebrates 10x13cm 0.013 Y Tile WoodvsConcrete Wood Wood_unclassified Wood_Concrete Wood Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete NA intertidal NA 1.000000 9.4 -79.86 Site2 Panama sheltered sheltered Figure1
McGuiness 1989 1989 77.8500000 19.8697006 94.7000000 5.3457273 2 2 2 Cover Sessile Sessile_Concrete Sessile_Wood Sessile N Sessile Algae/invertebrates 10x13cm 0.013 Y Tile WoodvsConcrete Wood Wood_unclassified Wood_Concrete Wood Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete NA intertidal Final 10.000000 9.4 -79.86 Site3 Panama sheltered sheltered Figure1
McGuiness 1989 1989 77.8500000 19.8697006 94.6500000 3.0547013 2 2 2 Cover Sessile Sessile_Polymer Sessile_Wood Sessile N Sessile Algae/invertebrates 10x13cm 0.013 Y Tile WoodvsPersplexs Wood Wood_unclassified Wood_Polymer Wood Perspex Polymer_mix Polymer_mix Polymer NA intertidal Final 10.000000 9.4 -79.86 Site3 Panama sheltered sheltered Figure1
McGuiness 1989 1989 78.8400000 12.7137799 13.2300000 8.2307229 2 2 2 Cover Sessile Sessile_Polymer Sessile_Rock Sessile N Sessile Algae/invertebrates 10x13cm 0.013 Y Tile RockvsPerspex Siltstone Rock_siltstone Rock_Polymer Rock Perspex Polymer_mix Polymer_mix Polymer NA intertidal Final 10.000000 9.4 -79.86 Site3 Panama sheltered sheltered Figure1
McGuiness 1989 1989 87.8300000 0.2404163 52.3800000 5.9962655 2 2 2 Cover Sessile Sessile_Concrete Sessile_Wood Sessile N Sessile Algae/invertebrates 10x13cm 0.013 Y Tile WoodvsConcrete Wood Wood_unclassified Wood_Concrete Wood Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete NA intertidal Final 10.000000 9.4 -79.86 Site3 Panama sheltered sheltered Figure1
McGuiness 1989 1989 87.8300000 0.2404163 13.2300000 8.2307229 2 2 2 Cover Sessile Sessile_Polymer Sessile_Wood Sessile N Sessile Algae/invertebrates 10x13cm 0.013 Y Tile WoodvsPersplexs Wood Wood_unclassified Wood_Polymer Wood Perspex Polymer_mix Polymer_mix Polymer NA intertidal Final 10.000000 9.4 -79.86 Site3 Panama sheltered sheltered Figure1
McGuiness 1989 1989 95.5900000 6.1235447 98.3100000 2.3900209 2 2 2 Cover Sessile Sessile_Concrete Sessile_Rock Sessile N Sessile Algae/invertebrates 10x13cm 0.013 Y Tile RockvsConcrete Siltstone Rock_siltstone Rock_Concrete Rock Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete NA intertidal NA 1.000000 9.4 -79.86 Site3 Panama sheltered sheltered Figure1
McGuiness 1989 1989 95.5900000 6.1235447 97.7700000 0.3252691 2 2 2 Cover Sessile Sessile_Polymer Sessile_Rock Sessile N Sessile Algae/invertebrates 10x13cm 0.013 Y Tile RockvsPerspex Siltstone Rock_siltstone Rock_Polymer Rock Perspex Polymer_mix Polymer_mix Polymer NA intertidal NA 1.000000 9.4 -79.86 Site3 Panama sheltered sheltered Figure1
McGuiness 1989 1989 96.3000000 0.9899495 98.4200000 2.2344574 2 2 2 Cover Sessile Sessile_Polymer Sessile_Rock Sessile N Sessile Algae/invertebrates 10x13cm 0.013 Y Tile RockvsPerspex Siltstone Rock_siltstone Rock_Polymer Rock Perspex Polymer_mix Polymer_mix Polymer NA intertidal NA 1.000000 9.4 -79.86 Site3 Panama sheltered sheltered Figure1
McGuiness 1989 1989 96.3000000 0.9899495 97.3600000 3.7335238 2 2 2 Cover Sessile Sessile_Concrete Sessile_Rock Sessile N Sessile Algae/invertebrates 10x13cm 0.013 Y Tile RockvsConcrete Siltstone Rock_siltstone Rock_Concrete Rock Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete NA intertidal NA 1.000000 9.4 -79.86 Site3 Panama sheltered sheltered Figure1
McGuiness 1989 1989 98.9800000 1.4424978 98.4200000 2.2344574 2 2 2 Cover Sessile Sessile_Polymer Sessile_Wood Sessile N Sessile Algae/invertebrates 10x13cm 0.013 Y Tile WoodvsPersplexs Wood Wood_unclassified Wood_Polymer Wood Perspex Polymer_mix Polymer_mix Polymer NA intertidal NA 1.000000 9.4 -79.86 Site3 Panama sheltered sheltered Figure1
McGuiness 1989 1989 98.9800000 1.4424978 97.3600000 3.7335238 2 2 2 Cover Sessile Sessile_Concrete Sessile_Wood Sessile N Sessile Algae/invertebrates 10x13cm 0.013 Y Tile WoodvsConcrete Wood Wood_unclassified Wood_Concrete Wood Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete NA intertidal NA 1.000000 9.4 -79.86 Site3 Panama sheltered sheltered Figure1
McGuiness 1989 1989 99.3500000 0.9192388 98.3100000 2.3900209 2 2 2 Cover Sessile Sessile_Concrete Sessile_Wood Sessile N Sessile Algae/invertebrates 10x13cm 0.013 Y Tile WoodvsConcrete Wood Wood_unclassified Wood_Concrete Wood Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete NA intertidal NA 1.000000 9.4 -79.86 Site3 Panama sheltered sheltered Figure1
McGuiness 1989 1989 99.3500000 0.9192388 97.7700000 0.3252691 2 2 2 Cover Sessile Sessile_Polymer Sessile_Wood Sessile N Sessile Algae/invertebrates 10x13cm 0.013 Y Tile WoodvsPersplexs Wood Wood_unclassified Wood_Polymer Wood Perspex Polymer_mix Polymer_mix Polymer NA intertidal NA 1.000000 9.4 -79.86 Site3 Panama sheltered sheltered Figure1
Norris1991 1991 300.0000000 0.0000000 107.0000000 0.0000000 3 3 3 Density Sessile Invert_Clay Invert_Wood Invert Y Barnacles Barnacles Balanus eburneus <1mm Amphibalanus eburneus Thoracica 10x15cm 0.013 Y Tile woodvsceramic Wood_oak salt treated Wood_oak Wood_Clay Wood Ceramic_unglazed Clay Clay_unglazed Clay mid intertidal NA 0.930000 34.06 -77.89 USA harbour tile sheltered Significant Table 3
Norris1991 1991 300.0000000 0.0000000 400.0000000 5.7157677 3 3 3 Density Sessile Invert_Clay Invert_Wood Invert Y Barnacles Barnacles Balanus eburneus <1mm Amphibalanus eburneus Thoracica 10x15cm 0.013 Y Tile WoodvsBrick Wood_oak salt treated Wood_oak Wood_Clay Wood Brick Clay Clay_brick Clay mid intertidal NA 0.930000 34.06 -77.89 USA harbour tile sheltered Significant Table 3
Norris1991 1991 300.0000000 0.0000000 400.0000000 0.0000000 3 3 3 Density Sessile Invert_Concrete Invert_Wood Invert Y Barnacles Barnacles Balanus eburneus <1mm Amphibalanus eburneus Thoracica 10x15cm 0.013 Y Tile WoodvsConcrete Wood_oak salt treated Wood_oak Wood_Concrete Wood Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete mid intertidal NA 0.930000 34.06 -77.89 USA harbour tile sheltered Significant Table 3
Norris1991 1991 300.0000000 0.0000000 32.0000000 15.9348674 3 3 3 Density Sessile Invert_Polymer Invert_Wood Invert Y Barnacles Barnacles Balanus eburneus <1mm Amphibalanus eburneus Thoracica 10x15cm 0.013 Y Tile WoodvsPlexi Wood_oak salt treated Wood_oak Wood_Polymer Wood Plexi_methyl methacrylate Polymer_mix Polymer_mix Polymer mid intertidal NA 0.930000 34.06 -77.89 USA harbour tile sheltered Significant Table 3
Norris1991 1991 300.0000000 0.0000000 10.0000000 0.5196152 3 3 3 Density Sessile Invert_Polymer Invert_Wood Invert Y Barnacles Barnacles Balanus eburneus <1mm Amphibalanus eburneus Thoracica 10x15cm 0.013 Y Tile WoodvsFibre Wood_oak salt treated Wood_oak Wood_Polymer Wood Fibreglass Polymer_fibreglass Polymer_fibreglass Polymer mid intertidal NA 0.930000 34.06 -77.89 USA harbour tile sheltered Significant Table 3
Norris1991 1991 200.0000000 99.9393316 558.0000000 166.4500826 3 3 3 Density Sessile Invert_Clay Invert_Wood Invert Y Barnacles Barnacles Balanus eburneus <1mm Amphibalanus eburneus Thoracica 10x15cm 0.013 Y Tile woodvsceramic Wood_oak salt treated Wood_oak Wood_Clay Wood Ceramic_unglazed Clay Clay_unglazed Clay mid intertidal NA 1.860000 34.06 -77.89 USA harbour tile sheltered Significant Table 3
Norris1991 1991 200.0000000 99.9393316 550.0000000 173.0318757 3 3 3 Density Sessile Invert_Polymer Invert_Wood Invert Y Barnacles Barnacles Balanus eburneus <1mm Amphibalanus eburneus Thoracica 10x15cm 0.013 Y Tile WoodvsFibre Wood_oak salt treated Wood_oak Wood_Polymer Wood Fibreglass Polymer_fibreglass Polymer_fibreglass Polymer mid intertidal NA 1.860000 34.06 -77.89 USA harbour tile sheltered Significant Table 3
Norris1991 1991 200.0000000 99.9393316 500.0000000 173.0318757 3 3 3 Density Sessile Invert_Concrete Invert_Wood Invert Y Barnacles Barnacles Balanus eburneus <1mm Amphibalanus eburneus Thoracica 10x15cm 0.013 Y Tile WoodvsConcrete Wood_oak salt treated Wood_oak Wood_Concrete Wood Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete mid intertidal NA 1.860000 34.06 -77.89 USA harbour tile sheltered Significant Table 3
Norris1991 1991 200.0000000 99.9393316 400.0000000 0.0000000 3 3 3 Density Sessile Invert_Clay Invert_Wood Invert Y Barnacles Barnacles Balanus eburneus <1mm Amphibalanus eburneus Thoracica 10x15cm 0.013 Y Tile WoodvsBrick Wood_oak salt treated Wood_oak Wood_Clay Wood Brick Clay Clay_brick Clay mid intertidal NA 1.860000 34.06 -77.89 USA harbour tile sheltered Significant Table 3
Norris1991 1991 200.0000000 99.9393316 54.0000000 83.4848489 3 3 3 Density Sessile Invert_Polymer Invert_Wood Invert Y Barnacles Barnacles Balanus eburneus <1mm Amphibalanus eburneus Thoracica 10x15cm 0.013 Y Tile WoodvsPlexi Wood_oak salt treated Wood_oak Wood_Polymer Wood Plexi_methyl methacrylate Polymer_mix Polymer_mix Polymer mid intertidal NA 1.860000 34.06 -77.89 USA harbour tile sheltered Significant Table 3
Norris1991 1991 6.0000000 7.7942286 12.0000000 1.3856406 3 3 3 Density Sessile Invert_Concrete Invert_Wood Invert Y Barnacles Barnacles Balanus eburneus <1mm Amphibalanus eburneus Thoracica 10x15cm 0.013 Y Tile WoodvsConcrete Wood_oak salt treated Wood_oak Wood_Concrete Wood Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete mid intertidal NA 2.800000 34.06 -77.89 USA harbour tile sheltered Significant Table 3
Norris1991 1991 6.0000000 7.7942286 11.0000000 10.0458947 3 3 3 Density Sessile Invert_Clay Invert_Wood Invert Y Barnacles Barnacles Balanus eburneus <1mm Amphibalanus eburneus Thoracica 10x15cm 0.013 Y Tile WoodvsBrick Wood_oak salt treated Wood_oak Wood_Clay Wood Brick Clay Clay_brick Clay mid intertidal NA 2.800000 34.06 -77.89 USA harbour tile sheltered Significant Table 3
Norris1991 1991 6.0000000 7.7942286 4.0000000 3.9837169 3 3 3 Density Sessile Invert_Polymer Invert_Wood Invert Y Barnacles Barnacles Balanus eburneus <1mm Amphibalanus eburneus Thoracica 10x15cm 0.013 Y Tile WoodvsFibre Wood_oak salt treated Wood_oak Wood_Polymer Wood Fibreglass Polymer_fibreglass Polymer_fibreglass Polymer mid intertidal NA 2.800000 34.06 -77.89 USA harbour tile sheltered Significant Table 3
Norris1991 1991 6.0000000 7.7942286 2.0000000 1.5588457 3 3 3 Density Sessile Invert_Polymer Invert_Wood Invert Y Barnacles Barnacles Balanus eburneus <1mm Amphibalanus eburneus Thoracica 10x15cm 0.013 Y Tile WoodvsPlexi Wood_oak salt treated Wood_oak Wood_Polymer Wood Plexi_methyl methacrylate Polymer_mix Polymer_mix Polymer mid intertidal NA 2.800000 34.06 -77.89 USA harbour tile sheltered Significant Table 3
Norris1991 1991 6.0000000 7.7942286 3.0000000 4.1569219 3 3 3 Density Sessile Invert_Clay Invert_Wood Invert Y Barnacles Barnacles Balanus eburneus <1mm Amphibalanus eburneus Thoracica 10x15cm 0.013 Y Tile woodvsceramic Wood_oak salt treated Wood_oak Wood_Clay Wood Ceramic_unglazed Clay Clay_unglazed Clay mid intertidal NA 2.800000 34.06 -77.89 USA harbour tile sheltered Significant Table 3
Norris1991 1991 0.3000000 0.5196152 0.0000000 0.0000000 3 3 3 Density Sessile Invert_Clay Invert_Wood Invert Y Barnacles Barnacles Balanus eburneus <1mm Amphibalanus eburneus Thoracica 10x15cm 0.013 Y Tile WoodvsBrick Wood_oak salt treated Wood_oak Wood_Clay Wood Brick Clay Clay_brick Clay mid intertidal NA 3.730000 34.06 -77.89 USA harbour tile sheltered Significant Table 3
Norris1991 1991 0.3000000 0.5196152 0.0000000 0.0000000 3 3 3 Density Sessile Invert_Concrete Invert_Wood Invert Y Barnacles Barnacles Balanus eburneus <1mm Amphibalanus eburneus Thoracica 10x15cm 0.013 Y Tile WoodvsConcrete Wood_oak salt treated Wood_oak Wood_Concrete Wood Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete mid intertidal NA 3.730000 34.06 -77.89 USA harbour tile sheltered Significant Table 3
Norris1991 1991 0.3000000 0.5196152 0.0000000 0.0000000 3 3 3 Density Sessile Invert_Polymer Invert_Wood Invert Y Barnacles Barnacles Balanus eburneus <1mm Amphibalanus eburneus Thoracica 10x15cm 0.013 Y Tile WoodvsFibre Wood_oak salt treated Wood_oak Wood_Polymer Wood Fibreglass Polymer_fibreglass Polymer_fibreglass Polymer mid intertidal NA 3.730000 34.06 -77.89 USA harbour tile sheltered Significant Table 3
Norris1991 1991 0.3000000 0.5196152 0.0000000 0.0000000 3 3 3 Density Sessile Invert_Polymer Invert_Wood Invert Y Barnacles Barnacles Balanus eburneus <1mm Amphibalanus eburneus Thoracica 10x15cm 0.013 Y Tile WoodvsPlexi Wood_oak salt treated Wood_oak Wood_Polymer Wood Plexi_methyl methacrylate Polymer_mix Polymer_mix Polymer mid intertidal NA 3.730000 34.06 -77.89 USA harbour tile sheltered Significant Table 3
Norris1991 1991 0.3000000 0.5196152 0.0000000 0.0000000 3 3 3 Density Sessile Invert_Clay Invert_Wood Invert Y Barnacles Barnacles Balanus eburneus <1mm Amphibalanus eburneus Thoracica 10x15cm 0.013 Y Tile woodvsceramic Wood_oak salt treated Wood_oak Wood_Clay Wood Ceramic_unglazed Clay Clay_unglazed Clay mid intertidal NA 3.730000 34.06 -77.89 USA harbour tile sheltered Significant Table 3
Norris1991 1991 833.0000000 152.7668812 567.0000000 57.6772919 3 3 3 Density Sessile Invert_Clay Invert_Wood Invert Y Barnacles Barnacles Balanus eburneus <1mm Amphibalanus eburneus Thoracica 10x15cm 0.013 Y Tile woodvsceramic Wood_oak salt treated Wood_oak Wood_Clay Wood Ceramic_unglazed Clay Clay_unglazed Clay mid intertidal NA 4.660000 34.06 -77.89 USA harbour tile sheltered Significant Table 3
Norris1991 1991 833.0000000 152.7668812 700.0000000 200.0518683 3 3 3 Density Sessile Invert_Clay Invert_Wood Invert Y Barnacles Barnacles Balanus eburneus <1mm Amphibalanus eburneus Thoracica 10x15cm 0.013 Y Tile WoodvsBrick Wood_oak salt treated Wood_oak Wood_Clay Wood Brick Clay Clay_brick Clay mid intertidal NA 4.660000 34.06 -77.89 USA harbour tile sheltered Significant Table 3
Norris1991 1991 833.0000000 152.7668812 700.0000000 99.9393316 3 3 3 Density Sessile Invert_Concrete Invert_Wood Invert Y Barnacles Barnacles Balanus eburneus <1mm Amphibalanus eburneus Thoracica 10x15cm 0.013 Y Tile WoodvsConcrete Wood_oak salt treated Wood_oak Wood_Concrete Wood Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete mid intertidal NA 4.660000 34.06 -77.89 USA harbour tile sheltered Significant Table 3
Norris1991 1991 833.0000000 152.7668812 400.0000000 99.9393316 3 3 3 Density Sessile Invert_Polymer Invert_Wood Invert Y Barnacles Barnacles Balanus eburneus <1mm Amphibalanus eburneus Thoracica 10x15cm 0.013 Y Tile WoodvsFibre Wood_oak salt treated Wood_oak Wood_Polymer Wood Fibreglass Polymer_fibreglass Polymer_fibreglass Polymer mid intertidal NA 4.660000 34.06 -77.89 USA harbour tile sheltered Significant Table 3
Norris1991 1991 833.0000000 152.7668812 33.0000000 5.7157677 3 3 3 Density Sessile Invert_Polymer Invert_Wood Invert Y Barnacles Barnacles Balanus eburneus <1mm Amphibalanus eburneus Thoracica 10x15cm 0.013 Y Tile WoodvsPlexi Wood_oak salt treated Wood_oak Wood_Polymer Wood Plexi_methyl methacrylate Polymer_mix Polymer_mix Polymer mid intertidal NA 4.660000 34.06 -77.89 USA harbour tile sheltered Significant Table 3
Norris1991 1991 1383.0000000 236.2517302 1050.0000000 50.0562683 3 3 3 Density Sessile Invert_Clay Invert_Wood Invert Y Barnacles Barnacles Balanus eburneus <1mm Amphibalanus eburneus Thoracica 10x15cm 0.013 Y Tile woodvsceramic Wood_oak salt treated Wood_oak Wood_Clay Wood Ceramic_unglazed Clay Clay_unglazed Clay mid intertidal Final 5.600000 34.06 -77.89 USA harbour tile sheltered Significant Table 3
Norris1991 1991 1383.0000000 236.2517302 1257.0000000 66.1643408 3 3 3 Density Sessile Invert_Concrete Invert_Wood Invert Y Barnacles Barnacles Balanus eburneus <1mm Amphibalanus eburneus Thoracica 10x15cm 0.013 Y Tile WoodvsConcrete Wood_oak salt treated Wood_oak Wood_Concrete Wood Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete mid intertidal Final 5.600000 34.06 -77.89 USA harbour tile sheltered Significant Table 3
Norris1991 1991 1383.0000000 236.2517302 1130.0000000 50.0562683 3 3 3 Density Sessile Invert_Clay Invert_Wood Invert Y Barnacles Barnacles Balanus eburneus <1mm Amphibalanus eburneus Thoracica 10x15cm 0.013 Y Tile WoodvsBrick Wood_oak salt treated Wood_oak Wood_Clay Wood Brick Clay Clay_brick Clay mid intertidal Final 5.600000 34.06 -77.89 USA harbour tile sheltered Significant Table 3
Norris1991 1991 1383.0000000 236.2517302 960.0000000 147.2243186 3 3 3 Density Sessile Invert_Polymer Invert_Wood Invert Y Barnacles Barnacles Balanus eburneus <1mm Amphibalanus eburneus Thoracica 10x15cm 0.013 Y Tile WoodvsFibre Wood_oak salt treated Wood_oak Wood_Polymer Wood Fibreglass Polymer_fibreglass Polymer_fibreglass Polymer mid intertidal Final 5.600000 34.06 -77.89 USA harbour tile sheltered Significant Table 3
Norris1991 1991 1383.0000000 236.2517302 304.0000000 16.4544827 3 3 3 Density Sessile Invert_Polymer Invert_Wood Invert Y Barnacles Barnacles Balanus eburneus <1mm Amphibalanus eburneus Thoracica 10x15cm 0.013 Y Tile WoodvsPlexi Wood_oak salt treated Wood_oak Wood_Polymer Wood Plexi_methyl methacrylate Polymer_mix Polymer_mix Polymer mid intertidal Final 5.600000 34.06 -77.89 USA harbour tile sheltered Significant Table 3
Olaliaet2009 2009 0.0000000 NA 25.0000000 NA 3 3 3 Cover Sessile Invert_Polymer Invert_Wood Invert Y Barnacles Barnacles Barnacles Thoracica Thoracica 15x15cm 0.0225 Y Tile vertical WoodvsPlastic Wood Wood_unclassified Wood_Polymer Wood Plastic Polymer_mix Polymer_mix Polymer NA subtidal NA 1.000000 10.3 123.96 Philippines Mactan Island tile sheltered Significant Figure Grazers excluded
Olaliaet2009 2009 4.1000000 6.3739470 0.0000000 0.0000000 3 3 3 Density Sessile Invert_Polymer Invert_Wood Invert Y Barnacles Barnacles Barnacles Thoracica Thoracica 15x15cm 0.01 Y Tile vertical WoodvsPlastic Wood_vitex parviflora molave Wood_vitex parviflora molave Wood_Polymer Wood Plastic_polypropylene Polymer_mix Polymer_mix Polymer NA subtidal NA 1.000000 10.3 123.96 Philippines Mactan Island tile sheltered Significant Figure 5 Grazers excluded
Olaliaet2009 2009 6.6700000 3.8451528 3.6600000 4.9363448 3 3 3 Density Sessile Invert_Polymer Invert_Wood Invert Y Barnacles Barnacles Barnacles Thoracica Thoracica 15x15cm 0.01 Y Tile vertical WoodvsPlastic Wood_vitex parviflora molave Wood_vitex parviflora molave Wood_Polymer Wood Plastic_polypropylene Polymer_mix Polymer_mix Polymer NA subtidal NA 2.000000 10.3 123.96 Philippines Mactan Island tile sheltered Significant Figure 5 Grazers excluded
Olaliaet2009 2009 13.0200000 2.4768327 4.1300000 6.8589212 3 3 3 Density Sessile Invert_Polymer Invert_Wood Invert Y Barnacles Barnacles Barnacles Thoracica Thoracica 15x15cm 0.01 Y Tile vertical WoodvsPlastic Wood_vitex parviflora molave Wood_vitex parviflora molave Wood_Polymer Wood Plastic_polypropylene Polymer_mix Polymer_mix Polymer NA subtidal NA 3.000000 10.3 123.96 Philippines Mactan Island tile sheltered Significant Figure 5 Grazers excluded
Olaliaet2009 2009 26.6700000 12.3668428 10.6400000 8.7988181 3 3 3 Density Sessile Invert_Polymer Invert_Wood Invert Y Barnacles Barnacles Barnacles Thoracica Thoracica 15x15cm 0.01 Y Tile vertical WoodvsPlastic Wood_vitex parviflora molave Wood_vitex parviflora molave Wood_Polymer Wood Plastic_polypropylene Polymer_mix Polymer_mix Polymer NA subtidal Final 4.000000 10.3 123.96 Philippines Mactan Island tile sheltered Significant Figure 5 Grazers excluded
Olaliaet2009 2009 5.0000000 NA 10.0000000 NA 3 3 3 Cover Sessile Invert_Polymer Invert_Wood Invert Y Barnacles Barnacles Barnacles Thoracica Thoracica 15x15cm 0.0225 Y Tile vertical WoodvsPlastic Wood Wood_unclassified Wood_Polymer Wood Plastic Polymer_mix Polymer_mix Polymer NA subtidal NA 3.000000 10.3 123.96 Philippines Mactan Island tile sheltered Significant Figure Grazers excluded
Olaliaet2009 2009 15.0000000 NA 10.0000000 NA 3 3 3 Cover Sessile Invert_Polymer Invert_Wood Invert Y Barnacles Barnacles Barnacles Thoracica Thoracica 15x15cm 0.0225 Y Tile vertical WoodvsPlastic Wood Wood_unclassified Wood_Polymer Wood Plastic Polymer_mix Polymer_mix Polymer NA subtidal Final 4.000000 10.3 123.96 Philippines Mactan Island tile sheltered S Figure Grazers excluded
Olaliaet2009 2009 25.0000000 NA 17.0000000 NA 3 3 3 Cover Sessile Invert_Polymer Invert_Wood Invert Y Barnacles Barnacles Barnacles Thoracica Thoracica 15x15cm 0.0225 Y Tile vertical WoodvsPlastic Wood Wood_unclassified Wood_Polymer Wood Plastic Polymer_mix Polymer_mix Polymer NA subtidal NA 2.000000 10.3 123.96 Philippines Mactan Island tile sheltered Significant Figure Grazers excluded
Olaliaet2009 2009 0.0000000 NA 10.0000000 NA 3 3 3 Cover Sessile Invert_Polymer Invert_Wood Invert N Benthic Mollusc 15x15cm 0.0225 Y Tile vertical WoodvsPlastic Wood Wood_unclassified Wood_Polymer Wood Plastic Polymer_mix Polymer_mix Polymer NA subtidal NA 2.000000 10.3 123.96 Philippines Mactan Island tile sheltered Significant Figure 4 Grazers excluded
Olaliaet2009 2009 10.0000000 NA 5.0000000 NA 3 3 3 Cover Sessile Invert_Polymer Invert_Wood Invert N Benthic Mollusc 15x15cm 0.0225 Y Tile vertical WoodvsPlastic Wood Wood_unclassified Wood_Polymer Wood Plastic Polymer_mix Polymer_mix Polymer NA subtidal Final 4.000000 10.3 123.96 Philippines Mactan Island tile sheltered Significant Figure 4 Grazers excluded
Olaliaet2009 2009 15.0000000 NA 35.0000000 NA 3 3 3 Cover Sessile Invert_Polymer Invert_Wood Invert N Benthic Mollusc 15x15cm 0.0225 Y Tile vertical WoodvsPlastic Wood Wood_unclassified Wood_Polymer Wood Plastic Polymer_mix Polymer_mix Polymer NA subtidal NA 3.000000 10.3 123.96 Philippines Mactan Island tile sheltered Significant Figure 4 Grazers excluded
Olaliaet2009 2009 20.0000000 NA 0.0000000 NA 3 3 3 Cover Sessile Invert_Polymer Invert_Wood Invert N Benthic Mollusc 15x15cm 0.0225 Y Tile vertical WoodvsPlastic Wood Wood_unclassified Wood_Polymer Wood Plastic Polymer_mix Polymer_mix Polymer NA subtidal NA 1.000000 10.3 123.96 Philippines Mactan Island tile sheltered Significant Figure 4 Grazers excluded
Olaliaet2009 2009 0.0000000 0.0000000 0.0000000 0.0000000 3 3 3 Density Sessile Invert_Polymer Invert_Wood Invert N Benthic Mollusc 15x15cm 0.01 Y Tile vertical WoodvsPlastic Wood_vitex parviflora molave Wood_vitex parviflora molave Wood_Polymer Wood Plastic_polypropylene Polymer_mix Polymer_mix Polymer NA subtidal NA 1.000000 10.3 123.96 Philippines Mactan Island tile sheltered Significant Figure 5 Grazers excluded
Olaliaet2009 2009 4.2600000 3.4121401 0.0000000 0.0000000 3 3 3 Density Sessile Invert_Polymer Invert_Wood Invert N Benthic Mollusc 15x15cm 0.01 Y Tile vertical WoodvsPlastic Wood_vitex parviflora molave Wood_vitex parviflora molave Wood_Polymer Wood Plastic_polypropylene Polymer_mix Polymer_mix Polymer NA subtidal NA 2.000000 10.3 123.96 Philippines Mactan Island tile sheltered Significant Figure 5 Grazers excluded
Olaliaet2009 2009 5.2500000 3.3948196 3.3000000 4.0703194 3 3 3 Density Sessile Invert_Polymer Invert_Wood Invert N Benthic Mollusc 15x15cm 0.01 Y Tile vertical WoodvsPlastic Wood_vitex parviflora molave Wood_vitex parviflora molave Wood_Polymer Wood Plastic_polypropylene Polymer_mix Polymer_mix Polymer NA subtidal Final 4.000000 10.3 123.96 Philippines Mactan Island tile sheltered Significant Figure 5 Grazers excluded
Olaliaet2009 2009 63.9700000 50.9396142 12.6000000 2.0438200 3 3 3 Density Sessile Invert_Polymer Invert_Wood Invert N Benthic Mollusc 15x15cm 0.01 Y Tile vertical WoodvsPlastic Wood_vitex parviflora molave Wood_vitex parviflora molave Wood_Polymer Wood Plastic_polypropylene Polymer_mix Polymer_mix Polymer NA subtidal NA 3.000000 10.3 123.96 Philippines Mactan Island tile sheltered Significant Figure 5 Grazers excluded
Olaliaet2009 2009 0.0000000 0.0000000 0.0000000 0.0000000 3 3 3 Density Sessile Invert_Polymer Invert_Wood Invert N Invertebrate Sponge 15x15cm 0.01 Y Tile vertical WoodvsPlastic Wood_vitex parviflora molave Wood_vitex parviflora molave Wood_Polymer Wood Plastic_polypropylene Polymer_mix Polymer_mix Polymer NA subtidal NA 1.000000 10.3 123.96 Philippines Mactan Island tile sheltered Significant Figure 5 Grazers excluded
Olaliaet2009 2009 4.0000000 3.8971143 1.3000000 2.3382686 3 3 3 Density Sessile Invert_Polymer Invert_Wood Invert N Invertebrate Sponge 15x15cm 0.01 Y Tile vertical WoodvsPlastic Wood_vitex parviflora molave Wood_vitex parviflora molave Wood_Polymer Wood Plastic_polypropylene Polymer_mix Polymer_mix Polymer NA subtidal NA 2.000000 10.3 123.96 Philippines Mactan Island tile sheltered Significant Figure 5 Grazers excluded
Olaliaet2009 2009 4.1500000 3.5853452 1.4000000 3.1003709 3 3 3 Density Sessile Invert_Polymer Invert_Wood Invert N Invertebrate Hydrozoa 15x15cm 0.01 Y Tile vertical WoodvsPlastic Wood_vitex parviflora molave Wood_vitex parviflora molave Wood_Polymer Wood Plastic_polypropylene Polymer_mix Polymer_mix Polymer NA subtidal NA 1.000000 10.3 123.96 Philippines Mactan Island tile sheltered Significant Figure 5 Grazers excluded
Olaliaet2009 2009 6.6100000 4.8324218 2.6800000 2.2343455 3 3 3 Density Sessile Invert_Polymer Invert_Wood Invert N Invertebrate Sponge 15x15cm 0.01 Y Tile vertical WoodvsPlastic Wood_vitex parviflora molave Wood_vitex parviflora molave Wood_Polymer Wood Plastic_polypropylene Polymer_mix Polymer_mix Polymer NA subtidal NA 3.000000 10.3 123.96 Philippines Mactan Island tile sheltered Significant Figure 5 Grazers excluded
Olaliaet2009 2009 6.8000000 4.0000000 6.8000000 4.0000000 3 3 3 Density Sessile Invert_Polymer Invert_Wood Invert N Invertebrate Hydrozoa 15x15cm 0.01 Y Tile vertical WoodvsPlastic Wood_vitex parviflora molave Wood_vitex parviflora molave Wood_Polymer Wood Plastic_polypropylene Polymer_mix Polymer_mix Polymer NA subtidal NA 2.000000 10.3 123.96 Philippines Mactan Island tile sheltered Significant Figure 5 Grazers excluded
Olaliaet2009 2009 19.2300000 10.0000000 1.0200000 3.4641016 3 3 3 Density Sessile Invert_Polymer Invert_Wood Invert N Invertebrate All 15x15cm 0.01 Y Tile vertical WoodvsPlastic Wood_vitex parviflora molave Wood_vitex parviflora molave Wood_Polymer Wood Plastic_polypropylene Polymer_mix Polymer_mix Polymer NA subtidal NA 1.000000 10.3 123.96 Philippines Mactan Island tile sheltered Significant Figure 5 Grazers excluded
Olaliaet2009 2009 26.3200000 21.0270968 26.3200000 21.0270968 3 3 3 Density Sessile Invert_Polymer Invert_Wood Invert N Invertebrate All 15x15cm 0.01 Y Tile vertical WoodvsPlastic Wood_vitex parviflora molave Wood_vitex parviflora molave Wood_Polymer Wood Plastic_polypropylene Polymer_mix Polymer_mix Polymer NA subtidal NA 2.000000 10.3 123.96 Philippines Mactan Island tile sheltered Significant Figure 5 Grazers excluded
Olaliaet2009 2009 27.9200000 6.9282032 17.5000000 9.5262794 3 3 3 Density Sessile Invert_Polymer Invert_Wood Invert N Invertebrate Hydrozoa 15x15cm 0.01 Y Tile vertical WoodvsPlastic Wood_vitex parviflora molave Wood_vitex parviflora molave Wood_Polymer Wood Plastic_polypropylene Polymer_mix Polymer_mix Polymer NA subtidal NA 3.000000 10.3 123.96 Philippines Mactan Island tile sheltered Significant Figure 5 Grazers excluded
Olaliaet2009 2009 159.9200000 91.1751545 55.6700000 64.8653027 3 3 3 Density Sessile Invert_Polymer Invert_Wood Invert N Invertebrate All 15x15cm 0.01 Y Tile vertical WoodvsPlastic Wood_vitex parviflora molave Wood_vitex parviflora molave Wood_Polymer Wood Plastic_polypropylene Polymer_mix Polymer_mix Polymer NA subtidal NA 3.000000 10.3 123.96 Philippines Mactan Island tile sheltered Significant Figure 5 Grazers excluded
Olaliaet2009 2009 0.0000000 NA 0.0000000 NA 3 3 3 Cover Sessile Invert_Polymer Invert_Wood Invert N Invertebrates Sponge 15x15cm 0.0225 Y Tile vertical WoodvsPlastic Wood Wood_unclassified Wood_Polymer Wood Plastic Polymer_mix Polymer_mix Polymer NA subtidal Final 4.000000 10.3 123.96 Philippines Mactan Island tile sheltered Significant Figure Grazers excluded
Olaliaet2009 2009 7.0000000 NA 10.0000000 NA 3 3 3 Cover Sessile Invert_Polymer Invert_Wood Invert N Invertebrates Sponge 15x15cm 0.0225 Y Tile vertical WoodvsPlastic Wood Wood_unclassified Wood_Polymer Wood Plastic Polymer_mix Polymer_mix Polymer NA subtidal NA 2.000000 10.3 123.96 Philippines Mactan Island tile sheltered Significant Figure Grazers excluded
Olaliaet2009 2009 10.0000000 NA 10.0000000 NA 3 3 3 Cover Sessile Invert_Polymer Invert_Wood Invert N Invertebrates Sponge 15x15cm 0.0225 Y Tile vertical WoodvsPlastic Wood Wood_unclassified Wood_Polymer Wood Plastic Polymer_mix Polymer_mix Polymer NA subtidal NA 3.000000 10.3 123.96 Philippines Mactan Island tile sheltered Significant Figure Grazers excluded
Olaliaet2009 2009 10.0000000 NA 0.0000000 NA 3 3 3 Cover Sessile Invert_Polymer Invert_Wood Invert N Invertebrates Hydrozoa 15x15cm 0.0225 Y Tile vertical WoodvsPlastic Wood Wood_unclassified Wood_Polymer Wood Plastic Polymer_mix Polymer_mix Polymer NA subtidal Final 4.000000 10.3 123.96 Philippines Mactan Island tile sheltered Significant Figure Grazers excluded
Olaliaet2009 2009 18.0000000 NA 40.0000000 NA 3 3 3 Cover Sessile Invert_Polymer Invert_Wood Invert N Invertebrates Hydrozoa 15x15cm 0.0225 Y Tile vertical WoodvsPlastic Wood Wood_unclassified Wood_Polymer Wood Plastic Polymer_mix Polymer_mix Polymer NA subtidal NA 2.000000 10.3 123.96 Philippines Mactan Island tile sheltered Significant Figure Grazers excluded
Olaliaet2009 2009 20.0000000 NA 25.0000000 NA 3 3 3 Cover Sessile Invert_Polymer Invert_Wood Invert N Invertebrates Hydrozoa 15x15cm 0.0225 Y Tile vertical WoodvsPlastic Wood Wood_unclassified Wood_Polymer Wood Plastic Polymer_mix Polymer_mix Polymer NA subtidal NA 1.000000 10.3 123.96 Philippines Mactan Island tile sheltered Significant Figure Grazers excluded
Olaliaet2009 2009 20.0000000 NA 18.0000000 NA 3 3 3 Cover Sessile Invert_Polymer Invert_Wood Invert N Invertebrates Hydrozoa 15x15cm 0.0225 Y Tile vertical WoodvsPlastic Wood Wood_unclassified Wood_Polymer Wood Plastic Polymer_mix Polymer_mix Polymer NA subtidal NA 3.000000 10.3 123.96 Philippines Mactan Island tile sheltered Significant Figure Grazers excluded
Olaliaet2009 2009 2.6000000 2.8752043 7.0000000 5.7504087 3 3 3 Density Sessile Invert_Polymer Invert_Wood Invert N Invertebrates Hydrozoa 15x15cm 0.01 Y Tile vertical WoodvsPlastic Wood_vitex parviflora molave Wood_vitex parviflora molave Wood_Polymer Wood Plastic_polypropylene Polymer_mix Polymer_mix Polymer NA subtidal Final 4.000000 10.3 123.96 Philippines Mactan Island tile sheltered Significant Figure 5 Grazers excluded
Olaliaet2009 2009 6.6400000 6.0621778 0.0000000 0.0000000 3 3 3 Density Sessile Invert_Polymer Invert_Wood Invert N Invertebrates Sponge 15x15cm 0.01 Y Tile vertical WoodvsPlastic Wood_vitex parviflora molave Wood_vitex parviflora molave Wood_Polymer Wood Plastic_polypropylene Polymer_mix Polymer_mix Polymer NA subtidal Final 4.000000 10.3 123.96 Philippines Mactan Island tile sheltered Significant Figure 5 Grazers excluded
Olaliaet2009 2009 59.7200000 96.4232685 41.5000000 35.0567084 3 3 3 Density Sessile Invert_Polymer Invert_Wood Invert N Invertebrates All 15x15cm 0.01 Y Tile vertical WoodvsPlastic Wood_vitex parviflora molave Wood_vitex parviflora molave Wood_Polymer Wood Plastic_polypropylene Polymer_mix Polymer_mix Polymer NA subtidal Final 4.000000 10.3 123.96 Philippines Mactan Island tile sheltered Significant Figure 5 Grazers excluded
Olaliaet2009 2009 30.0000000 NA 50.0000000 NA 3 3 3 Cover Benthic Benthic_Polymer Benthic_Wood Benthic N Mobile Polychaete 15x15cm 0.0225 Y Tile vertical WoodvsPlastic Wood Wood_unclassified Wood_Polymer Wood Plastic Polymer_mix Polymer_mix Polymer NA subtidal NA 2.000000 10.3 123.96 Philippines Mactan Island tile sheltered Significant Figure 4 Grazers excluded
Olaliaet2009 2009 60.0000000 NA 50.0000000 NA 3 3 3 Cover Benthic Benthic_Polymer Benthic_Wood Benthic N Mobile Polychaete 15x15cm 0.0225 Y Tile vertical WoodvsPlastic Wood Wood_unclassified Wood_Polymer Wood Plastic Polymer_mix Polymer_mix Polymer NA subtidal NA 1.000000 10.3 123.96 Philippines Mactan Island tile sheltered Significant Figure 4 Grazers excluded
Olaliaet2009 2009 60.0000000 NA 40.0000000 NA 3 3 3 Cover Benthic Benthic_Polymer Benthic_Wood Benthic N Mobile Polychaete 15x15cm 0.0225 Y Tile vertical WoodvsPlastic Wood Wood_unclassified Wood_Polymer Wood Plastic Polymer_mix Polymer_mix Polymer NA subtidal NA 3.000000 10.3 123.96 Philippines Mactan Island tile sheltered Significant Figure 4 Grazers excluded
Olaliaet2009 2009 0.0000000 0.0000000 0.0000000 0.0000000 3 3 3 Density Benthic Benthic_Polymer Benthic_Wood Benthic N Mobile Polychaete 15x15cm 0.01 Y Tile vertical WoodvsPlastic Wood_vitex parviflora molave Wood_vitex parviflora molave Wood_Polymer Wood Plastic_polypropylene Polymer_mix Polymer_mix Polymer NA subtidal NA 1.000000 10.3 123.96 Philippines Mactan Island tile sheltered Significant Figure 5 Grazers excluded
Olaliaet2009 2009 80.0000000 NA 75.0000000 NA 3 3 3 Cover Benthic Benthic_Polymer Benthic_Wood Benthic N Mobile Polychaete 15x15cm 0.0225 Y Tile vertical WoodvsPlastic Wood Wood_unclassified Wood_Polymer Wood Plastic Polymer_mix Polymer_mix Polymer NA subtidal Final 4.000000 10.3 123.96 Philippines Mactan Island tile sheltered Significant Figure 4 Grazers excluded
Olaliaet2009 2009 20.5900000 0.7101408 0.7500000 0.4330127 3 3 3 Density Benthic Benthic_Polymer Benthic_Wood Benthic N Mobile Polychaete 15x15cm 0.01 Y Tile vertical WoodvsPlastic Wood_vitex parviflora molave Wood_vitex parviflora molave Wood_Polymer Wood Plastic_polypropylene Polymer_mix Polymer_mix Polymer NA subtidal NA 2.000000 10.3 123.96 Philippines Mactan Island tile sheltered Significant Figure 5 Grazers excluded
Olaliaet2009 2009 74.6600000 17.1819440 46.8700000 30.9344274 3 3 3 Density Benthic Benthic_Polymer Benthic_Wood Benthic N Mobile Polychaete 15x15cm 0.01 Y Tile vertical WoodvsPlastic Wood_vitex parviflora molave Wood_vitex parviflora molave Wood_Polymer Wood Plastic_polypropylene Polymer_mix Polymer_mix Polymer NA subtidal NA 3.000000 10.3 123.96 Philippines Mactan Island tile sheltered Significant Figure 5 Grazers excluded
Olaliaet2009 2009 400.6000000 109.8986237 77.1400000 13.7351629 3 3 3 Density Benthic Benthic_Polymer Benthic_Wood Benthic N Mobile Polychaete 15x15cm 0.01 Y Tile vertical WoodvsPlastic Wood_vitex parviflora molave Wood_vitex parviflora molave Wood_Polymer Wood Plastic_polypropylene Polymer_mix Polymer_mix Polymer NA subtidal Final 4.000000 10.3 123.96 Philippines Mactan Island tile sheltered Significant Figure 5 Grazers excluded
Quanetal2017 2017 0.0180083 0.0099601 0.1207980 0.0398400 5 5 5 Density Sessile Invert_Clay Invert_Biogenic Invert Y Bivalves Bivalve Crassostrea sikema Crassostrea sikamea Crassostrea 60x11cm 0.0001 Y Bag mixed ClamvsBrick Shell_clam Biogenic_clam Biogenic_Clay Biogenic Brick fragments Clay Clay_brick Clay Na intertidal Final 36.000000 29.64 121.83 China harbour Harbour sheltered Significant - substrates were all pieces and biogenic can be included. Figure 4
Quanetal2017 2017 0.0314844 0.0298808 0.1207980 0.0398400 5 5 5 Density Sessile Invert_Clay Invert_Biogenic Invert Y Bivalves Bivalve Crassostrea sikema Crassostrea sikamea Crassostrea 60x11cm 0.0001 Y Bag mixed OystervsBrick Shell_oyster Biogenic_oyster Biogenic_Clay Biogenic Brick fragments Clay Clay_brick Clay Na intertidal Final 36.000000 29.64 121.83 China harbour Harbour sheltered Significant - substrates were all pieces and biogenic can be included. Figure 4
Quanetal2017 2017 0.1028600 0.0298806 0.1207980 0.0398400 5 5 5 Density Sessile Invert_Clay Invert_Rock Invert Y Bivalves Bivalve Crassostrea sikema Crassostrea sikamea Crassostrea 60x11cm 0.0001 Y Bag mixed LimestonevsBrick Limestone Rock_limestone Rock_Clay Rock Brick fragments Clay Clay_brick Clay Na intertidal Final 36.000000 29.64 121.83 China harbour Harbour sheltered Significant - substrates were all pieces and biogenic can be included. Figure 4
Quanetal2017 2017 43.0000000 11.4039467 38.6000000 10.9567331 5 5 5 Density Benthic Benthic_Clay Benthic_Biogenic Benthic N 60x11cm 0.066 Y Bag mixed OystervsBrick Shell_oyster Biogenic_oyster Biogenic_Clay Biogenic Brick fragments Clay Clay_brick Clay Na intertidal Final 36.000000 29.64 121.83 China harbour Harbour sheltered Significant - substrates were all pieces and biogenic can be included. Table 4
Quanetal2017 2017 52.6000000 21.2426458 38.6000000 10.9567331 5 5 5 Density Benthic Benthic_Clay Benthic_Rock Benthic N 60x11cm 0.066 Y Bag mixed LimestonevsBrick Limestone Rock_limestone Rock_Clay Rock Brick fragments Clay Clay_brick Clay Na intertidal Final 36.000000 29.64 121.83 China harbour Harbour sheltered Significant - substrates were all pieces and biogenic can be included. Table 4
Quanetal2017 2017 71.6000000 62.3862966 38.6000000 10.9567331 5 5 5 Density Benthic Benthic_Clay Benthic_Biogenic Benthic N 60x11cm 0.066 Y Bag mixed ClamvsBrick Shell_clam Biogenic_clam Biogenic_Clay Biogenic Brick fragments Clay Clay_brick Clay Na intertidal Final 36.000000 29.64 121.83 China harbour Harbour sheltered Significant - substrates were all pieces and biogenic can be included. Table 4
Chapman & Clynick 2006 2006 11.0000000 NA 10.0000000 NA 1 1 1 Richness Fish Fish_Polymer Fish_Wood Fish N Fish all 1.5mx1.5mx0.8m NA Y Reef Mixed (vertical and horizontal) woodvstyre Wood Wood_unclassified Wood_Polymer Wood Rubber Polymer_rubber Polymer_rubber Polymer 6 m subtidal NA 13.000000 -33.85 151.54 Australia Sydney harbour Reef Sheltered Significant Figure6 Replicates - Fish are counted over the whole reef, no quadrats used.. All replicates for each substrate have been summed (not averaged), therefore the replicate for the mean and control in this case is 1. Size of sampled area in m2 - this is NA as the area above each reef was included too.
Chapman & Clynick 2006 2006 12.0000000 NA 9.0000000 NA 1 1 1 Richness Fish Fish_Metal Fish_Rock Fish N Fish all 1.5mx1.5mx0.8m NA Y Reef Mixed (vertical and horizontal) rockvstyre Rock Rock_unclassified Rock_Metal Rock Metal Metal_unclassified Metal_unclassified Metal 6 m subtidal NA 13.000000 -33.85 151.54 Australia Sydney harbour Reef Sheltered Significant Figure6 Replicates - Fish are counted over the whole reef, no quadrats used.. All replicates for each substrate have been summed (not averaged), therefore the replicate for the mean and control in this case is 1. Size of sampled area in m2 - this is NA as the area above each reef was included too.
Reed 2005 2005 4.9645400 13.0388511 3.5461000 8.0239083 8 8 8 Cover Sessile Algae_Concrete Algae_Rock Algae N Algae Understorey algae 1500m2 1 Y Reef mixed ConcreteMedvsRock Rock Rock_unclassified Rock_Concrete Rock Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete n/a subtidal Final 60.000000 33.425076 -117.629032 USA North pacific Reef_med Exposed Experiment over 5 years in total 2000-2004, San Mateo (SM) and Barn (B) reefs used as natural reef controls FigIII.D.1
Chapman & Clynick 2006 2006 11.0000000 NA 9.0000000 NA 1 1 1 Richness Fish Fish_Metal Fish_Wood Fish N Fish all 1.5mx1.5mx0.8m NA Y Reef Mixed (vertical and horizontal) woodvsmetal Wood Wood_unclassified Wood_Metal Wood Metal Metal_unclassified Metal_unclassified Metal 6 m subtidal NA 13.000000 -33.85 151.54 Australia Sydney harbour Reef Sheltered Significant Figure6 Replicates - Fish are counted over the whole reef, no quadrats used.. All replicates for each substrate have been summed (not averaged), therefore the replicate for the mean and control in this case is 1. Size of sampled area in m2 - this is NA as the area above each reef was included too.
Reed 2005 2005 8.1560300 17.0508052 2.8368800 6.0179313 8 8 8 Cover Sessile Algae_Concrete Algae_Rock Algae N Algae Understorey algae 1500m2 1 Y Reef mixed ConcreteLowvsRock Rock Rock_unclassified Rock_Concrete Rock Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete n/a subtidal Final 60.000000 33.425076 -117.629032 USA North pacific Reef_low Exposed Experiment over 5 years in total 2000-2004, San Mateo (SM) and Barn (B) reefs used as natural reef controls FigIII.D.1
Reed 2005 2005 9.2198600 17.0507204 6.0283700 7.0209198 8 8 8 Cover Sessile Algae_Concrete Algae_Rock Algae N Algae Understorey algae 1500m2 1 Y Reef mixed ConcreteHighvsRock Rock Rock_unclassified Rock_Concrete Rock Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete n/a subtidal Final 60.000000 33.425076 -117.629032 USA North pacific Reef_high Exposed Experiment over 5 years in total 2000-2004, San Mateo (SM) and Barn (B) reefs used as natural reef controls FigIII.D.1
Reed 2005 2005 0.8421050 3.9697116 2.3157900 4.7636652 8 8 8 Density Sessile Algae_Concrete Algae_Rock Algae N Algae Understorey algae 1500m2 1 Y Reef mixed ConcreteHighvsRock Rock_quarried rock Rock_unclassified Rock_Concrete Rock Concrete_recycled rubble Concrete Concrete Concrete n/a subtidal Final 60.000000 33.425076 -117.629032 USA North pacific Reef_high Exposed Experiment over 5 years in total 2000-2004, San Mateo (SM) and Barn (B) reefs used as natural reef controls FigIII.D.1
Reed 2005 2005 1.1228100 2.0000000 0.2105260 1.5000000 8 8 8 Density Sessile Algae_Concrete Algae_Rock Algae N Algae Understorey algae 1500m2 1 Y Reef mixed ConcreteMedvsRock Rock_quarried rock Rock_unclassified Rock_Concrete Rock Concrete_recycled rubble Concrete Concrete Concrete n/a subtidal Final 60.000000 33.425076 -117.629032 USA North pacific Reef_med Exposed Experiment over 5 years in total 2000-2004, San Mateo (SM) and Barn (B) reefs used as natural reef controls FigIII.D.1
Reed 2005 2005 3.7894700 6.1530735 0.4210530 3.1757778 8 8 8 Density Sessile Algae_Concrete Algae_Rock Algae N Algae Understorey algae 1500m2 1 Y Reef mixed ConcreteLowvsRock Rock_quarried rock Rock_unclassified Rock_Concrete Rock Concrete_recycled rubble Concrete Concrete Concrete n/a subtidal Final 60.000000 33.425076 -117.629032 USA North pacific Reef_low Exposed Experiment over 5 years in total 2000-2004, San Mateo (SM) and Barn (B) reefs used as natural reef controls FigIII.D.1
Reed 2005 2005 14.2857000 4.9732234 15.6044000 4.3515351 8 8 8 Density Sessile Algae_Concrete Algae_Rock Algae Y Canopy_Algae Canopy Macrocystis Macrocystis Macrocystis 1500m2 100 Y Reef mixed ConcreteLowvsRock Rock_quarried rock Rock_unclassified Rock_Concrete Rock Concrete_recycled rubble Concrete Concrete Concrete n/a subtidal Final 60.000000 33.425076 -117.629032 USA North pacific Reef_low Exposed Experiment over 5 years in total 2000-2004, San Mateo (SM) and Barn (B) reefs used as natural reef controls FigIII.B.4
Reed 2005 2005 17.3626000 3.7298468 16.4835000 6.2163171 8 8 8 Density Sessile Algae_Concrete Algae_Rock Algae Y Canopy_Algae Canopy Macrocystis Macrocystis Macrocystis 1500m2 100 Y Reef mixed ConcreteMedvsRock Rock_quarried rock Rock_unclassified Rock_Concrete Rock Concrete_recycled rubble Concrete Concrete Concrete n/a subtidal Final 60.000000 33.425076 -117.629032 USA North pacific Reef_med Exposed Experiment over 5 years in total 2000-2004, San Mateo (SM) and Barn (B) reefs used as natural reef controls FigIII.B.4
Reed 2005 2005 18.4615000 3.1081586 17.8022000 3.7298468 8 8 8 Density Sessile Algae_Concrete Algae_Rock Algae Y Canopy_Algae Canopy Macrocystis Macrocystis Macrocystis 1500m2 100 Y Reef mixed ConcreteHighvsRock Rock_quarried rock Rock_unclassified Rock_Concrete Rock Concrete_recycled rubble Concrete Concrete Concrete n/a subtidal Final 60.000000 33.425076 -117.629032 USA North pacific Reef_high Exposed Experiment over 5 years in total 2000-2004, San Mateo (SM) and Barn (B) reefs used as natural reef controls FigIII.B.4
Anderson & Underwood 1994 1994 5.4773200 1.5073670 7.7968400 2.3995691 6 6 6 Richness Sessile Sessile_Polymer Sessile_Wood Sessile N Sessile All 10 x 10 cm 0.01 Y Tiles Downward facing plywoodvsfiberglass plywood Wood_plywood Wood_Polymer Wood Fibreglass Polymer_fibreglass Polymer_fibreglass Polymer low Intertidal Final 12.000000 -34.01666667 151.1833333 Australia Tasman Exp 1-Jan deployment 12 Sheltered Significant Fig 3
Anderson & Underwood 1994 1994 5.4773200 1.5073670 7.5400000 1.0462506 6 6 6 Richness Sessile Sessile_Metal Sessile_Wood Sessile N Sessile All 10 x 10 cm 0.01 Y Tiles Downward facing plywoodvsaluminim plywood Wood_plywood Wood_Metal Wood Aluminium Metal_aluminium Metal_aluminium Metal low Intertidal Final 12.000000 -34.01666667 151.1833333 Australia Tasman Exp 1-Jan deployment 12 Sheltered Significant Fig 3
Reed 2005 2005 570.2700000 54.5400000 538.2100000 69.6900000 8 8 8 Density Fish Fish_Concrete Fish_Rock Fish N Fish All 1500m2 160 Y Reef mixed ConcreteLowvsRock Rock_quarried rock Rock_unclassified Rock_Concrete Rock Concrete_recycled rubble Concrete Concrete Concrete n/a subtidal Final 60.000000 33.425076 -117.629032 USA North pacific Reef_low Exposed Experiment over 5 years in total 2000-2004, San Mateo (SM) and Barn (B) reefs used as natural reef controls FigIII.c.2
Reed 2005 2005 624.8100000 3.0300000 695.7600000 45.4400000 8 8 8 Density Fish Fish_Concrete Fish_Rock Fish N Fish All 1500m2 160 Y Reef mixed ConcreteMedvsRock Rock_quarried rock Rock_unclassified Rock_Concrete Rock Concrete_recycled rubble Concrete Concrete Concrete n/a subtidal Final 60.000000 33.425076 -117.629032 USA North pacific Reef_med Exposed Experiment over 5 years in total 2000-2004, San Mateo (SM) and Barn (B) reefs used as natural reef controls FigIII.c.2
Reed 2005 2005 624.8100000 3.0300000 695.7600000 45.4400000 8 8 8 Density Fish Fish_Concrete Fish_Rock Fish N Fish All 1500m2 160 Y Reef mixed ConcreteHighvsRock Rock_quarried rock Rock_unclassified Rock_Concrete Rock Concrete_recycled rubble Concrete Concrete Concrete n/a subtidal Final 60.000000 33.425076 -117.629032 USA North pacific Reef_high Exposed Experiment over 5 years in total 2000-2004, San Mateo (SM) and Barn (B) reefs used as natural reef controls FigIII.c.2
Anderson & Underwood 1994 1994 9.6469400 2.0099533 7.0197200 1.7634367 6 6 6 Richness Sessile Sessile_Concrete Sessile_Wood Sessile N Sessile All 10 x 10 cm 0.01 Y Tiles Downward facing plywoodvsconcrete plywood Wood_plywood Wood_Concrete Wood Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete low Intertidal Final 4.000000 -34.01666667 151.1833333 Australia Tasman Exp 1-Jan deployment 4 Sheltered Not Measured Fig 3
Anderson & Underwood 1994 1994 9.6469400 2.0099533 7.0037300 1.6200925 6 6 6 Richness Sessile Sessile_Metal Sessile_Wood Sessile N Sessile All 10 x 10 cm 0.01 Y Tiles Downward facing plywoodvsaluminim plywood Wood_plywood Wood_Metal Wood Aluminium Metal_aluminium Metal_aluminium Metal low Intertidal Final 4.000000 -34.01666667 151.1833333 Australia Tasman Exp 1-Jan deployment 4 Sheltered Not Measured Fig 3
Anderson & Underwood 1994 1994 9.6469400 2.0099533 6.9127800 2.1757103 6 6 6 Richness Sessile Sessile_Polymer Sessile_Wood Sessile N Sessile All 10 x 10 cm 0.01 Y Tiles Downward facing plywoodvsfiberglass plywood Wood_plywood Wood_Polymer Wood Fibreglass Polymer_fibreglass Polymer_fibreglass Polymer low Intertidal Final 4.000000 -34.01666667 151.1833333 Australia Tasman Exp 1-Jan deployment 4 Sheltered Not Measured Fig 3
Reed 2005 2005 44.8399000 9.6627556 44.4128000 10.8707768 8 8 8 Cover Sessile Invert_Concrete Invert_Rock Invert N Invertebrates All 1500m2 Y Reef mixed ConcreteLowvsRock Rock Rock_unclassified Rock_Concrete Rock Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete n/a subtidal Final 60.000000 33.425076 -117.629032 USA North pacific Reef_low Exposed Experiment over 5 years in total 2000-2004, San Mateo (SM) and Barn (B) reefs used as natural reef controls FigIII.D.9
Reed 2005 2005 68.3274000 10.8707768 62.3488000 12.0785152 8 8 8 Cover Sessile Invert_Concrete Invert_Rock Invert N Invertebrates All 1500m2 Y Reef mixed ConcreteMedvsRock Rock Rock_unclassified Rock_Concrete Rock Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete n/a subtidal Final 60.000000 33.425076 -117.629032 USA North pacific Reef_med Exposed Experiment over 5 years in total 2000-2004, San Mateo (SM) and Barn (B) reefs used as natural reef controls FigIII.D.9
