META-ANALYSIS - General Community Dataset

1 INTRODUCTION

This file describes the analysis of data from the GENERAL COMMUNITY dataset. This dataset also includes the Habitat-forming species. There are two other analysis files one for the Eco-friendly dataset and the other for NIS.

Here we read in the raw data that has been extracted from suitable studies (see the main body of the manuscript for the selection criteria). We then wrangle the data into a suitable format for constructing our models with Metafor (http://www.metafor-project.org/doku.php ).

In our manuscript we describe the results of models for the general community including measures of abundance (cover and density) and richness, separately. We also reported the results from a full model including all data and moderators. Additionally we separated abundance (cover and density) data for habitat forming species from the general community and ran out models on this data. The detailed code for those models is included here, along with additional exploratory analyses.

Our quality requirement for each moderator sub-level was that it needed to induce data from at least 3 experiments. All sub-levels with data from less than 3 experiments were dropped from that model. A unique reduced version of the dataset was created for each of the moderators that this applied to. When plotting our models, we prepared results that grouped moderator sub-levels in two ways, one with the first interaction term first and one with the the second interaction term first. The alternative groupings have the suffix "_metal" on their group name.

1.1 Setting up

#Ensuring starting with a clean environment
rm(list=ls())
#turn off sci notation: 
options (scipen = 999)

# ADDING OUTPUT DIRECTORY
# Will give warning if already exists
dir.create(file.path(getwd(), "outputs"))
dir.create(file.path(getwd(), "outputs/natural"))


#Installing packages and loading existing ones. 
# # If installations are necessary: 
# install.packages("devtools")
# install.packages("tidyverse")
# install.packages("metafor")
# install.packages("patchwork")
# install.packages("R.rsp")
# devtools::install_github("itchyshin/orchard_plot", subdir = "orchaRd", force = TRUE, build_vignettes = TRUE)
#install.packages("downloadthis")


#libraries
# check conflicts. 
library(rotl)
library(ape)
library(metafor)
library(orchaRd)
library(knitr)
library(broom)
library(clubSandwich)
library(multcomp)
library(kableExtra)
library(downloadthis)
library(tidyverse)  

1.2 Loading and checking data file

#import data
meta<-read.csv("./data/General_Community_dataset.csv",header=T,as.is=T)

#changing many columns to factors/numeric: 
meta <- meta %>% mutate_at (
  vars(
    Year,
    MeanTreatment,
    MeanControl,
    Control.Replicate,
    Treatment.Replicate,
    Replicates
    ),
  funs(as.numeric)
  ) %>%
  mutate_at(
    vars(
      Study,
      Parameter,
      Habitat.Forming...Y.N.,
      Function,
      Group,
      Category,
      Control,
      Treatment,
      Control_detail,
      Treatment_detail,
      Treatment_detail_MOD,   # adding in to check relative effects of different materials.
      Treatment_detail_MOD_2,
      Control_detail_MOD,
      Orientation.OF.SUBSTRATUM
      ),
    funs(as.factor)
    )

# Adding a control treatment pairing column (for use as an interaction term):
#concatenate columns Control and treatment _details:
meta <- meta %>%
  unite("C_T", c(Control,Treatment), sep = "_", remove = F)
meta$C_T <- as.factor(meta$C_T)

# Adding Treatment_Functional group pairing column for use as an interaction term):
# concatenate columns Treatment and Function:
meta <- meta %>%
  unite("F_T", c(Function,Treatment), sep = "_", remove = F)
meta$F_T <- as.factor(meta$F_T)

# Adding Functional Group_Natural (or control) pairing (for use as an interaction term):
meta <- meta %>%
  unite("F_C", c(Function,Control), sep = "_", remove = F)
meta$F_C <- as.factor(meta$F_C)

# #Checking the data:
# str(meta)
# colnames(meta)
# head(meta)


# showing data in .html version of doc
kable(meta, "html") %>%
  kable_styling("striped", position = "left") %>%
  scroll_box(width = "100%",
             height = "500px")