Reed 2005 2005 81.9929000 18.1180556 75.1601000 19.3260769 8 8 8 Cover Sessile Invert_Concrete Invert_Rock Invert N Invertebrates All 1500m2 Y Reef mixed ConcreteHighvsRock Rock Rock_unclassified Rock_Concrete Rock Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete n/a subtidal Final 60.000000 33.425076 -117.629032 USA North pacific Reef_high Exposed Experiment over 5 years in total 2000-2004, San Mateo (SM) and Barn (B) reefs used as natural reef controls FigIII.D.9
Reed 2005 2005 111.0320000 21.1368359 104.6260000 57.3746442 8 8 8 Density Sessile Invert_Concrete Invert_Rock Invert N Invertebrates All 1500m2 1 Y Reef mixed ConcreteLowvsRock Rock_quarried rock Rock_unclassified Rock_Concrete Rock Concrete_recycled rubble Concrete Concrete Concrete n/a subtidal Final 60.000000 33.425076 -117.629032 USA North pacific Reef_low Exposed Experiment over 5 years in total 2000-2004, San Mateo (SM) and Barn (B) reefs used as natural reef controls FigIII.D.9
Reed 2005 2005 120.6410000 45.2944320 152.6690000 42.2765002 8 8 8 Density Sessile Invert_Concrete Invert_Rock Invert N Invertebrates All 1500m2 1 Y Reef mixed ConcreteMedvsRock Rock_quarried rock Rock_unclassified Rock_Concrete Rock Concrete_recycled rubble Concrete Concrete Concrete n/a subtidal Final 60.000000 33.425076 -117.629032 USA North pacific Reef_med Exposed Experiment over 5 years in total 2000-2004, San Mateo (SM) and Barn (B) reefs used as natural reef controls FigIII.D.9
Reed 2005 2005 199.6440000 87.5709322 178.2920000 96.6303843 8 8 8 Density Sessile Invert_Concrete Invert_Rock Invert N Invertebrates All 1500m2 1 Y Reef mixed ConcreteHighvsRock Rock_quarried rock Rock_unclassified Rock_Concrete Rock Concrete_recycled rubble Concrete Concrete Concrete n/a subtidal Final 60.000000 33.425076 -117.629032 USA North pacific Reef_high Exposed Experiment over 5 years in total 2000-2004, San Mateo (SM) and Barn (B) reefs used as natural reef controls FigIII.D.9
Reid et al 2015 2015 0.0000000 0.0000000 0.0000000 0.0000000 2 4 2 Cover Sessile Algae_Clay Algae_Rock Algae N Algae All 11x11cm 0.0121 Y Tile Parallel to shoreline (vertical or slanted) slatevsceramic Slate Rock_slate Rock_Clay Rock Ceramic_unglazed Clay Clay_unglazed Clay subtidal Final 2.000000 40.6683 74.0455 USA - Harlem River Park North Atlantic Gabion Exposed/sheltered HarlemRiverPark Table 5 onwards - tables only Only settlement plates from the full 2 month deployment can be considered. All plated deployed sub tidally. But on different ‘background’ substrates (seawalls vs gabions), this is considered OK, as we’re looking for overall trends in colonisation of materials, and can take background substrate into account if needed. No mobile spp data can be included from this study as the results were from complete settlement structures including multiple materials, all grouped together. Replicates varied across sites and settlement plate material.
Reid et al 2015 2015 2.5000000 2.5000000 46.5000000 46.5000000 2 3 2 Cover Sessile Algae_Clay Algae_Rock Algae N Algae All 11x11cm 0.0121 Y Tile Parallel to shoreline (vertical or slanted) CeramicvsArylic Slate Rock_slate Rock_Clay Rock Ceramic_unglazed Clay Clay_unglazed Clay subtidal Final 2.000000 40.6683 74.0455 USA - Harlem River Park North Atlantic Seawalls Exposed/sheltered HarlemRiverPark Table 5 onwards - tables only Only settlement plates from the full 2 month deployment can be considered. All plated deployed sub tidally. But on different ‘background’ substrates (seawalls vs gabions), this is considered OK, as we’re looking for overall trends in colonisation of materials, and can take background substrate into account if needed. No mobile spp data can be included from this study as the results were from complete settlement structures including multiple materials, all grouped together. Replicates varied across sites and settlement plate material.
Reid et al 2015 2015 58.5000000 8.7000000 43.5000000 19.1000000 4 5 4 Cover Sessile Algae_Clay Algae_Rock Algae N Algae All 11x11cm 0.0121 Y Tile Parallel to shoreline (vertical or slanted) slatevsceramic Slate Rock_slate Rock_Clay Rock Ceramic_unglazed Clay Clay_unglazed Clay subtidal Final 2.000000 40.6683 74.0455 USA - Liberty State Park North Atlantic Riprap Exposed/sheltered Significant Table 5 onwards - tables only Only settlement plates from the full 2 month deployment can be considered. All plated deployed sub tidally. But on different ‘background’ substrates (seawalls vs gabions), this is considered OK, as we’re looking for overall trends in colonisation of materials, and can take background substrate into account if needed. No mobile spp data can be included from this study as the results were from complete settlement structures including multiple materials, all grouped together. Replicates varied across sites and settlement plate material.
Reid et al 2015 2015 18.2000000 13.9000000 11.0000000 6.0000000 5 5 5 Cover Sessile Algae_Clay Algae_Rock Algae N Algae All 11x11cm 0.0121 Y Tile Parallel to shoreline (vertical or slanted) slatevsceramic Slate Rock_slate Rock_Clay Rock Ceramic_unglazed Clay Clay_unglazed Clay subtidal Final 2.000000 40.6683 74.0455 USA - Liberty State Park North Atlantic Seawalls Exposed/sheltered Significant Table 5 onwards - tables only Only settlement plates from the full 2 month deployment can be considered. All plated deployed sub tidally. But on different ‘background’ substrates (seawalls vs gabions), this is considered OK, as we’re looking for overall trends in colonisation of materials, and can take background substrate into account if needed. No mobile spp data can be included from this study as the results were from complete settlement structures including multiple materials, all grouped together. Replicates varied across sites and settlement plate material.
Reid et al 2015 2015 97.6000000 0.9000000 96.3000000 2.3000000 4 5 4 Cover Sessile Algae_Clay Algae_Rock Algae N Algae All 11x11cm 0.0121 Y Tile Parallel to shoreline (vertical or slanted) slatevsceramic Slate Rock_slate Rock_Clay Rock Ceramic_unglazed Clay Clay_unglazed Clay subtidal Final 2.000000 40.6683 74.0455 USA - West Harlem Piers North Atlantic Seawalls Exposed/sheltered Significant Table 5 onwards - tables only Only settlement plates from the full 2 month deployment can be considered. All plated deployed sub tidally. But on different ‘background’ substrates (seawalls vs gabions), this is considered OK, as we’re looking for overall trends in colonisation of materials, and can take background substrate into account if needed. No mobile spp data can be included from this study as the results were from complete settlement structures including multiple materials, all grouped together. Replicates varied across sites and settlement plate material.
Reid et al 2015 2015 0.0000000 0.0000000 73.0000000 24.4000000 2 4 2 Cover Sessile Algae_Polymer Algae_Rock Algae N Algae All 11x11cm 0.0121 Y Tile Parallel to shoreline (vertical or slanted) SlatevsArylic Slate Rock_slate Rock_Polymer Rock Acrylic Polymer_mix Polymer_mix Polymer subtidal Final 2.000000 40.6683 74.0455 USA - Harlem River Park North Atlantic Gabion Exposed/sheltered Significant Table 5 onwards - tables only Only settlement plates from the full 2 month deployment can be considered. All plated deployed sub tidally. But on different ‘background’ substrates (seawalls vs gabions), this is considered OK, as we’re looking for overall trends in colonisation of materials, and can take background substrate into account if needed. No mobile spp data can be included from this study as the results were from complete settlement structures including multiple materials, all grouped together. Replicates varied across sites and settlement plate material.
Reid et al 2015 2015 2.5000000 2.5000000 29.0000000 29.0000000 2 3 2 Cover Sessile Algae_Polymer Algae_Rock Algae N Algae All 11x11cm 0.0121 Y Tile Parallel to shoreline (vertical or slanted) SlatevsArylic Slate Rock_slate Rock_Polymer Rock Acrylic Polymer_mix Polymer_mix Polymer subtidal Final 2.000000 40.6683 74.0455 USA - Harlem River Park North Atlantic Seawalls Exposed/sheltered Significant Table 5 onwards - tables only Only settlement plates from the full 2 month deployment can be considered. All plated deployed sub tidally. But on different ‘background’ substrates (seawalls vs gabions), this is considered OK, as we’re looking for overall trends in colonisation of materials, and can take background substrate into account if needed. No mobile spp data can be included from this study as the results were from complete settlement structures including multiple materials, all grouped together. Replicates varied across sites and settlement plate material.
Reid et al 2015 2015 58.5000000 8.7000000 56.0000000 5.5000000 4 5 4 Cover Sessile Algae_Polymer Algae_Rock Algae N Algae All 11x11cm 0.0121 Y Tile Parallel to shoreline (vertical or slanted) SlatevsArylic Slate Rock_slate Rock_Polymer Rock Acrylic Polymer_mix Polymer_mix Polymer subtidal Final 2.000000 40.6683 74.0455 USA - Liberty State Park North Atlantic Riprap Exposed/sheltered Significant Table 5 onwards - tables only Only settlement plates from the full 2 month deployment can be considered. All plated deployed sub tidally. But on different ‘background’ substrates (seawalls vs gabions), this is considered OK, as we’re looking for overall trends in colonisation of materials, and can take background substrate into account if needed. No mobile spp data can be included from this study as the results were from complete settlement structures including multiple materials, all grouped together. Replicates varied across sites and settlement plate material.
Reid et al 2015 2015 18.2000000 13.9000000 9.6000000 8.4000000 5 5 5 Cover Sessile Algae_Polymer Algae_Rock Algae N Algae All 11x11cm 0.0121 Y Tile Parallel to shoreline (vertical or slanted) SlatevsArylic Slate Rock_slate Rock_Polymer Rock Acrylic Polymer_mix Polymer_mix Polymer subtidal Final 2.000000 40.6683 74.0455 USA - Liberty State Park North Atlantic Seawalls Exposed/sheltered Significant Table 5 onwards - tables only Only settlement plates from the full 2 month deployment can be considered. All plated deployed sub tidally. But on different ‘background’ substrates (seawalls vs gabions), this is considered OK, as we’re looking for overall trends in colonisation of materials, and can take background substrate into account if needed. No mobile spp data can be included from this study as the results were from complete settlement structures including multiple materials, all grouped together. Replicates varied across sites and settlement plate material.
Reid et al 2015 2015 97.6000000 0.9000000 90.2000000 3.8000000 5 3 3 Cover Sessile Algae_Polymer Algae_Rock Algae N Algae All 11x11cm 0.0121 Y Tile Parallel to shoreline (vertical or slanted) SlatevsArylic Slate Rock_slate Rock_Polymer Rock Acrylic Polymer_mix Polymer_mix Polymer subtidal Final 2.000000 40.6683 74.0455 USA - West Harlem Piers North Atlantic Seawalls Exposed/sheltered Significant Table 5 onwards - tables only Only settlement plates from the full 2 month deployment can be considered. All plated deployed sub tidally. But on different ‘background’ substrates (seawalls vs gabions), this is considered OK, as we’re looking for overall trends in colonisation of materials, and can take background substrate into account if needed. No mobile spp data can be included from this study as the results were from complete settlement structures including multiple materials, all grouped together. Replicates varied across sites and settlement plate material.
Reid et al 2015 2015 28.7000000 0.3000000 73.0000000 24.4000000 3 4 3 Cover Sessile Algae_Polymer Algae_Wood Algae N Algae All 11x11cm 0.0121 Y Tile Parallel to shoreline (vertical or slanted) WoodvsArylic Wood Wood_unclassified Wood_Polymer Wood Acrylic Polymer_mix Polymer_mix Polymer subtidal Final 2.000000 40.6683 74.0455 USA - Harlem River Park North Atlantic Gabion Exposed/sheltered Significant Table 5 onwards - tables only Only settlement plates from the full 2 month deployment can be considered. All plated deployed sub tidally. But on different ‘background’ substrates (seawalls vs gabions), this is considered OK, as we’re looking for overall trends in colonisation of materials, and can take background substrate into account if needed. No mobile spp data can be included from this study as the results were from complete settlement structures including multiple materials, all grouped together. Replicates varied across sites and settlement plate material.
Reid et al 2015 2015 0.0000000 0.0000000 29.0000000 29.0000000 3 3 3 Cover Sessile Algae_Polymer Algae_Wood Algae N Algae All 11x11cm 0.0121 Y Tile Parallel to shoreline (vertical or slanted) WoodvsArylic Wood Wood_unclassified Wood_Polymer Wood Acrylic Polymer_mix Polymer_mix Polymer subtidal Final 2.000000 40.6683 74.0455 USA - Harlem River Park North Atlantic Seawalls Exposed/sheltered Significant Table 5 onwards - tables only Only settlement plates from the full 2 month deployment can be considered. All plated deployed sub tidally. But on different ‘background’ substrates (seawalls vs gabions), this is considered OK, as we’re looking for overall trends in colonisation of materials, and can take background substrate into account if needed. No mobile spp data can be included from this study as the results were from complete settlement structures including multiple materials, all grouped together. Replicates varied across sites and settlement plate material.
Reid et al 2015 2015 2.0000000 2.0000000 7.3000000 7.3000000 3 5 3 Cover Sessile Algae_Polymer Algae_Wood Algae N Algae All 11x11cm 0.0121 Y Tile Parallel to shoreline (vertical or slanted) WoodvsArylic Wood Wood_unclassified Wood_Polymer Wood Acrylic Polymer_mix Polymer_mix Polymer subtidal Final 2.000000 40.6683 74.0455 USA - West Harlem Piers North Atlantic Riprap Exposed/sheltered Significant Table 5 onwards - tables only Only settlement plates from the full 2 month deployment can be considered. All plated deployed sub tidally. But on different ‘background’ substrates (seawalls vs gabions), this is considered OK, as we’re looking for overall trends in colonisation of materials, and can take background substrate into account if needed. No mobile spp data can be included from this study as the results were from complete settlement structures including multiple materials, all grouped together. Replicates varied across sites and settlement plate material.
Reid et al 2015 2015 73.8000000 18.6000000 90.2000000 3.8000000 5 5 5 Cover Sessile Algae_Polymer Algae_Wood Algae N Algae All 11x11cm 0.0121 Y Tile Parallel to shoreline (vertical or slanted) WoodvsArylic Wood Wood_unclassified Wood_Polymer Wood Acrylic Polymer_mix Polymer_mix Polymer subtidal Final 2.000000 40.6683 74.0455 USA - West Harlem Piers North Atlantic Seawalls Exposed/sheltered Significant Table 5 onwards - tables only Only settlement plates from the full 2 month deployment can be considered. All plated deployed sub tidally. But on different ‘background’ substrates (seawalls vs gabions), this is considered OK, as we’re looking for overall trends in colonisation of materials, and can take background substrate into account if needed. No mobile spp data can be included from this study as the results were from complete settlement structures including multiple materials, all grouped together. Replicates varied across sites and settlement plate material.
Reid et al 2015 2015 28.7000000 0.3000000 0.0000000 0.0000000 2 4 2 Cover Sessile Algae_Clay Algae_Wood Algae N Algae All 11x11cm 0.0121 Y Tile Parallel to shoreline (vertical or slanted) woodvsceramic Wood Wood_unclassified Wood_Clay Wood Ceramic_unglazed Clay Clay_unglazed Clay subtidal Final 2.000000 40.6683 74.0455 USA - Harlem River Park North Atlantic Gabion Exposed/sheltered HarlemRiverPark Table 5 onwards - tables only Only settlement plates from the full 2 month deployment can be considered. All plated deployed sub tidally. But on different ‘background’ substrates (seawalls vs gabions), this is considered OK, as we’re looking for overall trends in colonisation of materials, and can take background substrate into account if needed. No mobile spp data can be included from this study as the results were from complete settlement structures including multiple materials, all grouped together. Replicates varied across sites and settlement plate material.
Reid et al 2015 2015 0.0000000 0.0000000 46.5000000 46.5000000 2 3 2 Cover Sessile Algae_Clay Algae_Wood Algae N Algae All 11x11cm 0.0121 Y Tile Parallel to shoreline (vertical or slanted) woodvsceramic Wood Wood_unclassified Wood_Clay Wood Ceramic_unglazed Clay Clay_unglazed Clay subtidal Final 2.000000 40.6683 74.0455 USA - Harlem River Park North Atlantic Seawalls Exposed/sheltered HarlemRiverPark Table 5 onwards - tables only Only settlement plates from the full 2 month deployment can be considered. All plated deployed sub tidally. But on different ‘background’ substrates (seawalls vs gabions), this is considered OK, as we’re looking for overall trends in colonisation of materials, and can take background substrate into account if needed. No mobile spp data can be included from this study as the results were from complete settlement structures including multiple materials, all grouped together. Replicates varied across sites and settlement plate material.
Reid et al 2015 2015 2.0000000 2.0000000 15.0000000 9.6000000 3 3 3 Cover Sessile Algae_Clay Algae_Wood Algae N Algae All 11x11cm 0.0121 Y Tile Parallel to shoreline (vertical or slanted) woodvsceramic Wood Wood_unclassified Wood_Clay Wood Ceramic_unglazed Clay Clay_unglazed Clay subtidal Final 2.000000 40.6683 74.0455 USA - West Harlem Piers North Atlantic Riprap Exposed/sheltered Significant Table 5 onwards - tables only Only settlement plates from the full 2 month deployment can be considered. All plated deployed sub tidally. But on different ‘background’ substrates (seawalls vs gabions), this is considered OK, as we’re looking for overall trends in colonisation of materials, and can take background substrate into account if needed. No mobile spp data can be included from this study as the results were from complete settlement structures including multiple materials, all grouped together. Replicates varied across sites and settlement plate material.
Reid et al 2015 2015 73.8000000 18.6000000 96.3000000 2.3000000 4 5 4 Cover Sessile Algae_Clay Algae_Wood Algae N Algae All 11x11cm 0.0121 Y Tile Parallel to shoreline (vertical or slanted) CeramicvsArylic Wood Wood_unclassified Wood_Clay Wood Ceramic_unglazed Clay Clay_unglazed Clay subtidal Final 2.000000 40.6683 74.0455 USA - West Harlem Piers North Atlantic Seawalls Exposed/sheltered Significant Table 5 onwards - tables only Only settlement plates from the full 2 month deployment can be considered. All plated deployed sub tidally. But on different ‘background’ substrates (seawalls vs gabions), this is considered OK, as we’re looking for overall trends in colonisation of materials, and can take background substrate into account if needed. No mobile spp data can be included from this study as the results were from complete settlement structures including multiple materials, all grouped together. Replicates varied across sites and settlement plate material.
Reid et al 2015 2015 1.5000000 1.5000000 2.5000000 0.5000000 2 4 2 Cover Sessile Invert_Clay Invert_Rock Invert N Invertebrates All 11x11cm 0.0121 Y Tile Parallel to shoreline (vertical or slanted) CeramicvsArylic Slate Rock_slate Rock_Clay Rock Ceramic_unglazed Clay Clay_unglazed Clay subtidal Final 2.000000 40.6683 74.0455 USA - Harlem River Park North Atlantic Gabion Exposed/sheltered HarlemRiverPark Table 5 onwards - tables only Only settlement plates from the full 2 month deployment can be considered. All plated deployed sub tidally. But on different ‘background’ substrates (seawalls vs gabions), this is considered OK, as we’re looking for overall trends in colonisation of materials, and can take background substrate into account if needed. No mobile spp data can be included from this study as the results were from complete settlement structures including multiple materials, all grouped together. Replicates varied across sites and settlement plate material.
Reid et al 2015 2015 1.5000000 1.5000000 0.0000000 0.0000000 2 3 2 Cover Sessile Invert_Clay Invert_Rock Invert N Invertebrates All 11x11cm 0.0121 Y Tile Parallel to shoreline (vertical or slanted) CeramicvsArylic Slate Rock_slate Rock_Clay Rock Ceramic_unglazed Clay Clay_unglazed Clay subtidal Final 2.000000 40.6683 74.0455 USA - Harlem River Park North Atlantic Seawalls Exposed/sheltered HarlemRiverPark Table 5 onwards - tables only Only settlement plates from the full 2 month deployment can be considered. All plated deployed sub tidally. But on different ‘background’ substrates (seawalls vs gabions), this is considered OK, as we’re looking for overall trends in colonisation of materials, and can take background substrate into account if needed. No mobile spp data can be included from this study as the results were from complete settlement structures including multiple materials, all grouped together. Replicates varied across sites and settlement plate material.
Reid et al 2015 2015 25.5000000 9.5000000 15.5000000 4.7000000 4 5 4 Cover Sessile Invert_Clay Invert_Rock Invert N Invertebrates All 11x11cm 0.0121 Y Tile Parallel to shoreline (vertical or slanted) slatevsceramic Slate Rock_slate Rock_Clay Rock Ceramic_unglazed Clay Clay_unglazed Clay subtidal Final 2.000000 40.6683 74.0455 USA - Liberty State Park North Atlantic Riprap Exposed/sheltered Significant Table 5 onwards - tables only Only settlement plates from the full 2 month deployment can be considered. All plated deployed sub tidally. But on different ‘background’ substrates (seawalls vs gabions), this is considered OK, as we’re looking for overall trends in colonisation of materials, and can take background substrate into account if needed. No mobile spp data can be included from this study as the results were from complete settlement structures including multiple materials, all grouped together. Replicates varied across sites and settlement plate material.
Reid et al 2015 2015 65.8000000 11.4000000 68.4000000 6.6000000 5 5 5 Cover Sessile Invert_Clay Invert_Rock Invert N Invertebrates All 11x11cm 0.0121 Y Tile Parallel to shoreline (vertical or slanted) slatevsceramic Slate Rock_slate Rock_Clay Rock Ceramic_unglazed Clay Clay_unglazed Clay subtidal Final 2.000000 40.6683 74.0455 USA - Liberty State Park North Atlantic Seawalls Exposed/sheltered Significant Table 5 onwards - tables only Only settlement plates from the full 2 month deployment can be considered. All plated deployed sub tidally. But on different ‘background’ substrates (seawalls vs gabions), this is considered OK, as we’re looking for overall trends in colonisation of materials, and can take background substrate into account if needed. No mobile spp data can be included from this study as the results were from complete settlement structures including multiple materials, all grouped together. Replicates varied across sites and settlement plate material.
Reid et al 2015 2015 1.4000000 0.7000000 2.3000000 1.4000000 4 5 4 Cover Sessile Invert_Clay Invert_Rock Invert N Invertebrates All 11x11cm 0.0121 Y Tile Parallel to shoreline (vertical or slanted) slatevsceramic Slate Rock_slate Rock_Clay Rock Ceramic_unglazed Clay Clay_unglazed Clay subtidal Final 2.000000 40.6683 74.0455 USA - West Harlem Piers North Atlantic Seawalls Exposed/sheltered Significant Table 5 onwards - tables only Only settlement plates from the full 2 month deployment can be considered. All plated deployed sub tidally. But on different ‘background’ substrates (seawalls vs gabions), this is considered OK, as we’re looking for overall trends in colonisation of materials, and can take background substrate into account if needed. No mobile spp data can be included from this study as the results were from complete settlement structures including multiple materials, all grouped together. Replicates varied across sites and settlement plate material.
Reid et al 2015 2015 1.5000000 1.5000000 2.8000000 1.7000000 2 4 2 Cover Sessile Invert_Polymer Invert_Rock Invert N Invertebrates All 11x11cm 0.0121 Y Tile Parallel to shoreline (vertical or slanted) SlatevsArylic Slate Rock_slate Rock_Polymer Rock Acrylic Polymer_mix Polymer_mix Polymer subtidal Final 2.000000 40.6683 74.0455 USA - Harlem River Park North Atlantic Gabion Exposed/sheltered Significant Table 5 onwards - tables only Only settlement plates from the full 2 month deployment can be considered. All plated deployed sub tidally. But on different ‘background’ substrates (seawalls vs gabions), this is considered OK, as we’re looking for overall trends in colonisation of materials, and can take background substrate into account if needed. No mobile spp data can be included from this study as the results were from complete settlement structures including multiple materials, all grouped together. Replicates varied across sites and settlement plate material.
Reid et al 2015 2015 1.5000000 1.5000000 3.3000000 2.8000000 2 3 2 Cover Sessile Invert_Polymer Invert_Rock Invert N Invertebrates All 11x11cm 0.0121 Y Tile Parallel to shoreline (vertical or slanted) SlatevsArylic Slate Rock_slate Rock_Polymer Rock Acrylic Polymer_mix Polymer_mix Polymer subtidal Final 2.000000 40.6683 74.0455 USA - Harlem River Park North Atlantic Seawalls Exposed/sheltered Significant Table 5 onwards - tables only Only settlement plates from the full 2 month deployment can be considered. All plated deployed sub tidally. But on different ‘background’ substrates (seawalls vs gabions), this is considered OK, as we’re looking for overall trends in colonisation of materials, and can take background substrate into account if needed. No mobile spp data can be included from this study as the results were from complete settlement structures including multiple materials, all grouped together. Replicates varied across sites and settlement plate material.
Reid et al 2015 2015 25.5000000 9.5000000 24.2000000 5.6000000 4 5 4 Cover Sessile Invert_Polymer Invert_Rock Invert N Invertebrates All 11x11cm 0.0121 Y Tile Parallel to shoreline (vertical or slanted) SlatevsArylic Slate Rock_slate Rock_Polymer Rock Acrylic Polymer_mix Polymer_mix Polymer subtidal Final 2.000000 40.6683 74.0455 USA - Liberty State Park North Atlantic Riprap Exposed/sheltered Significant Table 5 onwards - tables only Only settlement plates from the full 2 month deployment can be considered. All plated deployed sub tidally. But on different ‘background’ substrates (seawalls vs gabions), this is considered OK, as we’re looking for overall trends in colonisation of materials, and can take background substrate into account if needed. No mobile spp data can be included from this study as the results were from complete settlement structures including multiple materials, all grouped together. Replicates varied across sites and settlement plate material.
Reid et al 2015 2015 65.8000000 11.4000000 56.8000000 11.5000000 5 5 5 Cover Sessile Invert_Polymer Invert_Rock Invert N Invertebrates All 11x11cm 0.0121 Y Tile Parallel to shoreline (vertical or slanted) SlatevsArylic Slate Rock_slate Rock_Polymer Rock Acrylic Polymer_mix Polymer_mix Polymer subtidal Final 2.000000 40.6683 74.0455 USA - Liberty State Park North Atlantic Seawalls Exposed/sheltered Significant Table 5 onwards - tables only Only settlement plates from the full 2 month deployment can be considered. All plated deployed sub tidally. But on different ‘background’ substrates (seawalls vs gabions), this is considered OK, as we’re looking for overall trends in colonisation of materials, and can take background substrate into account if needed. No mobile spp data can be included from this study as the results were from complete settlement structures including multiple materials, all grouped together. Replicates varied across sites and settlement plate material.
Reid et al 2015 2015 1.4000000 0.7000000 7.8000000 4.3000000 5 3 3 Cover Sessile Invert_Polymer Invert_Rock Invert N Invertebrates All 11x11cm 0.0121 Y Tile Parallel to shoreline (vertical or slanted) SlatevsArylic Slate Rock_slate Rock_Polymer Rock Acrylic Polymer_mix Polymer_mix Polymer subtidal Final 2.000000 40.6683 74.0455 USA - West Harlem Piers North Atlantic Seawalls Exposed/sheltered Significant Table 5 onwards - tables only Only settlement plates from the full 2 month deployment can be considered. All plated deployed sub tidally. But on different ‘background’ substrates (seawalls vs gabions), this is considered OK, as we’re looking for overall trends in colonisation of materials, and can take background substrate into account if needed. No mobile spp data can be included from this study as the results were from complete settlement structures including multiple materials, all grouped together. Replicates varied across sites and settlement plate material.
Reid et al 2015 2015 8.3000000 3.2000000 2.8000000 1.7000000 3 4 3 Cover Sessile Invert_Polymer Invert_Wood Invert N Invertebrates All 11x11cm 0.0121 Y Tile Parallel to shoreline (vertical or slanted) WoodvsArylic Wood Wood_unclassified Wood_Polymer Wood Acrylic Polymer_mix Polymer_mix Polymer subtidal Final 2.000000 40.6683 74.0455 USA - Harlem River Park North Atlantic Gabion Exposed/sheltered Significant Table 5 onwards - tables only Only settlement plates from the full 2 month deployment can be considered. All plated deployed sub tidally. But on different ‘background’ substrates (seawalls vs gabions), this is considered OK, as we’re looking for overall trends in colonisation of materials, and can take background substrate into account if needed. No mobile spp data can be included from this study as the results were from complete settlement structures including multiple materials, all grouped together. Replicates varied across sites and settlement plate material.
Reid et al 2015 2015 9.3000000 3.2000000 3.3000000 2.8000000 3 3 3 Cover Sessile Invert_Polymer Invert_Wood Invert N Invertebrates All 11x11cm 0.0121 Y Tile Parallel to shoreline (vertical or slanted) WoodvsArylic Wood Wood_unclassified Wood_Polymer Wood Acrylic Polymer_mix Polymer_mix Polymer subtidal Final 2.000000 40.6683 74.0455 USA - Harlem River Park North Atlantic Seawalls Exposed/sheltered Significant Table 5 onwards - tables only Only settlement plates from the full 2 month deployment can be considered. All plated deployed sub tidally. But on different ‘background’ substrates (seawalls vs gabions), this is considered OK, as we’re looking for overall trends in colonisation of materials, and can take background substrate into account if needed. No mobile spp data can be included from this study as the results were from complete settlement structures including multiple materials, all grouped together. Replicates varied across sites and settlement plate material.
Reid et al 2015 2015 0.0000000 0.0000000 7.0000000 5.6000000 3 5 3 Cover Sessile Invert_Polymer Invert_Wood Invert N Invertebrates All 11x11cm 0.0121 Y Tile Parallel to shoreline (vertical or slanted) WoodvsArylic Wood Wood_unclassified Wood_Polymer Wood Acrylic Polymer_mix Polymer_mix Polymer subtidal Final 2.000000 40.6683 74.0455 USA - West Harlem Piers North Atlantic Riprap Exposed/sheltered Significant Table 5 onwards - tables only Only settlement plates from the full 2 month deployment can be considered. All plated deployed sub tidally. But on different ‘background’ substrates (seawalls vs gabions), this is considered OK, as we’re looking for overall trends in colonisation of materials, and can take background substrate into account if needed. No mobile spp data can be included from this study as the results were from complete settlement structures including multiple materials, all grouped together. Replicates varied across sites and settlement plate material.
Reid et al 2015 2015 6.6000000 2.7000000 7.8000000 4.3000000 5 5 5 Cover Sessile Invert_Polymer Invert_Wood Invert N Invertebrates All 11x11cm 0.0121 Y Tile Parallel to shoreline (vertical or slanted) WoodvsArylic Wood Wood_unclassified Wood_Polymer Wood Acrylic Polymer_mix Polymer_mix Polymer subtidal Final 2.000000 40.6683 74.0455 USA - West Harlem Piers North Atlantic Seawalls Exposed/sheltered Significant Table 5 onwards - tables only Only settlement plates from the full 2 month deployment can be considered. All plated deployed sub tidally. But on different ‘background’ substrates (seawalls vs gabions), this is considered OK, as we’re looking for overall trends in colonisation of materials, and can take background substrate into account if needed. No mobile spp data can be included from this study as the results were from complete settlement structures including multiple materials, all grouped together. Replicates varied across sites and settlement plate material.
Reid et al 2015 2015 8.3000000 3.2000000 2.5000000 0.5000000 2 4 2 Cover Sessile Invert_Clay Invert_Wood Invert N Invertebrates All 11x11cm 0.0121 Y Tile Parallel to shoreline (vertical or slanted) woodvsceramic Wood Wood_unclassified Wood_Clay Wood Ceramic_unglazed Clay Clay_unglazed Clay subtidal Final 2.000000 40.6683 74.0455 USA - Harlem River Park North Atlantic Gabion Exposed/sheltered HarlemRiverPark Table 5 onwards - tables only Only settlement plates from the full 2 month deployment can be considered. All plated deployed sub tidally. But on different ‘background’ substrates (seawalls vs gabions), this is considered OK, as we’re looking for overall trends in colonisation of materials, and can take background substrate into account if needed. No mobile spp data can be included from this study as the results were from complete settlement structures including multiple materials, all grouped together. Replicates varied across sites and settlement plate material.
Reid et al 2015 2015 9.3000000 3.2000000 0.0000000 0.0000000 2 3 2 Cover Sessile Invert_Clay Invert_Wood Invert N Invertebrates All 11x11cm 0.0121 Y Tile Parallel to shoreline (vertical or slanted) woodvsceramic Wood Wood_unclassified Wood_Clay Wood Ceramic_unglazed Clay Clay_unglazed Clay subtidal Final 2.000000 40.6683 74.0455 USA - Harlem River Park North Atlantic Seawalls Exposed/sheltered HarlemRiverPark Table 5 onwards - tables only Only settlement plates from the full 2 month deployment can be considered. All plated deployed sub tidally. But on different ‘background’ substrates (seawalls vs gabions), this is considered OK, as we’re looking for overall trends in colonisation of materials, and can take background substrate into account if needed. No mobile spp data can be included from this study as the results were from complete settlement structures including multiple materials, all grouped together. Replicates varied across sites and settlement plate material.
Reid et al 2015 2015 0.0000000 0.0000000 1.0000000 0.6000000 3 3 3 Cover Sessile Invert_Clay Invert_Wood Invert N Invertebrates All 11x11cm 0.0121 Y Tile Parallel to shoreline (vertical or slanted) CeramicvsArylic Wood Wood_unclassified Wood_Clay Wood Ceramic_unglazed Clay Clay_unglazed Clay subtidal Final 2.000000 40.6683 74.0455 USA - West Harlem Piers North Atlantic Riprap Exposed/sheltered Significant Table 5 onwards - tables only Only settlement plates from the full 2 month deployment can be considered. All plated deployed sub tidally. But on different ‘background’ substrates (seawalls vs gabions), this is considered OK, as we’re looking for overall trends in colonisation of materials, and can take background substrate into account if needed. No mobile spp data can be included from this study as the results were from complete settlement structures including multiple materials, all grouped together. Replicates varied across sites and settlement plate material.
Reid et al 2015 2015 6.6000000 2.7000000 2.3000000 1.4000000 4 5 4 Cover Sessile Invert_Clay Invert_Wood Invert N Invertebrates All 11x11cm 0.0121 Y Tile Parallel to shoreline (vertical or slanted) CeramicvsArylic Wood Wood_unclassified Wood_Clay Wood Ceramic_unglazed Clay Clay_unglazed Clay subtidal Final 2.000000 40.6683 74.0455 USA - West Harlem Piers North Atlantic Seawalls Exposed/sheltered Significant Table 5 onwards - tables only Only settlement plates from the full 2 month deployment can be considered. All plated deployed sub tidally. But on different ‘background’ substrates (seawalls vs gabions), this is considered OK, as we’re looking for overall trends in colonisation of materials, and can take background substrate into account if needed. No mobile spp data can be included from this study as the results were from complete settlement structures including multiple materials, all grouped together. Replicates varied across sites and settlement plate material.
Anderson & Underwood 1994 1994 6.6134100 1.0049277 5.7790900 0.8793178 6 6 6 Richness Sessile Sessile_Concrete Sessile_Wood Sessile N Sessile All 10 x 10 cm 0.01 Y Tiles Downward facing plywoodvsconcrete plywood Wood_plywood Wood_Concrete Wood Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete low Intertidal Final 2.000000 -34.01666667 151.1833333 Australia Tasman Exp 1-Jan deployment 2 Sheltered Not Significant Fig 3
Anderson & Underwood 1994 1994 5.4773200 1.5073670 5.1558200 1.6201170 6 6 6 Richness Sessile Sessile_Concrete Sessile_Wood Sessile N Sessile All 10 x 10 cm 0.01 Y Tiles Downward facing plywoodvsconcrete plywood Wood_plywood Wood_Concrete Wood Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete low Intertidal Final 12.000000 -34.01666667 151.1833333 Australia Tasman Exp 1-Jan deployment 12 Sheltered Not Significant Fig 3
Glasby et al 2007 2007 5.2640000 0.9391486 5.0680000 0.5634891 15 15 15 Richness Sessile Sessile_Concrete Sessile_Rock Sessile N Sessile ALL 15x15cm panels 0.0225 Y Tile Vertical sandstonevsconcrete Sandstone Rock_sandstone Rock_Concrete Rock Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete NA subtidal Final 7.500000 -33.85 151.54 Australia Sydney harbour Reef, seawall, pontoon, piling Sheltered NS Figure 4
Glasby et al 2007 2007 3.7240000 0.6260990 5.0680000 0.5634891 15 15 15 Richness Sessile Sessile_Concrete Sessile_Wood Sessile N Sessile ALL 15x15cm panels 0.0225 Y Tile Vertical woodvsconcrete Wood Wood_unclassified Wood_Concrete Wood Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete NA subtidal Final 7.500000 -33.85 151.54 Australia Sydney harbour Reef, seawall, pontoon, piling Sheltered NS Figure 4
Anderson & Underwood 1994 1994 6.6134100 1.0049277 4.6351100 1.2701094 6 6 6 Richness Sessile Sessile_Polymer Sessile_Wood Sessile N Sessile All 10 x 10 cm 0.01 Y Tiles Downward facing plywoodvsfiberglass plywood Wood_plywood Wood_Polymer Wood Fibreglass Polymer_fibreglass Polymer_fibreglass Polymer low Intertidal Final 2.000000 -34.01666667 151.1833333 Australia Tasman Exp 1-Jan deployment 2 Sheltered Significant Fig 3
Reid et al 2015 2015 4.0000000 0.4000000 4.6000000 0.5000000 4 5 4 Richness Sessile Sessile_Polymer Sessile_Rock Sessile N Sessile Algae/Invertebrate 11x11cm 0.0121 Y Tile Parallel to shoreline (vertical or slanted) SlatevsArylic Slate Rock_slate Rock_Polymer Rock Acrylic Polymer_mix Polymer_mix Polymer subtidal Final 2.000000 40.6683 74.0455 USA - Liberty State Park North Atlantic Riprap Exposed/sheltered Significant Table 5 onwards - tables only Only settlement plates from the full 2 month deployment can be considered. All plated deployed sub tidally. But on different ‘background’ substrates (seawalls vs gabions), this is considered OK, as we’re looking for overall trends in colonisation of materials, and can take background substrate into account if needed. No mobile spp data can be included from this study as the results were from complete settlement structures including multiple materials, all grouped together. Replicates varied across sites and settlement plate material.
Reid et al 2015 2015 2.6000000 0.2000000 4.6000000 0.9000000 5 5 5 Richness Sessile Sessile_Clay Sessile_Rock Sessile N Sessile Algae/Invertebrate 11x11cm 0.0121 Y Tile Parallel to shoreline (vertical or slanted) slatevsceramic Slate Rock_slate Rock_Clay Rock Ceramic_unglazed Clay Ceramic_unglazed Clay subtidal Final 2.000000 40.6683 74.0455 USA - Liberty State Park North Atlantic Seawalls Exposed/sheltered Significant Table 5 onwards - tables only Only settlement plates from the full 2 month deployment can be considered. All plated deployed sub tidally. But on different ‘background’ substrates (seawalls vs gabions), this is considered OK, as we’re looking for overall trends in colonisation of materials, and can take background substrate into account if needed. No mobile spp data can be included from this study as the results were from complete settlement structures including multiple materials, all grouped together. Replicates varied across sites and settlement plate material.
Anderson & Underwood 1994 1994 6.6134100 1.0049277 4.3565600 0.0010000 6 6 6 Richness Sessile Sessile_Metal Sessile_Wood Sessile N Sessile All 10 x 10 cm 0.01 Y Tiles Downward facing plywoodvsaluminim plywood Wood_plywood Wood_Metal Wood Aluminium Metal_aluminium Metal_aluminium Metal low Intertidal Final 2.000000 -34.01666667 151.1833333 Australia Tasman Exp 1-Jan deployment 2 Sheltered Significant Fig 3
Anderson & Underwood 1994 1994 5.2228800 1.0049277 4.2366900 0.7536835 6 6 6 Richness Sessile Sessile_Concrete Sessile_Wood Sessile N Sessile All 10 x 10 cm 0.01 Y Tiles Downward facing plywoodvsconcrete plywood Wood_plywood Wood_Concrete Wood Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete low Intertidal Final 1.000000 -34.01666667 151.1833333 Australia Tasman Exp 1-Jan deployment 1 Sheltered Not Significant Fig 3
Reid et al 2015 2015 2.6000000 0.2000000 4.2000000 0.6000000 5 5 5 Richness Sessile Sessile_Polymer Sessile_Rock Sessile N Sessile Algae/Invertebrate 11x11cm 0.0121 Y Tile Parallel to shoreline (vertical or slanted) SlatevsArylic Slate Rock_slate Rock_Polymer Rock Acrylic Polymer_mix Polymer_mix Polymer subtidal Final 2.000000 40.6683 74.0455 USA - Liberty State Park North Atlantic Seawalls Exposed/sheltered Significant Table 5 onwards - tables only Only settlement plates from the full 2 month deployment can be considered. All plated deployed sub tidally. But on different ‘background’ substrates (seawalls vs gabions), this is considered OK, as we’re looking for overall trends in colonisation of materials, and can take background substrate into account if needed. No mobile spp data can be included from this study as the results were from complete settlement structures including multiple materials, all grouped together. Replicates varied across sites and settlement plate material.
Reed 2005 2005 4.9650300 2.9669069 4.1258700 2.3735029 8 8 8 Richness Sessile Algae_Concrete Algae_Rock Algae N Algae Understorey algae 1500m2 80 Y Reef mixed ConcreteHighvsRock Rock Rock_unclassified Rock_Concrete Rock Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete n/a subtidal Final 60.000000 33.425076 -117.629032 USA North pacific Reef_high Exposed Experiment over 5 years in total 2000-2004, San Mateo (SM) and Barn (B) reefs used as natural reef controls FigIII.D.3
Reid et al 2015 2015 4.0000000 0.4000000 3.0000000 0.9000000 4 5 4 Richness Sessile Sessile_Clay Sessile_Rock Sessile N Sessile Algae/Invertebrate 11x11cm 0.0121 Y Tile Parallel to shoreline (vertical or slanted) slatevsceramic Slate Rock_slate Rock_Clay Rock Ceramic_unglazed Clay Ceramic_unglazed Clay subtidal Final 2.000000 40.6683 74.0455 USA - Liberty State Park North Atlantic Riprap Exposed/sheltered Significant Table 5 onwards - tables only Only settlement plates from the full 2 month deployment can be considered. All plated deployed sub tidally. But on different ‘background’ substrates (seawalls vs gabions), this is considered OK, as we’re looking for overall trends in colonisation of materials, and can take background substrate into account if needed. No mobile spp data can be included from this study as the results were from complete settlement structures including multiple materials, all grouped together. Replicates varied across sites and settlement plate material.
Hixon&Brostoff1985 1985 3.0000000 0.0010000 3.0000000 0.0010000 7 7 7 Richness Benthic Benthic_Polymer Benthic_Biogenic Benthic N Benthic ALL NA NA Y Tile CoralvsPlastic Coral Biogenic_coral Biogenic_Polymer Biogenic Perspex Polymer_mix Polymer_mix Polymer NA subtidal Final 12.000000 21.47 -157.81 Hawaii Hawaii Reef Exposed NS Table
Reed 2005 2005 3.4265700 2.7690867 2.9370600 2.1757110 8 8 8 Richness Sessile Algae_Concrete Algae_Rock Algae N Algae Understorey algae 1500m2 80 Y Reef mixed ConcreteMedvsRock Rock Rock_unclassified Rock_Concrete Rock Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete n/a subtidal Final 60.000000 33.425076 -117.629032 USA North pacific Reef_med Exposed Experiment over 5 years in total 2000-2004, San Mateo (SM) and Barn (B) reefs used as natural reef controls FigIII.D.3
Anderson & Underwood 1994 1994 5.2228800 1.0049277 2.5680500 1.2561473 6 6 6 Richness Sessile Sessile_Polymer Sessile_Wood Sessile N Sessile All 10 x 10 cm 0.01 Y Tiles Downward facing plywoodvsfiberglass plywood Wood_plywood Wood_Polymer Wood Fibreglass Polymer_fibreglass Polymer_fibreglass Polymer low Intertidal Final 1.000000 -34.01666667 151.1833333 Australia Tasman Exp 1-Jan deployment 1 Sheltered Significant Fig 3
Reed 2005 2005 3.3566400 3.3624625 2.5174800 2.7690867 8 8 8 Richness Sessile Algae_Concrete Algae_Rock Algae N Algae Understorey algae 1500m2 80 Y Reef mixed ConcreteLowvsRock Rock Rock_unclassified Rock_Concrete Rock Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete n/a subtidal Final 60.000000 33.425076 -117.629032 USA North pacific Reef_low Exposed Experiment over 5 years in total 2000-2004, San Mateo (SM) and Barn (B) reefs used as natural reef controls FigIII.D.3
Reid et al 2015 2015 2.2000000 0.2000000 1.8000000 0.4000000 5 5 5 Richness Sessile Sessile_Polymer Sessile_Wood Sessile N Sessile Algae/Invertebrate 11x11cm 0.0121 Y Tile Parallel to shoreline (vertical or slanted) WoodvsArylic Wood Wood_unclassified Wood_Polymer Wood Acrylic Polymer_mix Polymer_mix Polymer subtidal Final 2.000000 40.6683 74.0455 USA - West Harlem Piers North Atlantic Seawalls Exposed/sheltered Significant Table 5 onwards - tables only Only settlement plates from the full 2 month deployment can be considered. All plated deployed sub tidally. But on different ‘background’ substrates (seawalls vs gabions), this is considered OK, as we’re looking for overall trends in colonisation of materials, and can take background substrate into account if needed. No mobile spp data can be included from this study as the results were from complete settlement structures including multiple materials, all grouped together. Replicates varied across sites and settlement plate material.