Study	Year	MeanControl	SDControl	MeanTreatment	SDTreatment	Control.Replicate	Treatment.Replicate	Replicates	Parameter	Function_simp	F_T	F_C	Function	Habitat.Forming…Y.N.	Group	Sub.Group	Species	Species_phylo	Species_phylo_2	Life.history.stage	Sizeofmanipulation	Size.in.m2..of.quadrat.sample.area.	Experiment	Typeofmanipulation	Orientation.OF.SUBSTRATUM	Category	Control_detail	Control_detail_MOD	C_T	Control	Treatment_detail	Treatment_detail_MOD	Treatment_detail_MOD_2	Treatment	Tidalheight.Depth	Zone	Time..final.or.other.	Duration..months.	Latitude	Longitude	Location	Sea	Structure	Exposure	Notes	Source	NOTES
Ambrose 1994	1994	6.1000000	3.4600000	1.2000000	1.0000000	4	2	2	Cover	Sessile	Algae_Concrete	Algae_Rock	Algae	Y	Canopy_Algae	Algae	All	Chlorophyta	Chlorophyta		Large Reef (>1m)	NA	Y	Reef	N/A	RockvsConcrete	Rock	Rock_unclassified	Rock_Concrete	Rock	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	NA	Subtidal	Final	36.000000	33.36	-117.56	USA	Atlantic	Reef	Open	Not measured in this study (can check associated studies)	Table
Reed 2005	2005	39.2308000	5.9337573	45.1049000	5.3403533	8	8	8	Richness	Sessile	Invert_Concrete	Invert_Rock	Invert	N		Invertebrates	All				1500m2	80	Y	Reef	mixed	ConcreteMedvsRock	Rock	Rock_unclassified	Rock_Concrete	Rock	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	n/a	subtidal	Final	60.000000	33.425076	-117.629032	USA	North pacific	Reef_med	Exposed	Experiment over 5 years in total 2000-2004, San Mateo (SM) and Barn (B) reefs used as natural reef controls	FigIII.D.11
Ambrose 1994	1994	537.7000000	356.0000000	380.9000000	170.6955770	4	2	2	Density	Fish	Fish_Concrete	Fish_Rock	Fish	N		Fish	All				Large Reef (>1m)	1000	Y	Reef	N/A	RockvsConcrete	Rock	Rock_unclassified	Rock_Concrete	Rock	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	NA	Subtidal	Final	36.000000	33.36	-117.56	USA	Atlantic	Reef	Open	Not measured in this study (can check associated studies)	Table
Ambrose 1994	1994	43.7000000	21.4800000	6.9000000	8.9378297	4	2	2	Density	Benthic	Benthic_Concrete	Benthic_Rock	Benthic	N		Invertebrates	All			unsure	All	1	Y	Reef	N/A	RockvsConcrete	Rock	Rock_unclassified	Rock_Concrete	Rock	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	NA	Subtidal	Final	36.000000	33.36	-117.56	USA	Atlantic	Reef	Open	Not measured in this study (can check associated studies)	Table
Ambrose 1994	1994	63.2000000	27.2000000	42.5000000	43.1335136	4	2	2	Cover	Sessile	Sessile_Concrete	Sessile_Rock	Sessile	N		Sessile	All				Large Reef (>1m)	NA	Y	Reef	N/A	RockvsConcrete	Rock	Rock_unclassified	Rock_Concrete	Rock	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	NA	Subtidal	Final	36.000000	33.36	-117.56	USA	Atlantic	Reef	Open	Not measured in this study (can check associated studies)	Table
Ambrose 1994	1994	1.0000000	1.2000000	0.0000000	0.0000000	4	2	2	Density	Sessile	Algae_Concrete	Algae_Rock	Algae	N		Understory kelp	All			unsure	Large Reef (>1m)	100	Y	Reef	N/A	RockvsConcrete	Rock	Rock_unclassified	Rock_Concrete	Rock	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	NA	Subtidal	Final	36.000000	33.36	-117.56	USA	Atlantic	Reef	Open	Not measured in this study (can check associated studies)	Table
Anderson & Underwood 1994	1994	43.6800000	33.4300000	114.8960000	62.4180000	6	6	6	Density	Sessile	Invert_Concrete	Invert_Wood	Invert	Y	Barnacles	Barnacles	Hexaminus	Austrominius	Thoracica		10 x 10 cm	0.01	Y	Tiles	Downward facing	plywoodvsconcrete	plywood	Wood_plywood	Wood_Concrete	Wood	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	low	Intertidal	Final	6.000000	-34.01666667	151.1833333	Australia	Tasman	Exp 2 - September deploy	Sheltered	NS	Fig 2
Anderson & Underwood 1994	1994	43.6800000	33.4300000	20.4900000	12.8000000	6	6	6	Density	Sessile	Invert_Metal	Invert_Wood	Invert	Y	Barnacles	Barnacles	Hexaminus	Austrominius	Thoracica		10 x 10 cm	0.01	Y	Tiles	Downward facing	plywoodvsaluminim	plywood	Wood_plywood	Wood_Metal	Wood	Aluminium	Metal_aluminium	Metal_aluminium	Metal	low	Intertidal	Final	6.000000	-34.01666667	151.1833333	Australia	Tasman	Exp 2 - September deploy	Sheltered	S	Fig 2