Reid et al 2015 2015 1.6000000 0.2000000 1.8000000 0.4000000 5 3 3 Richness Sessile Sessile_Polymer Sessile_Rock Sessile N Sessile Algae/Invertebrate 11x11cm 0.0121 Y Tile Parallel to shoreline (vertical or slanted) SlatevsArylic Slate Rock_slate Rock_Polymer Rock Acrylic Polymer_mix Polymer_mix Polymer subtidal Final 2.000000 40.6683 74.0455 USA - West Harlem Piers North Atlantic Seawalls Exposed/sheltered Significant Table 5 onwards - tables only Only settlement plates from the full 2 month deployment can be considered. All plated deployed sub tidally. But on different ‘background’ substrates (seawalls vs gabions), this is considered OK, as we’re looking for overall trends in colonisation of materials, and can take background substrate into account if needed. No mobile spp data can be included from this study as the results were from complete settlement structures including multiple materials, all grouped together. Replicates varied across sites and settlement plate material.
Reyes and Yap 2001 2001 2.9599200 2.6244900 0.4109820 1.0349315 3 3 3 Density Sessile Invert_Polymer Invert_Biogenic Invert Y Corals Corals Scleractinian corals Scleractinia Anthozoa 10cmx10cm 0.01 Y Tile RubbervsCoralAway Coral_rubble crushed Biogenic_coral Biogenic_Polymer Biogenic Rubber Polymer_rubber Polymer_rubber Polymer 12m subtidal Final 4.500000 9.872537 122.378348 Philippines Sulu outside_Reef NA Some plates placed within reef and others placed away from. Conclusions: coral larvae settle most in proximity to live colonies and use or crushed coral or concrete is preferred to rubber Fig1
Reyes and Yap 2001 2001 7.7447700 4.3000000 6.9397900 2.5000000 3 3 3 Density Sessile Invert_Concrete Invert_Biogenic Invert Y Corals Corals Scleractinian corals Scleractinia Anthozoa 10cmx10cm 0.01 Y Tile ConcretevsCoralWithin Coral_rubble crushed Biogenic_coral Biogenic_Concrete Biogenic Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete 12m subtidal Final 4.500000 9.872537 122.378348 Philippines Sulu Reef NA Some plates placed within reef and others placed away from. Conclusions: coral larvae settle most in proximity to live colonies and use or crushed coral or concrete is preferred to rubber Fig1
Reyes and Yap 2001 2001 7.7447700 4.4000000 0.5007070 4.0000000 3 3 3 Density Sessile Invert_Polymer Invert_Biogenic Invert Y Corals Corals Scleractinian corals Scleractinia Anthozoa 10cmx10cm 0.01 Y Tile RubbervsCoralWithin Coral_rubble crushed Biogenic_coral Biogenic_Polymer Biogenic Rubber Polymer_rubber Polymer_rubber Polymer 12m subtidal Final 4.500000 9.872537 122.378348 Philippines Sulu Reef NA Some plates placed within reef and others placed away from. Conclusions: coral larvae settle most in proximity to live colonies and use or crushed coral or concrete is preferred to rubber Fig1
Reyes and Yap 2001 2001 2.9599200 2.6244900 2.1000000 0.6000000 3 3 3 Density Sessile Invert_Concrete Invert_Biogenic Invert Y Corals Corals Scleractinian corals Scleractinia Anthozoa 10cmx10cm 0.01 Y Tile ConcretevsCoralWithin Coral_rubble crushed Biogenic_coral Biogenic_Concrete Biogenic Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete 12m subtidal Final 4.500000 9.872537 122.378348 Philippines Sulu outside_Reef NA Some plates placed within reef and others placed away from. Conclusions: coral larvae settle most in proximity to live colonies and use or crushed coral or concrete is preferred to rubber Fig1
Tamburrietal.2008 2008 0.7000000 1.5000000 0.1000000 2.3000000 12 18 12 Density Sessile Invert_Polymer Invert_Rock Invert Y Bivalves Bivalve Crassostrea ariakensis south china Crassostrea ariakensis Crassostrea 4.2x6cm 0.00252 Y Tray Horizontal GranitevsFibreglass Granite Rock_granite Rock_Polymer Rock Fibreglass Polymer_fibreglass Polymer_fibreglass Polymer NA NA Final 0.070000 37.25 -76.5 USA USA tray NA NS Table 4_clean mean control and treatment are % settled larvae from table 4, /100 * 50 - to account for how many individuals have settled. Standardising the area assuming the bits of each substrate are 4.2 * 6 cm (which is the well size).
Tamburrietal.2008 2008 1.3000000 3.1500000 1.5000000 2.0500000 12 17 12 Density Sessile Invert_Polymer Invert_Rock Invert Y Bivalves Bivalve Crassostrea ariakensis west coast Crassostrea ariakensis Crassostrea 4.2x6cm 0.00252 Y Tray Horizontal GranitevsFibreglass Granite Rock_granite Rock_Polymer Rock Fibreglass Polymer_fibreglass Polymer_fibreglass Polymer NA NA Final 0.070000 37.25 -76.5 USA USA tray NA NS Table 4_clean mean control and treatment are % settled larvae from table 4, /100 * 50 - to account for how many individuals have settled. Standardising the area assuming the bits of each substrate are 4.2 * 6 cm (which is the well size).
Tamburrietal.2008 2008 0.7000000 1.5500000 0.0000000 0.0000000 8 14 8 Density Sessile Invert_Polymer Invert_Rock Invert Y Bivalves Bivalve Crassostrea virginica Crassostrea virginica Crassostrea 4.2x6cm 0.00252 Y Tray Horizontal GranitevsFibreglass Granite Rock_granite Rock_Polymer Rock Fibreglass Polymer_fibreglass Polymer_fibreglass Polymer NA NA Final 0.070000 37.25 -76.5 USA USA tray NA NS Table 4_clean mean control and treatment are % settled larvae from table 4, /100 * 50 - to account for how many individuals have settled. Standardising the area assuming the bits of each substrate are 4.2 * 6 cm (which is the well size).
Tamburrietal.2008 2008 0.7000000 1.5000000 0.0500000 0.2000000 12 12 12 Density Sessile Invert_Polymer Invert_Rock Invert Y Bivalves Bivalve Crassostrea ariakensis south china Crassostrea ariakensis Crassostrea 4.2x6cm 0.00252 Y Tray Horizontal GranitevsPVC Granite Rock_granite Rock_Polymer Rock PVC Polymer_mix Polymer_mix Polymer NA NA Final 0.070000 37.25 -76.5 USA USA tray NA NS Table 4_clean mean control and treatment are % settled larvae from table 4, /100 * 50 - to account for how many individuals have settled. Standardising the area assuming the bits of each substrate are 4.2 * 6 cm (which is the well size).
Tamburrietal.2008 2008 1.3000000 3.1500000 0.3000000 0.4500000 12 12 12 Density Sessile Invert_Polymer Invert_Rock Invert Y Bivalves Bivalve Crassostrea ariakensis west coast Crassostrea ariakensis Crassostrea 4.2x6cm 0.00252 Y Tray Horizontal GranitevsPVC Granite Rock_granite Rock_Polymer Rock PVC Polymer_mix Polymer_mix Polymer NA NA Final 0.070000 37.25 -76.5 USA USA tray NA NS Table 4_clean mean control and treatment are % settled larvae from table 4, /100 * 50 - to account for how many individuals have settled. Standardising the area assuming the bits of each substrate are 4.2 * 6 cm (which is the well size).
Tamburrietal.2008 2008 0.7000000 1.5500000 0.0000000 0.0000000 8 8 8 Density Sessile Invert_Polymer Invert_Rock Invert Y Bivalves Bivalve Crassostrea virginica Crassostrea virginica Crassostrea 4.2x6cm 0.00252 Y Tray Horizontal GranitevsPVC Granite Rock_granite Rock_Polymer Rock PVC Polymer_mix Polymer_mix Polymer NA NA Final 0.070000 37.25 -76.5 USA USA tray NA NS Table 4_clean mean control and treatment are % settled larvae from table 4, /100 * 50 - to account for how many individuals have settled. Standardising the area assuming the bits of each substrate are 4.2 * 6 cm (which is the well size).
Tamburrietal.2008 2008 0.7000000 1.5000000 0.0500000 0.2500000 12 12 12 Density Sessile Invert_Metal Invert_Rock Invert Y Bivalves Bivalve Crassostrea ariakensis south china Crassostrea ariakensis Crassostrea 4.2x6cm 0.00252 Y Tray Horizontal GranitevsSteel Granite Rock_granite Rock_Metal Rock Stainless Steel Metal_stainless steel Metal_stainless steel Metal NA NA Final 0.070000 37.25 -76.5 USA USA tray NA NS Table 4_clean mean control and treatment are % settled larvae from table 4, /100 * 50 - to account for how many individuals have settled. Standardising the area assuming the bits of each substrate are 4.2 * 6 cm (which is the well size).
Tamburrietal.2008 2008 1.3000000 3.1500000 0.1500000 0.4000000 12 12 12 Density Sessile Invert_Metal Invert_Rock Invert Y Bivalves Bivalve Crassostrea ariakensis west coast Crassostrea ariakensis Crassostrea 4.2x6cm 0.00252 Y Tray Horizontal GranitevsSteel Granite Rock_granite Rock_Metal Rock Stainless Steel Metal_stainless steel Metal_stainless steel Metal NA NA Final 0.070000 37.25 -76.5 USA USA tray NA NS Table 4_clean mean control and treatment are % settled larvae from table 4, /100 * 50 - to account for how many individuals have settled. Standardising the area assuming the bits of each substrate are 4.2 * 6 cm (which is the well size).
Tamburrietal.2008 2008 2.0000000 2.5000000 0.1000000 2.3000000 12 18 12 Density Sessile Invert_Polymer Invert_Biogenic Invert Y Bivalves Bivalve Crassostrea ariakensis south china Crassostrea ariakensis Crassostrea 4.2x6cm 0.00252 Y Tray Horizontal OystervsFibreglass Oyster_CA Biogenic_oyster Biogenic_Polymer Biogenic Fibreglass Polymer_fibreglass Polymer_fibreglass Polymer NA NA Final 0.070000 37.25 -76.5 USA USA tray NA NS Table 4_clean mean control and treatment are % settled larvae from table 4, /100 * 50 - to account for how many individuals have settled. Standardising the area assuming the bits of each substrate are 4.2 * 6 cm (which is the well size). All materials of similar complexity - small ‘bits’ used.
Tamburrietal.2008 2008 6.6000000 11.4000000 1.5000000 2.0500000 12 17 12 Density Sessile Invert_Polymer Invert_Biogenic Invert Y Bivalves Bivalve Crassostrea ariakensis west coast Crassostrea ariakensis Crassostrea 4.2x6cm 0.00252 Y Tray Horizontal OystervsFibreglass Oyster_CA Biogenic_oyster Biogenic_Polymer Biogenic Fibreglass Polymer_fibreglass Polymer_fibreglass Polymer NA NA Final 0.070000 37.25 -76.5 USA USA tray NA NS Table 4_clean mean control and treatment are % settled larvae from table 4, /100 * 50 - to account for how many individuals have settled. Standardising the area assuming the bits of each substrate are 4.2 * 6 cm (which is the well size). All materials of similar complexity - small ‘bits’ used.
Tamburrietal.2008 2008 5.2500000 8.4000000 0.0000000 0.0000000 8 14 8 Density Sessile Invert_Polymer Invert_Biogenic Invert Y Bivalves Bivalve Crassostrea virginica Crassostrea virginica Crassostrea 4.2x6cm 0.00252 Y Tray Horizontal OystervsFibreglass Oyster_CA Biogenic_oyster Biogenic_Polymer Biogenic Fibreglass Polymer_fibreglass Polymer_fibreglass Polymer NA NA Final 0.070000 37.25 -76.5 USA USA tray NA NS Table 4_clean mean control and treatment are % settled larvae from table 4, /100 * 50 - to account for how many individuals have settled. Standardising the area assuming the bits of each substrate are 4.2 * 6 cm (which is the well size). All materials of similar complexity - small ‘bits’ used.
Tamburrietal.2008 2008 2.0000000 2.5000000 0.0500000 0.2000000 12 12 12 Density Sessile Invert_Polymer Invert_Biogenic Invert Y Bivalves Bivalve Crassostrea ariakensis south china Crassostrea ariakensis Crassostrea 4.2x6cm 0.00252 Y Tray Horizontal OystervsPVC Oyster_CA Biogenic_oyster Biogenic_Polymer Biogenic PVC Polymer_mix Polymer_mix Polymer NA NA Final 0.070000 37.25 -76.5 USA USA tray NA NS Table 4_clean mean control and treatment are % settled larvae from table 4, /100 * 50 - to account for how many individuals have settled. Standardising the area assuming the bits of each substrate are 4.2 * 6 cm (which is the well size). All materials of similar complexity - small ‘bits’ used.
Tamburrietal.2008 2008 6.6000000 11.4000000 0.3000000 0.4500000 12 12 12 Density Sessile Invert_Polymer Invert_Biogenic Invert Y Bivalves Bivalve Crassostrea ariakensis west coast Crassostrea ariakensis Crassostrea 4.2x6cm 0.00252 Y Tray Horizontal OystervsPVC Oyster_CA Biogenic_oyster Biogenic_Polymer Biogenic PVC Polymer_mix Polymer_mix Polymer NA NA Final 0.070000 37.25 -76.5 USA USA tray NA NS Table 4_clean mean control and treatment are % settled larvae from table 4, /100 * 50 - to account for how many individuals have settled. Standardising the area assuming the bits of each substrate are 4.2 * 6 cm (which is the well size). All materials of similar complexity - small ‘bits’ used.
Tamburrietal.2008 2008 5.2500000 8.4000000 0.0000000 0.0000000 8 8 8 Density Sessile Invert_Polymer Invert_Biogenic Invert Y Bivalves Bivalve Crassostrea virginica Crassostrea virginica Crassostrea 4.2x6cm 0.00252 Y Tray Horizontal OystervsPVC Oyster_CA Biogenic_oyster Biogenic_Polymer Biogenic PVC Polymer_mix Polymer_mix Polymer NA NA Final 0.070000 37.25 -76.5 USA USA tray NA NS Table 4_clean mean control and treatment are % settled larvae from table 4, /100 * 50 - to account for how many individuals have settled. Standardising the area assuming the bits of each substrate are 4.2 * 6 cm (which is the well size). All materials of similar complexity - small ‘bits’ used.
Tamburrietal.2008 2008 2.0000000 2.5000000 0.0500000 0.2500000 12 12 12 Density Sessile Invert_Metal Invert_Biogenic Invert Y Bivalves Bivalve Crassostrea ariakensis south china Crassostrea ariakensis Crassostrea 4.2x6cm 0.00252 Y Tray Horizontal OystervsSteel Oyster_CA Biogenic_oyster Biogenic_Metal Biogenic Stainless Steel Metal_stainless steel Metal_stainless steel Metal NA NA Final 0.070000 37.25 -76.5 USA USA tray NA NS Table 4_clean mean control and treatment are % settled larvae from table 4, /100 * 50 - to account for how many individuals have settled. Standardising the area assuming the bits of each substrate are 4.2 * 6 cm (which is the well size). All materials of similar complexity - small ‘bits’ used.
Tamburrietal.2008 2008 6.6000000 11.4000000 0.1500000 0.4000000 12 12 12 Density Sessile Invert_Metal Invert_Biogenic Invert Y Bivalves Bivalve Crassostrea ariakensis west coast Crassostrea ariakensis Crassostrea 4.2x6cm 0.00252 Y Tray Horizontal OystervsSteel Oyster_CA Biogenic_oyster Biogenic_Metal Biogenic Stainless Steel Metal_stainless steel Metal_stainless steel Metal NA NA Final 0.070000 37.25 -76.5 USA USA tray NA NS Table 4_clean mean control and treatment are % settled larvae from table 4, /100 * 50 - to account for how many individuals have settled. Standardising the area assuming the bits of each substrate are 4.2 * 6 cm (which is the well size). All materials of similar complexity - small ‘bits’ used.
Tamburrietal.2008 2008 5.2500000 8.4000000 0.0000000 0.0000000 8 8 8 Density Sessile Invert_Metal Invert_Biogenic Invert Y Bivalves Bivalve Crassostrea virginica Crassostrea virginica Crassostrea 4.2x6cm 0.00252 Y Tray Horizontal OystervsSteel Oyster_CA Biogenic_oyster Biogenic_Metal Biogenic Stainless Steel Metal_stainless steel Metal_stainless steel Metal NA NA Final 0.070000 37.25 -76.5 USA USA tray NA NS Table 4_clean mean control and treatment are % settled larvae from table 4, /100 * 50 - to account for how many individuals have settled. Standardising the area assuming the bits of each substrate are 4.2 * 6 cm (which is the well size). All materials of similar complexity - small ‘bits’ used.
Tamburrietal.2008 2008 1.8500000 4.1500000 0.1000000 2.3000000 18 18 18 Density Sessile Invert_Polymer Invert_Biogenic Invert Y Bivalves Bivalve Crassostrea ariakensis south china Crassostrea ariakensis Crassostrea 4.2x6cm 0.00252 Y Tray Horizontal OystervsFibreglass Oyster_CV Biogenic_oyster Biogenic_Polymer Biogenic Fibreglass Polymer_fibreglass Polymer_fibreglass Polymer NA NA Final 0.070000 37.25 -76.5 USA USA tray NA NS Table 4_clean mean control and treatment are % settled larvae from table 4, /100 * 50 - to account for how many individuals have settled. Standardising the area assuming the bits of each substrate are 4.2 * 6 cm (which is the well size). All materials of similar complexity - small ‘bits’ used.
Tamburrietal.2008 2008 10.3500000 12.6500000 1.5000000 2.0500000 17 17 17 Density Sessile Invert_Polymer Invert_Biogenic Invert Y Bivalves Bivalve Crassostrea ariakensis west coast Crassostrea ariakensis Crassostrea 4.2x6cm 0.00252 Y Tray Horizontal OystervsFibreglass Oyster_CV Biogenic_oyster Biogenic_Polymer Biogenic Fibreglass Polymer_fibreglass Polymer_fibreglass Polymer NA NA Final 0.070000 37.25 -76.5 USA USA tray NA NS Table 4_clean mean control and treatment are % settled larvae from table 4, /100 * 50 - to account for how many individuals have settled. Standardising the area assuming the bits of each substrate are 4.2 * 6 cm (which is the well size). All materials of similar complexity - small ‘bits’ used.
Tamburrietal.2008 2008 2.9000000 6.7500000 0.0000000 0.0000000 14 14 14 Density Sessile Invert_Polymer Invert_Biogenic Invert Y Bivalves Bivalve Crassostrea virginica Crassostrea virginica Crassostrea 4.2x6cm 0.00252 Y Tray Horizontal OystervsFibreglass Oyster_CV Biogenic_oyster Biogenic_Polymer Biogenic Fibreglass Polymer_fibreglass Polymer_fibreglass Polymer NA NA Final 0.070000 37.25 -76.5 USA USA tray NA NS Table 4_clean mean control and treatment are % settled larvae from table 4, /100 * 50 - to account for how many individuals have settled. Standardising the area assuming the bits of each substrate are 4.2 * 6 cm (which is the well size). All materials of similar complexity - small ‘bits’ used.
Tamburrietal.2008 2008 1.8500000 4.1500000 0.0500000 0.2000000 18 12 12 Density Sessile Invert_Polymer Invert_Biogenic Invert Y Bivalves Bivalve Crassostrea ariakensis south china Crassostrea ariakensis Crassostrea 4.2x6cm 0.00252 Y Tray Horizontal OystervsPVC Oyster_CV Biogenic_oyster Biogenic_Polymer Biogenic PVC Polymer_mix Polymer_mix Polymer NA NA Final 0.070000 37.25 -76.5 USA USA tray NA NS Table 4_clean mean control and treatment are % settled larvae from table 4, /100 * 50 - to account for how many individuals have settled. Standardising the area assuming the bits of each substrate are 4.2 * 6 cm (which is the well size). All materials of similar complexity - small ‘bits’ used.
Tamburrietal.2008 2008 10.3500000 12.6500000 0.3000000 0.4500000 17 12 12 Density Sessile Invert_Polymer Invert_Biogenic Invert Y Bivalves Bivalve Crassostrea ariakensis west coast Crassostrea ariakensis Crassostrea 4.2x6cm 0.00252 Y Tray Horizontal OystervsPVC Oyster_CV Biogenic_oyster Biogenic_Polymer Biogenic PVC Polymer_mix Polymer_mix Polymer NA NA Final 0.070000 37.25 -76.5 USA USA tray NA NS Table 4_clean mean control and treatment are % settled larvae from table 4, /100 * 50 - to account for how many individuals have settled. Standardising the area assuming the bits of each substrate are 4.2 * 6 cm (which is the well size). All materials of similar complexity - small ‘bits’ used.
Tamburrietal.2008 2008 2.9000000 6.7500000 0.0000000 0.0000000 14 8 8 Density Sessile Invert_Polymer Invert_Biogenic Invert Y Bivalves Bivalve Crassostrea virginica Crassostrea virginica Crassostrea 4.2x6cm 0.00252 Y Tray Horizontal OystervsPVC Oyster_CV Biogenic_oyster Biogenic_Polymer Biogenic PVC Polymer_mix Polymer_mix Polymer NA NA Final 0.070000 37.25 -76.5 USA USA tray NA NS Table 4_clean mean control and treatment are % settled larvae from table 4, /100 * 50 - to account for how many individuals have settled. Standardising the area assuming the bits of each substrate are 4.2 * 6 cm (which is the well size). All materials of similar complexity - small ‘bits’ used.
Tamburrietal.2008 2008 1.8500000 4.1500000 0.0500000 0.2500000 18 12 12 Density Sessile Invert_Metal Invert_Biogenic Invert Y Bivalves Bivalve Crassostrea ariakensis south china Crassostrea ariakensis Crassostrea 4.2x6cm 0.00252 Y Tray Horizontal OystervsSteel Oyster_CV Biogenic_oyster Biogenic_Metal Biogenic Stainless Steel Metal_stainless steel Metal_stainless steel Metal NA NA Final 0.070000 37.25 -76.5 USA USA tray NA NS Table 4_clean mean control and treatment are % settled larvae from table 4, /100 * 50 - to account for how many individuals have settled. Standardising the area assuming the bits of each substrate are 4.2 * 6 cm (which is the well size). All materials of similar complexity - small ‘bits’ used.
Tamburrietal.2008 2008 10.3500000 12.6500000 0.1500000 0.4000000 17 12 12 Density Sessile Invert_Metal Invert_Biogenic Invert Y Bivalves Bivalve Crassostrea ariakensis west coast Crassostrea ariakensis Crassostrea 4.2x6cm 0.00252 Y Tray Horizontal OystervsSteel Oyster_CV Biogenic_oyster Biogenic_Metal Biogenic Stainless Steel Metal_stainless steel Metal_stainless steel Metal NA NA Final 0.070000 37.25 -76.5 USA USA tray NA NS Table 4_clean mean control and treatment are % settled larvae from table 4, /100 * 50 - to account for how many individuals have settled. Standardising the area assuming the bits of each substrate are 4.2 * 6 cm (which is the well size). All materials of similar complexity - small ‘bits’ used.
Tamburrietal.2008 2008 2.9000000 6.7500000 0.0000000 0.0000000 14 8 8 Density Sessile Invert_Metal Invert_Biogenic Invert Y Bivalves Bivalve Crassostrea virginica Crassostrea virginica Crassostrea 4.2x6cm 0.00252 Y Tray Horizontal OystervsSteel Oyster_CV Biogenic_oyster Biogenic_Metal Biogenic Stainless Steel Metal_stainless steel Metal_stainless steel Metal NA NA Final 0.070000 37.25 -76.5 USA USA tray NA NS Table 4_clean mean control and treatment are % settled larvae from table 4, /100 * 50 - to account for how many individuals have settled. Standardising the area assuming the bits of each substrate are 4.2 * 6 cm (which is the well size). All materials of similar complexity - small ‘bits’ used.
TyrellandByers2007 2007 71.2300000 26.6735824 75.9400000 28.7000819 3 3 3 Cover Sessile Invert_Metal Invert_Rock Invert N Invertebrates 0.0068 y Tile downfacing marblevsaluminium Marble Rock_marble Rock_Metal Rock Aluminium Metal_aluminium Metal_aluminium Metal 3 Y 5.000000 43.3222° N 70.5805° W Wells, Maine 2004_May_ USA Figure 4c
TyrellandByers2007 2007 71.2300000 26.6735824 92.5100000 12.8400000 3 4 3 Cover Sessile Invert_Polymer Invert_Rock Invert N Invertebrates 0.0068 y Tile downfacing marblevspvc Marble Rock_marble Rock_Polymer Rock PVC Polymer_mix Polymer_mix Polymer 3 Y 5.000000 43.3222° N 70.5805° W Wells, Maine 2004_May_ USA Figure 4c
TyrellandByers2007 2007 71.2300000 26.6735824 48.6600000 13.9200000 3 4 3 Cover Sessile Invert_Polymer Invert_Rock Invert N Invertebrates 0.0068 y Tile downfacing marblevsrubber Marble Rock_marble Rock_Polymer Rock Rubber Polymer_rubber Polymer_rubber Polymer 3 Y 5.000000 43.3222° N 70.5805° W Wells, Maine 2004_May_ USA Figure 4c
TyrellandByers2007 2007 71.2300000 26.6735824 48.6600000 29.9600000 3 4 3 Cover Sessile Invert_Polymer Invert_Rock Invert N Invertebrates 0.0068 y Tile downfacing marblevsstyrofoam Marble Rock_marble Rock_Polymer Rock Styrofoam Polymer_styrofoam Polymer_styrofoam Polymer 3 Y 5.000000 43.3222° N 70.5805° W Wells, Maine 2004_May_ USA Figure 4c
TyrellandByers2007 2007 60.4300000 38.5000000 75.9400000 28.7000819 4 3 3 Cover Sessile Invert_Metal Invert_Biogenic Invert N Invertebrates 0.0068 y Tile downfacing shellvsaluminium Shell Biogenic_shell unclassified Biogenic_Metal Biogenic Aluminium Metal_aluminium Metal_aluminium Metal 3 Y 5.000000 43.3222° N 70.5805° W Wells, Maine 2004_May_ USA Figure 4c
TyrellandByers2007 2007 60.4300000 38.5000000 92.5100000 12.8400000 4 4 4 Cover Sessile Invert_Polymer Invert_Biogenic Invert N Invertebrates 0.0068 y Tile downfacing shellvspvc Shell Biogenic_shell unclassified Biogenic_Polymer Biogenic PVC Polymer_mix Polymer_mix Polymer 3 Y 5.000000 43.3222° N 70.5805° W Wells, Maine 2004_May_ USA Figure 4c
TyrellandByers2007 2007 60.4300000 38.5000000 48.6600000 13.9200000 4 4 4 Cover Sessile Invert_Polymer Invert_Biogenic Invert N Invertebrates 0.0068 y Tile downfacing shellvsrubber Shell Biogenic_shell unclassified Biogenic_Polymer Biogenic Rubber Polymer_rubber Polymer_rubber Polymer 3 Y 5.000000 43.3222° N 70.5805° W Wells, Maine 2004_May_ USA Figure 4c
TyrellandByers2007 2007 60.4300000 38.5000000 48.6600000 29.9600000 4 4 4 Cover Sessile Invert_Polymer Invert_Biogenic Invert N Invertebrates 0.0068 y Tile downfacing shellvsstyrofoam Shell Biogenic_shell unclassified Biogenic_Polymer Biogenic Styrofoam Polymer_styrofoam Polymer_styrofoam Polymer 3 Y 5.000000 43.3222° N 70.5805° W Wells, Maine 2004_May_ USA Figure 4c
TyrellandByers2007 2007 80.7500000 20.3689175 75.9400000 28.7000819 3 3 3 Cover Sessile Invert_Metal Invert_Rock Invert N Invertebrates 0.0068 y Tile downfacing slatevsaluminium Slate Rock_slate Rock_Metal Rock Aluminium Metal_aluminium Metal_aluminium Metal 3 Y 5.000000 43.3222° N 70.5805° W Wells, Maine 2004_May_ USA Figure 4c
TyrellandByers2007 2007 80.7500000 20.3689175 92.5100000 12.8400000 3 4 3 Cover Sessile Invert_Polymer Invert_Rock Invert N Invertebrates 0.0068 y Tile downfacing slatevspvc Slate Rock_slate Rock_Polymer Rock PVC Polymer_mix Polymer_mix Polymer 3 Y 5.000000 43.3222° N 70.5805° W Wells, Maine 2004_May_ USA Figure 4c
TyrellandByers2007 2007 80.7500000 20.3689175 48.6600000 13.9200000 3 4 3 Cover Sessile Invert_Polymer Invert_Rock Invert N Invertebrates 0.0068 y Tile downfacing slatevsrubber Slate Rock_slate Rock_Polymer Rock Rubber Polymer_rubber Polymer_rubber Polymer 3 Y 5.000000 43.3222° N 70.5805° W Wells, Maine 2004_May_ USA Figure 4c
TyrellandByers2007 2007 80.7500000 20.3689175 48.6600000 29.9600000 3 4 3 Cover Sessile Invert_Polymer Invert_Rock Invert N Invertebrates 0.0068 y Tile downfacing slatevsstyrofoam Slate Rock_slate Rock_Polymer Rock Styrofoam Polymer_styrofoam Polymer_styrofoam Polymer 3 Y 5.000000 43.3222° N 70.5805° W Wells, Maine 2004_May_ USA Figure 4c
TyrellandByers2007 2007 59.8900000 43.5437573 75.9400000 28.7000819 3 3 3 Cover Sessile Invert_Metal Invert_Wood Invert N Invertebrates 0.0068 y Tile downfacing woodvsaluminium Wood Wood_unclassified Wood_Metal Wood Aluminium Metal_aluminium Metal_aluminium Metal 3 Y 5.000000 43.3222° N 70.5805° W Wells, Maine 2004_May_ USA Figure 4c
TyrellandByers2007 2007 59.8900000 43.5437573 92.5100000 12.8400000 3 4 3 Cover Sessile Invert_Polymer Invert_Wood Invert N Invertebrates 0.0068 y Tile downfacing woodvspvc Wood Wood_unclassified Wood_Polymer Wood PVC Polymer_mix Polymer_mix Polymer 3 Y 5.000000 43.3222° N 70.5805° W Wells, Maine 2004_May_ USA Figure 4c
TyrellandByers2007 2007 59.8900000 43.5437573 48.6600000 13.9200000 3 4 3 Cover Sessile Invert_Polymer Invert_Wood Invert N Invertebrates 0.0068 y Tile downfacing woodvsrubber Wood Wood_unclassified Wood_Polymer Wood Rubber Polymer_rubber Polymer_rubber Polymer 3 Y 5.000000 43.3222° N 70.5805° W Wells, Maine 2004_May_ USA Figure 4c
TyrellandByers2007 2007 59.8900000 43.5437573 48.6600000 29.9600000 3 4 3 Cover Sessile Invert_Polymer Invert_Wood Invert N Invertebrates 0.0068 y Tile downfacing woodvsstyrofoam Wood Wood_unclassified Wood_Polymer Wood Styrofoam Polymer_styrofoam Polymer_styrofoam Polymer 3 Y 5.000000 43.3222° N 70.5805° W Wells, Maine 2004_May_ USA Figure 4c
Vaz-pinto et al 2013 2013 83.6025000 32.9259394 81.2752000 26.5794628 12 12 12 Cover Sessile Algae_Polymer Algae_Rock Algae N Algae All 7x7cm 0.0049 Y Tile FibreglassvsBassalt Basalt Rock_basalt Rock_Polymer Rock Fibreglass Polymer_fibreglass Polymer_fibreglass Polymer 1m subtidal Final 3.000000 37.7804 25.497 Sao Miguel, Azores Mid-Atlantic Marinas_winter deploy_3 Sheltered Significant Figure4a/b- Winter deployment Added native and non-native species together
Vaz-pinto et al 2013 2013 83.6025000 32.9259394 88.0612000 32.9249002 12 12 12 Cover Sessile Algae_Concrete Algae_Rock Algae N Algae All 7x7cm 0.0049 Y Tile ConcretevsBassalt Basalt Rock_basalt Rock_Concrete Rock Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete 1m subtidal Final 3.000000 37.7804 25.497 Sao Miguel, Azores Mid-Atlantic Marinas_winter deploy_3 Sheltered Significant Figure4a/b- Winter deployment Added native and non-native species together
Vaz-pinto et al 2013 2013 98.3119000 43.4668542 93.5321000 25.1281428 12 12 12 Cover Sessile Algae_Polymer Algae_Rock Algae N Algae All 7x7cm 0.0049 Y Tile FibreglassvsBassalt Basalt Rock_basalt Rock_Polymer Rock Fibreglass Polymer_fibreglass Polymer_fibreglass Polymer 1m subtidal Final 3.000000 37.7804 25.497 Sao Miguel, Azores Mid-Atlantic Marinas_summer deploy_3 Sheltered Significant Figure4a/b- Summer deployment Added native and non-native species together
Vaz-pinto et al 2013 2013 98.3119000 43.4668542 104.4893000 33.3592985 12 12 12 Cover Sessile Algae_Concrete Algae_Rock Algae N Algae All 7x7cm 0.0049 Y Tile ConcretevsBassalt Basalt Rock_basalt Rock_Concrete Rock Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete 1m subtidal Final 3.000000 37.7804 25.497 Sao Miguel, Azores Mid-Atlantic Marinas_summer deploy_3 Sheltered Significant Figure4a/b- Summer deployment Added native and non-native species together
Vaz-pinto et al 2013 2013 105.5714000 58.7435424 91.5660000 62.0361709 12 12 12 Cover Sessile Algae_Polymer Algae_Rock Algae N Algae All 7x7cm 0.0049 Y Tile FibreglassvsBassalt Basalt Rock_basalt Rock_Polymer Rock Fibreglass Polymer_fibreglass Polymer_fibreglass Polymer 1m subtidal Final 12.000000 37.7804 25.497 Sao Miguel, Azores Mid-Atlantic Marinas_summer deploy_12 Sheltered Significant Figure4a/b- Summer deployment Added native and non-native species together
Vaz-pinto et al 2013 2013 105.5714000 58.7435424 96.4366000 70.3500148 12 12 12 Cover Sessile Algae_Concrete Algae_Rock Algae N Algae All 7x7cm 0.0049 Y Tile ConcretevsBassalt Basalt Rock_basalt Rock_Concrete Rock Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete 1m subtidal Final 12.000000 37.7804 25.497 Sao Miguel, Azores Mid-Atlantic Marinas_summer deploy_12 Sheltered Significant Figure4a/b- Summer deployment Added native and non-native species together
Vaz-pinto et al 2013 2013 121.0540000 33.9655163 106.8356000 34.3105409 12 12 12 Cover Sessile Algae_Polymer Algae_Rock Algae N Algae All 7x7cm 0.0049 Y Tile FibreglassvsBassalt Basalt Rock_basalt Rock_Polymer Rock Fibreglass Polymer_fibreglass Polymer_fibreglass Polymer 1m subtidal Final 12.000000 37.7804 25.497 Sao Miguel, Azores Mid-Atlantic Marinas_winter deploy_12 Sheltered Significant Figure4a/b- Winter deployment Added native and non-native species together
Vaz-pinto et al 2013 2013 121.0540000 33.9655163 112.4108000 53.2009798 12 12 12 Cover Sessile Algae_Concrete Algae_Rock Algae N Algae All 7x7cm 0.0049 Y Tile ConcretevsBassalt Basalt Rock_basalt Rock_Concrete Rock Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete 1m subtidal Final 12.000000 37.7804 25.497 Sao Miguel, Azores Mid-Atlantic Marinas_winter deploy_12 Sheltered Significant Figure4a/b- Winter deployment Added native and non-native species together
Anderson & Underwood 1994 1994 5.2228800 1.0049277 1.5654200 0.8658701 6 6 6 Richness Sessile Sessile_Metal Sessile_Wood Sessile N Sessile All 10 x 10 cm 0.01 Y Tiles Downward facing plywoodvsaluminim plywood Wood_plywood Wood_Metal Wood Aluminium Metal_aluminium Metal_aluminium Metal low Intertidal Final 1.000000 -34.01666667 151.1833333 Australia Tasman Exp 1-Jan deployment 1 Sheltered Significant Fig 3
Reid et al 2015 2015 2.3000000 0.3000000 1.5000000 0.5000000 3 4 3 Richness Sessile Sessile_Polymer Sessile_Wood Sessile N Sessile Algae/Invertebrate 11x11cm 0.0121 Y Tile Parallel to shoreline (vertical or slanted) WoodvsArylic Wood Wood_unclassified Wood_Polymer Wood Acrylic Polymer_mix Polymer_mix Polymer subtidal Final 2.000000 40.6683 74.0455 USA - Harlem River Park North Atlantic Gabion Exposed/sheltered Significant Table 5 onwards - tables only Only settlement plates from the full 2 month deployment can be considered. All plated deployed sub tidally. But on different ‘background’ substrates (seawalls vs gabions), this is considered OK, as we’re looking for overall trends in colonisation of materials, and can take background substrate into account if needed. No mobile spp data can be included from this study as the results were from complete settlement structures including multiple materials, all grouped together. Replicates varied across sites and settlement plate material.
Reid et al 2015 2015 2.3000000 0.3000000 1.5000000 0.5000000 2 4 2 Richness Sessile Sessile_Clay Sessile_Wood Sessile N Sessile Algae/Invertebrate 11x11cm 0.0121 Y Tile Parallel to shoreline (vertical or slanted) woodvsceramic Wood Wood_unclassified Wood_Clay Wood Ceramic_unglazed Clay Ceramic_unglazed Clay subtidal Final 2.000000 40.6683 74.0455 USA - Harlem River Park North Atlantic Gabion Exposed/sheltered HarlemRiverPark Table 5 onwards - tables only Only settlement plates from the full 2 month deployment can be considered. All plated deployed sub tidally. But on different ‘background’ substrates (seawalls vs gabions), this is considered OK, as we’re looking for overall trends in colonisation of materials, and can take background substrate into account if needed. No mobile spp data can be included from this study as the results were from complete settlement structures including multiple materials, all grouped together. Replicates varied across sites and settlement plate material.
Reid et al 2015 2015 2.2000000 0.2000000 1.5000000 0.3000000 4 5 4 Richness Sessile Sessile_Clay Sessile_Wood Sessile N Sessile Algae/Invertebrate 11x11cm 0.0121 Y Tile Parallel to shoreline (vertical or slanted) CeramicvsArylic Wood Wood_unclassified Wood_Clay Wood Ceramic_unglazed Clay Ceramic_unglazed Clay subtidal Final 2.000000 40.6683 74.0455 USA - West Harlem Piers North Atlantic Seawalls Exposed/sheltered Significant Table 5 onwards - tables only Only settlement plates from the full 2 month deployment can be considered. All plated deployed sub tidally. But on different ‘background’ substrates (seawalls vs gabions), this is considered OK, as we’re looking for overall trends in colonisation of materials, and can take background substrate into account if needed. No mobile spp data can be included from this study as the results were from complete settlement structures including multiple materials, all grouped together. Replicates varied across sites and settlement plate material.
Reid et al 2015 2015 1.6000000 0.2000000 1.5000000 0.3000000 4 5 4 Richness Sessile Sessile_Clay Sessile_Rock Sessile N Sessile Algae/Invertebrate 11x11cm 0.0121 Y Tile Parallel to shoreline (vertical or slanted) slatevsceramic Slate Rock_slate Rock_Clay Rock Ceramic_unglazed Clay Ceramic_unglazed Clay subtidal Final 2.000000 40.6683 74.0455 USA - West Harlem Piers North Atlantic Seawalls Exposed/sheltered Significant Table 5 onwards - tables only Only settlement plates from the full 2 month deployment can be considered. All plated deployed sub tidally. But on different ‘background’ substrates (seawalls vs gabions), this is considered OK, as we’re looking for overall trends in colonisation of materials, and can take background substrate into account if needed. No mobile spp data can be included from this study as the results were from complete settlement structures including multiple materials, all grouped together. Replicates varied across sites and settlement plate material.
Reid et al 2015 2015 1.0000000 1.0000000 1.5000000 0.5000000 2 4 2 Richness Sessile Sessile_Clay Sessile_Rock Sessile N Sessile Algae/Invertebrate 11x11cm 0.0121 Y Tile Parallel to shoreline (vertical or slanted) CeramicvsArylic Slate Rock_slate Rock_Clay Rock Ceramic_unglazed Clay Ceramic_unglazed Clay subtidal Final 2.000000 40.6683 74.0455 USA - Harlem River Park North Atlantic Gabion Exposed/sheltered HarlemRiverPark Table 5 onwards - tables only Only settlement plates from the full 2 month deployment can be considered. All plated deployed sub tidally. But on different ‘background’ substrates (seawalls vs gabions), this is considered OK, as we’re looking for overall trends in colonisation of materials, and can take background substrate into account if needed. No mobile spp data can be included from this study as the results were from complete settlement structures including multiple materials, all grouped together. Replicates varied across sites and settlement plate material.
Reid et al 2015 2015 1.0000000 1.0000000 1.5000000 0.5000000 2 4 2 Richness Sessile Sessile_Polymer Sessile_Rock Sessile N Sessile Algae/Invertebrate 11x11cm 0.0121 Y Tile Parallel to shoreline (vertical or slanted) SlatevsArylic Slate Rock_slate Rock_Polymer Rock Acrylic Polymer_mix Polymer_mix Polymer subtidal Final 2.000000 40.6683 74.0455 USA - Harlem River Park North Atlantic Gabion Exposed/sheltered Significant Table 5 onwards - tables only Only settlement plates from the full 2 month deployment can be considered. All plated deployed sub tidally. But on different ‘background’ substrates (seawalls vs gabions), this is considered OK, as we’re looking for overall trends in colonisation of materials, and can take background substrate into account if needed. No mobile spp data can be included from this study as the results were from complete settlement structures including multiple materials, all grouped together. Replicates varied across sites and settlement plate material.
Reid et al 2015 2015 2.0000000 0.0000000 1.3000000 0.9000000 3 3 3 Richness Sessile Sessile_Polymer Sessile_Wood Sessile N Sessile Algae/Invertebrate 11x11cm 0.0121 Y Tile Parallel to shoreline (vertical or slanted) WoodvsArylic Wood Wood_unclassified Wood_Polymer Wood Acrylic Polymer_mix Polymer_mix Polymer subtidal Final 2.000000 40.6683 74.0455 USA - Harlem River Park North Atlantic Seawalls Exposed/sheltered Significant Table 5 onwards - tables only Only settlement plates from the full 2 month deployment can be considered. All plated deployed sub tidally. But on different ‘background’ substrates (seawalls vs gabions), this is considered OK, as we’re looking for overall trends in colonisation of materials, and can take background substrate into account if needed. No mobile spp data can be included from this study as the results were from complete settlement structures including multiple materials, all grouped together. Replicates varied across sites and settlement plate material.
Reid et al 2015 2015 1.0000000 0.0000000 1.3000000 0.9000000 2 3 2 Richness Sessile Sessile_Polymer Sessile_Rock Sessile N Sessile Algae/Invertebrate 11x11cm 0.0121 Y Tile Parallel to shoreline (vertical or slanted) SlatevsArylic Slate Rock_slate Rock_Polymer Rock Acrylic Polymer_mix Polymer_mix Polymer subtidal Final 2.000000 40.6683 74.0455 USA - Harlem River Park North Atlantic Seawalls Exposed/sheltered Significant Table 5 onwards - tables only Only settlement plates from the full 2 month deployment can be considered. All plated deployed sub tidally. But on different ‘background’ substrates (seawalls vs gabions), this is considered OK, as we’re looking for overall trends in colonisation of materials, and can take background substrate into account if needed. No mobile spp data can be included from this study as the results were from complete settlement structures including multiple materials, all grouped together. Replicates varied across sites and settlement plate material.
Reid et al 2015 2015 0.7000000 0.7000000 1.3000000 0.9000000 3 5 3 Richness Sessile Sessile_Polymer Sessile_Wood Sessile N Sessile Algae/Invertebrate 11x11cm 0.0121 Y Tile Parallel to shoreline (vertical or slanted) WoodvsArylic Wood Wood_unclassified Wood_Polymer Wood Acrylic Polymer_mix Polymer_mix Polymer subtidal Final 2.000000 40.6683 74.0455 USA - West Harlem Piers North Atlantic Riprap Exposed/sheltered Significant Table 5 onwards - tables only Only settlement plates from the full 2 month deployment can be considered. All plated deployed sub tidally. But on different ‘background’ substrates (seawalls vs gabions), this is considered OK, as we’re looking for overall trends in colonisation of materials, and can take background substrate into account if needed. No mobile spp data can be included from this study as the results were from complete settlement structures including multiple materials, all grouped together. Replicates varied across sites and settlement plate material.
Walker 2002 2002 641.0000000 142.0000000 543.0000000 182.0000000 4 4 4 Density Fish Fish_Polymer Fish_Rock Fish N Fish All 25x1.2m diameter, 25x1.5m diamter 1 Y Reef mixed RockvsTire Limestone Rock_limestone Rock_Polymer Rock Rubber Polymer_rubber Polymer_rubber Polymer NA subtidal Final 12.000000 25.77 -80.14 USA Atlantic Reef sheltered NS Text
Walker 2002 2002 641.0000000 142.0000000 522.0000000 128.0000000 4 4 4 Density Fish Fish_Concrete Fish_Rock Fish N Fish All 25x1.2m diameter, 25x1.5m diamter 1 Y Reef mixed RockvsConcrete Limestone Rock_limestone Rock_Concrete Rock Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete NA subtidal Final 12.000000 25.77 -80.14 USA Atlantic Reef sheltered NS Text
Gersun et al. 2016 2016 3.5800000 1.0500000 2.5000000 0.9700000 15 15 15 Cover Sessile Algae_Clay Algae_Rock Algae Y Coralline_Algae EncrustingCoralline All Corallinales Corallinales 9.1x9.7 0.0094 Y Tile upward facing marblevsceramic marble Rock_marble Rock_Clay Rock Ceramic_unglazed Clay Clay_unglazed Clay NA subtidal Final 6.000000 -27.524722 32.676944 2 mile reef, South Africa Indian Ocean Reef subtidal NS Table 4
Ushiama2016 2016 138.0600000 20.3820000 158.1210000 29.2960000 8 8 8 Density Sessile Sessile_Polymer Sessile_Rock Sessile No All 11x11cm 0.0121 Y Tile mixed RockvsPerspex Sandstone Rock_sandstone Rock_Polymer Rock Perspex Polymer_mix Polymer_mix Polymer NA subtidal Final 3.000000 -33.83 151.29 Australia East Reef exposed Significant Figure 3
Ushiama2016 2016 138.0600000 20.3820000 90.2870000 17.8344000 8 8 8 Density Sessile Sessile_Metal Sessile_Rock Sessile No All 11x11cm 0.0121 Y Tile mixed RockvsSteel Sandstone Rock_sandstone Rock_Metal Rock Steel Metal_steel Metal_steel Metal NA subtidal Final 3.000000 -33.83 151.29 Australia East Reef exposed Significant Figure 3
Ushiama2016 2016 123.0960000 11.4600000 158.1210000 29.2960000 8 8 8 Density Sessile Sessile_Polymer Sessile_Wood Sessile No All 11x11cm 0.0121 Y Tile mixed WoodvsPerspex Turpentine Tree Wood_unclassified Wood_Polymer Wood Perspex Polymer_mix Polymer_mix Polymer NA subtidal Final 3.000000 -33.83 151.29 Australia East Reef exposed Significant Figure 3
Ushiama2016 2016 123.0960000 11.4600000 90.2870000 17.8344000 8 8 8 Density Sessile Sessile_Metal Sessile_Wood Sessile No All 11x11cm 0.0121 Y Tile mixed WoodvsSteel Turpentine Tree Wood_unclassified Wood_Metal Wood Steel Metal_steel Metal_steel Metal NA subtidal Final 3.000000 -33.83 151.29 Australia East Reef exposed Significant Figure 3
Reid et al 2015 2015 0.7000000 0.7000000 1.3000000 0.7000000 3 3 3 Richness Sessile Sessile_Clay Sessile_Wood Sessile N Sessile Algae/Invertebrate 11x11cm 0.0121 Y Tile Parallel to shoreline (vertical or slanted) CeramicvsArylic Wood Wood_unclassified Wood_Clay Wood Ceramic_unglazed Clay Ceramic_unglazed Clay subtidal Final 2.000000 40.6683 74.0455 USA - West Harlem Piers North Atlantic Riprap Exposed/sheltered Significant Table 5 onwards - tables only Only settlement plates from the full 2 month deployment can be considered. All plated deployed sub tidally. But on different ‘background’ substrates (seawalls vs gabions), this is considered OK, as we’re looking for overall trends in colonisation of materials, and can take background substrate into account if needed. No mobile spp data can be included from this study as the results were from complete settlement structures including multiple materials, all grouped together. Replicates varied across sites and settlement plate material.
Vaz-pinto et al 2013 2013 2.4545500 0.4723649 0.7272730 0.6298360 12 12 12 Richness Sessile Sessile_Polymer Sessile_Rock Sessile N Invertebrates (and algae) All 7x7cm 0.0049 Y Tile FibreglassvsBassalt Basalt Rock_basalt Rock_Polymer Rock Fibreglass Polymer_fibreglass Polymer_fibreglass Polymer 1m subtidal Final 3.000000 37.7804 25.497 Sao Miguel, Azores Mid-Atlantic Marinas_winter deploy_3 Sheltered Significant Figure2a/b- Winter deployment Added native and non-native species together
Reid et al 2015 2015 2.0000000 0.0000000 0.5000000 0.5000000 2 3 2 Richness Sessile Sessile_Clay Sessile_Wood Sessile N Sessile Algae/Invertebrate 11x11cm 0.0121 Y Tile Parallel to shoreline (vertical or slanted) woodvsceramic Wood Wood_unclassified Wood_Clay Wood Ceramic_unglazed Clay Ceramic_unglazed Clay subtidal Final 2.000000 40.6683 74.0455 USA - Harlem River Park North Atlantic Seawalls Exposed/sheltered HarlemRiverPark Table 5 onwards - tables only Only settlement plates from the full 2 month deployment can be considered. All plated deployed sub tidally. But on different ‘background’ substrates (seawalls vs gabions), this is considered OK, as we’re looking for overall trends in colonisation of materials, and can take background substrate into account if needed. No mobile spp data can be included from this study as the results were from complete settlement structures including multiple materials, all grouped together. Replicates varied across sites and settlement plate material.
Reid et al 2015 2015 1.0000000 0.0000000 0.5000000 0.5000000 2 3 2 Richness Sessile Sessile_Clay Sessile_Rock Sessile N Sessile Algae/Invertebrate 11x11cm 0.0121 Y Tile Parallel to shoreline (vertical or slanted) CeramicvsArylic Slate Rock_slate Rock_Clay Rock Ceramic_unglazed Clay Ceramic_unglazed Clay subtidal Final 2.000000 40.6683 74.0455 USA - Harlem River Park North Atlantic Seawalls Exposed/sheltered HarlemRiverPark Table 5 onwards - tables only Only settlement plates from the full 2 month deployment can be considered. All plated deployed sub tidally. But on different ‘background’ substrates (seawalls vs gabions), this is considered OK, as we’re looking for overall trends in colonisation of materials, and can take background substrate into account if needed. No mobile spp data can be included from this study as the results were from complete settlement structures including multiple materials, all grouped together. Replicates varied across sites and settlement plate material.
Urh2017 2017 42.8800000 NA 26.9800000 NA 2 2 2 Density Benthic Invert_Polymer Invert_Rock Invert No All 14x14cm 0.0196 y Tile downfacing Slate Rock_slate Rock_Polymer Rock Fibreglass Polymer_fibreglass Polymer_fibreglass Polymer NA Floating Final 4.602738 42.363667 71.034167 USA East Boston Shipyard and Marina located in Boston, Massachusetts Tiles NA Table 3
Urh2017 2017 42.8800000 NA 34.8500000 NA 2 2 2 Density Benthic Invert_Concrete Invert_Rock Invert No All 14x14cm 0.0196 y Tile downfacing Slate Rock_slate Rock_Concrete Rock Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete NA Floating Final 4.602738 42.363667 71.034167 USA East Boston Shipyard and Marina located in Boston, Massachusetts Tiles NA Table 3
Urh2017 2017 42.8800000 NA 35.1500000 NA 2 2 2 Density Benthic Invert_Polymer Invert_Rock Invert No All 14x14cm 0.0196 y Tile downfacing Slate Rock_slate Rock_Polymer Rock PVC Polymer_mix Polymer_mix Polymer NA Floating Final 4.602738 42.363667 71.034167 USA East Boston Shipyard and Marina located in Boston, Massachusetts Tiles NA Table 3
Urh2017 2017 1.9432000 NA 0.7603000 NA 2 2 2 Cover Sessile Invert_Concrete Invert_Rock Invert No All 14x14cm 0.0196 y Tile downfacing Slate Rock_slate Rock_Concrete Rock Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete NA Floating Final 4.602738 42.363667 71.034167 USA East Boston Shipyard and Marina located in Boston, Massachusetts Tiles NA Table 3
Urh2017 2017 1.9432000 NA 0.8529000 NA 2 2 2 Cover Sessile Invert_Polymer Invert_Rock Invert No All 14x14cm 0.0196 y Tile downfacing Slate Rock_slate Rock_Polymer Rock Fibreglass Polymer_fibreglass Polymer_fibreglass Polymer NA Floating Final 4.602738 42.363667 71.034167 USA East Boston Shipyard and Marina located in Boston, Massachusetts Tiles NA Table 3
Urh2017 2017 1.9432000 NA 1.4423000 NA 2 2 2 Cover Sessile Invert_Polymer Invert_Rock Invert No All 14x14cm 0.0196 y Tile downfacing Slate Rock_slate Rock_Polymer Rock PVC Polymer_mix Polymer_mix Polymer NA Floating Final 4.602738 42.363667 71.034167 USA East Boston Shipyard and Marina located in Boston, Massachusetts Tiles NA Table 3
# this is the data we want to make available: 
meta %>%
  download_this(
    output_name = "General_community_dataset",
    output_extension = ".csv",
    button_type = "default",
    has_icon = T, 
    icon = "fa fa-save",
    csv2 = F
  )

1.3 Definitions

Note on definitions used in the analysis:

Parameters: included in the analyses are (Biomass and Growth have been excluded from the dataset, as they had low data availability and are not directly comparable to cover, density and richness):

## [1] "Cover"    "Density"  "Richness"

Function: these are the included functional groups:

## [1] "Algae"   "Benthic" "Fish"    "Invert"  "Sessile"

1.3.1 Control

Control: these are substrates that are considered NATURAL and have not undergone a transformative process:

levels(meta$Control)
## [1] "Biogenic" "Rock"     "Wood"

And the detailed breakdown of included natural materials: Biogenic (details)

meta %>%
  dplyr::filter(Control == "Biogenic") %>%
  {    unique(.$Control_detail)  }
## [1] Coral                Shell                Shell_clam          
## [4] Shell_oyster         Coral_rubble crushed Oyster_CA           
## [7] Oyster_CV           
## 28 Levels: Basalt Coral Coral_rubble crushed Gabbro Granite ... Wood_vitex parviflora molave

Rock (details)

meta %>%
  dplyr::filter(Control == "Rock") %>%
  {    unique(.$Control_detail)  }
##  [1] Rock               Limestone          Sandstone          Basalt            
##  [5] Rock (sandstone)   Granite            Gabbro             River Rock        
##  [9] Siltstone          Rock_quarried rock Slate              Marble            
## [13] marble            
## 28 Levels: Basalt Coral Coral_rubble crushed Gabbro Granite ... Wood_vitex parviflora molave

Wood (details)

meta %>%
  dplyr::filter(Control == "Wood") %>%
  {    unique(.$Control_detail)  }
## [1] plywood                      Wood                        
## [3] Turpentine Tree              Wood_pine                   
## [5] Wood_3                       Wood_5                      
## [7] Wood_oak salt treated        Wood_vitex parviflora molave
## 28 Levels: Basalt Coral Coral_rubble crushed Gabbro Granite ... Wood_vitex parviflora molave

1.3.2 Treatment

Treatment: these are substrates that are considered ARTIFICIAL and are either completely manufactured or have undergone a some kind of transformative process:

levels(meta$Treatment)
## [1] "Clay"     "Concrete" "Metal"    "Polymer"

Detailed breakdown of included artificial materials:

Clay (details)

meta %>%
  dplyr::filter(Treatment =="Clay") %>%
  { unique(.$Treatment_detail) }
## [1] Terracotta       Porcelain        Ceramic_unglazed Brick           
## [5] Brick fragments 
## 29 Levels: Acrylic Aluminium Brick Brick fragments Cement ... Terracotta

Concrete (details)

meta %>%
  dplyr::filter(Treatment =="Concrete") %>%
  { unique(.$Treatment_detail) }
## [1] Concrete                 Concrete_2               Concrete_6              
## [4] Cement                   Concrete_recycled rubble
## 29 Levels: Acrylic Aluminium Brick Brick fragments Cement ... Terracotta

Metal (details)

meta %>%
  dplyr::filter(Treatment =="Metal") %>%
  { unique(.$Treatment_detail) }
## [1] Aluminium       Metal           Steel           Metal_nickel   
## [5] Enamelled Metal Rusty metal     Stainless Steel
## 29 Levels: Acrylic Aluminium Brick Brick fragments Cement ... Terracotta

Polymer (details)

meta %>%
  dplyr::filter(Treatment =="Polymer") %>%
  { unique(.$Treatment_detail) }
##  [1] Fibreglass                Rubber                   
##  [3] Perspex                   HDPE                     
##  [5] PVC                       Plexi                    
##  [7] Polycarbonate             Acrylic                  
##  [9] Plexi_methyl methacrylate Plastic                  
## [11] Plastic_polypropylene     Styrofoam                
## 29 Levels: Acrylic Aluminium Brick Brick fragments Cement ... Terracotta

2 DATA WRANGLING

2.1 Dealing with ZEROS

The method we’re using for ESCALC - the log ratio of means, cannot handle zeros in the denominator/numerator as you can’t take a log of zero.

To deal with zeros we can either, run the model:

  • with the zeros removed, or
  • with the zero values having 0.5 added to them.

We have chosen to keep the data - rather than just remove the zeros - as the means or SDs of controls and treatments that contain zeros, make up ~14% of the data.

Here we add a constant of 0.5 to SDs of control and treatment, and means of control and treatment.

#first lets see how many zeros there are:
meta_zeros <- meta %>%
  filter(MeanControl == 0.0 |
           MeanTreatment == 0.0 | SDControl == 0.0 | SDTreatment == 0.0)
# 98 rows with zeros in means or SDs

# # Removing Zeros - this works, but not used
# meta_no_zeros <- meta[meta$MeanControl != 0, ]
# meta_no_zeros <- meta_no_zeros[meta_no_zeros$MeanTreatment != 0, ]
# meta_no_zeros <- meta_no_zeros[meta_no_zeros$SDControl != 0, ]
# meta_no_zeros <- meta_no_zeros[meta_no_zeros$SDTreatment != 0, ]
# # 650 from 749 - removed 99. 

#meta <- meta_no_zeros  # the option for just removing all rows with zeros. 

# there are 99 instances in total of 749 possibles. 
# this is 13.21% - we would prefer to retain the data, and therefore 
# have added 0.5 to everything.
meta_05 <- meta %>%
  mutate_at(vars(c(
    "SDControl", "SDTreatment", "MeanControl", "MeanTreatment"
  )),
  ~ . + 0.5)
#using the 0.5 option.. (leaves in Nas)
meta <- meta_05
rm(meta_05, meta_zeros) #clearing variables no longer needed. 

# check output
#head(meta)

2.2 Dropping or replacing SD blanks

Previously we left blank SDs out, but this also removed a lot of data. A better practice is to use the function of the log of the SD and the control or treatment means to replace the missing data.

We fill the missing SDs for each parameter separately.

Checks: How many studies/datapoints have missing SDs?

#datapoints with missing SDs:
meta_gaps <- meta %>% filter(is.na(SDControl) & is.na(SDTreatment))
#using only complete pairs for developing the function
meta_no_gaps <- meta %>% filter(!is.na(SDControl) & !is.na(SDTreatment))

There are 126 datapoints missing SDs out of 813 in the full dataset. This equates to 15.5 % of datapoints.

For the habitat forming subset there are

meta_gaps %>% filter(Habitat.Forming...Y.N. == "Y") %>% nrow()
## [1] 43

datapoints missing SDs out of

meta %>% filter(Habitat.Forming...Y.N. == "Y") %>% nrow()
## [1] 332

habitat forming species datapoints in total. This is

round((meta_gaps %>% 
         filter(Habitat.Forming...Y.N. == "Y") %>%
         nrow()) / 
        (meta %>% 
           filter(Habitat.Forming...Y.N. == "Y") %>%
           nrow()) *
        100,
      2)
## [1] 12.95

%.

There are 7 studies with gaps in SDs from a total of 33 studies in the dataset. This equates to 21.21%.

Less than ~20-30% is considered OK.

The studies with missing SDs are:

##   unique(meta_gaps$Study)
## 1  Chapman & Clynick 2006
## 2               Chase2015
## 3       Graham et al 2016
## 4              Hanson1976
## 5              Hills 1996
## 6            Olaliaet2009
## 7                 Urh2017

The parameters that are missing at least one SD include: Cover, Density, Richness, (i.e. all of them).

The distribution of missing SD is as follows:

# showing data in .html version of doc
kable(a, "html") %>%
  kable_styling("striped", position = "left") %>%
  scroll_box(width = "100%",
             height = "100%")
names Cover Density Richness
No. datapoints missing SD 58.00000 36.00000 32.00000
Total no. datapoints 490.00000 235.00000 88.00000
Percentage datapoints missing SD 11.83673 15.31915 36.36364
rm(a)

Filling in the missing SDs for both the controls and the treatments, separately:

2.2.1 RICHNESS Control:

Calculations

#Original data
plot(meta_no_gaps$MeanControl, meta_no_gaps$SDControl)
#Logged data
# plotting trend lines per parameter and overall trend line.
p05 <-
  ggplot(meta_no_gaps, aes(x = log10(MeanControl) , y = log10(SDControl))) +
  geom_point(aes(colour = Parameter)) +
  stat_smooth (method = "lm", aes (colour = Parameter), se = F) +
  stat_smooth(method = "lm", aes(), se = F)
ggsave(p05, filename = "./outputs/natural/control_mean_sd.tiff", width = 10)

# find the equation of the line: 
#lm(y~x)
#must log10 ..data as with the plot. 
reg_2_05 <- lm(log10(meta_no_gaps$SDControl) ~log10(meta_no_gaps$MeanControl))
# check this against the plot
plot(log10(meta_no_gaps$MeanControl), log10(meta_no_gaps$SDControl))
abline(reg_2_05, col = "blue")
#model results summary
coef(reg_2_05)
paste('log10(SD) =',
      coef(reg_2_05)[[2]],
      '* log10(mean)',
      '+',
      coef(reg_2_05)[[1]])

# using the results from the lm() to "predict" or fill the gaps in the original 
#data frame: 
#only replacing SDs for Richness - 
# cover and density will be done independently below. 
meta_rich <- meta %>%
  filter(Parameter %in% c("Richness")) %>%
  mutate(SDControl = ifelse(is.na(SDControl),
                            10 ^ ((
                              coef(reg_2_05)[[2]] * log10(MeanControl)
                            ) +
                              coef(reg_2_05)[[1]]), SDControl))

# comparative plots - logged
# nogaps logged
meta_no_gaps %>%
  ggplot(aes(x = log10(MeanControl), y = log10(SDControl))) +
  geom_point()
ggsave(filename = "./outputs/natural/Control_original_log.tiff", width = 10)


rm(p05)

Filled gaps

#gaps filled
meta_rich %>%
  ggplot(aes(x = log10(MeanControl), y = log10(SDControl))) +
  geom_point()

ggsave(filename = "./outputs/natural/bio_rich_Control_filled_log.tiff", width = 10)

2.2.2 RICHNESS Treatment:

Calculations

#Original data
plot(meta_no_gaps$MeanTreatment, meta_no_gaps$SDTreatment)
#Logged data
# plotting trend lines per parameter and overall trend line.
meta_no_gaps %>%
  ggplot(aes(x = log10(MeanTreatment) , y = log10(SDTreatment))) +
  geom_point(aes(colour = Parameter)) +
  stat_smooth (method = "lm", aes (colour = Parameter), se = F) +
  stat_smooth(method = "lm", aes(), se = F)
ggsave(filename = "./outputs/natural/Treatment_mean_sd.tiff")
# some outliers - but mostly looks ok. 

# find the equation of the line: 
#lm(y~x)
reg_3_05 <-
  lm(log10(meta_no_gaps$SDTreatment) ~ log10(meta_no_gaps$MeanTreatment))
plot(log10(meta_no_gaps$MeanTreatment), log10(meta_no_gaps$SDTreatment))
abline(reg_3_05, col = "blue")
#model results summary  
coef(reg_3_05)
paste('log10(SD) =',
      coef(reg_3_05)[[2]],
      '* log10(mean)',
      '+',
      coef(reg_3_05)[[1]])

#filling gaps in TREATMENT SD:
#Accepting changes: 
# changing to only  richness that get filled/imputed by this general function.
# Cover and Density independently , below.
meta_rich <- meta_rich %>%
  mutate(SDTreatment = ifelse(is.na(SDTreatment),
                              10 ^ ((
                                coef(reg_3_05)[[2]] * log10(MeanTreatment)
                              ) +
                                coef(reg_3_05)[[1]]), SDTreatment))
  
# comparative plots - logged
#no gaps
meta_no_gaps %>%
  ggplot(aes(x = log10(MeanTreatment), y = log10(SDTreatment))) +
  geom_point()
ggsave(filename = "./outputs/natural/Treatment_original_log.tiff", width = 10)

Filled gaps

#gaps filled
meta_rich %>%
  ggplot(aes(x = log10(MeanTreatment), y = log10(SDTreatment))) +
  geom_point()

ggsave(filename = "./outputs/natural/bio_rich_Treatment_filled_log.tiff", width = 10)

2.2.3 COVER - Control

Calculations

#Cover data
meta_cov <- meta %>%
  filter(Parameter =="Cover")
#datapoints with missing SDs:
meta_gaps <- meta_cov %>% filter(is.na(SDControl) & is.na(SDTreatment))
#using only complete pairs for developing the function
meta_no_gaps <- meta_cov %>% filter(!is.na(SDControl) & !is.na(SDTreatment))

#Original data
plot(meta_no_gaps$MeanControl, meta_no_gaps$SDControl)
#Logged data
# plotting trend lines per parameter and overall trend line.
p05 <-
  ggplot(meta_no_gaps, aes(x = log10(MeanControl) , y = log10(SDControl))) +
  geom_point(aes(colour = Parameter)) +
  stat_smooth (method = "lm", aes (colour = Parameter), se = F) +
  stat_smooth(method = "lm", aes(), se = F)
ggsave(filename = "./outputs/natural/cover_control_mean_sd.tiff", width = 10)

# find the equation of the line: 
#lm(y~x)
#must log10 ..data as with the plot. 
reg_2_05 <- lm(log10(meta_no_gaps$SDControl) ~log10(meta_no_gaps$MeanControl))
# check this against the plot
plot(log10(meta_no_gaps$MeanControl), log10(meta_no_gaps$SDControl))
abline(reg_2_05, col = "blue")
#model results summary
coef(reg_2_05)
paste('log10(SD) =',
      coef(reg_2_05)[[2]],
      '* log10(mean)',
      '+',
      coef(reg_2_05)[[1]])

# using the results from the lm() to "predict" or fill the gaps in the original 
#data frame: 
meta_cov <- meta_cov %>%
  mutate(SDControl = ifelse(is.na(SDControl),
                            10 ^ ((
                              coef(reg_2_05)[[2]] * log10(MeanControl)
                            ) +
                              coef(reg_2_05)[[1]]), SDControl))

# comparative plots
#no gaps
meta_no_gaps %>%
  ggplot(aes(x = MeanControl, y = SDControl)) +
  geom_point()
ggsave(filename = "./outputs/natural/cover_Control_original.tiff", width = 10)
#gaps
meta_cov %>%
  ggplot(aes(x = MeanControl, y = SDControl)) +
  geom_point()
ggsave(filename = "./outputs/natural/cover_Control_filled.tiff", width = 10)

# comparative plots - logged
# nogaps logged
meta_no_gaps %>%
  ggplot(aes(x = log10(MeanControl), y = log10(SDControl))) +
  geom_point()
ggsave(filename = "./outputs/natural/cover_Control_original_log.tiff", width = 10)


rm(p05)

Filled Gaps

#gaps filled
meta_cov %>%
  ggplot(aes(x = log10(MeanControl), y = log10(SDControl))) +
  geom_point()

ggsave(filename = "./outputs/natural/cover_Control_filled_log.tiff", width = 10)

2.2.4 COVER - Treatment

Calculations

#Original data (cover already selected above)
plot(meta_no_gaps$MeanTreatment, meta_no_gaps$SDTreatment)
#Logged data
# plotting trend lines per parameter and overall trend line.
meta_no_gaps %>%
  ggplot(aes(x = log10(MeanTreatment) , y = log10(SDTreatment))) +
  geom_point(aes(colour = Parameter)) +
  stat_smooth (method = "lm", aes (colour = Parameter), se = F) +
  stat_smooth(method = "lm", aes(), se = F)
ggsave(filename = "./outputs/natural/cover_Treatment_mean_sd.tiff", width = 10)
# some outliers - but mostly looks ok. 

# find the equation of the line: 
#lm(y~x)
reg_3_05 <-
  lm(log10(meta_no_gaps$SDTreatment) ~ log10(meta_no_gaps$MeanTreatment))
plot(log10(meta_no_gaps$MeanTreatment), log10(meta_no_gaps$SDTreatment))
abline(reg_3_05, col = "blue")
#model results summary  
coef(reg_3_05)
paste('log10(SD) =',
      coef(reg_3_05)[[2]],
      '* log10(mean)',
      '+',
      coef(reg_3_05)[[1]])

#filling gaps in TREATMENT SD
#Accepting changes: 
# Cover only
meta_cov <- meta_cov %>%
  mutate(SDTreatment = ifelse(is.na(SDTreatment),
                              10 ^ ((
                                coef(reg_3_05)[[2]] * log10(MeanTreatment)
                              ) +
                                coef(reg_3_05)[[1]]), SDTreatment))
  
# comparative plots - logged
#no gaps
meta_no_gaps %>%
  ggplot(aes(x = log10(MeanTreatment), y = log10(SDTreatment))) +
  geom_point()
ggsave(filename = "./outputs/natural/cover_Treatment_original_log.tiff", width = 10)

Filled gaps

#gaps filled
meta_cov %>%
  ggplot(aes(x = log10(MeanTreatment), y = log10(SDTreatment))) +
  geom_point()

ggsave(filename = "./outputs/natural/cover_Treatment_filled_log.tiff", width = 10)

2.2.5 DENSITY - Control

Calculations

#Density data
meta_dens <- meta %>%
  filter(Parameter =="Density")
#datapoints with missing SDs:
meta_gaps <- meta_dens %>% filter(is.na(SDControl) & is.na(SDTreatment))
#using only complete pairs for developing the function
meta_no_gaps <- meta_dens %>% filter(!is.na(SDControl) & !is.na(SDTreatment))

#Original data
plot(meta_no_gaps$MeanControl, meta_no_gaps$SDControl)
#Logged data
# plotting trend lines per parameter and overall trend line.
p05 <-
  ggplot(meta_no_gaps, aes(x = log10(MeanControl) , y = log10(SDControl))) +
  geom_point(aes(colour = Parameter)) +
  stat_smooth (method = "lm", aes (colour = Parameter), se = F) +
  stat_smooth(method = "lm", aes(), se = F)
ggsave(filename = "./outputs/natural/density_control_mean_sd.tiff", width = 10)

# find the equation of the line: 
#lm(y~x)
#must log10 ..data as with the plot. 
reg_2_05 <- lm(log10(meta_no_gaps$SDControl) ~log10(meta_no_gaps$MeanControl))
# check this against the plot
plot(log10(meta_no_gaps$MeanControl), log10(meta_no_gaps$SDControl))
abline(reg_2_05, col = "blue")
#model results summary
coef(reg_2_05)
paste('log10(SD) =',
      coef(reg_2_05)[[2]],
      '* log10(mean)',
      '+',
      coef(reg_2_05)[[1]])

# using the results from the lm() to "predict" or fill the gaps in the original 
#data frame: 
meta_dens <- meta_dens %>%
  mutate(SDControl = ifelse(is.na(SDControl),
                            10 ^ ((
                              coef(reg_2_05)[[2]] * log10(MeanControl)
                            ) +
                              coef(reg_2_05)[[1]]), SDControl))

# comparative plots
#no gaps
meta_no_gaps %>%
  ggplot(aes(x = MeanControl, y = SDControl)) +
  geom_point()
ggsave(filename = "./outputs/natural/density_Control_original.tiff", width = 10)
#gaps
meta_dens %>%
  ggplot(aes(x = MeanControl, y = SDControl)) +
  geom_point()
ggsave(filename = "./outputs/natural/density_Control_filled.tiff", width = 10)

# comparative plots - logged
# nogaps logged
meta_no_gaps %>%
  ggplot(aes(x = log10(MeanControl), y = log10(SDControl))) +
  geom_point()
ggsave(filename = "./outputs/natural/density_Control_original_log.tiff", width = 10)


rm(p05)

Filled gaps

#gaps filled
meta_dens %>%
  ggplot(aes(x = log10(MeanControl), y = log10(SDControl))) +
  geom_point()

ggsave(filename = "./outputs/natural/density_Control_filled_log.tiff", width = 10)

2.2.6 DENSITY - Treatment

Calculations

#Original data (density already selected above)
plot(meta_no_gaps$MeanTreatment, meta_no_gaps$SDTreatment)
#Logged data
# plotting trend lines per parameter and overall trend line.
meta_no_gaps %>%
  ggplot(aes(x = log10(MeanTreatment) , y = log10(SDTreatment))) +
  geom_point(aes(colour = Parameter)) +
  stat_smooth (method = "lm", aes (colour = Parameter), se = F) +
  stat_smooth(method = "lm", aes(), se = F)
ggsave(filename = "./outputs/natural/density_Treatment_mean_sd.tiff", width = 10)
# some outliers - but mostly looks ok. 

# find the equation of the line: 
#lm(y~x)
reg_3_05 <-
  lm(log10(meta_no_gaps$SDTreatment) ~ log10(meta_no_gaps$MeanTreatment))
plot(log10(meta_no_gaps$MeanTreatment), log10(meta_no_gaps$SDTreatment))
abline(reg_3_05, col = "blue")
#model results summary  
coef(reg_3_05)
paste('log10(SD) =',
      coef(reg_3_05)[[2]],
      '* log10(mean)',
      '+',
      coef(reg_3_05)[[1]])

#filling gaps in TREATMENT SD
#Accepting changes: 
# density only
meta_dens <- meta_dens %>%
  mutate(SDTreatment = ifelse(is.na(SDTreatment),
                              10 ^ ((
                                coef(reg_3_05)[[2]] * log10(MeanTreatment)
                              ) +
                                coef(reg_3_05)[[1]]), SDTreatment))
  
# comparative plots - logged
#no gaps
meta_no_gaps %>%
  ggplot(aes(x = log10(MeanTreatment), y = log10(SDTreatment))) +
  geom_point()
ggsave(filename = "./outputs/natural/density_Treatment_original_log.tiff",width = 10)

Filled gaps

#gaps filled
meta_dens %>%
  ggplot(aes(x = log10(MeanTreatment), y = log10(SDTreatment))) +
  geom_point()

ggsave(filename = "./outputs/natural/density_Treatment_filled_log.tiff", width = 10)

2.2.7 Putting META back together

Essentially rbind all 3 (if column order hasn’t changed)

Filled gaps for all CONTROL/Natural materials

meta <- rbind(meta_dens, meta_cov, meta_rich)
#checking final data with ggplot
# control
p <-
  ggplot(meta, aes(x = log10(MeanControl) , y = log10(SDControl), )) +
  geom_point(aes(colour = Parameter))  
p + stat_smooth (method = "lm", aes (colour = Parameter), se = F)

Filled gaps for all TREATMENT/Artificial materials

# Treatment
p <-
  ggplot(meta, aes(x = log10(MeanTreatment) , y = log10(SDTreatment),)) +
  geom_point(aes(colour = Parameter))
p + stat_smooth (method = "lm", aes (colour = Parameter), se = F)

Removing excess variables

rm(reg_2_05,reg_3_05,meta_gaps,meta_no_gaps,p,meta_cov, meta_dens, meta_rich)

2.3 Creating Reference Columns

Checking that there are sufficient identifier and reference columns for our random effects:

  • Adding Effect ID which represents each unique datapoint in the database.
  • Study already exists - showing data points which come from the same study.
  • We also add experiment ID, which shows which datapoints come from the same experiment. We do this by grouping by study, location, and other reference columns that identify unique experiments within the same study.
  • Duration is not included as we are incorporating repeated measures time points
  • and therefore is not a unique identifier for experiment ID.

These are mostly important for the random effects and independence components of the analysis.

# create column with unique data points.. row names essentially 
meta<- rowid_to_column(meta, "Effect_ID")
meta$Effect_ID <-as.factor(meta$Effect_ID)#

#need an ID to define experiment groupings
exp_ID <- meta %>%
  group_by(
    Study,
    Location,
    Structure,    
    Tidalheight.Depth,
    Exposure,
    Sea
  ) %>%
  summarise(num_instances = n()) #just for interest


# row ID for exp number
exp_ID<- rowid_to_column(exp_ID, "Exp_ID")
# now join back to main dataset based based on this number:
meta <- left_join(
  meta,
  exp_ID,
  by = c(
    "Study",
    "Location",
    "Structure",
    "Tidalheight.Depth",
    "Exposure",
    "Sea" 
  )
)
meta$Exp_ID <- as.factor(meta$Exp_ID)

rm(exp_ID)  # leaving in for now, to check numbers

2.4 Accounting for non-independence

Partitioning the “n”

Accounting for instances where the experimental error is shared between datapoints rather than being independent is an important step. This is because the meta-regression models we’re using assume independence, unless told otherwise.

Here we partition the replicates of the controls and treatments depending on whether they are shared or not.

  • when grouped by control.. how many treatment TYPES are there? (ie cases of shared treatments)
  • when grouped by treatment.. how many control TYPES are there? (ie cases of shared controls)

Partitioning based on CONTROL: n1i_control_n:

#Adding in a new column to the dataset for the reduced n1i 
# 1 = Control, 2 - Treatment
# number of treatment types for each control

meta <-
  meta %>%
  group_by(Exp_ID,
           Control_detail) %>% #how many treatment types are there per control?
  #summarise(unique_types_treatment = n_distinct(Treatment_detail)) # to check its working
  dplyr::mutate(unique_types_treatment = n_distinct(Treatment_detail))

# Partition the N based on these results: 
meta <- meta %>%
  dplyr::mutate(reducedn1i_control = (Control.Replicate / unique_types_treatment))

Partitioning based on Treatment: n2i_treatment_n:

#number of control types for each treatment:
meta <- meta %>%
  group_by(Exp_ID,
           Treatment_detail) %>%
  #summarise(unique_types_control = n_distinct(Control_detail)) # to check its working
  dplyr::mutate(unique_types_control = n_distinct(Control_detail))

# partition N based on these results
meta <- meta %>%
  dplyr::mutate(reducedn2i_treatment =
           (Treatment.Replicate / unique_types_control)) 

3 ESCALC and VCV

Have now switched Control and Treatment to ensure the Orchard plot is still inline with the standard meta plots. This means we now have:

Group 1 = TREATMENT - Artificial substrates Group 2 = CONTROL - Natural substrates (Therefore +ve results favour treatments, and -ve results favour control)

Calculating the effect sizes and outcome measures. We’re using the Risk Ratio - in the form of Ratio of Means, and we will take the log of this ratio - centered around zero.

To account for multiple timepoints coming from the same tile/experiment this calculates a matrix which is used as “V” in the models that follow. For the models the “Yi” comes from Escalc, and the “VI” will come from this V.

This VCV matrix uses Study as a clustering parameter, which will then account for all non-independence in the experiments within study - in this case that includes, repeated measures sampling AND multiple measures from the same experiment (measurement parameters). [which is only a problem for the “All” models].

# we originally used the ESCALC function from metafor here, however a recent 
# update has meant that sample sizes (n) or less than one create an error.
# As our sample size is partitioned to account for non-independence, we have
# had to write the orignal version of escalc manually. 
# We have retained the original escalc in the comments in case that is of interest.

# Escalc funtion: 
# meta <-  escalc(
#           m1i = meta$MeanTreatment,
#           sd1i = meta$SDTreatment,
#           n1i = meta$reducedn2i_treatment,  
#           m2i = meta$MeanControl,
#           sd2i = meta$SDControl,
#           n2i = meta$reducedn1i_control,  
#           measure = "ROM",
#           append = TRUE,
#           data = meta
#         )

lnRR <- function(CMean, CSD, CN, EMean, ESD, EN){
yi<-log( EMean / CMean)
vi <- CSD^2 / (CN * CMean^2) + ESD^2 / (EN * EMean^2)
print(data.frame(yi,vi))
}

meta.lnRR <- lnRR(
  CMean = meta$MeanControl,
  CSD = meta$SDControl,
  CN = meta$reducedn1i_control,
  EMean = meta$MeanTreatment,
  ESD = meta$SDTreatment,
  EN = meta$reducedn2i_treatment)

meta<- cbind(meta, meta.lnRR)

#This is just a test of the vcv functionality. 
# The vcv is calculated for each model or group at the modelling stage. 
# changed to study as the cluster parameter to be more conservative and 
# account for the double non-independence. 
V <-
  impute_covariance_matrix(
    vi = meta$vi,
    cluster = meta$Study,
    r = 0.5,
    return_list = F
  )

#can test that the diagonal of the matrix matches the "Vi"
#this in NB in case the clustering variable is out of order in the main dataset.
# see : https://www.jepusto.com/imputing-covariance-matrices-for-multi-variate-meta-analysis/

# all.equal(meta$vi, diag(V))  #true


# concatenating for Habitat formers
meta_All_Hab <- meta %>%
  filter(Habitat.Forming...Y.N. == "Y") %>%
  unite("G_T", c(Group, Treatment), sep = "_", remove = F)
meta_All_Hab$G_T <- as.factor(meta_All_Hab$G_T)
#G_C
meta_All_Hab <- meta_All_Hab %>%
  filter(Habitat.Forming...Y.N. == "Y") %>%
  unite("G_C", c(Group, Control), sep = "_", remove = F)
meta_All_Hab$G_C <- as.factor(meta_All_Hab$G_C)

# # Using meta_CD_Hab - as this is the one that needs to be used for the models
# meta_CD_Hab <- meta %>%
#   filter(Habitat.Forming...Y.N. == "Y") %>%
#   unite("G_T", c(Group, Treatment), sep = "_", remove = F)
# meta_CD_Hab$G_T <- as.factor(meta_CD_Hab$G_T)
# #G_C
# meta_CD_Hab <- meta_CD_Hab %>%
#   filter(Habitat.Forming...Y.N. == "Y") %>%
#   unite("G_C", c(Group, Control), sep = "_", remove = F)
# meta_CD_Hab$G_C <- as.factor(meta_CD_Hab$G_C)

3.1 Save META

If running script stepwise and editing, this is a potential break/restart point Uncomment if needed.

write.csv(meta, file = "./outputs/natural/meta.csv")
saveRDS(meta, file = "./outputs/natural/meta.rds" )
# rm(meta)
rm(Dur_all,Dur_splt,i,V)

# if starting from here: 
# #import data as R data object (retaining factors etc) 
# meta<-readRDS("./outputs/natural/meta.rds")

4 SUBSETTING THE DATA

Before we apply the models to the data we need to split the data into various categories which we have hypothese about.

A subset of data is selected and named each time for the modelling section.

4.1 Main groups “All parameters”

All These are the general groupings, all the data and then separated by measurement parameter.

# 0 - 1 -  All groups and all measurement types
meta_All <- meta
# meta <- meta_All - when re-loading saved models
# 0 - 1a -  selecting the habitat former data (already done earlier)
# meta_All_Hab <- meta %>%
#         filter(Habitat.Forming...Y.N.=="Y")

# # # 0 - 2 - All measurement types, and Sessile (sessile organisms only, but 
# # algae/inverts not defined), overall effect
# meta_All_Ses <- meta %>%
#         filter(Function=="Sessile")
# # 0 - 3 - All measurement parameters and Algae
# meta_All_Algae <- meta %>%
#   filter(Function == "Algae")
# # 0 - 4 - All measurement types and sessile inverts
# meta_All_Invert <- meta %>%
#   filter(Function == "Invert")
# 
# # 0 - 4 - All measurement types, and Benthic (no distinction between Sessile &
# #Mobile (not repeated just combined) overall effect
# meta_All_Benthic<- meta %>%
#         filter(Function=="Benthic")
# 
# # 0 - 5 - All measurement types, and Fish 
# # overall effect
# meta_All_Fish<- meta %>%
#         filter(Function=="Fish")

4.2 Richness

Groupings that need to be considered:

  • Species richness and sessile organisms and fish and All (all listed: incld mobile, benthic).
  • left out mobile, benthic, invert and algae as there was insufficient data for these. 2 studies or less.
  • Habitat forming is per species so was not measured using Richness.
# 1 - 1  - All groups
meta_R_All <- meta %>%
        filter(Parameter=="Richness")
# number of studies and data points: 
R_datapoints <- length(meta_R_All$Effect_ID)   # 88
R_studies <- length(unique(meta_R_All$Study))  # 10

# # 1 - 2 - Sessile species only
# meta_R_Ses <- meta %>%
#         filter(Parameter=="Richness" & Function=="Sessile")
# 
# # 1 - 3 - Fish species only
# meta_R_Fish <- meta %>%
#         filter(Parameter=="Richness" & Function=="Fish")

4.3 % Cover

Groupings that need to be considered:

  • % Cover and All (including sessile and mobile (1 study)) and sessile organisms
  • left out benthic as a separate category, as there was only 1 study.
  • left out fish as there was no cover data for fish (obvs!).
# 2 - 1 - All groups 
meta_C_All <- meta %>%
  filter(Parameter == "Cover")

# # 2 - 2 - Sessile species only
# meta_C_Ses <- meta %>%
#   filter(Parameter == "Cover" & Function == "Sessile")
# 
# 2 - 3 - Habitat formers
meta_C_Hab <- meta_All_Hab %>%
  filter(Parameter == "Cover")
# 
# # 2 - 4 - Algal species only
# meta_C_Algae <- meta %>%
#   filter(Parameter == "Cover" & Function == "Algae")
# 
# # 2 - 5 - Invert species only
# meta_C_Invert <- meta %>%
#   filter(Parameter == "Cover" & Function == "Invert")

4.4 Biomass

We have excluded Biomass data as we only had data from two studies, and the type of measure is difficult to compare directly with cover, density and richness.

4.5 Density

There are a quite a few datapoints to use here. Groupings that need to be considered:

  • Density
    • and All (including mobile (only 3 datapoints, 2 studies), and benthic 1 datapoint only)
    • and Fish (8 datapoints, 4 studies)
    • and Benthic (12 data points, 3 studies)
    • and Inverts (220 data points, 19 studies )
  • Left out Algae (too few studies and datapoints) and sessile (zero data points)
# 3 - 1  - All groups
meta_D_All <- meta %>%
        filter(Parameter=="Density")

# # # 3 - 2 - Sessile species only
# # meta_D_Ses <- meta %>%
# #         filter(Parameter=="Density" & Function=="Sessile")
# 
# # 3 - 3 - Fish species only
# meta_D_Fish <- meta %>%
#         filter(Parameter=="Density" & Function=="Fish")
# 
# 3 - 4 - Habitat formers only
meta_D_Hab <- meta_All_Hab %>%
  filter(Parameter == "Density")
# 
# # 3 - 5 - Benthic species only
# meta_D_Benthic <- meta %>%
#   filter(Parameter == "Density" & 
#            Function == "Benthic")
# 
# # 3 - 6 - Invertebrate species only
# meta_D_Invert <- meta %>%
#   filter(Parameter == "Density" & Function == "Invert")

4.6 Growth

4 studies, 8 datapoints - Have left this out.

4.7 Cover and Density

We expect Cover and Density to show similar results, as they are measures of abundance in a space limited environment. An organism that does well on one substrate is likely to be able to do pretty well on others too. However richness/diversity would be more sensitive to community level differences.

Groupings that can be considered:

  • Density&Cover
    • and All (including mobile (only 3 datapoints, 2 studies), and benthic 1 datapoint only)
    • and Algae (193 datapoints, 8 Studies)
    • and Invert (446 datapoints, 25 studies )
    • and Fish (9 datapoints, 4 studies)
    • and Benthic (12 data points, 3 studies)
    • and Sessile (50 datapoints, 4 studies )

Previously included Biomass - but taking it out as it is a very different measurement from counting space/individuals.

# 3 - 1  - All groups  
meta_CD_All <- meta %>%
        filter(Parameter %in% c("Cover", "Density"))
# number of studies and data points: 
CD_datapoints <- length(meta_CD_All$Effect_ID)   # 725
CD_studies <- length(unique(meta_CD_All$Study))  #32

# 
# # # 3 - 2 - Sessile species only
# meta_CD_Ses <- meta %>%
#         filter(Parameter %in% c("Cover", "Density") & Function=="Sessile")
# 
# # 3 - 3 - Invert species only
# meta_CD_Invert <- meta %>%
#   filter(Parameter %in% c("Cover", "Density") & Function == "Invert")
# 
# # 3 - 4 - Algal species only
# meta_CD_Algae <- meta %>%
#   filter(Parameter %in% c("Cover", "Density")& Function == "Algae")
# 
# # 3 - 5 - Fish species only
# meta_CD_Fish <- meta %>%
#         filter(Parameter %in% c("Cover", "Density") & Function=="Fish")
# 
# 3 - 6 - Habitat formers only
meta_CD_Hab <- meta_All_Hab %>%
  filter(Parameter %in% c("Cover", "Density"))
# 
# # 3 - 5 - Benthic species only
# meta_CD_Benthic <- meta %>%
#   filter(Parameter %in% c("Cover", "Density") & Function == "Benthic")

4.8 F_T Models need to drop levels

For later in the code, these levels with less than 3 data points need to be dropped. Once that has happened, the data frames also need to get an associated VCV matrix, which is why they are calculated here.

Adding the grouping x_metal to allow for reverse clustering in the plotting later in the code. ie to have the levels grouped by artificial material rather than by natural material / functional group for the interaction model plots.

# before running the F_T models we need to check the representation of the sub levels
# of each interaction term.
# Remove terms that have less than 3 data points. 

table(meta_CD_All$F_T)
table(meta_R_All$F_T)

# meta_CD_ALL - remove
meta_CD_F_T <-  meta_CD_All %>%
  filter(!F_T %in% c("Benthic_Concrete" , "Fish_Metal", "Fish_Polymer", 
                     "Sessile_Metal")) 
meta_CD_F_T$F_T <- droplevels(meta_CD_F_T$F_T)
table(meta_CD_F_T$F_T)

#meta_CD_F_T_metals - changing factor levels (ordering by artificial material)
meta_CD_F_T_metal <-meta_CD_F_T
meta_CD_F_T_metal$F_T <-
  factor(
    meta_CD_F_T_metal$F_T,
    levels = c(
      "Algae_Clay",
      "Benthic_Clay",
      "Invert_Clay",
      "Sessile_Clay",
      "Algae_Concrete",
      "Fish_Concrete",
      "Invert_Concrete",
      "Sessile_Concrete",
      "Algae_Metal",
      "Invert_Metal",
      "Algae_Polymer",
      "Benthic_Polymer",
      "Invert_Polymer",
      "Sessile_Polymer"
    )
  )

# meta_R_All - remove
meta_R_F_T <-  meta_R_All %>%
  filter(!F_T %in% c("Algae_Clay" , "Algae_Metal", "Algae_Polymer", 
                     "Benthic_Clay", "Invert_Clay", "Invert_Metal", 
                     "Invert_Polymer")) 
meta_R_F_T$F_T <- droplevels(meta_R_F_T$F_T)
table(meta_R_F_T$F_T)

#checking how many studies are in each level:
# for each level of F_T count unique Study

F_T_levels<-levels(meta_CD_F_T$F_T)
F_T_Study<- map(F_T_levels, ~length(unique(meta_CD_F_T$Study[meta_CD_F_T$F_T ==.])))

F_T_levels_R <- levels(meta_R_F_T$F_T)
F_T_Study_R <- map(F_T_levels_R, ~length(unique(meta_R_F_T$Study[meta_CD_F_T$F_T ==.])))

F_T_levels_metals <- levels(meta_CD_F_T_metal$F_T)
F_T_Study_metals <- map(F_T_levels_metals, ~length(unique(meta_CD_F_T_metal$Study[meta_CD_F_T_metal$F_T ==.])))

4.9 C_T Models need to drop levels

For later in the code, these levels with less than 3 data points need to be dropped. Once that has happened, the data frames also need to get an associated VCV matrix, which is why they are calculated here.

# before running the F_T models we need to check the representation of the sub levels
# of each interaction term.
# Remove terms that have less than 3 data points. 

table(meta_CD_All$C_T)
table(meta_R_All$C_T)

# meta_CD_ALL - remove nothing

# meta_R_All - remove all biogenic
meta_R_C_T <-  meta_R_All %>%
  filter(!C_T %in% c("Biogenic_Clay" , "Biogenic_Metal", "Biogenic_Polymer", 
                     "Biogenic_Concrete")) 
meta_R_C_T$C_T <- droplevels(meta_R_C_T$C_T)
table(meta_R_C_T$C_T)

#checking how many studies are in each level:
# for each level of C_T count unique Study

C_T_levels<-levels(meta_CD_All$C_T)
C_T_Study<- map(C_T_levels, ~length(unique(meta_CD_All$Study[meta_CD_All$C_T ==.])))

C_T_levels_R<-levels(meta_R_C_T$C_T)
C_T_Study_R<- map(C_T_levels_R, ~length(unique(meta_R_C_T$Study[meta_R_C_T$C_T ==.])))

4.10 F_C Models need to drop levels

For later in the code, these levels with less than 3 data points need to be dropped. Once that has happened, the data frames also need to get an associated VCV matrix, which is why they are calculated here.

# before running the F_C models we need to check the representation of the sub levels
# of each interaction term.
# Remove terms that have less than 3 data points. 

table(meta_CD_All$F_C)
table(meta_R_All$F_C) # too few, would have to drop 50%

# meta_CD_ALL - Drop 5 levels of 14 = 36%

# meta_R_All - remove all biogenic
meta_CD_F_C <-  meta_CD_All %>%
  filter(!F_C %in% c("Algae_Biogenic" , "Benthic_Biogenic", "Benthic_Rock", 
                     "Fish_Biogenic", "Fish_Wood")) 
meta_CD_F_C$F_C <- droplevels(meta_CD_F_C$F_C)
table(meta_CD_F_C$F_C)

#meta_CD_F_C_metals - changing factor levels 
meta_CD_F_C_metal <-meta_CD_F_C
meta_CD_F_C_metal$F_C <-
  factor(
    meta_CD_F_C_metal$F_C,
    levels = c(
      "Algae_Rock",
      "Fish_Rock",
      "Invert_Rock",
      "Sessile_Rock",
      "Algae_Wood",
      "Benthic_Wood",
      "Invert_Wood",
      "Sessile_Wood",
      "Invert_Biogenic"
    )
  )

#checking how many studies are in each level:
# for each level of F_C count unique Study

F_C_levels<-levels(meta_CD_F_C$F_C)
F_C_Study<- map(F_C_levels, ~length(unique(meta_CD_F_C$Study[meta_CD_F_C$F_C ==.])))

F_C_levels_R<-levels(meta_R_All$F_C)
F_C_Study_R<- map(F_C_levels_R, ~length(unique(meta_R_All$Study[meta_R_All$C_T ==.])))

F_C_levels_metal<-levels(meta_CD_F_C_metal$F_C)
F_C_Study_metal<- map(F_C_levels_metal, ~length(unique(meta_CD_F_C_metal$Study[meta_CD_F_C_metal$F_C ==.])))

4.11 Habitat-Former need to drop levlels

As with the above sections, dropping poorly represented interaction combinations from the dataset - those that have <3 experiments in their group are removed.

#################################
# G_T model prep
#################################
# before running the G_T models we need to check the representation of the sub levels of each interaction term. Remove terms that have less than 3 data points. 
table(meta_All_Hab$G_T)
table(meta_CD_Hab$G_T)  # same as meta_All_Hab

# meta_All_Hab - remove
meta_All_Hab_G_T <-  meta_All_Hab %>%
  filter(!G_T %in% c("Tube_forming_Metal" , "Tube_forming_Polymer", "Corals_Metal")) 
meta_All_Hab_G_T$G_T <- droplevels(meta_All_Hab_G_T$G_T)
table(meta_All_Hab_G_T$G_T)
# meta_CD_hab remove
meta_CD_Hab_G_T <-  meta_CD_Hab %>%
  filter(!G_T %in% c("Tube_forming_Metal" , "Tube_forming_Polymer", "Corals_Metal")) 
meta_CD_Hab_G_T$G_T <- droplevels(meta_CD_Hab_G_T$G_T)
table(meta_CD_Hab_G_T$G_T)

#meta_All_Hab_G_T_metals - changing factor levels 
meta_All_Hab_G_T_metal <-meta_All_Hab_G_T
meta_All_Hab_G_T_metal$G_T <-
  factor(
    meta_All_Hab_G_T_metal$G_T,
    levels = c(
      "Barnacles_Clay",
      "Bivalves_Clay" ,
      "Corals_Clay" ,
      "Coralline_Algae_Clay",
      "Barnacles_Concrete",
      "Bivalves_Concrete",
      "Canopy_Algae_Concrete",
      "Corals_Concrete",
      "Coralline_Algae_Concrete",
      "Tube_forming_Concrete" ,
      "Barnacles_Metal",
      "Bivalves_Metal",
      "Barnacles_Polymer",
      "Bivalves_Polymer",
      "Corals_Polymer" ,
      "Coralline_Algae_Polymer"
    )
  )

# need study numbers for plotting: 
G_T_levels<-levels(meta_All_Hab_G_T$G_T)
G_T_Study<- map(G_T_levels, ~length(unique(meta_All_Hab_G_T$Study[meta_All_Hab_G_T$G_T ==.])))

G_T_levels_metal<-levels(meta_All_Hab_G_T_metal$G_T)
G_T_Study_metal<- map(G_T_levels_metal, ~length(unique(meta_All_Hab_G_T_metal$Study[meta_All_Hab_G_T_metal$G_T ==.])))
########################################################

#meta_CD_Hab_G_T_metals - changing factor levels 
meta_CD_Hab_G_T_metal <-meta_CD_Hab_G_T
meta_CD_Hab_G_T_metal$G_T <-
  factor(
    meta_CD_Hab_G_T_metal$G_T,
    levels = c(
      "Barnacles_Clay",
      "Bivalves_Clay" ,
      "Corals_Clay" ,
      "Coralline_Algae_Clay",
      "Barnacles_Concrete",
      "Bivalves_Concrete",
      "Canopy_Algae_Concrete",
      "Corals_Concrete",
      "Coralline_Algae_Concrete",
      "Tube_forming_Concrete" ,
      "Barnacles_Metal",
      "Bivalves_Metal",
      "Barnacles_Polymer",
      "Bivalves_Polymer",
      "Corals_Polymer" ,
      "Coralline_Algae_Polymer"
    )
  )

# need study numbers for plotting: 
G_T_levels_CD<-levels(meta_CD_Hab_G_T$G_T)
G_T_Study_CD<- map(G_T_levels_CD, ~length(unique(meta_CD_Hab_G_T$Study[meta_CD_Hab_G_T$G_T ==.])))

G_T_levels_metal_CD<-levels(meta_CD_Hab_G_T_metal$G_T)
G_T_Study_metal_CD<- map(G_T_levels_metal_CD, ~length(unique(meta_CD_Hab_G_T_metal$Study[meta_CD_Hab_G_T_metal$G_T ==.])))


################################
# G_C model prep
#################################
# before running the G_C models we need to check the representation of the sub levels of each interaction term. Remove terms that have less than 3 data points. 
table(meta_All_Hab$G_C)
table(meta_CD_Hab$G_C)  # Same as meta_All_Hab
# meta_All_Hab - remove
meta_All_Hab_G_C <-  meta_All_Hab %>%
  filter(!G_C %in% c("Barnacles_Biogenic" , "Coralline_Algae_Biogenic", "Tube_forming_Biogenic")) 
meta_All_Hab_G_C$G_C <- droplevels(meta_All_Hab_G_C$G_C)
table(meta_All_Hab_G_C$G_C)

# meta_CD_Hab - remove
meta_CD_Hab_G_C <-  meta_CD_Hab %>%
  filter(!G_C %in% c("Barnacles_Biogenic" , "Coralline_Algae_Biogenic", "Tube_forming_Biogenic")) 
meta_CD_Hab_G_C$G_C <- droplevels(meta_CD_Hab_G_C$G_C)
table(meta_CD_Hab_G_C$G_C)

#meta_All_Hab_G_C_metals - changing factor levels 
meta_All_Hab_G_C_metal <-meta_All_Hab_G_C
meta_All_Hab_G_C_metal$G_C <-
  factor(
    meta_All_Hab_G_C_metal$G_C,
    levels = c(
      "Barnacles_Rock" ,
      "Bivalves_Rock" ,
      "Canopy_Algae_Rock",
      "Corals_Rock",
      "Coralline_Algae_Rock",
      "Tube_forming_Rock",
      "Barnacles_Wood",
      "Bivalves_Wood",
      "Tube_forming_Wood",
      "Bivalves_Biogenic" ,
      "Corals_Biogenic"
    )
  )

# need study numbers for plotting: 
G_C_levels<-levels(meta_All_Hab_G_C$G_C)
G_C_Study<- map(G_C_levels, ~length(unique(meta_All_Hab_G_C$Study[meta_All_Hab_G_C$G_C ==.])))

G_C_levels_metal<-levels(meta_All_Hab_G_C_metal$G_C)
G_C_Study_metal<- map(G_C_levels_metal, ~length(unique(meta_All_Hab_G_C_metal$Study[meta_All_Hab_G_C_metal$G_C ==.])))
######################################################

#meta_CD_Hab_G_C_metals - changing factor levels 
meta_CD_Hab_G_C_metal <-meta_CD_Hab_G_C
meta_CD_Hab_G_C_metal$G_C <-
  factor(
    meta_CD_Hab_G_C_metal$G_C,
    levels = c(
      "Barnacles_Rock" ,
      "Bivalves_Rock" ,
      "Canopy_Algae_Rock",
      "Corals_Rock",
      "CorCDine_Algae_Rock",
      "Tube_forming_Rock",
      "Barnacles_Wood",
      "Bivalves_Wood",
      "Tube_forming_Wood",
      "Bivalves_Biogenic" ,
      "Corals_Biogenic"
    )
  )

# need study numbers for plotting: 
G_C_levels_CD<-levels(meta_CD_Hab_G_C$G_C)
G_C_Study_CD<- map(G_C_levels_CD, ~length(unique(meta_CD_Hab_G_C$Study[meta_CD_Hab_G_C$G_C ==.])))

G_C_levels_metal_CD<-levels(meta_CD_Hab_G_C_metal$G_C)
G_C_Study_metal_CD<- map(G_C_levels_metal_CD, ~length(unique(meta_CD_Hab_G_C_metal$Study[meta_CD_Hab_G_C_metal$G_C ==.])))

###############################################
# Control_Treatment for Habs prep
#############################################
# before running the C_T Hab models we need to check the representation of the sub levels of each interaction term. Remove terms that have less than 3 data points. 
table(meta_All_Hab$C_T) # Nothing needs to drop
table(meta_CD_Hab$C_T)  # Nothing needs to drop

# need study numbers for plotting: 
C_T_levels<-levels(meta_All_Hab$C_T)
C_T_Study<- map(C_T_levels, ~length(unique(meta_All_Hab$Study[meta_All_Hab$C_T ==.])))
# need study numbers for plotting: 
C_T_levels_CD<-levels(meta_CD_Hab$C_T)
C_T_Study_CD<- map(C_T_levels_CD, ~length(unique(meta_CD_Hab$Study[meta_CD_Hab$C_T ==.])))

5 DATA_LIST

Generate list of datasets that will be called in later models.

data_list <- list(meta_All = meta_All, 
                  meta_All_Hab = meta_All_Hab,
                  meta_C_All = meta_C_All,
                  meta_CD_All = meta_CD_All,
                  meta_CD_Hab = meta_CD_Hab,
                  meta_D_All = meta_D_All, 
                  meta_R_All = meta_R_All)

data_list_interactions <- list(meta_All = meta_All, 
                  meta_All_Hab = meta_All_Hab,
                  meta_C_All = meta_C_All,
                  meta_CD_All = meta_CD_All,
                  meta_CD_Hab = meta_CD_Hab,
                  meta_D_All = meta_D_All, 
                  meta_R_All = meta_R_All, 
                  meta_R_C_T = meta_R_C_T,
                  meta_CD_F_T = meta_CD_F_T,
                  meta_R_F_T = meta_R_F_T,
                  meta_CD_F_T_metal = meta_CD_F_T_metal,
                  meta_CD_F_C = meta_CD_F_C,
                  meta_CD_F_C_metal = meta_CD_F_C_metal,
                  meta_All_Hab_G_T = meta_All_Hab_G_T,
                  meta_CD_Hab_G_T = meta_CD_Hab_G_T,
                  meta_CD_Hab_G_T_metal = meta_CD_Hab_G_T_metal,
                  meta_All_Hab_G_C = meta_All_Hab_G_C,
                  meta_CD_Hab_G_C = meta_CD_Hab_G_C,
                  meta_CD_Hab_G_C_metal = meta_CD_Hab_G_C_metal)

6 VCV matrices

Constructing the VCV matrices all at once and then using them in the models below, rather than making them during the modelling step.

# #vcv matrix:
# it <- seq_len(length(data_list))
# vcv_matrices_a <- lapply(
#   it,
#   FUN = function(x) {
#     vcv <- impute_covariance_matrix(
#       vi = data_list[[x]]$vi,
#       cluster = data_list[[x]]$Study,
#       r = 0.5,
#       return_list = F
#     )
#     
#     return(vcv)
#   }
# ) 
# # naming the 33 list elements
# names(vcv_matrices) <- names(data_list)

# # Could not get this to work when knitting the markdown doc! SO have replaced it
# # with the above function instead.
# # When using the script as is - this works fine. 
vcv_matrices <-
  purrr::map(
    data_list,
    ~ clubSandwich::impute_covariance_matrix(
      vi = (.$vi),
      cluster = (.$Study),
      r = 0.5,
      return_list = F
    )
  )

vcv_matrices_interactions <-
  purrr::map(
    data_list_interactions,
    ~ clubSandwich::impute_covariance_matrix(
      vi = (.$vi),
      cluster = (.$Study),
      r = 0.5,
      return_list = F
    )
  )

# using the return_list = F option is not recommended when the elements aren't
# ordered... which could cause issues, there's a check to see that they are correct.

# all.equal(meta_CD_All$vi, diag(vcv_matrices$meta_CD_All))  # can repeat on others. 

7 MODELS

Now we add the models in a stepwise fashion

The overarching method followed is:

  1. Run the most simple version of the model. Without moderators (but with random effects) Check the heterogeneity: a significant amount of heterogeneity means that although you may have a main trend in your effect size, there is STILL a lot of unexplained variability in the effect size . Heterogeneity is generally caused by the different ways in which studies are undertaken. There is a rule of thumb to use a as a threshold for when to continue/stop (>60% is moderator, >70% is high).
  2. Add moderators to your model - do this one by one and in each case you can check the effect on the heterogeneity. Showing that the variability of the main effect was moderated by.. The moderators could be useful predictors of the variability in the effect of natural vs artificial substrates on the diversity/growth/cover..
  3. Finally add all moderators and random effects into one model and the amount of heterogeneity remaining should NOT be significant. This also serves to check the robustness of the moderators.

7.1 SIMPLE MODEL - all parameters

Steps:

  • simple model, then add treatment, then control, then durations all separately
  • in each case calculate the I2, then the R2 (model fit).
  • Then plot an orchard plot - precision shown by size of ‘fruit’.
  • Then plot a caterpillar plot - mean effect size plus CIs for each study
  • Both plots have 95% confidence intervals that support the mean effect size, as well as prediction intervals which predict the range of effects that may be observed.

Setting dpi value for plots (lower number to speed up script)

plot_dpi <- 300
#suggestions: 320 - retina, 300 - print, 72 - screen

All data sets and vcv matrices included in the models:

names(data_list)
## [1] "meta_All"     "meta_All_Hab" "meta_C_All"   "meta_CD_All"  "meta_CD_Hab" 
## [6] "meta_D_All"   "meta_R_All"
names(vcv_matrices)
## [1] "meta_All"     "meta_All_Hab" "meta_C_All"   "meta_CD_All"  "meta_CD_Hab" 
## [6] "meta_D_All"   "meta_R_All"

Results of simple models (no moderators)

# simple model - with vcv step included:
simp_mods <- map2(data_list,
                  vcv_matrices,
                  ~ rma.mv(
                    yi = yi,
                    V = .y,
                    data = .x,
                    random = list( ~ 1 | Study,
                                   ~ 1 | Exp_ID,
                                   ~ 1 | Effect_ID),
                    method = "REML",
                    control=list(optimizer="optim")
                  )) # for map2 - the first two arguments are the .x and
#.y respectively. 

simp_mods_test <- rma.mv(
  yi = yi,
  V = vcv_matrices$meta_All,
  data = meta_All,
  random = list(~ 1 | Study,
                ~ 1 | Exp_ID,
                ~ 1 | Effect_ID),
  method = "REML",
  control = list(optimizer = "optim")
  )

#to check that the Vs are actually correct: 
# all.equal(meta_All$vi, diag(simp_mods$meta_All$V))   #TRUE! :) 


#creating summary table of model results. 
#including I2 and R2
it <- seq_len(length(simp_mods))
res_2 <- lapply(
  it,
  FUN = function(x) {
    sum <- summary(simp_mods[[x]])
    sum_I2 <- i2_ml(simp_mods[[x]], method = "ns") #now that there are multiple random effects its multi level
    sum_R2 <- r2_ml(simp_mods[[x]])
    res <- data.frame(
      name = names(data_list[x]),
      effectname = attr(sum$beta, "dimnames")[[1]],
      beta = as.numeric(sum$beta),
      #  add in the percentage increase/decrease
      # this is ON artificial (treatment) materials only
      percentage_increase_or_decrease_on_Artificial = (exp(sum$beta)-1)*100,
      real.effect.value_exp_beta = exp(sum$beta),
      pval = sum$pval,
      ci.lb = sum$ci.lb,
      ci.ub = sum$ci.ub,
      I2_total = sum_I2[[1]] * 100,
      I2_study = sum_I2[[2]] * 100,
      I2_Exp_ID = sum_I2[[3]] * 100,   
      I2_Effect_ID = sum_I2[[4]] * 100,
      R2_marginal_fixed = sum_R2[[1]] * 100,
      R2_conditional_fixed_random = sum_R2[[2]] * 100,
      AIC = simp_mods[[x]]$fit.stats$REML[3],
      row.names = NULL
    )
    return(res)
    
  }
)
res_2_df <- bind_rows(res_2)
write.csv(res_2_df, file = "./outputs/natural/summ_Simp_random.csv")

# show as kable table: 
res_2_df %>%
  kable("html", digits = 3) %>%
  kable_styling("striped", position = "left") %>%
  scroll_box(width = "100%",
             height = "100%")
name effectname beta percentage_increase_or_decrease_on_Artificial real.effect.value_exp_beta pval ci.lb ci.ub I2_total I2_study I2_Exp_ID I2_Effect_ID R2_marginal_fixed R2_conditional_fixed_random AIC
meta_All intrcpt -0.064 -6.235 0.938 0.307 -0.188 0.059 98.773 16.764 0.000 82.009 0 16.973 1860.522
meta_All_Hab intrcpt -0.031 -3.064 0.969 0.823 -0.304 0.242 99.604 39.879 0.340 59.385 0 40.378 788.790
meta_C_All intrcpt 0.000 0.050 1.001 0.992 -0.103 0.104 92.244 2.107 1.260 88.877 0 3.650 1088.050
meta_CD_All intrcpt -0.071 -6.820 0.932 0.307 -0.206 0.065 99.027 15.921 0.000 83.107 0 16.077 1741.765
meta_CD_Hab intrcpt -0.031 -3.064 0.969 0.823 -0.304 0.242 99.604 39.879 0.340 59.385 0 40.378 788.790
meta_D_All intrcpt -0.195 -17.683 0.823 0.162 -0.467 0.078 99.754 24.826 5.285 69.643 0 30.185 624.297
meta_R_All intrcpt -0.017 -1.684 0.983 0.759 -0.126 0.092 66.757 0.002 32.419 34.336 0 48.566 64.164
# expecting R2_marginal to be zero as there are no moderators
#so no fixed factors to investigate. 

#plots 
model_summ <- simp_mods 
simp_orchs <- model_summ %>%
        map(~orchard_plot(., mod = "Int", xlab = "Ratio of means")) 
simp_cats <- model_summ %>%
        map(~caterpillars(., mod = "Int", xlab = "Ratio of means"))   

# #saving plots
plotnames <- paste0("./outputs/natural/simp_orch_", names(simp_orchs), ".tiff")
walk2(plotnames, simp_orchs, ~ggsave(filename = .x, plot = .y, dpi = plot_dpi, width = 8, height = 8))

#separate ones - cats
plotnames <- paste0("./outputs/natural/simp_cat_", names(simp_cats), ".tiff")
walk2(plotnames, simp_cats, ~ggsave(filename = .x, plot = .y, dpi = plot_dpi, width = 10))

#Simple model plots for publishing. (ADD this info to the above rather)
aa <- simp_orchs$meta_CD_All +
  scale_y_discrete(labels = c("Intrcpt" = "Overall")) +
  theme(
    text = element_text(size = 20, colour = "black"),
    axis.text.y = element_text(size = 20, colour = "black")
  ) +
  theme(
    legend.direction = "horizontal",
    legend.title = element_text(size = 20, colour = "black"),
    legend.text = element_text(size = 20, colour = "black")
  )
ggsave(
  aa,
  filename = "./outputs/natural/simp_orch_meta_CD_All.tiff",
  dpi = plot_dpi,
  width = 8,
  height = 8
)
ggsave(
  aa,
  filename = "./outputs/natural/simp_orch_meta_CD_All.pdf",
  dpi = plot_dpi,
  width = 8,
  height = 8
)

bb <- simp_orchs$meta_R_All +
  scale_y_discrete(labels = c("Intrcpt" = "Overall")) +
  theme(
    text = element_text(size = 20, colour = "black"),
    axis.text.y = element_text(size = 20, colour = "black")
  ) +
  theme(
    legend.direction = "horizontal",
    legend.title = element_text(size = 20, colour = "black"),
    legend.text = element_text(size = 20, colour = "black")
  )
ggsave(
  bb,
  filename = "./outputs/natural/simp_orch_meta_R_All.tiff",
  dpi = plot_dpi,
  width = 8,
  height = 8
)
ggsave(
  bb,
  filename = "./outputs/natural/simp_orch_meta_R_All.pdf",
  dpi = plot_dpi,
  width = 8,
  height = 8
)

cc <- simp_orchs$meta_CD_Hab +
  scale_y_discrete(labels = c("Intrcpt" = "Overall")) +
  theme(
    text = element_text(size = 20, colour = "black"),
    axis.text.y = element_text(size = 20, colour = "black")
  ) +
  theme(
    legend.direction = "horizontal",
    legend.title = element_text(size = 20, colour = "black"),
    legend.text = element_text(size = 20, colour = "black")
  )
ggsave(
  cc,
  filename = "./outputs/natural/simp_orch_meta_CD_Hab.tiff",
  dpi = plot_dpi,
  width = 8,
  height = 8
)
ggsave(
  cc,
  filename = "./outputs/natural/simp_orch_meta_CD_Hab.pdf",
  dpi = plot_dpi,
  width = 8,
  height = 8
)

7.2 Adding group - FUNCTION

Checking if simple model shows variability in effect size with functional group (ie Sessile, benthic or fish).

It is one of our hypotheses that effect sizes will be greater in sessile, and lower in higher trophic level groups.

#removing Hab formers as these will be dealt with separately later, to allow
# inclusion of phylogenetic info. 
data_list_no_hab <- list(meta_All = meta_All, 
                        meta_All_Hab = meta_All_Hab,
                        meta_C_All = meta_C_All,
                        meta_CD_All = meta_CD_All,
                        meta_CD_Hab = meta_CD_Hab,
                        meta_D_All = meta_D_All, 
                        meta_R_All = meta_R_All)

vcv_matrices_no_hab<-vcv_matrices[names(data_list_no_hab)]

#checking distribution of datapoints per functional group. 
table(meta$Function)

#checking the spread of data in "function" for each model:
it <- seq_len(length(data_list))
tbl_1 <- lapply(
  it,
  FUN = function(x) {
    tbl <- table(data_list[[x]]$Function)
    res <- data.frame(
      name = names(data_list[x]),
      Algae = tbl[1],
      Benthic = tbl[2],
      Fish = tbl[3],
      Invert = tbl[4],
      Sessile = tbl[5],
      row.names = NULL
    )
    return(res)
  }
) 
regresdf_func_tbl <- bind_rows(tbl_1)
(regresdf_func_tbl)
write.csv(regresdf_func_tbl, file = "./outputs/natural/function_detail_distribution.csv")

# Function models 
models_func <- map2(data_list_no_hab,
                       vcv_matrices_no_hab,
                       ~ rma.mv(
                         yi = yi,
                         V = .y,
                         data = .x,
                         mods = ~Function -1,  #removing intercept to see levels
                         random = list(~ 1 |Study, 
                                       ~ 1 |Exp_ID,
                                       ~ 1 |Effect_ID),
                         method = "REML",
                         control=list(optimizer="optim")
                       ))


it <- seq_len(length(models_func))
regres <- lapply(it, FUN = function(x) {
        sum <- summary(models_func[[x]])
        sum_I2 <- i2_ml(models_func[[x]], method = "ns")
        sum_R2 <- r2_ml(models_func[[x]])
        res <- data.frame(name = names(models_func[x]),
                          effectname = attr(sum$beta, "dimnames")[[1]],
                          beta = as.numeric(sum$beta),
                          percentage_increase_or_decrease_on_Artificial = (exp(sum$beta)-1)*100,
                          real.effect.value_exp_beta = exp(sum$beta),
                          pval = sum$pval,
                          ci.lb = sum$ci.lb,
                          ci.ub = sum$ci.ub,
                          I2_total = sum_I2[[1]]*100,
                          I2_study = sum_I2[[2]]*100,
                          I2_Exp_ID = sum_I2[[3]]*100,
                          I2_Effect_ID = sum_I2[[4]] * 100,
                          R2_marginal_fixed = sum_R2[[1]]*100,
                          R2_conditional_fixed_random = sum_R2[[2]]*100,
                          Moderator_significance_stat = sum$QM,
                          Moderator_significance_pval = sum$QMp,
                          AIC = models_func[[x]]$fit.stats$REML[3],
                          row.names=NULL)
        return(res)
        
})
regresdf_func <- bind_rows(regres)
write.csv(regresdf_func, file = "./outputs/natural/summ_Function.csv")


#plots 
func_orchs <- models_func %>%
        map(~orchard_plot(., mod = "Function", xlab = "Ratio of means"))
plotnames <- paste0("./outputs/natural/func_orch_", names(func_orchs), ".tiff")
walk2(plotnames, func_orchs, ~ggsave(filename = .x, plot = .y, dpi = plot_dpi, width = 10))

# summary(models_func[[1]])
# summary(models_func[[2]])
# summary(models_func[[3]])
# summary(models_func[[4]])


#checking for significant contrasts between sub-levels
# only if there's at least one significant level (checking that theory.. as there
# are no significant levels for function)
# none significant
contrast_func_R_all <- 
  summary(glht(
  models_func$meta_R_All,
  linfct = c(
    "FunctionAlgae - FunctionBenthic = 0",
    "FunctionAlgae - FunctionFish = 0",
    "FunctionAlgae - FunctionInvert = 0",
    "FunctionAlgae - FunctionSessile = 0",
    "FunctionBenthic - FunctionFish = 0",
    "FunctionBenthic - FunctionInvert = 0",
    "FunctionBenthic - FunctionSessile = 0",
    "FunctionFish - FunctionSessile = 0",
    "FunctionFish - FunctionInvert = 0",
    "FunctionSessile - FunctionInvert = 0"
  )
))


#contrast_func_CD_all
#contrast_func_R_all

Summary of results:

regresdf_func %>%
  kable("html", digits = 3) %>%
  kable_styling("striped", position = "left") %>%
  scroll_box(width = "100%",
             height = "500px")
name effectname beta percentage_increase_or_decrease_on_Artificial real.effect.value_exp_beta pval ci.lb ci.ub I2_total I2_study I2_Exp_ID I2_Effect_ID R2_marginal_fixed R2_conditional_fixed_random Moderator_significance_stat Moderator_significance_pval AIC
meta_All FunctionAlgae 0.061 6.269 1.063 0.499 -0.116 0.237 98.789 18.170 0.000 80.618 1.508 19.624 7.361 0.195 1855.841
meta_All FunctionBenthic -0.312 -26.799 0.732 0.049 -0.623 -0.001 98.789 18.170 0.000 80.618 1.508 19.624 7.361 0.195 1855.841
meta_All FunctionFish -0.073 -7.030 0.930 0.674 -0.412 0.266 98.789 18.170 0.000 80.618 1.508 19.624 7.361 0.195 1855.841
meta_All FunctionInvert -0.061 -5.904 0.941 0.413 -0.206 0.085 98.789 18.170 0.000 80.618 1.508 19.624 7.361 0.195 1855.841
meta_All FunctionSessile -0.115 -10.856 0.891 0.256 -0.313 0.083 98.789 18.170 0.000 80.618 1.508 19.624 7.361 0.195 1855.841
meta_All_Hab FunctionAlgae 0.010 0.976 1.010 0.972 -0.527 0.546 99.624 43.076 0.174 56.374 0.120 43.481 0.078 0.962 786.924
meta_All_Hab FunctionInvert -0.047 -4.630 0.954 0.782 -0.383 0.288 99.624 43.076 0.174 56.374 0.120 43.481 0.078 0.962 786.924
meta_C_All FunctionAlgae 0.054 5.586 1.056 0.394 -0.071 0.179 92.253 1.174 1.404 89.674 1.911 4.653 3.287 0.511 1087.385
meta_C_All FunctionBenthic -0.138 -12.884 0.871 0.619 -0.681 0.406 92.253 1.174 1.404 89.674 1.911 4.653 3.287 0.511 1087.385
meta_C_All FunctionInvert -0.083 -7.990 0.920 0.245 -0.224 0.057 92.253 1.174 1.404 89.674 1.911 4.653 3.287 0.511 1087.385
meta_C_All FunctionSessile 0.018 1.776 1.018 0.873 -0.198 0.233 92.253 1.174 1.404 89.674 1.911 4.653 3.287 0.511 1087.385
meta_CD_All FunctionAlgae 0.056 5.733 1.057 0.579 -0.141 0.253 99.036 17.528 0.000 81.508 2.020 19.361 8.534 0.129 1735.890
meta_CD_All FunctionBenthic -0.546 -42.083 0.579 0.013 -0.977 -0.115 99.036 17.528 0.000 81.508 2.020 19.361 8.534 0.129 1735.890
meta_CD_All FunctionFish -0.210 -18.952 0.810 0.363 -0.663 0.243 99.036 17.528 0.000 81.508 2.020 19.361 8.534 0.129 1735.890
meta_CD_All FunctionInvert -0.086 -8.239 0.918 0.287 -0.244 0.072 99.036 17.528 0.000 81.508 2.020 19.361 8.534 0.129 1735.890
meta_CD_All FunctionSessile -0.062 -6.038 0.940 0.679 -0.357 0.232 99.036 17.528 0.000 81.508 2.020 19.361 8.534 0.129 1735.890
meta_CD_Hab FunctionAlgae 0.010 0.976 1.010 0.972 -0.527 0.546 99.624 43.076 0.174 56.374 0.120 43.481 0.078 0.962 786.924
meta_CD_Hab FunctionInvert -0.047 -4.630 0.954 0.782 -0.383 0.288 99.624 43.076 0.174 56.374 0.120 43.481 0.078 0.962 786.924
meta_D_All FunctionAlgae -0.305 -26.319 0.737 0.479 -1.150 0.539 99.765 29.108 5.219 65.438 2.150 35.819 5.799 0.326 620.864
meta_D_All FunctionBenthic -0.757 -53.086 0.469 0.023 -1.410 -0.104 99.765 29.108 5.219 65.438 2.150 35.819 5.799 0.326 620.864
meta_D_All FunctionFish -0.297 -25.668 0.743 0.334 -0.898 0.305 99.765 29.108 5.219 65.438 2.150 35.819 5.799 0.326 620.864
meta_D_All FunctionInvert -0.123 -11.600 0.884 0.440 -0.437 0.190 99.765 29.108 5.219 65.438 2.150 35.819 5.799 0.326 620.864
meta_D_All FunctionSessile -0.086 -8.211 0.918 0.885 -1.246 1.075 99.765 29.108 5.219 65.438 2.150 35.819 5.799 0.326 620.864
meta_R_All FunctionAlgae 0.126 13.454 1.135 0.371 -0.150 0.403 70.423 0.012 42.141 28.270 6.908 62.630 2.994 0.701 70.412
meta_R_All FunctionBenthic 0.066 6.773 1.068 0.615 -0.190 0.321 70.423 0.012 42.141 28.270 6.908 62.630 2.994 0.701 70.412
meta_R_All FunctionFish 0.000 -0.036 1.000 0.997 -0.224 0.224 70.423 0.012 42.141 28.270 6.908 62.630 2.994 0.701 70.412
meta_R_All FunctionInvert -0.027 -2.617 0.974 0.811 -0.243 0.190 70.423 0.012 42.141 28.270 6.908 62.630 2.994 0.701 70.412
meta_R_All FunctionSessile -0.077 -7.457 0.925 0.406 -0.260 0.105 70.423 0.012 42.141 28.270 6.908 62.630 2.994 0.701 70.412

plots

func_orchs
## $meta_All

## 
## $meta_All_Hab

## 
## $meta_C_All

## 
## $meta_CD_All

## 
## $meta_CD_Hab

## 
## $meta_D_All

## 
## $meta_R_All

7.3 Adding Mod: TREATMENT

#checking the spread of data in "treatment" for each model:
table(meta$Treatment)
# in greater detail 
it <- seq_len(length(data_list))
tbl_1 <- lapply(
  it,
  FUN = function(x) {
    tbl <- table(data_list[[x]]$Treatment)
    res <- data.frame(
      name = names(data_list[x]),
      Clay = tbl[1],
      Concrete = tbl[2],
      Metal = tbl[3],
      Polymer = tbl[4]
    )
    
    return(res)
  }
) 
regresdf <- bind_rows(tbl_1)
write.csv(regresdf, file = "./outputs/natural/treatment_detail_distribution.csv")


#moderators
#TREATMENT
models_treat <- map2(data_list_no_hab,
                       vcv_matrices_no_hab,
                       ~ rma.mv(
                         yi = yi,
                         V = .y,
                         data = .x,
                         mods = ~ Treatment - 1,
                         random = list(~ 1 |Study,
                                       ~ 1 |Exp_ID,
                                       ~ 1 |Effect_ID),
                         method = "REML",
                         control=list(optimizer="optim")
                       ))


## quick model summary: 
list_summary <- purrr::map(models_treat,broom::tidy)

# checking contrasts: only selected those models where there was at least one significant sub level. 
contrast_treat_meta_all <- 
  summary(glht(
  models_treat$meta_All,
  linfct = c(
    "TreatmentClay - TreatmentConcrete = 0",
    "TreatmentClay - TreatmentMetal = 0",
    "TreatmentClay - TreatmentPolymer = 0",
    "TreatmentConcrete - TreatmentMetal = 0",
    "TreatmentConcrete - TreatmentPolymer = 0",
    "TreatmentMetal - TreatmentPolymer = 0"
  )
))

contrast_treat_meta_CD_all <- 
  summary(glht(
  models_treat$meta_CD_All,
  linfct = c(
    "TreatmentClay - TreatmentConcrete = 0",
    "TreatmentClay - TreatmentMetal = 0",
    "TreatmentClay - TreatmentPolymer = 0",
    "TreatmentConcrete - TreatmentMetal = 0",
    "TreatmentConcrete - TreatmentPolymer = 0",
    "TreatmentMetal - TreatmentPolymer = 0"
  )
))

contrast_treat_meta_D_All <- 
  summary(glht(
  models_treat$meta_D_All,
  linfct = c(
    "TreatmentClay - TreatmentConcrete = 0",
    "TreatmentClay - TreatmentMetal = 0",
    "TreatmentClay - TreatmentPolymer = 0",
    "TreatmentConcrete - TreatmentMetal = 0",
    "TreatmentConcrete - TreatmentPolymer = 0",
    "TreatmentMetal - TreatmentPolymer = 0"
  )
))



#summary
it <- seq_len(length(models_treat))
regres <- lapply(it, FUN = function(x) {
        sum <- summary(models_treat[[x]])
        sum_I2 <- i2_ml(models_treat[[x]], method = "ns")
        sum_R2 <- r2_ml(models_treat[[x]])
        res <- data.frame(name = names(models_treat[x]),
                          effectname = attr(sum$beta, "dimnames")[[1]],
                          beta = as.numeric(sum$beta),
                          percentage_increase_or_decrease_on_Artificial = (exp(sum$beta)-1)*100,
                          real.effect.value_exp_beta = exp(sum$beta),
                          pval = sum$pval,
                          ci.lb = sum$ci.lb,
                          ci.ub = sum$ci.ub,
                          I2_total = sum_I2[[1]]*100,
                          I2_study = sum_I2[[2]]*100,
                          I2_Exp_ID = sum_I2[[3]]*100,
                          I2_Effect_ID = sum_I2[[4]] * 100,
                          R2_marginal_fixed = sum_R2[[1]]*100,
                          R2_conditional_fixed_random = sum_R2[[2]]*100,
                          Moderator_significance_stat = sum$QM,
                          Moderator_significance_pval = sum$QMp,
                          AIC = models_treat[[x]]$fit.stats$REML[3],
                          row.names = NULL)
        
        return(res)
        
})
regresdf_treat <- bind_rows(regres)
write.csv(regresdf_treat, file = "./outputs/natural/summ_Treatment.csv")

#plots 
treat_orchs <- models_treat %>%
        map(~orchard_plot(., mod = "Treatment", xlab = "Ratio of means")) 
treat_cats <- models_treat %>%
        map(~caterpillars(., mod = "Treatment", xlab = "Ratio of means"))  

#saving plots:
# separate ones - orch
plotnames <- paste0("./outputs/natural/treat_orch_", names(treat_orchs), ".tiff")
walk2(plotnames, treat_orchs, ~ggsave(filename = .x, plot = .y, dpi = plot_dpi, width = 10))
#separate ones - cats
plotnames <- paste0("./outputs/natural/treat_cat_", names(treat_cats), ".tiff")
walk2(plotnames, treat_cats, ~ggsave(filename = .x, plot = .y, dpi = plot_dpi, width = 10))

Summary of results:

regresdf_treat %>%
  kable("html", digits = 3) %>%
  kable_styling("striped", position = "left") %>%
  scroll_box(width = "100%",
             height = "500px")
name effectname beta percentage_increase_or_decrease_on_Artificial real.effect.value_exp_beta pval ci.lb ci.ub I2_total I2_study I2_Exp_ID I2_Effect_ID R2_marginal_fixed R2_conditional_fixed_random Moderator_significance_stat Moderator_significance_pval AIC
meta_All TreatmentClay -0.199 -18.049 0.820 0.057 -0.404 0.006 98.721 18.321 1.750 78.650 11.261 29.303 33.997 0.000 1829.421
meta_All TreatmentConcrete 0.153 16.525 1.165 0.041 0.007 0.299 98.721 18.321 1.750 78.650 11.261 29.303 33.997 0.000 1829.421
meta_All TreatmentMetal -0.343 -29.010 0.710 0.002 -0.563 -0.123 98.721 18.321 1.750 78.650 11.261 29.303 33.997 0.000 1829.421
meta_All TreatmentPolymer -0.237 -21.125 0.789 0.002 -0.388 -0.086 98.721 18.321 1.750 78.650 11.261 29.303 33.997 0.000 1829.421
meta_All_Hab TreatmentClay -0.111 -10.513 0.895 0.546 -0.472 0.250 99.600 49.353 3.818 46.429 26.349 65.667 48.970 0.000 744.750
meta_All_Hab TreatmentConcrete 0.331 39.199 1.392 0.040 0.014 0.647 99.600 49.353 3.818 46.429 26.349 65.667 48.970 0.000 744.750
meta_All_Hab TreatmentMetal -0.778 -54.064 0.459 0.001 -1.248 -0.308 99.600 49.353 3.818 46.429 26.349 65.667 48.970 0.000 744.750
meta_All_Hab TreatmentPolymer -0.657 -48.156 0.518 0.000 -1.013 -0.300 99.600 49.353 3.818 46.429 26.349 65.667 48.970 0.000 744.750
meta_C_All TreatmentClay -0.286 -24.862 0.751 0.023 -0.532 -0.040 92.495 7.223 2.177 83.094 5.883 15.449 9.956 0.041 1080.977
meta_C_All TreatmentConcrete 0.123 13.130 1.131 0.110 -0.028 0.274 92.495 7.223 2.177 83.094 5.883 15.449 9.956 0.041 1080.977
meta_C_All TreatmentMetal -0.089 -8.512 0.915 0.531 -0.367 0.189 92.495 7.223 2.177 83.094 5.883 15.449 9.956 0.041 1080.977
meta_C_All TreatmentPolymer -0.051 -4.949 0.951 0.513 -0.203 0.101 92.495 7.223 2.177 83.094 5.883 15.449 9.956 0.041 1080.977
meta_CD_All TreatmentClay -0.196 -17.810 0.822 0.091 -0.424 0.032 98.997 19.316 0.000 79.681 11.217 28.540 31.529 0.000 1712.933
meta_CD_All TreatmentConcrete 0.163 17.716 1.177 0.051 -0.001 0.327 98.997 19.316 0.000 79.681 11.217 28.540 31.529 0.000 1712.933
meta_CD_All TreatmentMetal -0.383 -31.831 0.682 0.004 -0.647 -0.120 98.997 19.316 0.000 79.681 11.217 28.540 31.529 0.000 1712.933
meta_CD_All TreatmentPolymer -0.266 -23.330 0.767 0.002 -0.436 -0.096 98.997 19.316 0.000 79.681 11.217 28.540 31.529 0.000 1712.933
meta_CD_Hab TreatmentClay -0.111 -10.513 0.895 0.546 -0.472 0.250 99.600 49.353 3.818 46.429 26.349 65.667 48.970 0.000 744.750
meta_CD_Hab TreatmentConcrete 0.331 39.199 1.392 0.040 0.014 0.647 99.600 49.353 3.818 46.429 26.349 65.667 48.970 0.000 744.750
meta_CD_Hab TreatmentMetal -0.778 -54.064 0.459 0.001 -1.248 -0.308 99.600 49.353 3.818 46.429 26.349 65.667 48.970 0.000 744.750
meta_CD_Hab TreatmentPolymer -0.657 -48.156 0.518 0.000 -1.013 -0.300 99.600 49.353 3.818 46.429 26.349 65.667 48.970 0.000 744.750
meta_D_All TreatmentClay -0.038 -3.688 0.963 0.841 -0.404 0.329 99.685 23.127 14.184 62.375 35.187 59.445 56.740 0.000 576.839
meta_D_All TreatmentConcrete 0.241 27.261 1.273 0.101 -0.047 0.529 99.685 23.127 14.184 62.375 35.187 59.445 56.740 0.000 576.839
meta_D_All TreatmentMetal -0.923 -60.254 0.397 0.000 -1.353 -0.493 99.685 23.127 14.184 62.375 35.187 59.445 56.740 0.000 576.839
meta_D_All TreatmentPolymer -0.865 -57.900 0.421 0.000 -1.198 -0.532 99.685 23.127 14.184 62.375 35.187 59.445 56.740 0.000 576.839
meta_R_All TreatmentClay -0.095 -9.075 0.909 0.509 -0.378 0.187 65.614 0.001 33.148 32.466 10.432 55.682 4.948 0.293 66.795
meta_R_All TreatmentConcrete 0.035 3.558 1.036 0.603 -0.097 0.167 65.614 0.001 33.148 32.466 10.432 55.682 4.948 0.293 66.795
meta_R_All TreatmentMetal -0.153 -14.151 0.858 0.076 -0.321 0.016 65.614 0.001 33.148 32.466 10.432 55.682 4.948 0.293 66.795
meta_R_All TreatmentPolymer -0.019 -1.853 0.981 0.784 -0.152 0.115 65.614 0.001 33.148 32.466 10.432 55.682 4.948 0.293 66.795

Plots

treat_orchs
## $meta_All

## 
## $meta_All_Hab

## 
## $meta_C_All

## 
## $meta_CD_All

## 
## $meta_CD_Hab

## 
## $meta_D_All

## 
## $meta_R_All

7.4 Adding Mod: TREATMENT_DETAIL_MOD

To check relative influence of each material. Most sub-levels showed similar trends and justified being grouped as either: metal, polymer, clay or concrete.

#checking the spread of data in "treatment" for each model:
table(meta$Treatment_detail_MOD)

#TREATMENT
models_treat_detail <- map2(data_list_no_hab,
                       vcv_matrices_no_hab,
                       ~ rma.mv(
                         yi = yi,
                         V = .y,
                         data = .x,
                         mods = ~ Treatment_detail_MOD - 1,
                         random = list(~ 1 |Study,
                                       ~ 1 |Exp_ID,
                                       ~ 1 |Effect_ID),
                         method = "REML",
                         control=list(optimizer="optim")
                       ))

## quick model summary: 
list_summary_detail <- purrr::map(models_treat_detail,broom::tidy)

# plots
#plots 
treat_orchs_detail <- models_treat_detail %>%
        map(~orchard_plot(., mod = "Treatment_detail_MOD", xlab = "Ratio of means", cb=F, angle = 0) +
              theme(axis.text.y = element_text(hjust = 0.95))) 
plotnames <- paste0("./outputs/natural/treat_orch_detail_", names(treat_orchs_detail), ".tiff")
walk2(plotnames, treat_orchs_detail, ~ggsave(filename = .x, plot = .y, dpi = plot_dpi, width = 10, height = 8))

Plots with treatment detail included:

treat_orchs_detail
## $meta_All

## 
## $meta_All_Hab

## 
## $meta_C_All

## 
## $meta_CD_All

## 
## $meta_CD_Hab

## 
## $meta_D_All

## 
## $meta_R_All

7.5 Adding Mod: CONTROL

#moderators
# CONTROL

models_cntrl <- map2(
  data_list_no_hab,
  vcv_matrices_no_hab,
  ~ rma.mv(
    yi = yi,
    V = .y,
    data = .x,
    mods = ~ Control - 1,
    random = list( ~ 1 | Study, ~ 1 | Exp_ID, ~ 1 | Effect_ID),
    method = "REML",
    control=list(optimizer="optim")
  )
) 

it <- seq_len(length(models_cntrl))
regres_cntrl <- lapply(it, FUN = function(x) {
        sum <- summary(models_cntrl[[x]])
        sum_I2 <- i2_ml(models_cntrl[[x]], method = "ns")
        sum_R2 <- r2_ml(models_cntrl[[x]])
        res <- data.frame(name = names(models_cntrl[x]),
                          effectname = attr(sum$beta, "dimnames")[[1]],
                          beta = as.numeric(sum$beta),
                          percentage_increase_or_decrease_on_Artificial = (exp(sum$beta)-1)*100,
                          real.effect.value_exp_beta = exp(sum$beta),
                          pval = sum$pval,
                          ci.lb = sum$ci.lb,
                          ci.ub = sum$ci.ub,
                          I2_total = sum_I2[[1]]*100,
                          I2_study = sum_I2[[2]]*100,
                          I2_Exp_ID = sum_I2[[3]]*100,
                          I2_Effect_ID = sum_I2[[4]] * 100,
                          R2_marginal_fixed = sum_R2[[1]]*100,
                          R2_conditional_fixed_random = sum_R2[[2]]*100,
                          Moderator_significance_stat = sum$QM,
                          Moderator_significance_pval = sum$QMp,
                          AIC = models_cntrl[[x]]$fit.stats$REML[3],
                          row.names = NULL)
        return(res)
        
})
regresdf_cntrl <- bind_rows(regres_cntrl)
write.csv(regresdf_cntrl, file = "./outputs/natural/summ_Control.csv")


#plots 
cntrl_orchs <- models_cntrl %>%
        map(~orchard_plot(., mod = "Control", xlab = "Ratio of means")) 
cntrl_cats <- models_cntrl %>%
        map(~caterpillars(., mod = "Control", xlab = "Ratio of means"))  

#saving plots:
# separate ones - orch
plotnames <- paste0("./outputs/natural/cntrl_orch_", names(cntrl_orchs), ".tiff")
walk2(plotnames, cntrl_orchs, ~ggsave(filename = .x, plot = .y, dpi = plot_dpi, width = 10))
#separate ones - cats
plotnames <- paste0("./outputs/natural/cntrl_cat_", names(cntrl_cats), ".tiff")
walk2(plotnames, cntrl_cats, ~ggsave(filename = .x, plot = .y, dpi = plot_dpi, width = 10))

Summary of results:

regresdf_cntrl %>%
  kable("html", digits = 3) %>%
  kable_styling("striped", position = "left") %>%
  scroll_box(width = "100%",
             height = "500px")
name effectname beta percentage_increase_or_decrease_on_Artificial real.effect.value_exp_beta pval ci.lb ci.ub I2_total I2_study I2_Exp_ID I2_Effect_ID R2_marginal_fixed R2_conditional_fixed_random Moderator_significance_stat Moderator_significance_pval AIC
meta_All ControlBiogenic -0.299 -25.879 0.741 0.030 -0.570 -0.029 98.729 12.901 0.000 85.827 2.143 14.931 6.283 0.099 1855.617
meta_All ControlRock -0.012 -1.159 0.988 0.858 -0.140 0.116 98.729 12.901 0.000 85.827 2.143 14.931 6.283 0.099 1855.617
meta_All ControlWood -0.098 -9.305 0.907 0.226 -0.256 0.060 98.729 12.901 0.000 85.827 2.143 14.931 6.283 0.099 1855.617
meta_All_Hab ControlBiogenic -0.303 -26.173 0.738 0.164 -0.731 0.124 99.604 39.647 0.025 59.932 1.970 41.015 2.742 0.433 785.077
meta_All_Hab ControlRock 0.012 1.189 1.012 0.940 -0.295 0.319 99.604 39.647 0.025 59.932 1.970 41.015 2.742 0.433 785.077
meta_All_Hab ControlWood 0.043 4.402 1.044 0.832 -0.354 0.440 99.604 39.647 0.025 59.932 1.970 41.015 2.742 0.433 785.077
meta_C_All ControlBiogenic -0.220 -19.772 0.802 0.195 -0.554 0.113 92.172 0.226 0.461 91.486 1.772 2.504 1.880 0.598 1086.898
meta_C_All ControlRock 0.015 1.493 1.015 0.782 -0.090 0.120 92.172 0.226 0.461 91.486 1.772 2.504 1.880 0.598 1086.898
meta_C_All ControlWood 0.021 2.103 1.021 0.792 -0.134 0.176 92.172 0.226 0.461 91.486 1.772 2.504 1.880 0.598 1086.898
meta_CD_All ControlBiogenic -0.327 -27.869 0.721 0.029 -0.619 -0.034 98.997 12.347 0.000 86.651 2.075 14.288 5.403 0.145 1737.315
meta_CD_All ControlRock -0.025 -2.420 0.976 0.737 -0.168 0.119 98.997 12.347 0.000 86.651 2.075 14.288 5.403 0.145 1737.315
meta_CD_All ControlWood -0.080 -7.644 0.924 0.387 -0.260 0.101 98.997 12.347 0.000 86.651 2.075 14.288 5.403 0.145 1737.315
meta_CD_Hab ControlBiogenic -0.303 -26.173 0.738 0.164 -0.731 0.124 99.604 39.647 0.025 59.932 1.970 41.015 2.742 0.433 785.077
meta_CD_Hab ControlRock 0.012 1.189 1.012 0.940 -0.295 0.319 99.604 39.647 0.025 59.932 1.970 41.015 2.742 0.433 785.077
meta_CD_Hab ControlWood 0.043 4.402 1.044 0.832 -0.354 0.440 99.604 39.647 0.025 59.932 1.970 41.015 2.742 0.433 785.077
meta_D_All ControlBiogenic -0.481 -38.184 0.618 0.038 -0.934 -0.028 99.737 18.980 4.792 75.965 3.521 26.516 6.243 0.100 619.341
meta_D_All ControlRock -0.058 -5.597 0.944 0.724 -0.378 0.262 99.737 18.980 4.792 75.965 3.521 26.516 6.243 0.100 619.341
meta_D_All ControlWood -0.264 -23.218 0.768 0.195 -0.664 0.135 99.737 18.980 4.792 75.965 3.521 26.516 6.243 0.100 619.341
meta_R_All ControlBiogenic 0.000 0.000 1.000 1.000 -0.426 0.426 65.067 0.001 28.632 36.433 12.922 51.242 4.814 0.186 65.022
meta_R_All ControlRock 0.028 2.791 1.028 0.640 -0.088 0.143 65.067 0.001 28.632 36.433 12.922 51.242 4.814 0.186 65.022
meta_R_All ControlWood -0.130 -12.178 0.878 0.085 -0.278 0.018 65.067 0.001 28.632 36.433 12.922 51.242 4.814 0.186 65.022

Plots

cntrl_orchs
## $meta_All

## 
## $meta_All_Hab

## 
## $meta_C_All

## 
## $meta_CD_All

## 
## $meta_CD_Hab

## 
## $meta_D_All

## 
## $meta_R_All

7.6 Adding Mod: CONTROL_DETAIL_MOD

To check relative influence of each CONTROL material. Most sub-levels showed similar trends and justified being grouped as either: rock, wood or biogenic.

#checking the spread of data in "control" for each model:
table(meta$Control_detail_MOD)

#control
models_control_detail <- map2(data_list_no_hab,
                       vcv_matrices_no_hab,
                       ~ rma.mv(
                         yi = yi,
                         V = .y,
                         data = .x,
                         mods = ~ Control_detail_MOD - 1,
                         random = list(~ 1 |Study,
                                       ~ 1 |Exp_ID,
                                       ~ 1 |Effect_ID),
                         method = "REML",
                         control=list(optimizer="optim")
                       ))

## quick model summary: 
list_summary_detail <- purrr::map(models_control_detail,broom::tidy)

# plots
#plots 
control_orchs_detail <- models_control_detail %>%
        map(~orchard_plot(., mod = "Control_detail_MOD", xlab = "Ratio of means", cb=F, angle = 0) +
              theme(axis.text.y = element_text(hjust = 0.95))) 
plotnames <- paste0("./outputs/natural/control_orch_detail_", names(control_orchs_detail), ".tiff")
walk2(plotnames, control_orchs_detail, ~ggsave(filename = .x, plot = .y, dpi = plot_dpi, width = 10, height = 8))

Plots with control detail included:

control_orchs_detail
## $meta_All

## 
## $meta_All_Hab

## 
## $meta_C_All

## 
## $meta_CD_All

## 
## $meta_CD_Hab

## 
## $meta_D_All

## 
## $meta_R_All

7.7 Adding Mod: DURATION

# DURATION NEEDS TRANSPOFRMM.. BEST IS LOG10 and  +1 
#Log Duration has zeros.. therefore PLUS 1 required for log transform
#checking the transform:
# qqnorm(sqrt(meta$Duration..months.))
# qqline(sqrt(meta$Duration..months.))
# qqnorm(log10(meta$Duration..months.))
# qqline(log10(meta$Duration..months.))
# qqnorm(log10(meta$Duration..months.+1)) #best
# qqline(log10(meta$Duration..months.+1)) #best

#continuous - LOG10 DURATION 
#Continuous moderator can't have -1 - as we don't want to remove the intercept
# for a slope. Therefore leave intercept in for this set of models.  

models_duration_contin <- map2(
  data_list_no_hab,
  vcv_matrices_no_hab,
  ~ rma.mv(
    yi = yi,
    V = .y,
    data = .x,
    mods = ~ log10(Duration..months. + 1),
    random = list(~ 1 | Study, ~ 1 | Exp_ID, ~ 1 | Effect_ID),
    method = "REML",
    control=list(optimizer="optim")
  )
) 

#Summary table
it <- seq_len(length(models_duration_contin))
regres_duration <- lapply(
  it,
  FUN = function(x) {
    sum <- summary(models_duration_contin[[x]])
    sum_I2 <- i2_ml(models_duration_contin[[x]], method = "ns")
    sum_R2 <- r2_ml(models_duration_contin[[x]])
    res <- data.frame(
      name = names(models_duration_contin[x]),
      effectname = attr(sum$beta, "dimnames")[[1]],
      beta = as.numeric(sum$beta),
      percentage_increase_or_decrease_on_Artificial = (exp(sum$beta)-1)*100,
      real.effect.value_exp_beta = exp(sum$beta), #But as we've logged Duration (and +1) we probably need to add an extra step to this. 
      pval = sum$pval,
      ci.lb = sum$ci.lb,
      ci.ub = sum$ci.ub,
      I2_total = sum_I2[[1]] * 100,
      I2_study = sum_I2[[2]] * 100,
      I2_Exp_ID = sum_I2[[3]] * 100,
      I2_Effect_ID = sum_I2[[4]] * 100,
      R2_marginal_fixed = sum_R2[[1]] * 100,
      R2_conditional_fixed_random = sum_R2[[2]] * 100,
      Moderator_significance_stat = sum$QM,
      Moderator_significance_pval = sum$QMp,
      AIC = models_duration_contin[[x]]$fit.stats$REML[3],
      row.names=NULL
    ) # add QM and QMp (test of moderators)
    return(res)
    
  }
)
regresdf_duration <- bind_rows(regres_duration)
write.csv(regresdf_duration, file = "./outputs/natural/summ_duration_contin.csv")
#effect reduces over time


##### 
## PLot of Duration - Bubble plot
#####

#A scatter plot of log duration and effect size. 
#Using the predict.rma function, which requires a model (rma.mv)
# Examples from:
# Hayward et al 2021. DOI: 10.1111/ele.13757. A broadscale analysis of host-symbiont
# cophylogeny reveals the drivers of phylogenetic congruence

# to get the precision on this plot, ie 1/SE.. we need SE.. and for SE we need N.
# SE is then sqrt(var/N)

pred_Duration..months.<- predict.rma(models_duration_contin$meta_All)
 
# plotting

fig_Duration..months. <-  meta_All %>%
  filter(!is.na(Duration..months.))  %>% # getting rid of NA values
  data.frame(
    .,
    ymin = pred_Duration..months.$ci.lb,
    ymax = pred_Duration..months.$ci.ub,
    ymin2 = pred_Duration..months.$cr.lb,
    ymax2 = pred_Duration..months.$cr.ub,
    pred = pred_Duration..months.$pred
  )  %>%
  ggplot(aes(
    x = log10(Duration..months. + 1),
    y = yi,
    #yi = effect size
    size = 1 / sqrt(vi / Replicates)        # precision: 1/SE /was (1 / yi) + 3 - which does n;t make sense.
    # we can use sample size N (ie number of replicates)
    
  )) +
  geom_point(shape = 21, fill = "grey90") +
  #geom_ribbon(aes(ymin = ymin, ymax = ymax), fill = "#0072B2")  + # not quite sure why this does not work
  geom_smooth(
    aes(y = ymin2),
    method =  "loess",
    se = FALSE,
    lty =  "dotted",
    lwd = 0.25,
    colour = "#0072B2"
  ) +
  geom_smooth(
    aes(y = ymax2),
    method =  "loess",
    se = FALSE,
    lty = "dotted",
    lwd = 0.25,
    colour = "#0072B2"
  ) +
  geom_smooth(
    aes(y = ymin),
    method =  "loess",
    se = FALSE,
    lty = "dotted",
    lwd = 0.25,
    colour = "#D55E00"
  ) +
  geom_smooth(
    aes(y = ymax),
    method =  "loess",
    se = FALSE,
    lty = "dotted",
    lwd = 0.25,
    colour = "#D55E00"
  ) +
  geom_smooth(
    aes(y = pred),
    method =  "loess",
    se = FALSE,
    lty = "dashed",
    lwd = 0.5,
    colour = "black"
  ) +
  #ylim(-1, 2) + xlim(-0.05, 2) +
  #geom_abline(intercept = mr_Duration..months.$beta[[1]], slope = mr_Duration..months.$beta[[2]], alpha = 0.7, linetype = "dashed", size = 0.5) +
  labs(x = "log(Duration +1) [months]",
       y = expression(paste(italic(yi), " (effect size)")),
       size = expression(paste(italic(1 / se), " (precision)"))) +
  guides(fill = "none", colour = "none") +
  # themes
  theme_bw() +
  theme(legend.position = c(1, 1),
        legend.justification = c(1, 1)) +
  theme(legend.direction = "horizontal") +
  #theme(legend.background = element_rect(fill = "white", colour = "black")) +
  theme(legend.background = element_blank()) +
  theme(axis.text.y = element_text(
    size = 10,
    colour = "black",
    hjust = 0.5,
    angle = 90
  )) 

fig_Duration..months.  # looks good - no obvious divergence
ggsave(fig_Duration..months.,filename = "./outputs/natural/Bubble_duration_contin_sngl_mod.jpg",
       dpi = plot_dpi, width = 10)

Summary of results:

regresdf_duration %>%
  kable("html", digits = 3) %>%
  kable_styling("striped", position = "left") %>%
  scroll_box(width = "100%",
             height = "500px")
name effectname beta percentage_increase_or_decrease_on_Artificial real.effect.value_exp_beta pval ci.lb ci.ub I2_total I2_study I2_Exp_ID I2_Effect_ID R2_marginal_fixed R2_conditional_fixed_random Moderator_significance_stat Moderator_significance_pval AIC
meta_All intrcpt -0.102 -9.663 0.903 0.382 -0.329 0.126 98.771 16.525 0.000 82.246 0.069 16.788 0.144 0.704 1860.264
meta_All log10(Duration..months. + 1) 0.042 4.248 1.042 0.704 -0.173 0.256 98.771 16.525 0.000 82.246 0.069 16.788 0.144 0.704 1860.264
meta_All_Hab intrcpt -0.192 -17.440 0.826 0.412 -0.650 0.266 99.590 37.379 0.741 61.470 0.774 38.755 0.715 0.398 787.568
meta_All_Hab log10(Duration..months. + 1) 0.174 19.015 1.190 0.398 -0.229 0.577 99.590 37.379 0.741 61.470 0.774 38.755 0.715 0.398 787.568
meta_C_All intrcpt 0.188 20.699 1.207 0.126 -0.053 0.429 92.507 5.356 2.254 84.897 1.555 9.653 3.118 0.077 1085.894
meta_C_All log10(Duration..months. + 1) -0.226 -20.199 0.798 0.077 -0.476 0.025 92.507 5.356 2.254 84.897 1.555 9.653 3.118 0.077 1085.894
meta_CD_All intrcpt -0.042 -4.070 0.959 0.752 -0.300 0.216 99.042 17.139 0.000 81.902 0.034 17.334 0.069 0.793 1741.503
meta_CD_All log10(Duration..months. + 1) -0.033 -3.240 0.968 0.793 -0.279 0.214 99.042 17.139 0.000 81.902 0.034 17.334 0.069 0.793 1741.503
meta_CD_Hab intrcpt -0.192 -17.440 0.826 0.412 -0.650 0.266 99.590 37.379 0.741 61.470 0.774 38.755 0.715 0.398 787.568
meta_CD_Hab log10(Duration..months. + 1) 0.174 19.015 1.190 0.398 -0.229 0.577 99.590 37.379 0.741 61.470 0.774 38.755 0.715 0.398 787.568
meta_D_All intrcpt -0.582 -44.144 0.559 0.021 -1.077 -0.088 99.736 18.957 6.552 74.227 6.220 30.206 3.229 0.072 620.275
meta_D_All log10(Duration..months. + 1) 0.406 50.118 1.501 0.072 -0.037 0.849 99.736 18.957 6.552 74.227 6.220 30.206 3.229 0.072 620.275
meta_R_All intrcpt -0.218 -19.577 0.804 0.084 -0.465 0.029 65.580 0.002 29.249 36.329 12.500 51.528 3.114 0.078 63.033
meta_R_All log10(Duration..months. + 1) 0.184 20.188 1.202 0.078 -0.020 0.388 65.580 0.002 29.249 36.329 12.500 51.528 3.114 0.078 63.033

Plot for meta_all

fig_Duration..months.

7.8 Adding Mod: PARAMETER

Just the full dataset, as most of the model sub-groups are based on parameter.

models_par <- rma.mv(
    yi = yi,
    V = vcv_matrices$meta_All,
    data = meta_All,
    mods = ~ Parameter - 1,
    random = list( ~ 1 | Study, ~ 1 | Exp_ID, ~ 1 | Effect_ID),
    method = "REML",
    control=list(optimizer="optim")
  )

# Summary
sum <- summary(models_par)
sum_I2 <- i2_ml(models_par, method = "ns")
sum_R2 <- r2_ml(models_par)

res <- data.frame(
  name = "models_par",
  effectname = attr(sum$beta, "dimnames")[[1]],
  beta = as.numeric(sum$beta),
  percentage_increase_or_decrease_on_Artificial = (exp(sum$beta)-1)*100,
  real.effect.value_exp_beta = exp(sum$beta),
  pval = sum$pval,
  ci.lb = sum$ci.lb,
  ci.ub = sum$ci.ub,
  I2_total = sum_I2[[1]] * 100,
  I2_study = sum_I2[[2]] * 100,
  I2_Exp_ID = sum_I2[[3]] * 100,
  I2_Effect_ID = sum_I2[[4]] * 100,
  R2_marginal_fixed = sum_R2[[1]] * 100,
  R2_conditional_fixed_random = sum_R2[[2]] * 100,
  Moderator_significance_stat = sum$QM,
  Moderator_significance_pval = sum$QMp,
  AIC = models_par$fit.stats$REML[3]
)

write.csv(res, file = "./outputs/natural/summ_par.csv")

#Adding contrasts to check for significant differences
contrast_par <- 
  summary(glht(
  models_par,
  linfct = c(
    "ParameterCover - ParameterDensity = 0",
    "ParameterCover - ParameterRichness = 0",
    "ParameterDensity - ParameterRichness = 0"
  )
))
#contrast_par

Summary of results:

res %>%
  kable("html", digits = 3) %>%
  kable_styling("striped", position = "left") %>%
  scroll_box(width = "100%",
             height = "100%")
name effectname beta percentage_increase_or_decrease_on_Artificial real.effect.value_exp_beta pval ci.lb ci.ub I2_total I2_study I2_Exp_ID I2_Effect_ID R2_marginal_fixed R2_conditional_fixed_random Moderator_significance_stat Moderator_significance_pval AIC
ParameterCover models_par ParameterCover 0.049 4.990 1.050 0.491 -0.090 0.187 98.731 14.556 0 84.175 4.377 18.475 10.76 0.013 1851.607
ParameterDensity models_par ParameterDensity -0.223 -20.012 0.800 0.007 -0.387 -0.060 98.731 14.556 0 84.175 4.377 18.475 10.76 0.013 1851.607
ParameterRichness models_par ParameterRichness -0.112 -10.631 0.894 0.232 -0.297 0.072 98.731 14.556 0 84.175 4.377 18.475 10.76 0.013 1851.607

7.9 Adding INTERACTION: Control:Treatment

Testing to see whether the interaction between control and treatment materials is a significant moderator.

Yes this is a significant moderator.

#make data list for models - including the reduced version for C_T, where 
# poorly represented interaction combinations are excluded. 
data_list_C_T <- mget(c("meta_All", "meta_CD_All", "meta_R_C_T")) #,"meta_All_Hab"))
# make associated vcv matrices
vcv_matrices_C_T<-vcv_matrices_interactions[names(data_list_C_T)]

models_C_T <- purrr::map2(
  data_list_C_T,
  vcv_matrices_C_T,
  ~ rma.mv(
    yi = yi,
    V = .y,
    data = .x,
    mods = ~ C_T - 1,
    random = list( ~ 1 | Study, ~ 1 | Exp_ID, ~ 1 | Effect_ID),
    method = "REML",
    control = list(optimizer = "optim")
  )
)

#Summary table
it <- seq_len(length(models_C_T))
regres_C_T <- lapply(
  it,
  FUN = function(x) {
    sum <- summary(models_C_T[[x]])
    sum_I2 <- i2_ml(models_C_T[[x]], method = "ns")
    sum_R2 <- r2_ml(models_C_T[[x]])
    res <- data.frame(
      name = names(models_C_T[x]),
      effectname = attr(sum$beta, "dimnames")[[1]],
      beta = as.numeric(sum$beta),
      percentage_increase_or_decrease_on_Artificial = (exp(sum$beta)-1)*100,
      real.effect.value_exp_beta = exp(sum$beta),
      pval = sum$pval,
      ci.lb = sum$ci.lb,
      ci.ub = sum$ci.ub,
      I2_total = sum_I2[[1]] * 100,
      I2_study = sum_I2[[2]] * 100,
      I2_Exp_ID = sum_I2[[3]] * 100,
      I2_Effect_ID = sum_I2[[4]] * 100,
      R2_marginal_fixed = sum_R2[[1]] * 100,
      R2_conditional_fixed_random = sum_R2[[2]] * 100,
      Moderator_significance_stat = sum$QM,
      Moderator_significance_pval = sum$QMp,
      AIC = models_C_T[[x]]$fit.stats$REML[3],
      row.names = NULL
    )
    return(res)

  }
)
regresdf_C_T <- bind_rows(regres_C_T)
write.csv(regresdf_C_T, file = "./outputs/natural/summ_C_T.csv")


########################################################################
#Contrasts
######################################################################
contrast_C_T_meta_CD <-
  summary(glht(
    models_C_T$meta_CD_All,
    linfct = c(
      #Biogenic
      "C_TBiogenic_Clay - C_TBiogenic_Concrete = 0",
      "C_TBiogenic_Clay - C_TBiogenic_Metal = 0",
      "C_TBiogenic_Clay - C_TBiogenic_Polymer = 0",
      "C_TBiogenic_Concrete - C_TBiogenic_Metal = 0",
      "C_TBiogenic_Concrete - C_TBiogenic_Polymer = 0",
      "C_TBiogenic_Metal - C_TBiogenic_Polymer = 0",
      #Rock
      "C_TRock_Clay - C_TRock_Concrete = 0",
      "C_TRock_Clay - C_TRock_Metal = 0",
      "C_TRock_Clay - C_TRock_Polymer = 0",
      "C_TRock_Concrete - C_TRock_Metal = 0",
      "C_TRock_Concrete - C_TRock_Polymer = 0",
      "C_TRock_Metal - C_TRock_Polymer = 0",
      #Wood
      "C_TWood_Clay - C_TWood_Concrete = 0",
      "C_TWood_Clay - C_TWood_Metal = 0",
      "C_TWood_Clay - C_TWood_Polymer = 0",
      "C_TWood_Concrete - C_TWood_Metal = 0",
      "C_TWood_Concrete - C_TWood_Polymer = 0",
      "C_TWood_Metal - C_TWood_Polymer = 0",
      #polymers
      "C_TBiogenic_Polymer - C_TRock_Polymer = 0",
      "C_TBiogenic_Polymer - C_TWood_Polymer = 0",
      "C_TRock_Polymer -  C_TWood_Polymer = 0",
      # metals
      "C_TBiogenic_Metal - C_TRock_Metal = 0",
      "C_TBiogenic_Metal - C_TWood_Metal = 0",
      "C_TRock_Metal -  C_TWood_Metal = 0",
      # Concrete
      "C_TBiogenic_Concrete - C_TRock_Concrete = 0",
      "C_TBiogenic_Concrete - C_TWood_Concrete = 0",
      "C_TRock_Concrete -  C_TWood_Concrete = 0",
      # Clay
      "C_TBiogenic_Clay - C_TRock_Clay = 0",
      "C_TBiogenic_Clay - C_TWood_Clay = 0",
      "C_TRock_Clay -  C_TWood_Clay = 0"
    )
  ))

contrast_C_T_meta_CD


########################################################################
#plot
#########################################################################
#orchard_plot(models_C_T, mod = C_T, xlab = "Ratio of means")
# too many levels

#C_T Plot
#plot
cd_C_T<- mod_results(models_C_T$meta_CD_All, mod="C_T")
cd_C_T_data <- cd_C_T$data
Cd_C_T_box<-cd_C_T$mod_table

r_C_T<- mod_results(models_C_T$meta_R_C_T, mod="C_T")
r_C_T_data <- r_C_T$data
r_C_T_box<-r_C_T$mod_table

plot_CD_C_T <- orchard_plot(models_C_T$meta_CD_All,
                            mod = "C_T",
                            xlab = "Ratio of means",
                            cb = F, #this allows more colours and therefore more sub levels to be in the plot
                            angle = 0) #

plot_R_C_T <- orchard_plot(models_C_T$meta_R_C_T,
                            mod = "C_T",
                            xlab = "Ratio of means",
                            cb = F, #this allows more colours and therefore more sub levels to be in the plot
                            angle = 0) #

# CD_ALL 

# 12 levels
g_col <- c("grey","grey","grey","grey","grey","grey","grey","grey","grey","grey","grey","grey")

plot_CD_C_T<-plot_CD_C_T +
  scale_fill_manual(values = g_col) +
  scale_colour_manual(values = g_col) #+


plot_CD_C_T <-
  plot_CD_C_T +
  theme(axis.text.y = element_text(hjust = 0.95)) +
  ggtitle("General Community") +
  theme(plot.title = element_text(size = 14, face = "bold"),
        text = element_text(size = 12),
        axis.text.y = element_text(size = 12))


ggsave(plot_CD_C_T, filename = "./outputs/natural/plot_CD_C_T_grey.jpg",
       dpi = 320, width = 10, height = 8)


 plot_CD_C_T
########
# R_C_T

# 8 levels
g_col <- c("grey","grey","grey","grey","grey","grey","grey","grey")

plot_R_C_T<-plot_R_C_T +
  scale_fill_manual(values = g_col) +
  scale_colour_manual(values = g_col) #+


plot_R_C_T
ggsave(plot_R_C_T,filename = "./outputs/natural/plot_R_C_T_grey.jpg",
       dpi = plot_dpi, width = 10)

Summary of results:

regresdf_C_T %>%
  kable("html", digits = 3) %>%
  kable_styling("striped", position = "left") %>%
  scroll_box(width = "100%",
             height = "500px")
name effectname beta percentage_increase_or_decrease_on_Artificial real.effect.value_exp_beta pval ci.lb ci.ub I2_total I2_study I2_Exp_ID I2_Effect_ID R2_marginal_fixed R2_conditional_fixed_random Moderator_significance_stat Moderator_significance_pval AIC
meta_All C_TBiogenic_Clay -0.071 -6.865 0.931 0.827 -0.711 0.569 98.707 18.310 0.000 80.397 16.875 32.295 54.019 0.000 1813.982
meta_All C_TBiogenic_Concrete 0.052 5.384 1.054 0.766 -0.293 0.398 98.707 18.310 0.000 80.397 16.875 32.295 54.019 0.000 1813.982
meta_All C_TBiogenic_Metal -0.493 -38.910 0.611 0.035 -0.952 -0.034 98.707 18.310 0.000 80.397 16.875 32.295 54.019 0.000 1813.982
meta_All C_TBiogenic_Polymer -0.907 -59.631 0.404 0.000 -1.306 -0.508 98.707 18.310 0.000 80.397 16.875 32.295 54.019 0.000 1813.982
meta_All C_TRock_Clay -0.129 -12.104 0.879 0.296 -0.371 0.113 98.707 18.310 0.000 80.397 16.875 32.295 54.019 0.000 1813.982
meta_All C_TRock_Concrete 0.106 11.207 1.112 0.211 -0.060 0.273 98.707 18.310 0.000 80.397 16.875 32.295 54.019 0.000 1813.982
meta_All C_TRock_Metal -0.273 -23.876 0.761 0.110 -0.607 0.061 98.707 18.310 0.000 80.397 16.875 32.295 54.019 0.000 1813.982
meta_All C_TRock_Polymer -0.080 -7.665 0.923 0.395 -0.264 0.104 98.707 18.310 0.000 80.397 16.875 32.295 54.019 0.000 1813.982
meta_All C_TWood_Clay -0.234 -20.868 0.791 0.135 -0.541 0.073 98.707 18.310 0.000 80.397 16.875 32.295 54.019 0.000 1813.982
meta_All C_TWood_Concrete 0.251 28.573 1.286 0.022 0.036 0.467 98.707 18.310 0.000 80.397 16.875 32.295 54.019 0.000 1813.982
meta_All C_TWood_Metal -0.392 -32.399 0.676 0.006 -0.671 -0.112 98.707 18.310 0.000 80.397 16.875 32.295 54.019 0.000 1813.982
meta_All C_TWood_Polymer -0.250 -22.145 0.779 0.012 -0.445 -0.056 98.707 18.310 0.000 80.397 16.875 32.295 54.019 0.000 1813.982
meta_CD_All C_TBiogenic_Clay -0.075 -7.261 0.927 0.827 -0.750 0.599 98.962 16.453 0.000 82.509 17.902 31.551 51.022 0.000 1696.903
meta_CD_All C_TBiogenic_Concrete 0.022 2.174 1.022 0.908 -0.345 0.388 98.962 16.453 0.000 82.509 17.902 31.551 51.022 0.000 1696.903
meta_CD_All C_TBiogenic_Metal -0.547 -42.157 0.578 0.027 -1.031 -0.064 98.962 16.453 0.000 82.509 17.902 31.551 51.022 0.000 1696.903
meta_CD_All C_TBiogenic_Polymer -1.005 -63.412 0.366 0.000 -1.441 -0.569 98.962 16.453 0.000 82.509 17.902 31.551 51.022 0.000 1696.903
meta_CD_All C_TRock_Clay -0.143 -13.294 0.867 0.299 -0.412 0.126 98.962 16.453 0.000 82.509 17.902 31.551 51.022 0.000 1696.903
meta_CD_All C_TRock_Concrete 0.106 11.157 1.112 0.255 -0.076 0.288 98.962 16.453 0.000 82.509 17.902 31.551 51.022 0.000 1696.903
meta_CD_All C_TRock_Metal -0.340 -28.849 0.712 0.116 -0.765 0.084 98.962 16.453 0.000 82.509 17.902 31.551 51.022 0.000 1696.903
meta_CD_All C_TRock_Polymer -0.101 -9.629 0.904 0.345 -0.311 0.109 98.962 16.453 0.000 82.509 17.902 31.551 51.022 0.000 1696.903
meta_CD_All C_TWood_Clay -0.199 -18.060 0.819 0.260 -0.546 0.148 98.962 16.453 0.000 82.509 17.902 31.551 51.022 0.000 1696.903
meta_CD_All C_TWood_Concrete 0.286 33.106 1.331 0.019 0.047 0.525 98.962 16.453 0.000 82.509 17.902 31.551 51.022 0.000 1696.903
meta_CD_All C_TWood_Metal -0.478 -37.979 0.620 0.009 -0.834 -0.121 98.962 16.453 0.000 82.509 17.902 31.551 51.022 0.000 1696.903
meta_CD_All C_TWood_Polymer -0.245 -21.747 0.783 0.028 -0.464 -0.027 98.962 16.453 0.000 82.509 17.902 31.551 51.022 0.000 1696.903
meta_R_C_T C_TRock_Clay 0.007 0.716 1.007 0.964 -0.302 0.316 63.501 0.001 30.596 32.904 24.797 61.033 11.385 0.181 72.151
meta_R_C_T C_TRock_Concrete 0.028 2.846 1.028 0.704 -0.117 0.173 63.501 0.001 30.596 32.904 24.797 61.033 11.385 0.181 72.151
meta_R_C_T C_TRock_Metal -0.075 -7.262 0.927 0.534 -0.313 0.162 63.501 0.001 30.596 32.904 24.797 61.033 11.385 0.181 72.151
meta_R_C_T C_TRock_Polymer 0.045 4.553 1.046 0.573 -0.110 0.199 63.501 0.001 30.596 32.904 24.797 61.033 11.385 0.181 72.151
meta_R_C_T C_TWood_Clay -0.338 -28.686 0.713 0.139 -0.786 0.110 63.501 0.001 30.596 32.904 24.797 61.033 11.385 0.181 72.151
meta_R_C_T C_TWood_Concrete 0.040 4.102 1.041 0.728 -0.187 0.267 63.501 0.001 30.596 32.904 24.797 61.033 11.385 0.181 72.151
meta_R_C_T C_TWood_Metal -0.226 -20.225 0.798 0.022 -0.419 -0.033 63.501 0.001 30.596 32.904 24.797 61.033 11.385 0.181 72.151
meta_R_C_T C_TWood_Polymer -0.124 -11.696 0.883 0.191 -0.311 0.062 63.501 0.001 30.596 32.904 24.797 61.033 11.385 0.181 72.151

Plot for CD_C_T

plot_CD_C_T 

  # theme(text = element_text(size = 15),
  #       axis.text.y = element_text(size = 15))

Plot for R_C_T

plot_R_C_T

7.10 Adding INTERACTION: Function:Treatment

Testing to see whether the interaction between functional group and treatment material is a significant moderator. We expect that there may be differences in how each functional group responds to the different treatments.

# Checking representation
#CD - Abundance
table(meta_CD_All$Function, meta_CD_All$Treatment)
#R - Richness only
table(meta_R_All$Function, meta_R_All$Treatment)
# dropped 8/ 20 =  40 %

# #make data list for models
# meta_CD_F_T_metal <- meta_CD_F_T
# #relevel factors so we can plot by metals
# levels(meta_CD_F_T_metal$F_T)

data_list_F_T <-
  mget(c(
    "meta_All",
    "meta_CD_All",
    "meta_CD_F_T",
    "meta_R_F_T",
    "meta_CD_F_T_metal"
  )) #,"meta_All_Hab", "meta_R_All", "meta_C_All", "meta_D_All"))

# make associated vcv matrices
vcv_matrices_F_T<-vcv_matrices_interactions[names(data_list_F_T)]


# names(data_list_F_T)
# names(vcv_matrices_F_T)


# models
models_F_T <- map2(
  data_list_F_T,
  vcv_matrices_F_T,
  ~ rma.mv(
    yi = yi,
    V = .y,
    data = .x,
    mods = ~ F_T - 1,
    random = list(~ 1 | Study, ~ 1 | Exp_ID, ~ 1 | Effect_ID),
    method = "REML",
    control=list(optimizer="optim")
  )
) 



#Summary table
it <- seq_len(length(models_F_T))
regres_F_T <- lapply(
  it,
  FUN = function(x) {
    sum <- summary(models_F_T[[x]])
    sum_I2 <- i2_ml(models_F_T[[x]], method = "ns")
    sum_R2 <- r2_ml(models_F_T[[x]])
    res <- data.frame(
      name = names(models_F_T[x]),
      effectname = attr(sum$beta, "dimnames")[[1]],
      beta = as.numeric(sum$beta),
      percentage_increase_or_decrease_on_Artificial = (exp(sum$beta)-1)*100,
      real.effect.value_exp_beta = exp(sum$beta),
      pval = sum$pval,
      ci.lb = sum$ci.lb,
      ci.ub = sum$ci.ub,
      I2_total = sum_I2[[1]] * 100,
      I2_study = sum_I2[[2]] * 100,
      I2_Exp_ID = sum_I2[[3]] * 100,
      I2_Effect_ID = sum_I2[[4]] * 100,
      R2_marginal_fixed = sum_R2[[1]] * 100,
      R2_conditional_fixed_random = sum_R2[[2]] * 100,
      Moderator_significance_stat = sum$QM,
      Moderator_significance_pval = sum$QMp,
      AIC = models_F_T[[x]]$fit.stats$REML[3],
      row.names=NULL
    ) 
    return(res)
    
  }
)
regresdf_F_T <- bind_rows(regres_F_T)
write.csv(regresdf_F_T, file = "./outputs/natural/summ_F_T.csv")


table(meta_CD_F_T$F_T)
contrast_F_T_meta_CD <-
  summary(glht(
    models_F_T$meta_CD_F_T,
    linfct = c(
      #Algae
      "F_TAlgae_Clay - F_TAlgae_Concrete = 0",
      "F_TAlgae_Clay - F_TAlgae_Metal = 0",
      "F_TAlgae_Clay - F_TAlgae_Polymer = 0",
      "F_TAlgae_Concrete - F_TAlgae_Metal = 0",
      "F_TAlgae_Concrete - F_TAlgae_Polymer = 0",
      "F_TAlgae_Metal -F_TAlgae_Polymer = 0",
      #Benthics
      "F_TBenthic_Clay - F_TBenthic_Polymer = 0",
      #Fish - only Fish concrete
      #inverts
      "F_TInvert_Clay - F_TInvert_Concrete = 0",
      "F_TInvert_Clay - F_TInvert_Metal = 0",
      "F_TInvert_Clay- F_TInvert_Polymer = 0",
      "F_TInvert_Concrete - F_TInvert_Metal = 0",
      "F_TInvert_Concrete - F_TInvert_Polymer = 0",
      "F_TInvert_Metal - F_TInvert_Polymer = 0",
      #Sessiles
      "F_TSessile_Clay - F_TSessile_Concrete = 0",
      "F_TSessile_Clay - F_TSessile_Polymer = 0",
      "F_TSessile_Concrete - F_TSessile_Polymer = 0",
      #polymers
      "F_TAlgae_Polymer - F_TBenthic_Polymer = 0",
      "F_TSessile_Polymer - F_TAlgae_Polymer = 0",
      "F_TSessile_Polymer - F_TBenthic_Polymer = 0",
      "F_TInvert_Polymer - F_TSessile_Polymer = 0",
      "F_TInvert_Polymer - F_TAlgae_Polymer = 0",
      "F_TInvert_Polymer - F_TBenthic_Polymer = 0",
      # metals
      "F_TAlgae_Metal - F_TInvert_Metal = 0",
      # Concrete
      "F_TFish_Concrete - F_TAlgae_Concrete = 0",
      "F_TFish_Concrete - F_TInvert_Concrete = 0",
      "F_TFish_Concrete- F_TSessile_Concrete = 0",
      "F_TInvert_Concrete - F_TAlgae_Concrete = 0",
      "F_TInvert_Concrete - F_TSessile_Concrete = 0",
      "F_TSessile_Concrete - F_TAlgae_Concrete = 0",
      # Clay
      "F_TAlgae_Clay - F_TBenthic_Clay = 0",
      "F_TBenthic_Clay - F_TInvert_Clay = 0",
      "F_TBenthic_Clay -  F_TSessile_Clay = 0",
      "F_TInvert_Clay - F_TAlgae_Clay = 0",
      "F_TInvert_Clay - F_TSessile_Clay = 0",
      "F_TSessile_Clay - F_TAlgae_Clay = 0"
    )
  ))

contrast_F_T_meta_CD



# meta_R_F_T 
table(meta_R_F_T$F_T)
contrast_F_T_meta_R_F_T <-
  summary(glht(
    models_F_T$meta_R_F_T,
    linfct = c(
      #Algae
      #inverts
      #Sessiles
      "F_TSessile_Clay - F_TSessile_Concrete = 0",
      "F_TSessile_Clay - F_TSessile_Polymer = 0",
      #Benthics
      "F_TBenthic_Concrete - F_TBenthic_Polymer = 0",
      #Fish
      "F_TFish_Concrete - F_TFish_Metal = 0",
      "F_TFish_Concrete- F_TFish_Polymer = 0",
      "F_TFish_Metal - F_TFish_Polymer = 0",
      #inverts
      #Sessiles
      "F_TSessile_Clay - F_TSessile_Concrete = 0",
      "F_TSessile_Clay - F_TSessile_Metal = 0",
      "F_TSessile_Clay - F_TSessile_Polymer = 0",
      "F_TSessile_Concrete - F_TSessile_Metal = 0",
      "F_TSessile_Concrete - F_TSessile_Polymer = 0"
    )
  ))
contrast_F_T_meta_R_F_T



#plot
cd_F_T<- mod_results(models_F_T$meta_CD_F_T, mod="F_T")
cd_F_T_data <- cd_F_T$data
Cd_F_T_box<-cd_F_T$mod_table

cd<- mod_results(models_F_T$meta_CD_All, mod="F_T")
cd_data <- cd$data
cd_box<-cd$mod_table

plot_F_T_CD_all <- orchard_plot(models_F_T$meta_CD_All,
                            mod = "F_T",
                            xlab = "Ratio of means",
                            cb = F, #this allows more colours and therefore more sub levels to be in the plot
                            angle = 0) #

plot_F_T_CD_reduced <- orchard_plot(models_F_T$meta_CD_F_T,
                            mod = "F_T",
                            xlab = "Ratio of means",
                            cb = F, #this allows more colours and therefore more sub levels to be in the plot
                            angle = 0) #
g_col <- c("grey","grey","grey","grey","grey","grey","grey","grey","grey","grey","grey","grey","grey","grey")
plot_F_T_CD_reduced<-plot_F_T_CD_reduced +
  scale_fill_manual(values = g_col) +
  scale_colour_manual(values = g_col) #+


plot_F_T_CD_reduced <-
  plot_F_T_CD_reduced +
  ggtitle("General Community") +
  theme(
    axis.text.y = element_text(hjust = 0.95, size = 12),
    plot.title = element_text(size = 14, face = "bold"),
    text = element_text(size = 12)
  )


ggsave(plot_F_T_CD_reduced, filename = "./outputs/natural/plot_F_T_CD_reduced_grey.jpg",
       dpi = 320, width = 10, height = 8.5)

###############################################################################
#plot Metals then functional groups (ie switch order of factors)

#switch order of factors first: 
cd_F_T_metals<- mod_results(models_F_T$meta_CD_F_T_metal, mod="F_T")

#plot
cd_F_T_data_metals <- cd_F_T_metals$data
cd_F_T_box_metals<-cd_F_T_metals$mod_table

plot_F_T_CD_reduced_metal <- orchard_plot(models_F_T$meta_CD_F_T_metal,
                            mod = "F_T",
                            xlab = "Ratio of means",
                            cb = F, #this allows more colours and therefore more sub levels to be in the plot
                            angle = 0) #
g_col <- c("grey","grey","grey","grey","grey","grey","grey","grey","grey","grey","grey","grey","grey","grey")
plot_F_T_CD_reduced_metal <- plot_F_T_CD_reduced_metal +
  scale_fill_manual(values = g_col) +
  scale_colour_manual(values = g_col) +
  ggtitle("General Community") +
  theme(
    axis.text.y = element_text(hjust = 0.95, size = 12),
    plot.title = element_text(size = 14, face = "bold"),
    text = element_text(size = 12)
  )

plot_F_T_CD_reduced_metal
ggsave(plot_F_T_CD_reduced_metal, filename = "./outputs/natural/plot_F_T_CD_reduced_metal_grey.jpg",
       dpi = 320, width = 10, height = 8.5)



################################################################################
# Plot R - F_T

#plot
R_F_T<- mod_results(models_F_T$meta_R_F_T, mod="F_T")
R_F_T_data <- R_F_T$data
R_F_T_box<-R_F_T$mod_table

plot_F_T_R_reduced <- orchard_plot(models_F_T$meta_R_F_T,
                            mod = "F_T",
                            xlab = "Ratio of means",
                            cb = F, #this allows more colours and therefore more sub levels to be in the plot
                            angle = 0) #
g_col <- c("grey","grey","grey","grey","grey","grey","grey","grey","grey","grey","grey","grey","grey","grey")
plot_F_T_R_reduced<-plot_F_T_R_reduced +
  scale_fill_manual(values = g_col) +
  scale_colour_manual(values = g_col) #+


plot_F_T_R_reduced
ggsave(plot_F_T_R_reduced, filename = "./outputs/natural/plot_F_T_R_reduced_grey.jpg",
       dpi = plot_dpi, width = 10)

Summary of results:

regresdf_F_T %>%
  kable("html", digits = 3) %>%
  kable_styling("striped", position = "left") %>%
  scroll_box(width = "100%",
             height = "500px")
name effectname beta percentage_increase_or_decrease_on_Artificial real.effect.value_exp_beta pval ci.lb ci.ub I2_total I2_study I2_Exp_ID I2_Effect_ID R2_marginal_fixed R2_conditional_fixed_random Moderator_significance_stat Moderator_significance_pval AIC
meta_All F_TAlgae_Clay -0.014 -1.418 0.986 0.931 -0.339 0.311 98.668 14.740 2.419 81.509 15.177 29.928 56.428 0.000 1817.523
meta_All F_TAlgae_Concrete 0.112 11.847 1.118 0.328 -0.113 0.337 98.668 14.740 2.419 81.509 15.177 29.928 56.428 0.000 1817.523
meta_All F_TAlgae_Metal 0.042 4.268 1.043 0.829 -0.337 0.421 98.668 14.740 2.419 81.509 15.177 29.928 56.428 0.000 1817.523
meta_All F_TAlgae_Polymer 0.173 18.936 1.189 0.173 -0.076 0.423 98.668 14.740 2.419 81.509 15.177 29.928 56.428 0.000 1817.523
meta_All F_TBenthic_Clay -0.412 -33.756 0.662 0.293 -1.180 0.356 98.668 14.740 2.419 81.509 15.177 29.928 56.428 0.000 1817.523
meta_All F_TBenthic_Concrete -0.168 -15.459 0.845 0.557 -0.729 0.393 98.668 14.740 2.419 81.509 15.177 29.928 56.428 0.000 1817.523
meta_All F_TBenthic_Polymer -0.458 -36.717 0.633 0.014 -0.823 -0.093 98.668 14.740 2.419 81.509 15.177 29.928 56.428 0.000 1817.523
meta_All F_TFish_Concrete 0.005 0.485 1.005 0.979 -0.349 0.359 98.668 14.740 2.419 81.509 15.177 29.928 56.428 0.000 1817.523
meta_All F_TFish_Metal 0.085 8.877 1.089 0.850 -0.795 0.965 98.668 14.740 2.419 81.509 15.177 29.928 56.428 0.000 1817.523
meta_All F_TFish_Polymer -0.002 -0.158 0.998 0.996 -0.680 0.677 98.668 14.740 2.419 81.509 15.177 29.928 56.428 0.000 1817.523
meta_All F_TInvert_Clay -0.166 -15.309 0.847 0.214 -0.428 0.096 98.668 14.740 2.419 81.509 15.177 29.928 56.428 0.000 1817.523
meta_All F_TInvert_Concrete 0.151 16.345 1.163 0.060 -0.007 0.309 98.668 14.740 2.419 81.509 15.177 29.928 56.428 0.000 1817.523
meta_All F_TInvert_Metal -0.457 -36.710 0.633 0.002 -0.742 -0.173 98.668 14.740 2.419 81.509 15.177 29.928 56.428 0.000 1817.523
meta_All F_TInvert_Polymer -0.377 -31.416 0.686 0.000 -0.559 -0.195 98.668 14.740 2.419 81.509 15.177 29.928 56.428 0.000 1817.523
meta_All F_TSessile_Clay -0.248 -21.975 0.780 0.213 -0.639 0.142 98.668 14.740 2.419 81.509 15.177 29.928 56.428 0.000 1817.523
meta_All F_TSessile_Concrete 0.090 9.376 1.094 0.484 -0.161 0.340 98.668 14.740 2.419 81.509 15.177 29.928 56.428 0.000 1817.523
meta_All F_TSessile_Metal -0.394 -32.598 0.674 0.070 -0.821 0.032 98.668 14.740 2.419 81.509 15.177 29.928 56.428 0.000 1817.523
meta_All F_TSessile_Polymer -0.213 -19.210 0.808 0.115 -0.478 0.052 98.668 14.740 2.419 81.509 15.177 29.928 56.428 0.000 1817.523
meta_CD_All F_TAlgae_Clay 0.012 1.198 1.012 0.950 -0.357 0.381 98.995 20.421 1.256 77.318 17.378 35.470 56.186 0.000 1697.216
meta_CD_All F_TAlgae_Concrete 0.113 11.996 1.120 0.383 -0.141 0.368 98.995 20.421 1.256 77.318 17.378 35.470 56.186 0.000 1697.216
meta_CD_All F_TAlgae_Metal 0.137 14.707 1.147 0.581 -0.350 0.625 98.995 20.421 1.256 77.318 17.378 35.470 56.186 0.000 1697.216
meta_CD_All F_TAlgae_Polymer 0.265 30.306 1.303 0.090 -0.041 0.570 98.995 20.421 1.256 77.318 17.378 35.470 56.186 0.000 1697.216
meta_CD_All F_TBenthic_Clay -0.431 -35.022 0.650 0.313 -1.268 0.406 98.995 20.421 1.256 77.318 17.378 35.470 56.186 0.000 1697.216
meta_CD_All F_TBenthic_Concrete -1.024 -64.085 0.359 0.281 -2.887 0.839 98.995 20.421 1.256 77.318 17.378 35.470 56.186 0.000 1697.216
meta_CD_All F_TBenthic_Polymer -0.841 -56.892 0.431 0.001 -1.354 -0.329 98.995 20.421 1.256 77.318 17.378 35.470 56.186 0.000 1697.216
meta_CD_All F_TFish_Concrete -0.106 -10.044 0.900 0.654 -0.568 0.356 98.995 20.421 1.256 77.318 17.378 35.470 56.186 0.000 1697.216
meta_CD_All F_TFish_Polymer -0.141 -13.123 0.869 0.826 -1.397 1.115 98.995 20.421 1.256 77.318 17.378 35.470 56.186 0.000 1697.216
meta_CD_All F_TInvert_Clay -0.189 -17.192 0.828 0.198 -0.476 0.098 98.995 20.421 1.256 77.318 17.378 35.470 56.186 0.000 1697.216
meta_CD_All F_TInvert_Concrete 0.127 13.500 1.135 0.175 -0.056 0.310 98.995 20.421 1.256 77.318 17.378 35.470 56.186 0.000 1697.216
meta_CD_All F_TInvert_Metal -0.527 -40.944 0.591 0.002 -0.857 -0.196 98.995 20.421 1.256 77.318 17.378 35.470 56.186 0.000 1697.216
meta_CD_All F_TInvert_Polymer -0.445 -35.897 0.641 0.000 -0.656 -0.233 98.995 20.421 1.256 77.318 17.378 35.470 56.186 0.000 1697.216
meta_CD_All F_TSessile_Clay 0.014 1.366 1.014 0.972 -0.733 0.760 98.995 20.421 1.256 77.318 17.378 35.470 56.186 0.000 1697.216
meta_CD_All F_TSessile_Concrete 0.136 14.600 1.146 0.421 -0.196 0.468 98.995 20.421 1.256 77.318 17.378 35.470 56.186 0.000 1697.216
meta_CD_All F_TSessile_Metal -0.534 -41.389 0.586 0.252 -1.448 0.379 98.995 20.421 1.256 77.318 17.378 35.470 56.186 0.000 1697.216
meta_CD_All F_TSessile_Polymer -0.261 -22.949 0.771 0.274 -0.728 0.206 98.995 20.421 1.256 77.318 17.378 35.470 56.186 0.000 1697.216
meta_CD_F_T F_TAlgae_Clay 0.012 1.168 1.012 0.951 -0.357 0.381 99.002 20.306 1.213 77.483 17.108 35.125 53.797 0.000 1690.542
meta_CD_F_T F_TAlgae_Concrete 0.113 11.951 1.120 0.385 -0.142 0.368 99.002 20.306 1.213 77.483 17.108 35.125 53.797 0.000 1690.542
meta_CD_F_T F_TAlgae_Metal 0.137 14.647 1.146 0.583 -0.351 0.625 99.002 20.306 1.213 77.483 17.108 35.125 53.797 0.000 1690.542
meta_CD_F_T F_TAlgae_Polymer 0.265 30.280 1.303 0.090 -0.041 0.570 99.002 20.306 1.213 77.483 17.108 35.125 53.797 0.000 1690.542
meta_CD_F_T F_TBenthic_Clay -0.431 -35.024 0.650 0.313 -1.269 0.406 99.002 20.306 1.213 77.483 17.108 35.125 53.797 0.000 1690.542
meta_CD_F_T F_TBenthic_Polymer -0.841 -56.854 0.431 0.001 -1.354 -0.327 99.002 20.306 1.213 77.483 17.108 35.125 53.797 0.000 1690.542
meta_CD_F_T F_TFish_Concrete -0.106 -10.075 0.899 0.653 -0.569 0.357 99.002 20.306 1.213 77.483 17.108 35.125 53.797 0.000 1690.542
meta_CD_F_T F_TInvert_Clay -0.189 -17.245 0.828 0.196 -0.476 0.098 99.002 20.306 1.213 77.483 17.108 35.125 53.797 0.000 1690.542
meta_CD_F_T F_TInvert_Concrete 0.126 13.468 1.135 0.176 -0.056 0.309 99.002 20.306 1.213 77.483 17.108 35.125 53.797 0.000 1690.542
meta_CD_F_T F_TInvert_Metal -0.527 -40.954 0.590 0.002 -0.858 -0.196 99.002 20.306 1.213 77.483 17.108 35.125 53.797 0.000 1690.542
meta_CD_F_T F_TInvert_Polymer -0.445 -35.905 0.641 0.000 -0.656 -0.233 99.002 20.306 1.213 77.483 17.108 35.125 53.797 0.000 1690.542
meta_CD_F_T F_TSessile_Clay 0.013 1.333 1.013 0.972 -0.734 0.761 99.002 20.306 1.213 77.483 17.108 35.125 53.797 0.000 1690.542
meta_CD_F_T F_TSessile_Concrete 0.136 14.596 1.146 0.422 -0.196 0.468 99.002 20.306 1.213 77.483 17.108 35.125 53.797 0.000 1690.542
meta_CD_F_T F_TSessile_Polymer -0.261 -22.976 0.770 0.274 -0.728 0.206 99.002 20.306 1.213 77.483 17.108 35.125 53.797 0.000 1690.542
meta_R_F_T F_TAlgae_Concrete -0.143 -13.321 0.867 0.658 -0.775 0.489 65.055 0.005 51.897 13.154 18.485 83.518 13.967 0.235 74.565
meta_R_F_T F_TBenthic_Concrete 0.095 10.005 1.100 0.501 -0.182 0.373 65.055 0.005 51.897 13.154 18.485 83.518 13.967 0.235 74.565
meta_R_F_T F_TBenthic_Polymer 0.097 10.212 1.102 0.459 -0.160 0.354 65.055 0.005 51.897 13.154 18.485 83.518 13.967 0.235 74.565
meta_R_F_T F_TFish_Concrete 0.011 1.058 1.011 0.921 -0.198 0.219 65.055 0.005 51.897 13.154 18.485 83.518 13.967 0.235 74.565
meta_R_F_T F_TFish_Metal 0.078 8.151 1.082 0.821 -0.602 0.758 65.055 0.005 51.897 13.154 18.485 83.518 13.967 0.235 74.565
meta_R_F_T F_TFish_Polymer 0.014 1.409 1.014 0.932 -0.307 0.335 65.055 0.005 51.897 13.154 18.485 83.518 13.967 0.235 74.565
meta_R_F_T F_TInvert_Concrete 0.077 8.002 1.080 0.528 -0.162 0.316 65.055 0.005 51.897 13.154 18.485 83.518 13.967 0.235 74.565
meta_R_F_T F_TSessile_Clay -0.112 -10.588 0.894 0.444 -0.399 0.175 65.055 0.005 51.897 13.154 18.485 83.518 13.967 0.235 74.565
meta_R_F_T F_TSessile_Concrete 0.000 0.017 1.000 0.999 -0.226 0.227 65.055 0.005 51.897 13.154 18.485 83.518 13.967 0.235 74.565
meta_R_F_T F_TSessile_Metal -0.267 -23.434 0.766 0.016 -0.485 -0.049 65.055 0.005 51.897 13.154 18.485 83.518 13.967 0.235 74.565
meta_R_F_T F_TSessile_Polymer -0.017 -1.649 0.984 0.868 -0.213 0.180 65.055 0.005 51.897 13.154 18.485 83.518 13.967 0.235 74.565
meta_CD_F_T_metal F_TAlgae_Clay 0.012 1.168 1.012 0.951 -0.357 0.381 99.002 20.306 1.213 77.483 17.108 35.125 53.797 0.000 1690.542
meta_CD_F_T_metal F_TBenthic_Clay -0.431 -35.024 0.650 0.313 -1.269 0.406 99.002 20.306 1.213 77.483 17.108 35.125 53.797 0.000 1690.542
meta_CD_F_T_metal F_TInvert_Clay -0.189 -17.245 0.828 0.196 -0.476 0.098 99.002 20.306 1.213 77.483 17.108 35.125 53.797 0.000 1690.542
meta_CD_F_T_metal F_TSessile_Clay 0.013 1.333 1.013 0.972 -0.734 0.761 99.002 20.306 1.213 77.483 17.108 35.125 53.797 0.000 1690.542
meta_CD_F_T_metal F_TAlgae_Concrete 0.113 11.951 1.120 0.385 -0.142 0.368 99.002 20.306 1.213 77.483 17.108 35.125 53.797 0.000 1690.542
meta_CD_F_T_metal F_TFish_Concrete -0.106 -10.075 0.899 0.653 -0.569 0.357 99.002 20.306 1.213 77.483 17.108 35.125 53.797 0.000 1690.542
meta_CD_F_T_metal F_TInvert_Concrete 0.126 13.468 1.135 0.176 -0.056 0.309 99.002 20.306 1.213 77.483 17.108 35.125 53.797 0.000 1690.542
meta_CD_F_T_metal F_TSessile_Concrete 0.136 14.596 1.146 0.422 -0.196 0.468 99.002 20.306 1.213 77.483 17.108 35.125 53.797 0.000 1690.542
meta_CD_F_T_metal F_TAlgae_Metal 0.137 14.647 1.146 0.583 -0.351 0.625 99.002 20.306 1.213 77.483 17.108 35.125 53.797 0.000 1690.542
meta_CD_F_T_metal F_TInvert_Metal -0.527 -40.954 0.590 0.002 -0.858 -0.196 99.002 20.306 1.213 77.483 17.108 35.125 53.797 0.000 1690.542
meta_CD_F_T_metal F_TAlgae_Polymer 0.265 30.280 1.303 0.090 -0.041 0.570 99.002 20.306 1.213 77.483 17.108 35.125 53.797 0.000 1690.542
meta_CD_F_T_metal F_TBenthic_Polymer -0.841 -56.854 0.431 0.001 -1.354 -0.327 99.002 20.306 1.213 77.483 17.108 35.125 53.797 0.000 1690.542
meta_CD_F_T_metal F_TInvert_Polymer -0.445 -35.905 0.641 0.000 -0.656 -0.233 99.002 20.306 1.213 77.483 17.108 35.125 53.797 0.000 1690.542
meta_CD_F_T_metal F_TSessile_Polymer -0.261 -22.976 0.770 0.274 -0.728 0.206 99.002 20.306 1.213 77.483 17.108 35.125 53.797 0.000 1690.542

Plot for CD_F_T

plot_F_T_CD_reduced_metal

Plot for R_F_T

plot_F_T_R_reduced

7.11 Adding INTERACTION: Function:Control

#make data list for models
data_list_F_C <- mget(c("meta_All", "meta_R_All", "meta_CD_F_C", "meta_CD_F_C_metal")) #,"meta_All_Hab", "meta_CD_All",))
# make associated vcv matrices
vcv_matrices_F_C<-vcv_matrices_interactions[names(data_list_F_C)]

models_F_C <- map2(
  data_list_F_C,
  vcv_matrices_F_C,
  ~ rma.mv(
    yi = yi,
    V = .y,
    data = .x,
    mods = ~ F_C - 1,
    random = list( ~ 1 | Study, ~ 1 | Exp_ID, ~ 1 | Effect_ID),
    method = "REML",
    control = list(optimizer = "optim")
  )
)


#Summary table
it <- seq_len(length(models_F_C))
regres_F_C <- lapply(
  it,
  FUN = function(x) {
    sum <- summary(models_F_C[[x]])
    sum_I2 <- i2_ml(models_F_C[[x]], method = "ns")
    sum_R2 <- r2_ml(models_F_C[[x]])
    res <- data.frame(
      name = names(models_F_C[x]),
      effectname = attr(sum$beta, "dimnames")[[1]],
      beta = as.numeric(sum$beta),
      percentage_increase_or_decrease_on_Artificial = (exp(sum$beta)-1)*100,
      real.effect.value_exp_beta = exp(sum$beta),
      pval = sum$pval,
      ci.lb = sum$ci.lb,
      ci.ub = sum$ci.ub,
      I2_total = sum_I2[[1]] * 100,
      I2_study = sum_I2[[2]] * 100,
      I2_Exp_ID = sum_I2[[3]] * 100,
      I2_Effect_ID = sum_I2[[4]] * 100,
      R2_marginal_fixed = sum_R2[[1]] * 100,
      R2_conditional_fixed_random = sum_R2[[2]] * 100,
      Moderator_significance_stat = sum$QM,
      Moderator_significance_pval = sum$QMp,
      AIC = models_F_C[[x]]$fit.stats$REML[3],
      row.names=NULL
    )
    return(res)

  }
)
regresdf_F_C <- bind_rows(regres_F_C)
write.csv(regresdf_F_C, file = "./outputs/natural/summ_F_C.csv")


#####################################################
# Checking contrasts for the CD model
contrast_F_C_meta_CD <-
  summary(glht(
    models_F_C$meta_CD_F_C,
    linfct = c(
      #Algae
      "F_CAlgae_Rock - F_CAlgae_Wood = 0",
      #Benthics - only one so leave out
      #Fish - only one so leave out
      #inverts
      "F_CInvert_Rock - F_CInvert_Wood = 0",
      "F_CInvert_Rock - F_CInvert_Biogenic = 0",
      "F_CInvert_Wood- F_CInvert_Biogenic = 0",
      #Sessiles
      "F_CSessile_Rock - F_CSessile_Wood = 0",
      #Rock
      "F_CAlgae_Rock - F_CFish_Rock = 0",
      "F_CAlgae_Rock - F_CInvert_Rock = 0",
      "F_CFish_Rock -  F_CInvert_Rock = 0",
      "F_CSessile_Rock - F_CAlgae_Rock = 0",
      "F_CSessile_Rock  - F_CFish_Rock = 0",
      "F_CSessile_Rock  - F_CInvert_Rock = 0",
      # Wood
      "F_CAlgae_Wood - F_CBenthic_Wood = 0",
      "F_CAlgae_Wood - F_CInvert_Wood = 0",
      "F_CBenthic_Wood -  F_CInvert_Wood = 0",
      "F_CSessile_Wood - F_CAlgae_Wood = 0",
      "F_CSessile_Wood  - F_CBenthic_Wood = 0",
      "F_CSessile_Wood  - F_CInvert_Wood = 0"
      # Biogenic - on its own so no contrast
    )
  ))

contrast_F_C_meta_CD


############################################################
#plot
###########################################################
#orchard_plot(models_F_C, mod = F_C, xlab = "Ratio of means")
# too many levels

#F_C Plot
#plot
cd_F_C<- mod_results(models_F_C$meta_CD_F_C, mod="F_C")
cd_F_C_data <- cd_F_C$data
Cd_F_C_box<-cd_F_C$mod_table

r_F_C<- mod_results(models_F_C$meta_R_All, mod="F_C")
r_F_C_data <- r_F_C$data
r_F_C_box<-r_F_C$mod_table

plot_CD_F_C <- orchard_plot(models_F_C$meta_CD_F_C,
                            mod = "F_C",
                            xlab = "Ratio of means",
                            cb = F, #this allows more colours and therefore more sub levels to be in the plot
                            angle = 0) #

plot_R_F_C <- orchard_plot(models_F_C$meta_R_All,
                            mod = "F_C",
                            xlab = "Ratio of means",
                            cb = F, #this allows more colours and therefore more sub levels to be in the plot
                            angle = 0) #


# CD_ALL 

# 12 levels
g_col <- c("grey","grey","grey","grey","grey","grey","grey","grey","grey")

plot_CD_F_C<-plot_CD_F_C +
  scale_fill_manual(values = g_col) +
  scale_colour_manual(values = g_col) #+


plot_CD_F_C
ggsave(plot_CD_F_C,filename = "./outputs/natural/plot_CD_F_C_grey.jpg",
       dpi = plot_dpi, width = 10)

################################################
# PLot Natural materials in a group 

#switch order of factors first: 
cd_F_C_metals<- mod_results(models_F_C$meta_CD_F_C_metal, mod="F_C")

#plot
cd_F_C_data_metals <- cd_F_C_metals$data
cd_F_C_box_metals<-cd_F_C_metals$mod_table

plot_F_C_CD_reduced_metal <- orchard_plot(models_F_C$meta_CD_F_C_metal,
                            mod = "F_C",
                            xlab = "Ratio of means",
                            cb = F, #this allows more colours and therefore more sub levels to be in the plot
                            angle = 0) #
g_col <- c("grey","grey","grey","grey","grey","grey","grey","grey","grey")
plot_F_C_CD_reduced_metal<-plot_F_C_CD_reduced_metal +
  scale_fill_manual(values = g_col) +
  scale_colour_manual(values = g_col) #+


plot_F_C_CD_reduced_metal
ggsave(plot_F_C_CD_reduced_metal, filename = "./outputs/natural/plot_F_C_CD_reduced_metal_grey.jpg",
       dpi = plot_dpi, width = 10)



#################################################
# R_F_C

# 14 levels - 
g_col <- c("grey","grey","grey","grey","grey","grey","grey","grey","grey","grey","grey","grey","grey","grey")

plot_R_F_C<-plot_R_F_C +
  scale_fill_manual(values = g_col) +
  scale_colour_manual(values = g_col) #+


plot_R_F_C
ggsave(plot_R_F_C,filename = "./outputs/natural/plot_R_F_C_grey.jpg",
       dpi = plot_dpi, width = 10)

Summary of results:

regresdf_F_C %>%
  kable("html", digits = 3) %>%
  kable_styling("striped", position = "left") %>%
  scroll_box(width = "100%",
             height = "500px")
name effectname beta percentage_increase_or_decrease_on_Artificial real.effect.value_exp_beta pval ci.lb ci.ub I2_total I2_study I2_Exp_ID I2_Effect_ID R2_marginal_fixed R2_conditional_fixed_random Moderator_significance_stat Moderator_significance_pval AIC
meta_All F_CAlgae_Biogenic 0.994 170.317 2.703 0.156 -0.380 2.369 98.742 14.661 0.000 84.082 6.428 20.321 20.380 0.119 1848.831
meta_All F_CAlgae_Rock 0.072 7.454 1.075 0.436 -0.109 0.253 98.742 14.661 0.000 84.082 6.428 20.321 20.380 0.119 1848.831
meta_All F_CAlgae_Wood 0.217 24.190 1.242 0.171 -0.093 0.527 98.742 14.661 0.000 84.082 6.428 20.321 20.380 0.119 1848.831
meta_All F_CBenthic_Biogenic -0.244 -21.660 0.783 0.501 -0.955 0.467 98.742 14.661 0.000 84.082 6.428 20.321 20.380 0.119 1848.831
meta_All F_CBenthic_Rock -0.104 -9.844 0.902 0.655 -0.558 0.350 98.742 14.661 0.000 84.082 6.428 20.321 20.380 0.119 1848.831
meta_All F_CBenthic_Wood -0.618 -46.104 0.539 0.013 -1.106 -0.131 98.742 14.661 0.000 84.082 6.428 20.321 20.380 0.119 1848.831
meta_All F_CFish_Biogenic -0.805 -55.294 0.447 0.188 -2.004 0.394 98.742 14.661 0.000 84.082 6.428 20.321 20.380 0.119 1848.831
meta_All F_CFish_Rock -0.001 -0.100 0.999 0.995 -0.346 0.344 98.742 14.661 0.000 84.082 6.428 20.321 20.380 0.119 1848.831
meta_All F_CFish_Wood 0.003 0.340 1.003 0.993 -0.757 0.764 98.742 14.661 0.000 84.082 6.428 20.321 20.380 0.119 1848.831
meta_All F_CInvert_Biogenic -0.318 -27.224 0.728 0.039 -0.619 -0.016 98.742 14.661 0.000 84.082 6.428 20.321 20.380 0.119 1848.831
meta_All F_CInvert_Rock 0.018 1.851 1.019 0.828 -0.147 0.184 98.742 14.661 0.000 84.082 6.428 20.321 20.380 0.119 1848.831
meta_All F_CInvert_Wood -0.180 -16.444 0.836 0.090 -0.387 0.028 98.742 14.661 0.000 84.082 6.428 20.321 20.380 0.119 1848.831
meta_All F_CSessile_Rock -0.097 -9.229 0.908 0.421 -0.333 0.139 98.742 14.661 0.000 84.082 6.428 20.321 20.380 0.119 1848.831
meta_All F_CSessile_Wood -0.138 -12.922 0.871 0.247 -0.373 0.096 98.742 14.661 0.000 84.082 6.428 20.321 20.380 0.119 1848.831
meta_R_All F_CAlgae_Rock 0.083 8.650 1.086 0.593 -0.222 0.388 67.527 0.008 42.555 24.964 13.584 68.052 13.684 0.188 73.801
meta_R_All F_CAlgae_Wood -0.012 -1.175 0.988 0.942 -0.332 0.308 67.527 0.008 42.555 24.964 13.584 68.052 13.684 0.188 73.801
meta_R_All F_CBenthic_Biogenic 0.000 0.000 1.000 1.000 -0.447 0.447 67.527 0.008 42.555 24.964 13.584 68.052 13.684 0.188 73.801
meta_R_All F_CBenthic_Rock 0.107 11.291 1.113 0.476 -0.187 0.401 67.527 0.008 42.555 24.964 13.584 68.052 13.684 0.188 73.801
meta_R_All F_CFish_Rock 0.014 1.418 1.014 0.896 -0.197 0.225 67.527 0.008 42.555 24.964 13.584 68.052 13.684 0.188 73.801
meta_R_All F_CFish_Wood -0.027 -2.628 0.974 0.936 -0.674 0.620 67.527 0.008 42.555 24.964 13.584 68.052 13.684 0.188 73.801
meta_R_All F_CInvert_Rock 0.054 5.591 1.056 0.613 -0.156 0.265 67.527 0.008 42.555 24.964 13.584 68.052 13.684 0.188 73.801
meta_R_All F_CInvert_Wood -0.408 -33.520 0.665 0.012 -0.728 -0.089 67.527 0.008 42.555 24.964 13.584 68.052 13.684 0.188 73.801
meta_R_All F_CSessile_Rock -0.044 -4.342 0.957 0.667 -0.247 0.158 67.527 0.008 42.555 24.964 13.584 68.052 13.684 0.188 73.801
meta_R_All F_CSessile_Wood -0.089 -8.530 0.915 0.376 -0.286 0.108 67.527 0.008 42.555 24.964 13.584 68.052 13.684 0.188 73.801
meta_CD_F_C F_CAlgae_Rock 0.056 5.772 1.058 0.581 -0.143 0.255 99.014 13.709 0.000 85.305 5.685 18.744 13.934 0.125 1719.147
meta_CD_F_C F_CAlgae_Wood 0.228 25.646 1.256 0.217 -0.134 0.591 99.014 13.709 0.000 85.305 5.685 18.744 13.934 0.125 1719.147
meta_CD_F_C F_CBenthic_Wood -0.615 -45.940 0.541 0.021 -1.136 -0.094 99.014 13.709 0.000 85.305 5.685 18.744 13.934 0.125 1719.147
meta_CD_F_C F_CFish_Rock -0.137 -12.788 0.872 0.570 -0.608 0.335 99.014 13.709 0.000 85.305 5.685 18.744 13.934 0.125 1719.147
meta_CD_F_C F_CInvert_Biogenic -0.358 -30.116 0.699 0.027 -0.676 -0.040 99.014 13.709 0.000 85.305 5.685 18.744 13.934 0.125 1719.147
meta_CD_F_C F_CInvert_Rock -0.004 -0.367 0.996 0.968 -0.183 0.176 99.014 13.709 0.000 85.305 5.685 18.744 13.934 0.125 1719.147
meta_CD_F_C F_CInvert_Wood -0.188 -17.176 0.828 0.109 -0.419 0.042 99.014 13.709 0.000 85.305 5.685 18.744 13.934 0.125 1719.147
meta_CD_F_C F_CSessile_Rock -0.087 -8.336 0.917 0.595 -0.408 0.233 99.014 13.709 0.000 85.305 5.685 18.744 13.934 0.125 1719.147
meta_CD_F_C F_CSessile_Wood -0.004 -0.408 0.996 0.983 -0.370 0.361 99.014 13.709 0.000 85.305 5.685 18.744 13.934 0.125 1719.147
meta_CD_F_C_metal F_CAlgae_Rock 0.056 5.772 1.058 0.581 -0.143 0.255 99.014 13.709 0.000 85.305 5.685 18.744 13.934 0.125 1719.147
meta_CD_F_C_metal F_CFish_Rock -0.137 -12.788 0.872 0.570 -0.608 0.335 99.014 13.709 0.000 85.305 5.685 18.744 13.934 0.125 1719.147
meta_CD_F_C_metal F_CInvert_Rock -0.004 -0.367 0.996 0.968 -0.183 0.176 99.014 13.709 0.000 85.305 5.685 18.744 13.934 0.125 1719.147
meta_CD_F_C_metal F_CSessile_Rock -0.087 -8.336 0.917 0.595 -0.408 0.233 99.014 13.709 0.000 85.305 5.685 18.744 13.934 0.125 1719.147
meta_CD_F_C_metal F_CAlgae_Wood 0.228 25.646 1.256 0.217 -0.134 0.591 99.014 13.709 0.000 85.305 5.685 18.744 13.934 0.125 1719.147
meta_CD_F_C_metal F_CBenthic_Wood -0.615 -45.940 0.541 0.021 -1.136 -0.094 99.014 13.709 0.000 85.305 5.685 18.744 13.934 0.125 1719.147
meta_CD_F_C_metal F_CInvert_Wood -0.188 -17.176 0.828 0.109 -0.419 0.042 99.014 13.709 0.000 85.305 5.685 18.744 13.934 0.125 1719.147
meta_CD_F_C_metal F_CSessile_Wood -0.004 -0.408 0.996 0.983 -0.370 0.361 99.014 13.709 0.000 85.305 5.685 18.744 13.934 0.125 1719.147
meta_CD_F_C_metal F_CInvert_Biogenic -0.358 -30.116 0.699 0.027 -0.676 -0.040 99.014 13.709 0.000 85.305 5.685 18.744 13.934 0.125 1719.147

Plot for CD_F_C

plot_F_C_CD_reduced_metal

Plot for R_F_C

plot_R_F_C

7.12 Check Interaction: C:T:Func

Evidence that there is not enough data to do the three way interaction.

Abundance (CD)

# check a table of all three factors:
#CD - Abundance
table(meta_CD_All$Function, meta_CD_All$Control, meta_CD_All$Treatment)
## , ,  = Clay
## 
##          
##           Biogenic Rock Wood
##   Algae          0   18    4
##   Benthic        2    1    0
##   Fish           0    0    0
##   Invert         4   22   24
##   Sessile        0    3    0
## 
## , ,  = Concrete
## 
##          
##           Biogenic Rock Wood
##   Algae          0  123    0
##   Benthic        0    1    0
##   Fish           1    7    0
##   Invert        21  105   65
##   Sessile        0   17   14
## 
## , ,  = Metal
## 
##          
##           Biogenic Rock Wood
##   Algae          0    6    6
##   Benthic        0    0    0
##   Fish           0    0    0
##   Invert        19    6   17
##   Sessile        0    1    1
## 
## , ,  = Polymer
## 
##          
##           Biogenic Rock Wood
##   Algae          1   26   10
##   Benthic        0    0    8
##   Fish           0    1    0
##   Invert        29   39  105
##   Sessile        0    9    9

Richness (R)

#R - Richness only
table(meta_R_All$Function, meta_R_All$Control, meta_R_All$Treatment)
## , ,  = Clay
## 
##          
##           Biogenic Rock Wood
##   Algae          0    0    0
##   Benthic        0    0    0
##   Fish           0    0    0
##   Invert         0    0    0
##   Sessile        0    5    4
## 
## , ,  = Concrete
## 
##          
##           Biogenic Rock Wood
##   Algae          0    3    0
##   Benthic        0    4    0
##   Fish           0    4    0
##   Invert         0    3    0
##   Sessile        0    1    5
## 
## , ,  = Metal
## 
##          
##           Biogenic Rock Wood
##   Algae          0    1    1
##   Benthic        0    0    0
##   Fish           0    6    6
##   Invert         0    1    1
##   Sessile        0    1    5
## 
## , ,  = Polymer
## 
##          
##           Biogenic Rock Wood
##   Algae          0    1    1
##   Benthic        1    3    0
##   Fish           0    7    6
##   Invert         0    1    1
##   Sessile        0    7    9

7.13 Adding Publication Year

Including a check for time lag bias in all published works. Using the publication year to do this.

Not significant = no time lag bias.

#Check if year needs a transform:
qqnorm(meta$Year)
qqline(meta$Year)
qqnorm(sqrt(meta$Year))
qqline(sqrt(meta$Year))
qqnorm(log10(meta$Year))
qqline(log10(meta$Year))
#t he transforms don't change the data much, so leaving as is. ie- no transform


#continuous - YEAR 
#Continuous moderator can't have -1 - as we don't want to remove the intercept for a slope. 
#Therefore leave intercept in for this set of models.  


models_year <- map2(
  data_list,
  vcv_matrices,
  ~ rma.mv(
    yi = yi,
    V = .y,
    data = .x,
    mods = ~ scale(Year),     # we scale year to centre it, otherwise the intercept tries to represent year 0 which doesn't make much sense here. 
    random = list(~ 1 | Study, ~ 1 | Exp_ID, ~ 1 | Effect_ID),
    method = "REML",
    control=list(optimizer="optim")
  )
) 

#Summary table
it <- seq_len(length(models_year))
regres_year <- lapply(
  it,
  FUN = function(x) {
    sum <- summary(models_year[[x]])
    sum_I2 <- i2_ml(models_year[[x]], method = "ns")
    sum_R2 <- r2_ml(models_year[[x]])
    res <- data.frame(
      name = names(models_year[x]),
      effectname = attr(sum$beta, "dimnames")[[1]],
      beta = as.numeric(sum$beta),
      percentage_increase_or_decrease_on_Artificial = (exp(sum$beta)-1)*100,
      real.effect.value_exp_beta = exp(sum$beta), 
      pval = sum$pval,
      ci.lb = sum$ci.lb,
      ci.ub = sum$ci.ub,
      I2_total = sum_I2[[1]] * 100,
      I2_study = sum_I2[[2]] * 100,
      I2_Exp_ID = sum_I2[[3]] * 100,
      I2_Effect_ID = sum_I2[[4]] * 100,
      R2_marginal_fixed = sum_R2[[1]] * 100,
      R2_conditional_fixed_random = sum_R2[[2]] * 100,
      Moderator_significance_stat = sum$QM,
      Moderator_significance_pval = sum$QMp,
      AIC = models_year[[x]]$fit.stats$REML[3],
      row.names=NULL
    ) 
    return(res)
    
  }
)
regresdf_year <- bind_rows(regres_year)
write.csv(regresdf_year, file = "./outputs/natural/summ_year.csv")

#not significant for meta_all. 


##### 
## PLot of Year - Bubble plot
#####

#A scatter plot of log duration and effect size. 
#Using the predict.rma function, which requires a model (rma.mv)
# Examples from file:///C:/Users/MQ45014051/OneDrive%20-%20Macquarie%20University/PhD/16_Meta_Analysis_Materials/Working/Analysis/Shinichi/electronic-supplementary-materials.html
# to get the precision on this plot, ie 1/SE.. we need SE.. and for SE we need N.
# SE is then sqrt(var/N)

#pred_host_range_link_ratio <-predict.rma(mr_host_range_link_ratio) rma.mv output

pred_year<- predict.rma(models_year$meta_All)
 
# plotting

fig_year <-  meta_All %>%
    data.frame(.,
    ymin = pred_year$ci.lb,
    ymax = pred_year$ci.ub,
    ymin2 = pred_year$cr.lb,
    ymax2 = pred_year$cr.ub,
    pred = pred_year$pred
  ) %>%
  ggplot(aes(
    x = Year,
    y = yi,                     #yi = effect size
    size = 1/sqrt(vi/Replicates),        # precision: 1/SE /was (1 / yi) + 3 - which doesn;t make sense.
                                # we can use sample size N (ie number of replicates)
    
  )) +
  geom_point(shape = 21, fill = "grey90") +
  #geom_ribbon(aes(ymin = ymin, ymax = ymax), fill = "#0072B2")  + # not quite sure why this does not work
  geom_smooth(
    aes(y = ymin2),
    method =  "loess",
    se = FALSE,
    lty =  "dotted",
    lwd = 0.25,
    colour = "#0072B2"
  ) +
  geom_smooth(
    aes(y = ymax2),
    method =  "loess",
    se = FALSE,
    lty = "dotted",
    lwd = 0.25,
    colour = "#0072B2"
  ) +
  geom_smooth(
    aes(y = ymin),
    method =  "loess",
    se = FALSE,
    lty = "dotted",
    lwd = 0.25,
    colour = "#D55E00"
  ) +
  geom_smooth(
    aes(y = ymax),
    method =  "loess",
    se = FALSE,
    lty = "dotted",
    lwd = 0.25,
    colour = "#D55E00"
  ) +
  geom_smooth(
    aes(y = pred),
    method =  "loess",
    se = FALSE,
    lty = "dashed",
    lwd = 0.5,
    colour = "black"
  ) +
  #ylim(-1, 2) + xlim(-0.05, 2) +
  #geom_abline(intercept = mr_Duration..months.$beta[[1]], slope = mr_Duration..months.$beta[[2]], alpha = 0.7, linetype = "dashed", size = 0.5) +
  labs(x = "Publication Year",
       y = expression(paste(italic(yi), " (effect size)")),
       size = expression(paste(italic(1/se), " (precision)"))) +
  guides(fill = "none", colour = "none") +
  # themes
  theme_bw() +
  theme(legend.position = c(1, 1),
        legend.justification = c(1, 1)) +
  theme(legend.direction = "horizontal") +
  #theme(legend.background = element_rect(fill = "white", colour = "black")) +
  theme(legend.background = element_blank()) +
  theme(axis.text.y = element_text(
    size = 10,
    colour = "black",
    hjust = 0.5,
    angle = 90
  )) 

fig_year  # looks good - no obvious divergence
ggsave(fig_year, filename = "./outputs/natural/Bubble_year.jpg",
       dpi = plot_dpi, width = 10)

Summary of results:

regresdf_year %>%
  kable("html", digits = 3) %>%
  kable_styling("striped", position = "left") %>%
  scroll_box(width = "100%",
             height = "500px")
name effectname beta percentage_increase_or_decrease_on_Artificial real.effect.value_exp_beta pval ci.lb ci.ub I2_total I2_study I2_Exp_ID I2_Effect_ID R2_marginal_fixed R2_conditional_fixed_random Moderator_significance_stat Moderator_significance_pval AIC
meta_All intrcpt -0.064 -6.198 0.938 0.322 -0.191 0.063 98.792 18.058 0.000 80.734 0.002 18.280 0.002 0.964 1859.578
meta_All scale(Year) 0.003 0.280 1.003 0.964 -0.118 0.124 98.792 18.058 0.000 80.734 0.002 18.280 0.002 0.964 1859.578
meta_All_Hab intrcpt -0.032 -3.142 0.969 0.827 -0.318 0.254 99.626 43.431 0.237 55.957 0.192 43.940 0.065 0.799 787.149
meta_All_Hab scale(Year) -0.034 -3.354 0.966 0.799 -0.297 0.229 99.626 43.431 0.237 55.957 0.192 43.940 0.065 0.799 787.149
meta_C_All intrcpt -0.001 -0.130 0.999 0.982 -0.111 0.109 92.378 3.669 1.559 87.149 0.000 5.660 0.000 0.996 1087.936
meta_C_All scale(Year) 0.000 0.027 1.000 0.996 -0.104 0.105 92.378 3.669 1.559 87.149 0.000 5.660 0.000 0.996 1087.936
meta_CD_All intrcpt -0.071 -6.812 0.932 0.318 -0.209 0.068 99.040 17.048 0.000 81.992 0.015 17.226 0.012 0.911 1740.697
meta_CD_All scale(Year) 0.008 0.771 1.008 0.911 -0.127 0.143 99.040 17.048 0.000 81.992 0.015 17.226 0.012 0.911 1740.697
meta_CD_Hab intrcpt -0.032 -3.142 0.969 0.827 -0.318 0.254 99.626 43.431 0.237 55.957 0.192 43.940 0.065 0.799 787.149
meta_CD_Hab scale(Year) -0.034 -3.354 0.966 0.799 -0.297 0.229 99.626 43.431 0.237 55.957 0.192 43.940 0.065 0.799 787.149
meta_D_All intrcpt -0.189 -17.213 0.828 0.205 -0.481 0.103 99.767 29.437 4.575 65.754 0.175 34.207 0.053 0.817 622.812
meta_D_All scale(Year) -0.034 -3.388 0.966 0.817 -0.327 0.258 99.767 29.437 4.575 65.754 0.175 34.207 0.053 0.817 622.812
meta_R_All intrcpt -0.016 -1.629 0.984 0.774 -0.128 0.096 67.614 0.003 33.882 33.729 0.064 50.147 0.013 0.910 65.927
meta_R_All scale(Year) 0.005 0.546 1.005 0.910 -0.089 0.100 67.614 0.003 33.882 33.729 0.064 50.147 0.013 0.910 65.927

Plot

fig_year

7.14 Full model with Interactions

Testing the robustness of all moderators.

##### FUll model with interactions ######
#########################################

# full model and interactions: - UPDATED
model_full_interactions <- rma.mv(
  yi = yi,
  V = vcv_matrices$meta_All,
  data = meta_All,
  mods = ~ F_T + F_C + C_T + log10(Duration..months.+1) + Parameter + scale(Year), 
  random = list(~ 1 | Study, ~ 1 | Exp_ID, ~ 1 | Effect_ID),
  method = "REML",
  control=list(optimizer="optim")
)


# CD_All
model_full_interactions_CD_All <- rma.mv(
  yi = yi,
  V = vcv_matrices$meta_CD_All,
  data = meta_CD_All,
  mods = ~ F_T + F_C + C_T + log10(Duration..months.+1) + scale(Year), 
  random = list(~ 1 | Study, ~ 1 | Exp_ID, ~ 1 | Effect_ID),
  method = "REML",
  control=list(optimizer="optim")
)

# R_All
model_full_interactions_R_All <- rma.mv(
  yi = yi,
  V = vcv_matrices$meta_R_All,
  data = meta_R_All,
  mods = ~ F_T + F_C + C_T + log10(Duration..months.+1) + scale(Year), 
  random = list(~ 1 | Study, ~ 1 | Exp_ID, ~ 1 | Effect_ID),
  method = "REML",
  control=list(optimizer="optim")
)


#Similar moderator significance results.
# This is NB as that's the reason we do these tests, to then compare them with 
# the uni-moderator models. To see how robust the moderator effects are.

sum <- summary(model_full_interactions)
sum_I2 <- i2_ml(model_full_interactions, method = "ns")
sum_R2 <- r2_ml(model_full_interactions)


regres_FULL_interactions <- data.frame(
      effectname = attr(sum$beta, "dimnames")[[1]],
      beta = as.numeric(sum$beta),
      percentage_increase_or_decrease_on_Artificial = (exp(sum$beta)-1)*100,
      real.effect.value_exp_beta = exp(sum$beta),
      pval = sum$pval,
      ci.lb = sum$ci.lb,
      ci.ub = sum$ci.ub,
      I2_total = sum_I2[[1]] * 100,
      I2_study = sum_I2[[2]] * 100,
      I2_Exp_ID = sum_I2[[3]] * 100,
      I2_Effect_ID = sum_I2[[4]] * 100,
      R2_marginal_fixed = sum_R2[[1]] * 100,
      R2_conditional_fixed_random = sum_R2[[2]] * 100,
      Moderator_significance_stat = sum$QM,
      Moderator_significance_pval = sum$QMp,
      AIC = model_full_interactions$fit.stats$REML[3],
      row.names = NULL
    )
write.csv(regres_FULL_interactions, file = "./outputs/natural/summ_FULL_interactions.csv")

# CD_ALL

sum <- summary(model_full_interactions_CD_All)
sum_I2 <- i2_ml(model_full_interactions_CD_All, method = "ns")
sum_R2 <- r2_ml(model_full_interactions_CD_All)


regres_FULL_interactions_CD <- data.frame(
      effectname = attr(sum$beta, "dimnames")[[1]],
      beta = as.numeric(sum$beta),
      percentage_increase_or_decrease_on_Artificial = (exp(sum$beta)-1)*100,
      real.effect.value_exp_beta = exp(sum$beta),
      pval = sum$pval,
      ci.lb = sum$ci.lb,
      ci.ub = sum$ci.ub,
      I2_total = sum_I2[[1]] * 100,
      I2_study = sum_I2[[2]] * 100,
      I2_Exp_ID = sum_I2[[3]] * 100,
      I2_Effect_ID = sum_I2[[4]] * 100,
      R2_marginal_fixed = sum_R2[[1]] * 100,
      R2_conditional_fixed_random = sum_R2[[2]] * 100,
      Moderator_significance_stat = sum$QM,
      Moderator_significance_pval = sum$QMp,
      AIC = model_full_interactions_CD_All$fit.stats$REML[3]
    )
write.csv(regres_FULL_interactions_CD, file = "./outputs/natural/summ_FULL_interactions_CD.csv")

# R_ALL

sum <- summary(model_full_interactions_R_All)
sum_I2 <- i2_ml(model_full_interactions_R_All, method = "ns")
sum_R2 <- r2_ml(model_full_interactions_R_All)


regres_FULL_interactions_R <- data.frame(
      effectname = attr(sum$beta, "dimnames")[[1]],
      beta = as.numeric(sum$beta),
      percentage_increase_or_decrease_on_Artificial = (exp(sum$beta)-1)*100,
      real.effect.value_exp_beta = exp(sum$beta),
      pval = sum$pval,
      ci.lb = sum$ci.lb,
      ci.ub = sum$ci.ub,
      I2_total = sum_I2[[1]] * 100,
      I2_study = sum_I2[[2]] * 100,
      I2_Exp_ID = sum_I2[[3]] * 100,
      I2_Effect_ID = sum_I2[[4]] * 100,
      R2_marginal_fixed = sum_R2[[1]] * 100,
      R2_conditional_fixed_random = sum_R2[[2]] * 100,
      Moderator_significance_stat = sum$QM,
      Moderator_significance_pval = sum$QMp,
      AIC = model_full_interactions_R_All$fit.stats$REML[3]
    )
write.csv(regres_FULL_interactions_R, file = "./outputs/natural/summ_FULL_interactions_R.csv")

Summary of Abundance results (CD):

regres_FULL_interactions_CD %>%
  kable("html", digits = 3) %>%
  kable_styling("striped", position = "left") %>%
  scroll_box(width = "100%",
             height = "500px")
effectname beta percentage_increase_or_decrease_on_Artificial real.effect.value_exp_beta pval ci.lb ci.ub I2_total I2_study I2_Exp_ID I2_Effect_ID R2_marginal_fixed R2_conditional_fixed_random Moderator_significance_stat Moderator_significance_pval AIC
intrcpt intrcpt 2.189 792.321 8.923 0.019 0.366 4.011 99.002 20.718 1.676 76.607 24.487 41.568 81.463 0 1678.345
F_TAlgae_Concrete F_TAlgae_Concrete 0.410 50.747 1.507 0.188 -0.200 1.021 99.002 20.718 1.676 76.607 24.487 41.568 81.463 0 1678.345
F_TAlgae_Metal F_TAlgae_Metal 0.121 12.883 1.129 0.740 -0.594 0.836 99.002 20.718 1.676 76.607 24.487 41.568 81.463 0 1678.345
F_TAlgae_Polymer F_TAlgae_Polymer 0.292 33.902 1.339 0.301 -0.261 0.845 99.002 20.718 1.676 76.607 24.487 41.568 81.463 0 1678.345
F_TBenthic_Clay F_TBenthic_Clay -2.311 -90.084 0.099 0.036 -4.470 -0.152 99.002 20.718 1.676 76.607 24.487 41.568 81.463 0 1678.345
F_TBenthic_Concrete F_TBenthic_Concrete -2.818 -94.026 0.060 0.033 -5.412 -0.224 99.002 20.718 1.676 76.607 24.487 41.568 81.463 0 1678.345
F_TBenthic_Polymer F_TBenthic_Polymer -2.890 -94.440 0.056 0.002 -4.761 -1.018 99.002 20.718 1.676 76.607 24.487 41.568 81.463 0 1678.345
F_TFish_Concrete F_TFish_Concrete -1.818 -83.764 0.162 0.057 -3.690 0.054 99.002 20.718 1.676 76.607 24.487 41.568 81.463 0 1678.345
F_TFish_Polymer F_TFish_Polymer -2.122 -88.025 0.120 0.057 -4.307 0.062 99.002 20.718 1.676 76.607 24.487 41.568 81.463 0 1678.345
F_TInvert_Clay F_TInvert_Clay -2.351 -90.476 0.095 0.012 -4.196 -0.507 99.002 20.718 1.676 76.607 24.487 41.568 81.463 0 1678.345
F_TInvert_Concrete F_TInvert_Concrete -1.892 -84.916 0.151 0.041 -3.706 -0.077 99.002 20.718 1.676 76.607 24.487 41.568 81.463 0 1678.345
F_TInvert_Metal F_TInvert_Metal -2.889 -94.436 0.056 0.002 -4.745 -1.032 99.002 20.718 1.676 76.607 24.487 41.568 81.463 0 1678.345
F_TInvert_Polymer F_TInvert_Polymer -2.472 -91.558 0.084 0.007 -4.283 -0.660 99.002 20.718 1.676 76.607 24.487 41.568 81.463 0 1678.345
F_TSessile_Clay F_TSessile_Clay -2.112 -87.896 0.121 0.038 -4.103 -0.120 99.002 20.718 1.676 76.607 24.487 41.568 81.463 0 1678.345
F_TSessile_Concrete F_TSessile_Concrete -1.792 -83.343 0.167 0.055 -3.623 0.039 99.002 20.718 1.676 76.607 24.487 41.568 81.463 0 1678.345
F_TSessile_Metal F_TSessile_Metal -2.652 -92.948 0.071 0.011 -4.702 -0.602 99.002 20.718 1.676 76.607 24.487 41.568 81.463 0 1678.345
F_TSessile_Polymer F_TSessile_Polymer -2.324 -90.212 0.098 0.015 -4.193 -0.455 99.002 20.718 1.676 76.607 24.487 41.568 81.463 0 1678.345
F_CAlgae_Rock F_CAlgae_Rock -2.099 -87.740 0.123 0.024 -3.920 -0.278 99.002 20.718 1.676 76.607 24.487 41.568 81.463 0 1678.345
F_CAlgae_Wood F_CAlgae_Wood -1.941 -85.640 0.144 0.037 -3.769 -0.113 99.002 20.718 1.676 76.607 24.487 41.568 81.463 0 1678.345
F_CBenthic_Biogenic F_CBenthic_Biogenic 0.035 3.554 1.036 0.964 -1.466 1.536 99.002 20.718 1.676 76.607 24.487 41.568 81.463 0 1678.345
F_CFish_Biogenic F_CFish_Biogenic -0.259 -22.825 0.772 0.752 -1.865 1.347 99.002 20.718 1.676 76.607 24.487 41.568 81.463 0 1678.345
F_CInvert_Biogenic F_CInvert_Biogenic 0.478 61.223 1.612 0.299 -0.425 1.380 99.002 20.718 1.676 76.607 24.487 41.568 81.463 0 1678.345
F_CInvert_Rock F_CInvert_Rock 0.210 23.342 1.233 0.261 -0.156 0.576 99.002 20.718 1.676 76.607 24.487 41.568 81.463 0 1678.345
F_CSessile_Rock F_CSessile_Rock 0.031 3.156 1.032 0.888 -0.400 0.462 99.002 20.718 1.676 76.607 24.487 41.568 81.463 0 1678.345
C_TBiogenic_Concrete C_TBiogenic_Concrete -0.616 -45.989 0.540 0.206 -1.570 0.338 99.002 20.718 1.676 76.607 24.487 41.568 81.463 0 1678.345
C_TBiogenic_Metal C_TBiogenic_Metal -0.307 -26.428 0.736 0.575 -1.381 0.767 99.002 20.718 1.676 76.607 24.487 41.568 81.463 0 1678.345
C_TBiogenic_Polymer C_TBiogenic_Polymer -1.299 -72.719 0.273 0.010 -2.285 -0.313 99.002 20.718 1.676 76.607 24.487 41.568 81.463 0 1678.345
C_TRock_Clay C_TRock_Clay 0.069 7.161 1.072 0.785 -0.429 0.567 99.002 20.718 1.676 76.607 24.487 41.568 81.463 0 1678.345
C_TRock_Concrete C_TRock_Concrete -0.219 -19.678 0.803 0.218 -0.568 0.130 99.002 20.718 1.676 76.607 24.487 41.568 81.463 0 1678.345
C_TRock_Metal C_TRock_Metal 0.095 9.928 1.099 0.742 -0.468 0.657 99.002 20.718 1.676 76.607 24.487 41.568 81.463 0 1678.345
log10(Duration..months. + 1) log10(Duration..months. + 1) -0.181 -16.535 0.835 0.170 -0.439 0.078 99.002 20.718 1.676 76.607 24.487 41.568 81.463 0 1678.345
scale(Year) scale(Year) -0.028 -2.738 0.973 0.730 -0.185 0.130 99.002 20.718 1.676 76.607 24.487 41.568 81.463 0 1678.345

Summary of Richness results (R)

regres_FULL_interactions_R %>%
  kable("html", digits = 3) %>%
  kable_styling("striped", position = "left") %>%
  scroll_box(width = "100%", height = "500px")
effectname beta percentage_increase_or_decrease_on_Artificial real.effect.value_exp_beta pval ci.lb ci.ub I2_total I2_study I2_Exp_ID I2_Effect_ID R2_marginal_fixed R2_conditional_fixed_random Moderator_significance_stat Moderator_significance_pval AIC
intrcpt intrcpt -0.373 -31.099 0.689 0.056 -0.754 0.009 78.966 63.179 12.206 3.581 39.792 97.27 72.468 0 90.852
F_TAlgae_Concrete F_TAlgae_Concrete -0.380 -31.641 0.684 0.406 -1.277 0.516 78.966 63.179 12.206 3.581 39.792 97.27 72.468 0 90.852
F_TAlgae_Metal F_TAlgae_Metal -0.311 -26.743 0.733 0.359 -0.976 0.354 78.966 63.179 12.206 3.581 39.792 97.27 72.468 0 90.852
F_TAlgae_Polymer F_TAlgae_Polymer -0.556 -42.631 0.574 0.099 -1.216 0.104 78.966 63.179 12.206 3.581 39.792 97.27 72.468 0 90.852
F_TBenthic_Concrete F_TBenthic_Concrete 0.754 112.485 2.125 0.009 0.187 1.321 78.966 63.179 12.206 3.581 39.792 97.27 72.468 0 90.852
F_TBenthic_Polymer F_TBenthic_Polymer 0.373 45.139 1.451 0.102 -0.074 0.819 78.966 63.179 12.206 3.581 39.792 97.27 72.468 0 90.852
F_TFish_Concrete F_TFish_Concrete -0.122 -11.470 0.885 0.786 -1.000 0.756 78.966 63.179 12.206 3.581 39.792 97.27 72.468 0 90.852
F_TFish_Metal F_TFish_Metal -0.340 -28.836 0.712 0.510 -1.352 0.671 78.966 63.179 12.206 3.581 39.792 97.27 72.468 0 90.852
F_TFish_Polymer F_TFish_Polymer -0.467 -37.308 0.627 0.278 -1.310 0.376 78.966 63.179 12.206 3.581 39.792 97.27 72.468 0 90.852
F_TInvert_Concrete F_TInvert_Concrete -0.417 -34.067 0.659 0.243 -1.116 0.283 78.966 63.179 12.206 3.581 39.792 97.27 72.468 0 90.852
F_TInvert_Metal F_TInvert_Metal -0.916 -59.978 0.400 0.007 -1.581 -0.251 78.966 63.179 12.206 3.581 39.792 97.27 72.468 0 90.852
F_TInvert_Polymer F_TInvert_Polymer -0.742 -52.378 0.476 0.027 -1.401 -0.083 78.966 63.179 12.206 3.581 39.792 97.27 72.468 0 90.852
F_TSessile_Clay F_TSessile_Clay -0.279 -24.335 0.757 0.180 -0.687 0.129 78.966 63.179 12.206 3.581 39.792 97.27 72.468 0 90.852
F_TSessile_Concrete F_TSessile_Concrete 0.004 0.438 1.004 0.968 -0.208 0.217 78.966 63.179 12.206 3.581 39.792 97.27 72.468 0 90.852
F_TSessile_Metal F_TSessile_Metal -0.255 -22.496 0.775 0.001 -0.404 -0.106 78.966 63.179 12.206 3.581 39.792 97.27 72.468 0 90.852
F_CAlgae_Rock F_CAlgae_Rock 0.182 19.980 1.200 0.157 -0.070 0.434 78.966 63.179 12.206 3.581 39.792 97.27 72.468 0 90.852
F_CBenthic_Biogenic F_CBenthic_Biogenic -0.724 -51.497 0.485 0.193 -1.814 0.367 78.966 63.179 12.206 3.581 39.792 97.27 72.468 0 90.852
F_CFish_Rock F_CFish_Rock 0.086 8.927 1.089 0.788 -0.537 0.708 78.966 63.179 12.206 3.581 39.792 97.27 72.468 0 90.852
F_CInvert_Rock F_CInvert_Rock 0.435 54.522 1.545 0.001 0.186 0.684 78.966 63.179 12.206 3.581 39.792 97.27 72.468 0 90.852
F_CSessile_Rock F_CSessile_Rock 0.101 10.660 1.107 0.271 -0.079 0.282 78.966 63.179 12.206 3.581 39.792 97.27 72.468 0 90.852
C_TRock_Clay C_TRock_Clay 0.231 26.046 1.260 0.307 -0.213 0.676 78.966 63.179 12.206 3.581 39.792 97.27 72.468 0 90.852
C_TRock_Concrete C_TRock_Concrete -0.398 -32.837 0.672 0.011 -0.704 -0.092 78.966 63.179 12.206 3.581 39.792 97.27 72.468 0 90.852
C_TRock_Metal C_TRock_Metal -0.087 -8.311 0.917 0.427 -0.301 0.128 78.966 63.179 12.206 3.581 39.792 97.27 72.468 0 90.852
log10(Duration..months. + 1) log10(Duration..months. + 1) 0.533 70.447 1.704 0.003 0.176 0.891 78.966 63.179 12.206 3.581 39.792 97.27 72.468 0 90.852
scale(Year) scale(Year) -0.043 -4.214 0.958 0.706 -0.267 0.181 78.966 63.179 12.206 3.581 39.792 97.27 72.468 0 90.852

7.14.1 Full Model comparisons

Checking whether the addition of a moderator is significant or not at the whole moderator level, rather than at the sub-level.

# https://stat.ethz.ch/pipermail/r-sig-mixed-models/2014q3/022608.html 
# Viechtbauer, W. (2007). Accounting for heterogeneity via random-effects
# > models and moderator analyses in meta-analysis. Zeitschrift für
# > Psychologie / Journal of Psychology, 215(2), 104-121.
#https://stat.ethz.ch/pipermail/r-help/2011-August/285943.html 
#
# explanation of tests of factors: 
# http://www.metafor-project.org/doku.php/tips:testing_factors_lincoms 

 model_FULL_1 <- model_full_interactions
 #summary(model_FULL_1)


# 
# # F_T
anova(model_FULL_1, btt = 2:18) # Yes moderator F_T is significant (P<0.0001)
## 
## Test of Moderators (coefficients 2:18):
## QM(df = 17) = 50.7092, p-val < .0001
# F_C
anova(model_FULL_1, btt = 19:27) # No moderator F_C is not significant (p = 0.2238)
## 
## Test of Moderators (coefficients 19:27):
## QM(df = 9) = 13.7905, p-val = 0.1300
# C_T
anova(model_FULL_1, btt = 28:33) # Yes moderator C_T is significant (p<0.005)
## 
## Test of Moderators (coefficients 28:33):
## QM(df = 6) = 18.2134, p-val = 0.0057
# Duration
anova(model_FULL_1, btt = 34) # No moderator Duration not significant (p=0.3338)
## 
## Test of Moderators (coefficient 34):
## QM(df = 1) = 0.1639, p-val = 0.6856
# #parameter
anova(model_FULL_1, btt = 35:36) #No moderator parameter not significant (p=0.1368)
## 
## Test of Moderators (coefficients 35:36):
## QM(df = 2) = 5.0171, p-val = 0.0814
# Year
anova(model_FULL_1, btt = 37) # no "year" testing publication bias, is not significant(p=0.690)
## 
## Test of Moderators (coefficient 37):
## QM(df = 1) = 0.1654, p-val = 0.6842
# 
# results show robustness of single moderator model results. Significant
# moderators are: F_T and C_T only. 

# 

7.15 Hab former models:

Created phylogenetic tree from the rotl package examples and using the tree of life database: https://tree.opentreeoflife.org

7.15.1 Phylogenetic tree

For habitat forming species only. As these were listed as individual species.

########################################
## Phylo section ##
########################################

a <- unique(meta_All_Hab$Species_phylo_2) # CD version is the same, so leaving 
# this one list 

# Not all studies were per spp, there were a few that looked at groups 
# of organisms instead, so we've had to use the highest general classification in 
# some cases to ensure all "names" are on the edge of a branch. 

# adding "phylogeny" as a new column for the list of random factors, as the species names as well as the correlation matrix are included as random factors in the model. Based on Shinichi's paper: https://ecoevorxiv.org/su4zv/ 
meta_All_Hab$Phylogeny <- meta_All_Hab$Species_phylo_2
meta_CD_Hab$Phylogeny <- meta_CD_Hab$Species_phylo_2
# meta_D_Hab$Phylogeny <- meta_D_Hab$Species_phylo_2
meta_All_Hab_G_T$Phylogeny <- meta_All_Hab_G_T$Species_phylo_2
meta_All_Hab_G_T_metal$Phylogeny <- meta_All_Hab_G_T_metal$Species_phylo_2
meta_All_Hab_G_C$Phylogeny <- meta_All_Hab_G_C$Species_phylo_2
meta_All_Hab_G_C_metal$Phylogeny <- meta_All_Hab_G_C_metal$Species_phylo_2
# adding phylo to CD versions
meta_CD_Hab_G_T$Phylogeny <- meta_CD_Hab_G_T$Species_phylo_2
meta_CD_Hab_G_T_metal$Phylogeny <- meta_CD_Hab_G_T_metal$Species_phylo_2
meta_CD_Hab_G_C$Phylogeny <- meta_CD_Hab_G_C$Species_phylo_2
meta_CD_Hab_G_C_metal$Phylogeny <- meta_CD_Hab_G_C_metal$Species_phylo_2

##need internet connection for this part
taxa <- tnrs_match_names(names= a)
# create tree
tree <- tol_induced_subtree(ott_ids = ott_id(taxa))
#checking all names are included in the tree
in_tree <- is_in_tree(ott_id(taxa))

#remove ott ids on tipes to match the species ids - for cor matrix. 
tree$tip.label<-strip_ott_ids(tree$tip.label, remove_underscores = TRUE)

#plot tree
plot(tree, cex = .8, label.offset = .1, no.margin = TRUE) 

# add branch lengths to tree for cor matrix
tree <- compute.brlen(tree)
#create cor matrix for use as a random factor. 
cor <- vcv(tree, cor = T)
#cor #to see the correlations

Now add the phylo tree into these models:

#just one hab model 

models_hab_simp <- rma.mv(
  yi = yi,
  V = impute_covariance_matrix(
    vi = meta_All_Hab$vi,     #meta_All_Hab for simple model 
    cluster = meta_All_Hab$Study,
    r = 0.5
  ),
  data = meta_All_Hab,
  random = list(
    ~ 1 | Study,
    ~ 1 | Phylogeny,
    ~ 1 | Species_phylo_2,
    ~ 1 | Exp_ID,
    ~ 1 | Effect_ID
  ),
  R = list(Phylogeny = cor),
  method = "REML",
  control=list(optimizer="optim")
)

# plot
hab_orch_simp <-
  orchard_plot(models_hab_simp, angle = 0, mod = "Int", xlab = "Ratio of means")
#saving plot:
ggsave(filename = "./outputs/natural/hab_orch_simp.tiff",
       plot = hab_orch_simp,
       dpi = plot_dpi, width = 8, height = 8)

# with moderators  - now switch to CD version 
## Group / type  (equivalent to function)
models_hab_grp <-
  rma.mv(
    yi = yi,
    V = impute_covariance_matrix(
      vi = meta_CD_Hab$vi,
      cluster = meta_CD_Hab$Study,
      r = 0.5
    ),
    data = meta_CD_Hab,
    mods = ~ Group - 1,
    random = list(
      ~ 1 | Study,
      ~ 1 | Phylogeny,
      ~ 1 | Species_phylo_2,
      ~ 1 | Exp_ID,
      ~ 1 | Effect_ID
    ),
    R = list(Phylogeny = cor),
    method = "REML",
    control=list(optimizer="optim")
  )
# plot
hab_orch_grp <-
  orchard_plot(models_hab_grp, angle = 0,  mod = "Group", xlab = "Ratio of means")
#saving plots:
ggsave(filename = "./outputs/natural/hab_orch_grp.tiff",
       plot = hab_orch_grp,
       dpi = plot_dpi, width = 10)

## Treatment
models_hab_trt <-
  rma.mv(
    yi = yi,
    V = impute_covariance_matrix(
      vi = meta_CD_Hab$vi,
      cluster = meta_CD_Hab$Study,
      r = 0.5
    ),
    data = meta_CD_Hab,
    mods = ~ Treatment - 1,
    random = list(
      ~ 1 | Study,
      ~ 1 | Phylogeny,
      ~ 1 | Species_phylo_2,
      ~ 1 | Exp_ID,
      ~ 1 | Effect_ID
    ),
    R = list(Phylogeny = cor),
    method = "REML",
    control=list(optimizer="optim")
  )
# plot
hab_orch_trt <-
  orchard_plot(models_hab_trt, angle = 0,  mod = "Treatment", xlab = "Ratio of means")
#saving plots:
ggsave(filename = "./outputs/natural/hab_orch_trt.tiff",
       plot = hab_orch_trt,
       dpi = plot_dpi, width = 10)

#contrasts:
contrast_hab_trt<- 
  summary(glht(
  models_hab_trt,
  linfct = c(
    "TreatmentClay - TreatmentConcrete = 0",
    "TreatmentClay - TreatmentMetal = 0",
    "TreatmentClay - TreatmentPolymer = 0",
    "TreatmentConcrete - TreatmentMetal = 0",
    "TreatmentConcrete - TreatmentPolymer = 0",
    "TreatmentMetal - TreatmentPolymer = 0"
  )
))

## Control
models_hab_cntr <- rma.mv(
  yi = yi,
  V = impute_covariance_matrix(
    vi = meta_CD_Hab$vi,
    cluster = meta_CD_Hab$Study,
    r = 0.5
  ),
  data = meta_CD_Hab,
  mods = ~ Control - 1,
  random = list(
    ~ 1 | Study,
    ~ 1 | Phylogeny,
    ~ 1 | Species_phylo_2,
    ~ 1 | Exp_ID,
    ~ 1 | Effect_ID
  ),
  R = list(Phylogeny = cor),
  method = "REML",
  control=list(optimizer="optim")
)
# plot
hab_orch_cntr <-
  orchard_plot(models_hab_cntr,angle = 0,  mod = "Control", xlab = "Ratio of means")
#saving plots:
ggsave(filename = "./outputs/natural/hab_orch_cntr.tiff",
       plot = hab_orch_cntr,
       dpi = plot_dpi, width = 10)
#contrasts:
contrast_hab_cntr<- 
  summary(glht(
  models_hab_cntr,
  linfct = c(
    "ControlBiogenic - ControlRock = 0",
    "ControlBiogenic - ControlWood = 0",
    "ControlRock - ControlWood = 0"
  )
))

## Duration
models_hab_durat <- rma.mv(
  yi = yi,
  V = impute_covariance_matrix(
    vi = meta_CD_Hab$vi,
    cluster = meta_CD_Hab$Study,
    r = 0.5
  ),
  data = meta_CD_Hab,
  mods = ~ log10(Duration..months. + 1),
  random = list(
    ~ 1 | Study,
    ~ 1 | Phylogeny,
    ~ 1 | Species_phylo_2,
    ~ 1 | Exp_ID,
    ~ 1 | Effect_ID
  ),
  R = list(Phylogeny = cor),
  method = "REML",
  control=list(optimizer="optim")
)
# plot
#need bubble plot

## Publication year (for time lag bias)
models_hab_year <- rma.mv(
  yi = yi,
  V = impute_covariance_matrix(
    vi = meta_CD_Hab$vi,
    cluster = meta_CD_Hab$Study,
    r = 0.5
  ),
  data = meta_CD_Hab,
  mods = ~ scale(Year),
  random = list(
    ~ 1 | Study,
    ~ 1 | Phylogeny,
    ~ 1 | Species_phylo_2,
    ~ 1 | Exp_ID,
    ~ 1 | Effect_ID
  ),
  R = list(Phylogeny = cor),
  method = "REML",
  control=list(optimizer="optim")
)

## Group_Treatment combo.
# removing of terms with <3 data points is above phylogeny section. 

models_hab_G_T_reduced <- rma.mv(
  yi = yi,
  V = impute_covariance_matrix(
    vi = meta_CD_Hab_G_T$vi,
    cluster = meta_CD_Hab_G_T$Study,
    r = 0.5
  ),
  data = meta_CD_Hab_G_T,
  mods = ~ G_T -1,
  random = list(
    ~ 1 | Study,
    ~ 1 | Phylogeny,
    ~ 1 | Species_phylo_2,
    ~ 1 | Exp_ID,
    ~ 1 | Effect_ID
  ),
  R = list(Phylogeny = cor),
  method = "REML",
  control=list(optimizer="optim")
)

models_hab_G_T_reduced_metal <- rma.mv(
  yi = yi,
  V = impute_covariance_matrix(
    vi = meta_CD_Hab_G_T_metal$vi,
    cluster = meta_CD_Hab_G_T_metal$Study,
    r = 0.5
  ),
  data = meta_CD_Hab_G_T_metal,
  mods = ~ G_T -1,
  random = list(
    ~ 1 | Study,
    ~ 1 | Phylogeny,
    ~ 1 | Species_phylo_2,
    ~ 1 | Exp_ID,
    ~ 1 | Effect_ID
  ),
  R = list(Phylogeny = cor),
  method = "REML",
  control=list(optimizer="optim")
)

# #Checking contrasts: 

#G_T reduced: 
#Checking contrasts: 
# See whats available:
table(meta_CD_Hab$G_T)
table(meta_CD_Hab_G_T$G_T)  # this should be reduced 
contrast_hab_G_T_reduced <-
  summary(glht(
    models_hab_G_T_reduced,
    linfct = c(
      #Barnacles
      "G_TBarnacles_Clay - G_TBarnacles_Concrete = 0",
      "G_TBarnacles_Clay- G_TBarnacles_Metal = 0",
      "G_TBarnacles_Clay - G_TBarnacles_Polymer = 0",
      "G_TBarnacles_Concrete - G_TBarnacles_Metal = 0",
      "G_TBarnacles_Concrete - G_TBarnacles_Polymer = 0",
      "G_TBarnacles_Metal - G_TBarnacles_Polymer = 0",
      #Bivalves
      "G_TBivalves_Clay - G_TBivalves_Concrete = 0",
      "G_TBivalves_Clay- G_TBivalves_Metal = 0",
      "G_TBivalves_Clay - G_TBivalves_Polymer = 0",
      "G_TBivalves_Concrete - G_TBivalves_Metal = 0",
      "G_TBivalves_Concrete - G_TBivalves_Polymer = 0",
      "G_TBivalves_Metal - G_TBivalves_Polymer = 0",
      #Corals
      "G_TCorals_Clay - G_TCorals_Concrete = 0",
      "G_TCorals_Clay - G_TCorals_Polymer = 0",
      "G_TCorals_Concrete - G_TCorals_Polymer = 0",
      #Coralline Algae
      "G_TCoralline_Algae_Clay - G_TCoralline_Algae_Concrete = 0",
      "G_TCoralline_Algae_Clay - G_TCoralline_Algae_Polymer = 0",
      "G_TCoralline_Algae_Concrete - G_TCoralline_Algae_Polymer = 0",
      #Tube-forming - only tubeformingConcrete
      # Clay
      "G_TBarnacles_Clay - G_TBivalves_Clay = 0",
      "G_TCorals_Clay- G_TBarnacles_Clay = 0",
      "G_TCoralline_Algae_Clay - G_TBarnacles_Clay = 0",
      "G_TBivalves_Clay - G_TCorals_Clay = 0",
      "G_TBivalves_Clay - G_TCoralline_Algae_Clay = 0",
      "G_TCorals_Clay -  G_TCoralline_Algae_Clay  = 0",
      # Concrete
      "G_TBarnacles_Concrete - G_TBivalves_Concrete = 0",
      "G_TCorals_Concrete- G_TBarnacles_Concrete = 0",
      "G_TCoralline_Algae_Concrete - G_TBarnacles_Concrete = 0",
      "G_TBivalves_Concrete - G_TCorals_Concrete = 0",
      "G_TBivalves_Concrete - G_TCoralline_Algae_Concrete = 0",
      "G_TCorals_Concrete -  G_TCoralline_Algae_Concrete  = 0",
      # Metal
      "G_TBarnacles_Metal - G_TBivalves_Metal = 0",
      # Polymer
      "G_TBarnacles_Polymer - G_TBivalves_Polymer = 0",
      "G_TCorals_Polymer- G_TBarnacles_Polymer = 0",
      "G_TCoralline_Algae_Polymer - G_TBarnacles_Polymer = 0",
      "G_TBivalves_Polymer - G_TCorals_Polymer = 0",
      "G_TBivalves_Polymer - G_TCoralline_Algae_Polymer = 0",
      "G_TCorals_Polymer -  G_TCoralline_Algae_Polymer  = 0"
    )
  ))
contrast_hab_G_T_reduced 

# plotting reduced version: 
#plot

Hab_G_T<- mod_results(models_hab_G_T_reduced, mod="G_T")
Hab_G_T_data <- Hab_G_T$data
Hab_G_T_box<-Hab_G_T$mod_table

plot_Hab_G_T_reduced <- orchard_plot(models_hab_G_T_reduced,
                            mod = "G_T",
                            xlab = "Ratio of means",
                            cb = F, #this allows more colours and therefore more sub levels to be in the plot
                            angle = 0) #
g_col <- c("grey","grey","grey","grey","grey","grey","grey","grey","grey","grey","grey","grey","grey","grey","grey","grey")
plot_Hab_G_T_reduced<-plot_Hab_G_T_reduced +
  scale_fill_manual(values = g_col) +
  scale_colour_manual(values = g_col) #+

plot_Hab_G_T_reduced <- plot_Hab_G_T_reduced +
  ggtitle("Habitat-forming Species") +
  theme(
    axis.text.y = element_text(hjust = 0.95, size = 12),
    plot.title = element_text(size = 14, face = "bold"),
    text = element_text(size = 12)
  )
plot_Hab_G_T_reduced
ggsave(filename = "./outputs/natural/plot_Hab_G_T_reduced_grey.jpg",
       dpi = 320, width = 10, height = 9)

###########################
# PLot metal
############################
#plot
Hab_G_T_metal<- mod_results(models_hab_G_T_reduced_metal, mod="G_T")
Hab_G_T_data_metal <- Hab_G_T_metal$data
Hab_G_T_box_metal<-Hab_G_T_metal$mod_table

plot_Hab_G_T_reduced_metal <- orchard_plot(models_hab_G_T_reduced_metal,
                            mod = "G_T",
                            xlab = "Ratio of means",
                            cb = F, #this allows more colours and therefore more sub levels to be in the plot
                            angle = 0) #
g_col <- c("grey","grey","grey","grey","grey","grey","grey","grey","grey","grey","grey","grey","grey","grey","grey","grey")
plot_Hab_G_T_reduced_metal<-plot_Hab_G_T_reduced_metal +
  scale_fill_manual(values = g_col) +
  scale_colour_manual(values = g_col) #+


plot_Hab_G_T_reduced_metal <- plot_Hab_G_T_reduced_metal +
  ggtitle("Habitat-forming Species") +
  theme(
    axis.text.y = element_text(hjust = 0.95, size = 12),
    plot.title = element_text(size = 14, face = "bold"),
    text = element_text(size = 12)
  )

ggsave(plot_Hab_G_T_reduced_metal, filename = "./outputs/natural/plot_Hab_G_T_reduced_grey_metal.jpg",
       dpi = 320, width = 10, height = 9)


#######################################
# Group_Control
######################################

models_hab_G_C_reduced <- rma.mv(
  yi = yi,
  V = impute_covariance_matrix(
    vi = meta_CD_Hab_G_C$vi,
    cluster = meta_CD_Hab_G_C$Study,
    r = 0.5
  ),
  data = meta_CD_Hab_G_C,
  mods = ~ G_C -1,
  random = list(
    ~ 1 | Study,
    ~ 1 | Phylogeny,
    ~ 1 | Species_phylo_2,
    ~ 1 | Exp_ID,
    ~ 1 | Effect_ID
  ),
  R = list(Phylogeny = cor),
  method = "REML",
  control=list(optimizer="optim")
)

models_hab_G_C_reduced_metal <- rma.mv(
  yi = yi,
  V = impute_covariance_matrix(
    vi = meta_CD_Hab_G_C_metal$vi,
    cluster = meta_CD_Hab_G_C_metal$Study,
    r = 0.5
  ),
  data = meta_CD_Hab_G_C_metal,
  mods = ~ G_C -1,
  random = list(
    ~ 1 | Study,
    ~ 1 | Phylogeny,
    ~ 1 | Species_phylo_2,
    ~ 1 | Exp_ID,
    ~ 1 | Effect_ID
  ),
  R = list(Phylogeny = cor),
  method = "REML",
  control=list(optimizer="optim")
)

#Checking contrasts: 
table(meta_CD_Hab$G_C)
contrast_hab_G_C_reduced <-
  summary(glht(
    models_hab_G_C_reduced,
    linfct = c(
      #Barnacles
      "G_CBarnacles_Rock - G_CBarnacles_Wood = 0",
      #Bivalves
      "G_CBivalves_Biogenic - G_CBivalves_Rock = 0",
      "G_CBivalves_Biogenic- G_CBivalves_Wood = 0",
      "G_CBivalves_Rock - G_CBivalves_Wood = 0",
      #Corals
      "G_CCorals_Biogenic - G_CCorals_Rock = 0",
      #Coralline Algae - just rock
      #Tube-forming - 
      "G_CTube_forming_Rock - G_CTube_forming_Wood = 0",
      #Canopy_Algae only canopy algae Rock
      # Biogenic
      "G_CBivalves_Biogenic - G_CCorals_Biogenic = 0",
      # Rock
      "G_CBarnacles_Rock - G_CBivalves_Rock = 0",
      "G_CCorals_Rock- G_CBarnacles_Rock = 0",
      "G_CCoralline_Algae_Rock - G_CBarnacles_Rock = 0",
      "G_CBivalves_Rock - G_CCorals_Rock = 0",
      "G_CBivalves_Rock - G_CCoralline_Algae_Rock = 0",
      "G_CCorals_Rock -  G_CCoralline_Algae_Rock  = 0",
      "G_CTube_forming_Rock - G_CBarnacles_Rock = 0",
      "G_CTube_forming_Rock - G_CBivalves_Rock = 0",
      "G_CTube_forming_Rock - G_CCorals_Rock = 0",
      "G_CTube_forming_Rock - G_CCoralline_Algae_Rock = 0",
      "G_CTube_forming_Rock - G_CCanopy_Algae_Rock = 0",
      "G_CCanopy_Algae_Rock - G_CBarnacles_Rock = 0",
      "G_CCanopy_Algae_Rock - G_CBivalves_Rock = 0",
      "G_CCanopy_Algae_Rock - G_CCorals_Rock = 0",
      "G_CCanopy_Algae_Rock - G_CCoralline_Algae_Rock = 0", 
      # Wood
      "G_CTube_forming_Wood - G_CBivalves_Wood = 0",
      "G_CBarnacles_Wood - G_CTube_forming_Wood= 0",
      "G_CBivalves_Wood - G_CBarnacles_Wood = 0"
    )
  ))
#contrast_hab_G_C_reduced

# plotting reduced version: 
#plot
Hab_G_C<- mod_results(models_hab_G_C_reduced, mod="G_C")
Hab_G_C_data <- Hab_G_C$data
Hab_G_C_box<-Hab_G_C$mod_table

plot_Hab_G_C_reduced <- orchard_plot(models_hab_G_C_reduced,
                            mod = "G_C",
                            xlab = "Ratio of means",
                            cb = F, #this allows more colours and therefore more sub levels to be in the plot
                            angle = 0) #
g_col <- c("grey","grey","grey","grey","grey","grey","grey","grey","grey","grey","grey")
plot_Hab_G_C_reduced<-plot_Hab_G_C_reduced +
  scale_fill_manual(values = g_col) +
  scale_colour_manual(values = g_col) +
  ggtitle("Habitat-forming Species") +
  theme(
    axis.text.y = element_text(hjust = 0.95, size = 12),
    plot.title = element_text(size = 14, face = "bold"),
    text = element_text(size = 12))


plot_Hab_G_C_reduced
ggsave(plot_Hab_G_C_reduced, filename = "./outputs/natural/plot_Hab_G_C_reduced_grey.jpg",
       dpi = 320, width = 10, height = 9)

#################################
# PLot Metal
################################

#plot
Hab_G_C_metal<- mod_results(models_hab_G_C_reduced_metal, mod="G_C")
Hab_G_C_data_metal <- Hab_G_C_metal$data
Hab_G_C_box_metal<-Hab_G_C_metal$mod_table

plot_Hab_G_C_reduced_metal <- orchard_plot(models_hab_G_C_reduced_metal,
                            mod = "G_C",
                            xlab = "Ratio of means",
                            cb = F, #this allows more colours and therefore more sub levels to be in the plot
                            angle = 0) #
g_col <- c("grey","grey","grey","grey","grey","grey","grey","grey","grey","grey","grey")
plot_Hab_G_C_reduced_metal<-plot_Hab_G_C_reduced_metal +
  scale_fill_manual(values = g_col) +
  scale_colour_manual(values = g_col) +
  ggtitle("Habitat-forming Species") +
  theme(
    axis.text.y = element_text(hjust = 0.95, size = 12),
    plot.title = element_text(size = 14, face = "bold"),
    text = element_text(size = 12))


#plot_Hab_G_C_reduced_metal

ggsave(plot_Hab_G_C_reduced_metal, filename = "./outputs/natural/plot_Hab_G_C_reduced_grey_metal.jpg",
       dpi = 320, width = 10, height = 9)




#######################################
# Control_Treatment HABS
#######################################

models_hab_C_T <- rma.mv(
  yi = yi,
  V = impute_covariance_matrix(
    vi = meta_CD_Hab$vi,
    cluster = meta_CD_Hab$Study,
    r = 0.5
  ),
  data = meta_CD_Hab,
  mods = ~ C_T -1,
  random = list(
    ~ 1 | Study,
    ~ 1 | Phylogeny,
    ~ 1 | Species_phylo_2,
    ~ 1 | Exp_ID,
    ~ 1 | Effect_ID
  ),
  R = list(Phylogeny = cor),
  method = "REML",
  control=list(optimizer="optim")
)


#contrasts
#Checking contrasts: 
#table(meta_CD_Hab$C_T)

contrast_hab_C_T <-
  summary(glht(
    models_hab_C_T,
    linfct = c(
      #Biogenic
      "C_TBiogenic_Clay - C_TBiogenic_Concrete = 0",
      "C_TBiogenic_Clay - C_TBiogenic_Metal = 0",
      "C_TBiogenic_Clay - C_TBiogenic_Polymer = 0",
      "C_TBiogenic_Concrete - C_TBiogenic_Metal = 0",
      "C_TBiogenic_Concrete - C_TBiogenic_Polymer = 0",
      "C_TBiogenic_Metal - C_TBiogenic_Polymer = 0",
      #Rock
      "C_TRock_Clay - C_TRock_Concrete = 0",
      "C_TRock_Clay - C_TRock_Metal = 0",
      "C_TRock_Clay - C_TRock_Polymer = 0",
      "C_TRock_Concrete - C_TRock_Metal = 0",
      "C_TRock_Concrete - C_TRock_Polymer = 0",
      "C_TRock_Metal - C_TRock_Polymer = 0",
      #Wood
      "C_TWood_Clay - C_TWood_Concrete = 0",
      "C_TWood_Clay - C_TWood_Metal = 0",
      "C_TWood_Clay - C_TWood_Polymer = 0",
      "C_TWood_Concrete - C_TWood_Metal = 0",
      "C_TWood_Concrete - C_TWood_Polymer = 0",
      "C_TWood_Metal - C_TWood_Polymer = 0",
      #polymers
      "C_TBiogenic_Polymer - C_TRock_Polymer = 0",
      "C_TBiogenic_Polymer - C_TWood_Polymer = 0",
      "C_TRock_Polymer -  C_TWood_Polymer = 0",
      # metals
      "C_TBiogenic_Metal - C_TRock_Metal = 0",
      "C_TBiogenic_Metal - C_TWood_Metal = 0",
      "C_TRock_Metal -  C_TWood_Metal = 0",
      # Concrete
      "C_TBiogenic_Concrete - C_TRock_Concrete = 0",
      "C_TBiogenic_Concrete - C_TWood_Concrete = 0",
      "C_TRock_Concrete -  C_TWood_Concrete = 0",
      # Clay
      "C_TBiogenic_Clay - C_TRock_Clay = 0",
      "C_TBiogenic_Clay - C_TWood_Clay = 0",
      "C_TRock_Clay -  C_TWood_Clay = 0"
    )
  ))

#contrast_hab_C_T


# plotting reduced version: 
#plot
Hab_C_T<- mod_results(models_hab_C_T, mod="C_T")
Hab_C_T_data <- Hab_C_T$data
Hab_C_T_box<-Hab_C_T$mod_table

plot_Hab_C_T <- orchard_plot(models_hab_C_T,
                            mod = "C_T",
                            xlab = "Ratio of means",
                            cb = F, #this allows more colours and therefore more sub levels to be in the plot
                            angle = 0) #
g_col <- c("grey","grey","grey","grey","grey","grey","grey","grey","grey","grey","grey","grey")
plot_Hab_C_T<-plot_Hab_C_T +
  scale_fill_manual(values = g_col) +
  scale_colour_manual(values = g_col) #+

plot_Hab_C_T <- plot_Hab_C_T + 
   ggtitle("Habitat-forming Species") +
  theme(
    axis.text.y = element_text(hjust = 0.95, size = 12),
    plot.title = element_text(size = 14, face = "bold"),
    text = element_text(size = 12))

ggsave(plot_Hab_C_T, filename = "./outputs/natural/plot_Hab_C_T_grey.jpg",
       dpi = 320, width = 10, height = 9)




######################################################
# Full   - with interactions
#######################################################

# Now switch back to the meta_All_Hab dataset for the full models

# Updated with new contrasts - leaving out single moderators
models_hab_FULL_interactions <- rma.mv(
  yi = yi,
  V = impute_covariance_matrix(
    vi = meta_All_Hab$vi,
    cluster = meta_All_Hab$Study,
    r = 0.5
  ),
  data = meta_All_Hab,
  mods = ~ G_T + G_C + C_T + log10(Duration..months. + 1) + Parameter + scale(Year),  
  random = list(
    ~ 1 | Study,
    ~ 1 | Phylogeny,
    ~ 1 | Species_phylo_2,
    ~ 1 | Exp_ID,
    ~ 1 | Effect_ID
  ),
  R = list(Phylogeny = cor),
  method = "REML",
  control=list(optimizer="optim")
)

## model results: 
hab_all <-
  list(
    models_hab_simp = models_hab_simp,
    models_hab_grp = models_hab_grp,
    models_hab_trt = models_hab_trt,
    models_hab_cntr = models_hab_cntr,
    models_hab_durat = models_hab_durat,
    models_hab_G_T = models_hab_G_T_reduced,  # with study limits
    models_hab_G_C = models_hab_G_C_reduced,
    models_hab_C_T = models_hab_C_T,
    models_hab_FULL_interactions = models_hab_FULL_interactions,
    models_hab_year = models_hab_year
  )
it <- seq_len(length(hab_all))
mods_it <- hab_all
regres_hab <- lapply(
  it,
  FUN = function(x) {
    sum <- summary(mods_it[[x]])
    sum_I2 <- i2_ml(mods_it[[x]], method = "ns")
    sum_R2 <- r2_ml(mods_it[[x]])
    res <- data.frame(
      name = names(mods_it[x]),
      effectname = attr(sum$beta, "dimnames")[[1]],
      beta = as.numeric(sum$beta),
      percentage_increase_or_decrease_on_Artificial = (exp(sum$beta)-1)*100,
      real.effect.value_exp_beta = exp(sum$beta),
      pval = sum$pval,
      ci.lb = sum$ci.lb,
      ci.ub = sum$ci.ub,
      I2_total = sum_I2[[1]] * 100,
      I2_study = sum_I2[[2]] * 100,
      I2_Exp_ID = sum_I2[[3]] * 100,
      I2_Effect_ID = sum_I2[[4]] * 100,
      R2_marginal_fixed = sum_R2[[1]] * 100,
      R2_conditional_fixed_random = sum_R2[[2]] * 100,
      Moderator_significance_stat = sum$QM,
      Moderator_significance_pval = sum$QMp,
      AIC = mods_it[[x]]$fit.stats$REML[3],
      row.names=NULL
    )
    return(res)
    
  }
)
regresdf_HAB <- bind_rows(regres_hab)
write.csv(regresdf_HAB, file = "./outputs/natural/summ_HAB_mods.csv")


#Moderator tests for overall significance: - TO BE UPDATED 
# summary(models_hab_FULL_interactions)
# #Group
# anova(models_hab_FULL, btt = 1:7) # no QM(df = 7) = 11.8317, p-val = 0.1062
# #Treatment **
# anova(models_hab_FULL, btt = c(1,8:10)) # yes QM(df = 4) = 56.2791, p-val < .0001
# #Control
# anova(models_hab_FULL, btt = c(1,11:12)) # no QM(df = 3) = 4.2760, p-val = 0.2332
# #Duration
# anova(models_hab_FULL, btt = 13 ) # no QM(df = 1) = 0.5175, p-val = 0.4719
# #Parameter
# anova(models_hab_FULL, btt =c(1, 14:15)) # yes at the 95% level QM(df = 3) = 9.2789, p-val = 0.0258

Summary of results:

regresdf_HAB %>%
  kable("html", digits = 3) %>%
  kable_styling("striped", position = "left") %>%
  scroll_box(width = "100%",
             height = "500px")
name effectname beta percentage_increase_or_decrease_on_Artificial real.effect.value_exp_beta pval ci.lb ci.ub I2_total I2_study I2_Exp_ID I2_Effect_ID R2_marginal_fixed R2_conditional_fixed_random Moderator_significance_stat Moderator_significance_pval AIC
models_hab_simp intrcpt -0.033 -3.200 0.968 0.841 -0.350 0.285 99.622 34.215 0.000 11.339 0.000 45.727 0.040 0.841 789.511
models_hab_grp GroupBarnacles -0.073 -7.039 0.930 0.868 -0.935 0.789 99.681 35.500 0.001 19.127 4.431 56.806 1.860 0.932 779.437
models_hab_grp GroupBivalves 0.229 25.711 1.257 0.460 -0.378 0.835 99.681 35.500 0.001 19.127 4.431 56.806 1.860 0.932 779.437
models_hab_grp GroupCanopy_Algae -0.132 -12.405 0.876 0.750 -0.949 0.684 99.681 35.500 0.001 19.127 4.431 56.806 1.860 0.932 779.437
models_hab_grp GroupCoralline_Algae 0.068 7.048 1.070 0.884 -0.847 0.984 99.681 35.500 0.001 19.127 4.431 56.806 1.860 0.932 779.437
models_hab_grp GroupCorals -0.282 -24.569 0.754 0.592 -1.313 0.749 99.681 35.500 0.001 19.127 4.431 56.806 1.860 0.932 779.437
models_hab_grp GroupTube_forming -0.345 -29.146 0.709 0.444 -1.226 0.537 99.681 35.500 0.001 19.127 4.431 56.806 1.860 0.932 779.437
models_hab_trt TreatmentClay -0.126 -11.813 0.882 0.531 -0.519 0.267 99.597 37.789 0.000 16.063 26.656 66.314 51.081 0.000 743.266
models_hab_trt TreatmentConcrete 0.318 37.467 1.375 0.077 -0.034 0.671 99.597 37.789 0.000 16.063 26.656 66.314 51.081 0.000 743.266
models_hab_trt TreatmentMetal -0.801 -55.121 0.449 0.001 -1.296 -0.307 99.597 37.789 0.000 16.063 26.656 66.314 51.081 0.000 743.266
models_hab_trt TreatmentPolymer -0.671 -48.878 0.511 0.001 -1.060 -0.282 99.597 37.789 0.000 16.063 26.656 66.314 51.081 0.000 743.266
models_hab_cntr ControlBiogenic -0.289 -25.116 0.749 0.217 -0.749 0.170 99.624 34.945 0.000 10.403 1.618 46.401 2.425 0.489 786.107
models_hab_cntr ControlRock 0.006 0.586 1.006 0.974 -0.341 0.353 99.624 34.945 0.000 10.403 1.618 46.401 2.425 0.489 786.107
models_hab_cntr ControlWood 0.030 3.021 1.030 0.892 -0.398 0.458 99.624 34.945 0.000 10.403 1.618 46.401 2.425 0.489 786.107
models_hab_durat intrcpt -0.209 -18.889 0.811 0.397 -0.693 0.275 99.609 30.966 0.000 12.435 0.908 44.085 0.877 0.349 788.147
models_hab_durat log10(Duration..months. + 1) 0.193 21.302 1.213 0.349 -0.211 0.597 99.609 30.966 0.000 12.435 0.908 44.085 0.877 0.349 788.147
models_hab_G_T G_TBarnacles_Clay 0.389 47.549 1.475 0.235 -0.252 1.030 99.584 62.125 0.003 0.002 33.105 75.499 97.762 0.000 672.087
models_hab_G_T G_TBarnacles_Concrete 0.592 80.780 1.808 0.022 0.085 1.099 99.584 62.125 0.003 0.002 33.105 75.499 97.762 0.000 672.087
models_hab_G_T G_TBarnacles_Metal -0.990 -62.841 0.372 0.014 -1.781 -0.199 99.584 62.125 0.003 0.002 33.105 75.499 97.762 0.000 672.087
models_hab_G_T G_TBarnacles_Polymer -1.001 -63.251 0.367 0.001 -1.577 -0.425 99.584 62.125 0.003 0.002 33.105 75.499 97.762 0.000 672.087
models_hab_G_T G_TBivalves_Clay -0.004 -0.437 0.996 0.988 -0.559 0.551 99.584 62.125 0.003 0.002 33.105 75.499 97.762 0.000 672.087
models_hab_G_T G_TBivalves_Concrete 0.588 80.048 1.800 0.014 0.120 1.057 99.584 62.125 0.003 0.002 33.105 75.499 97.762 0.000 672.087
models_hab_G_T G_TBivalves_Metal -0.550 -42.289 0.577 0.080 -1.166 0.066 99.584 62.125 0.003 0.002 33.105 75.499 97.762 0.000 672.087
models_hab_G_T G_TBivalves_Polymer -0.211 -19.034 0.810 0.454 -0.764 0.342 99.584 62.125 0.003 0.002 33.105 75.499 97.762 0.000 672.087
models_hab_G_T G_TCanopy_Algae_Concrete -0.341 -28.890 0.711 0.403 -1.139 0.458 99.584 62.125 0.003 0.002 33.105 75.499 97.762 0.000 672.087
models_hab_G_T G_TCoralline_Algae_Clay 0.268 30.749 1.307 0.523 -0.554 1.090 99.584 62.125 0.003 0.002 33.105 75.499 97.762 0.000 672.087
models_hab_G_T G_TCoralline_Algae_Concrete -0.144 -13.379 0.866 0.730 -0.960 0.673 99.584 62.125 0.003 0.002 33.105 75.499 97.762 0.000 672.087
models_hab_G_T G_TCoralline_Algae_Polymer 0.297 34.591 1.346 0.482 -0.530 1.125 99.584 62.125 0.003 0.002 33.105 75.499 97.762 0.000 672.087
models_hab_G_T G_TCorals_Clay -0.039 -3.789 0.962 0.942 -1.081 1.004 99.584 62.125 0.003 0.002 33.105 75.499 97.762 0.000 672.087
models_hab_G_T G_TCorals_Concrete -0.256 -22.572 0.774 0.528 -1.050 0.538 99.584 62.125 0.003 0.002 33.105 75.499 97.762 0.000 672.087
models_hab_G_T G_TCorals_Polymer -2.230 -89.252 0.107 0.001 -3.588 -0.873 99.584 62.125 0.003 0.002 33.105 75.499 97.762 0.000 672.087
models_hab_G_T G_TTube_forming_Concrete 0.361 43.456 1.435 0.182 -0.169 0.891 99.584 62.125 0.003 0.002 33.105 75.499 97.762 0.000 672.087
models_hab_G_C G_CBarnacles_Rock -0.355 -29.869 0.701 0.543 -1.499 0.790 99.731 33.365 0.008 28.021 4.864 63.430 8.147 0.700 765.868
models_hab_G_C G_CBarnacles_Wood 0.125 13.269 1.133 0.823 -0.969 1.218 99.731 33.365 0.008 28.021 4.864 63.430 8.147 0.700 765.868
models_hab_G_C G_CBivalves_Biogenic 0.049 5.047 1.050 0.920 -0.911 1.009 99.731 33.365 0.008 28.021 4.864 63.430 8.147 0.700 765.868
models_hab_G_C G_CBivalves_Rock 0.401 49.372 1.494 0.390 -0.513 1.316 99.731 33.365 0.008 28.021 4.864 63.430 8.147 0.700 765.868
models_hab_G_C G_CBivalves_Wood 0.089 9.280 1.093 0.845 -0.803 0.981 99.731 33.365 0.008 28.021 4.864 63.430 8.147 0.700 765.868
models_hab_G_C G_CCanopy_Algae_Rock -0.210 -18.942 0.811 0.667 -1.166 0.746 99.731 33.365 0.008 28.021 4.864 63.430 8.147 0.700 765.868
models_hab_G_C G_CCoralline_Algae_Rock -0.066 -6.405 0.936 0.909 -1.202 1.070 99.731 33.365 0.008 28.021 4.864 63.430 8.147 0.700 765.868
models_hab_G_C G_CCorals_Biogenic -0.481 -38.176 0.618 0.538 -2.011 1.049 99.731 33.365 0.008 28.021 4.864 63.430 8.147 0.700 765.868
models_hab_G_C G_CCorals_Rock -0.156 -14.403 0.856 0.822 -1.513 1.202 99.731 33.365 0.008 28.021 4.864 63.430 8.147 0.700 765.868
models_hab_G_C G_CTube_forming_Rock -0.171 -15.715 0.843 0.769 -1.312 0.970 99.731 33.365 0.008 28.021 4.864 63.430 8.147 0.700 765.868
models_hab_G_C G_CTube_forming_Wood -0.576 -43.790 0.562 0.320 -1.710 0.558 99.731 33.365 0.008 28.021 4.864 63.430 8.147 0.700 765.868
models_hab_C_T C_TBiogenic_Clay 0.234 26.424 1.264 0.583 -0.603 1.072 99.596 41.005 0.009 15.481 28.562 69.801 78.547 0.000 721.431
models_hab_C_T C_TBiogenic_Concrete 0.162 17.530 1.175 0.550 -0.368 0.691 99.596 41.005 0.009 15.481 28.562 69.801 78.547 0.000 721.431
models_hab_C_T C_TBiogenic_Metal -0.593 -44.716 0.553 0.167 -1.433 0.248 99.596 41.005 0.009 15.481 28.562 69.801 78.547 0.000 721.431
models_hab_C_T C_TBiogenic_Polymer -1.061 -65.399 0.346 0.003 -1.766 -0.357 99.596 41.005 0.009 15.481 28.562 69.801 78.547 0.000 721.431
models_hab_C_T C_TRock_Clay 0.076 7.938 1.079 0.762 -0.419 0.572 99.596 41.005 0.009 15.481 28.562 69.801 78.547 0.000 721.431
models_hab_C_T C_TRock_Concrete 0.224 25.047 1.250 0.249 -0.157 0.604 99.596 41.005 0.009 15.481 28.562 69.801 78.547 0.000 721.431
models_hab_C_T C_TRock_Metal -0.337 -28.634 0.714 0.589 -1.561 0.886 99.596 41.005 0.009 15.481 28.562 69.801 78.547 0.000 721.431
models_hab_C_T C_TRock_Polymer 0.125 13.271 1.133 0.673 -0.455 0.704 99.596 41.005 0.009 15.481 28.562 69.801 78.547 0.000 721.431
models_hab_C_T C_TWood_Clay 0.036 3.697 1.037 0.900 -0.529 0.602 99.596 41.005 0.009 15.481 28.562 69.801 78.547 0.000 721.431
models_hab_C_T C_TWood_Concrete 0.532 70.247 1.702 0.023 0.072 0.992 99.596 41.005 0.009 15.481 28.562 69.801 78.547 0.000 721.431
models_hab_C_T C_TWood_Metal -0.915 -59.930 0.401 0.003 -1.524 -0.305 99.596 41.005 0.009 15.481 28.562 69.801 78.547 0.000 721.431
models_hab_C_T C_TWood_Polymer -0.779 -54.129 0.459 0.003 -1.288 -0.271 99.596 41.005 0.009 15.481 28.562 69.801 78.547 0.000 721.431
models_hab_FULL_interactions intrcpt 0.542 71.948 1.719 0.534 -1.167 2.251 99.560 61.598 0.000 0.040 51.659 82.251 174.840 0.000 657.516
models_hab_FULL_interactions G_TBarnacles_Concrete 0.277 31.914 1.319 0.293 -0.239 0.793 99.560 61.598 0.000 0.040 51.659 82.251 174.840 0.000 657.516
models_hab_FULL_interactions G_TBarnacles_Metal -1.374 -74.685 0.253 0.001 -2.185 -0.562 99.560 61.598 0.000 0.040 51.659 82.251 174.840 0.000 657.516
models_hab_FULL_interactions G_TBarnacles_Polymer -1.424 -75.927 0.241 0.000 -1.879 -0.970 99.560 61.598 0.000 0.040 51.659 82.251 174.840 0.000 657.516
models_hab_FULL_interactions G_TBivalves_Clay -0.107 -10.104 0.899 0.921 -2.215 2.002 99.560 61.598 0.000 0.040 51.659 82.251 174.840 0.000 657.516
models_hab_FULL_interactions G_TBivalves_Concrete 0.680 97.397 1.974 0.418 -0.966 2.326 99.560 61.598 0.000 0.040 51.659 82.251 174.840 0.000 657.516
models_hab_FULL_interactions G_TBivalves_Metal -0.508 -39.804 0.602 0.575 -2.283 1.268 99.560 61.598 0.000 0.040 51.659 82.251 174.840 0.000 657.516
models_hab_FULL_interactions G_TBivalves_Polymer -0.148 -13.791 0.862 0.878 -2.050 1.754 99.560 61.598 0.000 0.040 51.659 82.251 174.840 0.000 657.516
models_hab_FULL_interactions G_TCanopy_Algae_Concrete -0.980 -62.466 0.375 0.434 -3.436 1.476 99.560 61.598 0.000 0.040 51.659 82.251 174.840 0.000 657.516
models_hab_FULL_interactions G_TCoralline_Algae_Clay -0.969 -62.052 0.379 0.515 -3.885 1.947 99.560 61.598 0.000 0.040 51.659 82.251 174.840 0.000 657.516
models_hab_FULL_interactions G_TCoralline_Algae_Concrete -0.827 -56.285 0.437 0.510 -3.286 1.631 99.560 61.598 0.000 0.040 51.659 82.251 174.840 0.000 657.516
models_hab_FULL_interactions G_TCoralline_Algae_Polymer -0.493 -38.935 0.611 0.622 -2.454 1.468 99.560 61.598 0.000 0.040 51.659 82.251 174.840 0.000 657.516
models_hab_FULL_interactions G_TCorals_Clay -0.423 -34.493 0.655 0.783 -3.432 2.586 99.560 61.598 0.000 0.040 51.659 82.251 174.840 0.000 657.516
models_hab_FULL_interactions G_TCorals_Concrete -0.349 -29.450 0.705 0.791 -2.930 2.233 99.560 61.598 0.000 0.040 51.659 82.251 174.840 0.000 657.516
models_hab_FULL_interactions G_TCorals_Metal 2.222 822.837 9.228 0.116 -0.549 4.993 99.560 61.598 0.000 0.040 51.659 82.251 174.840 0.000 657.516
models_hab_FULL_interactions G_TCorals_Polymer -0.816 -55.771 0.442 0.546 -3.462 1.830 99.560 61.598 0.000 0.040 51.659 82.251 174.840 0.000 657.516
models_hab_FULL_interactions G_TTube_forming_Concrete -0.069 -6.641 0.934 0.937 -1.777 1.640 99.560 61.598 0.000 0.040 51.659 82.251 174.840 0.000 657.516
models_hab_FULL_interactions G_TTube_forming_Metal -2.130 -88.122 0.119 0.032 -4.081 -0.180 99.560 61.598 0.000 0.040 51.659 82.251 174.840 0.000 657.516
models_hab_FULL_interactions G_TTube_forming_Polymer -2.291 -89.881 0.101 0.021 -4.236 -0.346 99.560 61.598 0.000 0.040 51.659 82.251 174.840 0.000 657.516
models_hab_FULL_interactions G_CBarnacles_Rock -0.437 -35.405 0.646 0.701 -2.670 1.796 99.560 61.598 0.000 0.040 51.659 82.251 174.840 0.000 657.516
models_hab_FULL_interactions G_CBarnacles_Wood 0.414 51.259 1.513 0.621 -1.227 2.054 99.560 61.598 0.000 0.040 51.659 82.251 174.840 0.000 657.516
models_hab_FULL_interactions G_CBivalves_Biogenic 0.493 63.745 1.637 0.437 -0.751 1.738 99.560 61.598 0.000 0.040 51.659 82.251 174.840 0.000 657.516
models_hab_FULL_interactions G_CBivalves_Rock -0.307 -26.467 0.735 0.736 -2.092 1.478 99.560 61.598 0.000 0.040 51.659 82.251 174.840 0.000 657.516
models_hab_FULL_interactions G_CCoralline_Algae_Biogenic 2.678 1356.009 14.560 0.064 -0.157 5.513 99.560 61.598 0.000 0.040 51.659 82.251 174.840 0.000 657.516
models_hab_FULL_interactions G_CCorals_Biogenic 0.435 54.432 1.544 0.742 -2.149 3.018 99.560 61.598 0.000 0.040 51.659 82.251 174.840 0.000 657.516
models_hab_FULL_interactions G_CTube_forming_Biogenic 0.333 39.569 1.396 0.691 -1.309 1.976 99.560 61.598 0.000 0.040 51.659 82.251 174.840 0.000 657.516
models_hab_FULL_interactions G_CTube_forming_Rock 0.003 0.343 1.003 0.997 -1.833 1.840 99.560 61.598 0.000 0.040 51.659 82.251 174.840 0.000 657.516
models_hab_FULL_interactions C_TBiogenic_Concrete -0.548 -42.207 0.578 0.379 -1.771 0.674 99.560 61.598 0.000 0.040 51.659 82.251 174.840 0.000 657.516
models_hab_FULL_interactions C_TBiogenic_Metal -1.885 -84.812 0.152 0.050 -3.772 0.002 99.560 61.598 0.000 0.040 51.659 82.251 174.840 0.000 657.516
models_hab_FULL_interactions C_TBiogenic_Polymer -2.050 -87.126 0.129 0.020 -3.780 -0.320 99.560 61.598 0.000 0.040 51.659 82.251 174.840 0.000 657.516
models_hab_FULL_interactions C_TRock_Clay 0.473 60.486 1.605 0.617 -1.380 2.326 99.560 61.598 0.000 0.040 51.659 82.251 174.840 0.000 657.516
models_hab_FULL_interactions C_TRock_Concrete 0.186 20.501 1.205 0.837 -1.594 1.967 99.560 61.598 0.000 0.040 51.659 82.251 174.840 0.000 657.516
models_hab_FULL_interactions C_TRock_Metal 0.239 26.942 1.269 0.763 -1.315 1.792 99.560 61.598 0.000 0.040 51.659 82.251 174.840 0.000 657.516
models_hab_FULL_interactions log10(Duration..months. + 1) 0.146 15.679 1.157 0.465 -0.245 0.536 99.560 61.598 0.000 0.040 51.659 82.251 174.840 0.000 657.516
models_hab_FULL_interactions ParameterDensity -0.678 -49.219 0.508 0.014 -1.218 -0.137 99.560 61.598 0.000 0.040 51.659 82.251 174.840 0.000 657.516
models_hab_FULL_interactions scale(Year) -0.100 -9.530 0.905 0.603 -0.477 0.277 99.560 61.598 0.000 0.040 51.659 82.251 174.840 0.000 657.516
models_hab_year intrcpt -0.032 -3.187 0.968 0.846 -0.359 0.294 99.636 36.538 0.000 11.143 0.000 47.855 0.000 0.999 787.907
models_hab_year scale(Year) 0.000 -0.019 1.000 0.999 -0.264 0.264 99.636 36.538 0.000 11.143 0.000 47.855 0.000 0.999 787.907

hab_orch_grp (habitat forming group)

hab_orch_grp <-
  orchard_plot(models_hab_grp, angle = 0, mod = "Group", xlab = "Ratio of means")
hab_orch_grp

hab_orch_cntr

hab_orch_cntr <-
  orchard_plot(models_hab_cntr,angle = 0,  mod = "Control", xlab = "Ratio of means")
hab_orch_cntr

hab_orch_trt

hab_orch_trt <-
  orchard_plot(models_hab_trt,angle = 0,  mod = "Treatment", xlab = "Ratio of means")
hab_orch_trt

Plot for CD_C_T

plot_Hab_C_T

Plot for R_C_T

plot_Hab_G_C_reduced_metal

plot_Hab_G_T_reduced_metal

plot_Hab_G_T_reduced_metal

8 SAVE MODEL RESULTS

Saving as R data workspace objects

models_list <- mget(ls(pattern = "^model+"))

# try model use c()

# save(meta_All, simp, simp_mods, models_cntrl, models_treat, models_func, models_duration_contin, models_FULL, models_C_T, models_F_T, models_hab_cntr,models_hab_durat, models_hab_grp, models_hab_simp, models_hab_trt, models_hab_G_T, file = "./outputs/natural/model_results.RData")
save(meta_All, simp_mods, models_list, file = "./outputs/natural/model_results.RData")

# RELOAD - if starting from here
# # clear environment
# rm(list=ls())
# # load model results and meta
# (load("./outputs/natural/model_results.RData"))
# meta<-readRDS("./outputs/natural/meta.rds")

9 PUBLICATION BIAS

This is important for testing whether only significant results were published. If this s the case, the results can be skewed in favour of significant results and create false positives or negatives - ie you’re not getting the full picture. This can be tested visually using a Funnel plot and then quantitatively using a trim and fill method. Both of the methods assume independence between effect sizes. If this is not the case, then the residuals from the full model can be used.

Funnel plot shows the effect size on the x axis and a measure of precision of the observed effect size on the y axis.

funnel() has std error on y by default.

9.1 Funnel Plots

#Simple models
jpeg("./outputs/natural/funnel_simp_mod.jpg", width =600, height = 600)
par(cex = 1.4)
funnel(
  simp_mods$meta_All,
  yaxis = "sei",
  level = c(90, 95, 99),
  shade = c("white",
            "gray55", "gray75"),
  refline = 0,
  legend = TRUE
) 
dev.off()

#Full model with interactions
jpeg("./outputs/natural/funnel_models_FULL_interactions.jpg", width = 600, height = 600)
par(cex = 1.4)
funnel(
  model_full_interactions,
  yaxis = "seinv",
  level = c(90, 95, 99),
  shade = c("white",
            "gray55", "gray75"),
  refline = 0,
  legend = TRUE
)
dev.off()

# grid.echo()
# funnel_models_FULL <- grid.grab()

# Funnel Plots HAB SIMP
jpeg("./outputs/natural/funnel_HAB_simp_mod.jpg", width = 600, height = 600)
par(cex = 1.4)
funnel(
  models_hab_simp,
  yaxis = "sei",
  level = c(90, 95, 99),
  shade = c("white",
            "gray55", "gray75"),
  refline = 0,
  legend = TRUE
) 
dev.off()

# Funnel Plots HAB FULL
jpeg("./outputs/natural/funnel_HAB_full_interactions_mod.jpg", width = 600, height = 600)
par(cex = 1.4)
funnel(
  models_hab_FULL_interactions,
  yaxis = "sei",
  level = c(90, 95, 99),
  shade = c("white",
            "gray55", "gray75"),
  refline = 0,
  legend = TRUE
) 
dev.off()

# Funnel plot CD_all_simp - size 500 x 500
jpeg("./outputs/natural/funnel_models_CD_all_simp.jpg", width = 600, height = 600)
par(cex = 1.4)
funnel(
  simp_mods$meta_CD_All,
  yaxis = "seinv",
  level = c(90, 95, 99),
  shade = c("white",
            "gray55", "gray75"),
  refline = 0,
  legend = TRUE
) 
dev.off()

# with SEI
jpeg("./outputs/natural/funnel_models_CD_all_simp_sei.jpg", width = 600, height = 600)
par(cex = 1.4)
funnel(
  simp_mods$meta_CD_All,
  yaxis = "sei",
  level = c(90, 95, 99),
  shade = c("white",
            "gray55", "gray75"),
  refline = 0,
  legend = TRUE
) 
dev.off()

# Funnel plot CD_all_FULL
jpeg("./outputs/natural/funnel_models_CD_all_FULL.jpg", width = 600, height = 600)
par(cex = 1.4)
funnel(
  model_full_interactions_CD_All,
  yaxis = "seinv",
  level = c(90, 95, 99),
  shade = c("white",
            "gray55", "gray75"),
  refline = 0,
  legend = TRUE
) 
dev.off()

#with SEI
jpeg("./outputs/natural/funnel_models_CD_all_FULL_sei.jpg", width = 600, height = 600)
par(cex = 1.4)
funnel(
  model_full_interactions_CD_All,
  yaxis = "sei",
  level = c(90, 95, 99),
  shade = c("white",
            "gray55", "gray75"),
  refline = 0,
  legend = TRUE
) 
dev.off()

# Funnel plot R_all_simp
jpeg("./outputs/natural/funnel_models_R_all_simp.jpg", width = 600, height = 600)
par(cex = 1.4)
funnel(
  simp_mods$meta_R_All,
  yaxis = "seinv",
  level = c(90, 95, 99),
  shade = c("white",
            "gray55", "gray75"),
  refline = 0,
  legend = TRUE
) 
dev.off()

#with SEI
jpeg("./outputs/natural/funnel_models_R_all_simp_sei.jpg", width = 600, height = 600)
par(cex = 1.4)
funnel(
  simp_mods$meta_R_All,
  yaxis = "sei",
  level = c(90, 95, 99),
  shade = c("white",
            "gray55", "gray75"),
  refline = 0,
  legend = TRUE
) 
dev.off()

# Funnel plot R_all_FULL
jpeg("./outputs/natural/funnel_models_R_all_FULL.jpg", width = 600, height = 600)
par(cex = 1.4)
funnel(
  model_full_interactions_R_All,
  yaxis = "seinv",
  level = c(90, 95, 99),
  shade = c("white",
            "gray55", "gray75"),
  refline = 0,
  legend = TRUE
) 
dev.off()

# with SEI
jpeg("./outputs/natural/funnel_models_R_all_FULL_sei.jpg", width = 600, height = 600)
par(cex = 1.4)
funnel(
  model_full_interactions_R_All,
  yaxis = "sei",
  level = c(90, 95, 99),
  shade = c("white",
            "gray55", "gray75"),
  refline = 0,
  legend = TRUE
) 
dev.off()

9.2 Eggers Regression (significance of publication bias)

Have amended the Eggers regression to only look at the significant moderators

### Eggers regression to test significance of publication bias (no intercept)
# testing whether any asymmetries in the funnel plots are significant

#univariate 
# first step, if significant then test multi variate. 
egger_reg_simp <- rma.mv (
  yi = yi,
  V = vcv_matrices$meta_All,
  data = meta_All,
  mods = ~ sqrt(vi),
  random = list( ~ 1 | Study, ~ 1 | Exp_ID, ~ 1 | Effect_ID),
  method = "REML",
  control=list(optimizer="optim")
)
summary(egger_reg_simp) #int not sig
#intercept not significant 


# multi variate
#models_FULL_func_par_interactions
egger_reg_full <- rma.mv (
  yi = yi,
  V = vcv_matrices$meta_All,
  data = meta_All,
  mods = ~ sqrt(vi) + F_T + C_T,
  random = list( ~ 1 | Study, ~ 1 | Exp_ID, ~ 1 | Effect_ID),
  method = "REML",
  control=list(optimizer="optim")
)
summary(egger_reg_full) #int not sig

#Habitat FOrmers - SIMP
egger_reg_HAB_simp <- rma.mv (
  yi = yi,
  V = impute_covariance_matrix(
    vi = meta_All_Hab$vi,
    cluster = meta_All_Hab$Study,
    r = 0.5
  ),
  data = meta_All_Hab,
  mods = ~ sqrt(vi),
  random = list(
    ~ 1 | Study,
    ~ 1 | Phylogeny,
    ~ 1 | Species_phylo,
    ~ 1 | Exp_ID,
    ~ 1 | Effect_ID
  ),
  R = list(Phylogeny = cor),
  method = "REML",
  control=list(optimizer="optim")
)
summary(egger_reg_HAB_simp) #int not sig

#Habitat FOrmers - FULL
egger_reg_HAB_FULL <- rma.mv (
  yi = yi,
  V = impute_covariance_matrix(
    vi = meta_All_Hab$vi,
    cluster = meta_All_Hab$Study,
    r = 0.5
  ),
  data = meta_All_Hab,
  mods = ~ sqrt(vi) + G_T  + C_T,
  random = list(
    ~ 1 | Study,
    ~ 1 | Phylogeny,
    ~ 1 | Species_phylo,
    ~ 1 | Exp_ID,
    ~ 1 | Effect_ID
  ),
  R = list(Phylogeny = cor),
  method = "REML",
  control=list(optimizer="optim")
)
summary(egger_reg_HAB_FULL) #int not sig. 



# intercept is not significant therefore no significant asymmetry in funnel plot.
# Visual inspection of funnel plot is in agreement. 

# Meta_CD_All
egger_reg_simp_CD <- rma.mv (
  yi = yi,
  V = vcv_matrices$meta_CD_All,
  data = meta_CD_All,
  mods = ~ sqrt(vi),
  random = list( ~ 1 | Study, ~ 1 | Exp_ID, ~ 1 | Effect_ID),
  method = "REML",
  control=list(optimizer="optim")
)
summary(egger_reg_simp_CD)

egger_reg_full_CD <- rma.mv (
  yi = yi,
  V = vcv_matrices$meta_CD_All,
  data = meta_CD_All,
  mods = ~ sqrt(vi) + C_T + F_T,
  random = list( ~ 1 | Study, ~ 1 | Exp_ID, ~ 1 | Effect_ID),
  method = "REML",
  control=list(optimizer="optim")
)
summary(egger_reg_full_CD)


# meta_R_All
egger_reg_simp_R <- rma.mv (
  yi = yi,
  V = vcv_matrices$meta_R_All,
  data = meta_R_All,
  mods = ~ sqrt(vi),
  random = list( ~ 1 | Study, ~ 1 | Exp_ID, ~ 1 | Effect_ID),
  method = "REML",
  control=list(optimizer="optim")
)
summary(egger_reg_simp_R)

egger_reg_full_R <- rma.mv (
  yi = yi,
  V = vcv_matrices$meta_R_All,
  data = meta_R_All,
  mods = ~ sqrt(vi) + C_T + F_T,
  random = list( ~ 1 | Study, ~ 1 | Exp_ID, ~ 1 | Effect_ID),
  method = "REML",
  control=list(optimizer="optim")
)
summary(egger_reg_full_R)

10 SUMMARIES

10.1 Combined summary table

Creating a summary table of all the results summaries

#get list of summaries from Outputs folder
# Only selecting relevant ones, can't use regex
summ_files <- c("./outputs/natural/summ_Simp_plain.csv",
                "./outputs/natural/summ_Simp_random.csv",
                "./outputs/natural/summ_Function.csv",
                "./outputs/natural/summ_Treatment.csv",
                "./outputs/natural/summ_Control.csv",
                "./outputs/natural/summ_duration_contin.csv",
                "./outputs/natural/summ_par.csv",
                "./outputs/natural/summ_C_T.csv",
                "./outputs/natural/summ_F_T.csv",
                 "./outputs/natural/summ_F_C.csv",
                "./outputs/natural/summ_year.csv",
                "./outputs/natural/summ_FULL_interactions.csv",
                "./outputs/natural/summ_FULL_interactions_CD.csv",
                "./outputs/natural/summ_FULL_interactions_R.csv"
                )

summ_names <-c("summ_Simp_plain",
               "summ_Simp_random",
               "summ_Function",
               "summ_Treatment",
               "summ_Control",
               "summ_duration_contin",
               "summ_par",
               "summ_C_T",
               "summ_F_T",
               "summ_F_C",
               "summ_year",
               "summ_FULL_interactions",
               "summ_FULL_interactions_CD",
               "summ_FULL_interactions_R")



summ_list<-lapply(summ_files, read_csv)
#names:
summ_df<- summ_list %>% set_names(summ_names) 
names(summ_df)
#str(summ_df)

#drop the automated first row (X1) and name each group of rows according
# to list element name. 
summ_df<- map_df(summ_df, ~ (.x %>% select(-X1)), .id = "names")

#save
write.csv(summ_df, file = "./outputs/natural/Natural_combined_summaries.csv")

10.2 Summary of contrasts

#vall contrasts
contrasts_list <- mget(ls(pattern = "^contrast_+"))
summary(contrasts_list)

con_df<- map_df(contrasts_list, ~ broom::tidy(.x), .id = "names")

#save
write.csv(con_df, file = "./outputs/natural/Natural_combined_contrasts.csv")