Anderson & Underwood 1994	1994	43.6800000	33.4300000	15.3600000	8.3500000	6	6	6	Density	Sessile	Invert_Polymer	Invert_Wood	Invert	Y	Barnacles	Barnacles	Hexaminus	Austrominius	Thoracica		10 x 10 cm	0.01	Y	Tiles	Downward facing	plywoodvsconcrete	plywood	Wood_plywood	Wood_Polymer	Wood	Fibreglass	Polymer_fibreglass	Polymer_fibreglass	Polymer	low	Intertidal	Final	6.000000	-34.01666667	151.1833333	Australia	Tasman	Exp 2 - September deploy	Sheltered	S	Fig 2
Anderson & Underwood 1994	1994	1.9672100	0.5000000	6.3934400	0.5000000	6	6	6	Density	Sessile	Invert_Concrete	Invert_Wood	Invert	Y	Bivalves	Bivalve	Saccostrea	Saccostrea	Saccostrea		10 x 10 cm	0.01	Y	Tiles	Downward facing	plywoodvsconcrete	plywood	Wood_plywood	Wood_Concrete	Wood	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	low	Intertidal	Final	1.000000	-34.01666667	151.1833333	Australia	Tasman	Exp 1-Jan deployment 1	Sheltered	Significant - no repeated measures, there were enough replicates to remove separate replicates each month and then remainder stayed behind.	Fig 1
Anderson & Underwood 1994	1994	1.9672100	0.5000000	0.0000000	0.5000000	6	6	6	Density	Sessile	Invert_Polymer	Invert_Wood	Invert	Y	Bivalves	Bivalve	Saccostrea	Saccostrea	Saccostrea		10 x 10 cm	0.01	Y	Tiles	Downward facing	plywoodvsfiberglass	plywood	Wood_plywood	Wood_Polymer	Wood	Fibreglass	Polymer_fibreglass	Polymer_fibreglass	Polymer	low	Intertidal	Final	1.000000	-34.01666667	151.1833333	Australia	Tasman	Exp 1-Jan deployment 1	Sheltered	Significant	Fig 1
Anderson & Underwood 1994	1994	1.9672100	0.5000000	0.0000000	0.5000000	6	6	6	Density	Sessile	Invert_Metal	Invert_Wood	Invert	Y	Bivalves	Bivalve	Saccostrea	Saccostrea	Saccostrea		10 x 10 cm	0.01	Y	Tiles	Downward facing	plywoodvsaluminim	plywood	Wood_plywood	Wood_Metal	Wood	Aluminium	Metal_aluminium	Metal_aluminium	Metal	low	Intertidal	Final	1.000000	-34.01666667	151.1833333	Australia	Tasman	Exp 1-Jan deployment 1	Sheltered	Significant	Fig 1
Anderson & Underwood 1994	1994	19.1803000	0.5000000	26.0656000	0.5000000	6	6	6	Density	Sessile	Invert_Concrete	Invert_Wood	Invert	Y	Bivalves	Bivalve	Saccostrea	Saccostrea	Saccostrea		10 x 10 cm	0.01	Y	Tiles	Downward facing	plywoodvsconcrete	plywood	Wood_plywood	Wood_Concrete	Wood	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	low	Intertidal	Final	12.000000	-34.01666667	151.1833333	Australia	Tasman	Exp 1-Jan deployment 12	Sheltered	Significant	Fig 1
Anderson & Underwood 1994	1994	19.1803000	0.5000000	18.1967000	0.5000000	6	6	6	Density	Sessile	Invert_Metal	Invert_Wood	Invert	Y	Bivalves	Bivalve	Saccostrea	Saccostrea	Saccostrea		10 x 10 cm	0.01	Y	Tiles	Downward facing	plywoodvsaluminim	plywood	Wood_plywood	Wood_Metal	Wood	Aluminium	Metal_aluminium	Metal_aluminium	Metal	low	Intertidal	Final	12.000000	-34.01666667	151.1833333	Australia	Tasman	Exp 1-Jan deployment 12	Sheltered	Not Significant	Fig 1
Anderson & Underwood 1994	1994	19.1803000	0.5000000	13.2787000	13.2512496	6	6	6	Density	Sessile	Invert_Polymer	Invert_Wood	Invert	Y	Bivalves	Bivalve	Saccostrea	Saccostrea	Saccostrea		10 x 10 cm	0.01	Y	Tiles	Downward facing	plywoodvsfiberglass	plywood	Wood_plywood	Wood_Polymer	Wood	Fibreglass	Polymer_fibreglass	Polymer_fibreglass	Polymer	low	Intertidal	Final	12.000000	-34.01666667	151.1833333	Australia	Tasman	Exp 1-Jan deployment 12	Sheltered	Not Significant	Fig 1
Anderson & Underwood 1994	1994	23.6066000	7.8304063	79.6721000	12.0467130	6	6	6	Density	Sessile	Invert_Concrete	Invert_Wood	Invert	Y	Bivalves	Bivalve	Saccostrea	Saccostrea	Saccostrea		10 x 10 cm	0.01	Y	Tiles	Downward facing	plywoodvsconcrete	plywood	Wood_plywood	Wood_Concrete	Wood	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	low	Intertidal	Final	2.000000	-34.01666667	151.1833333	Australia	Tasman	Exp 1-Jan deployment 2	Sheltered	Significant	Fig 1
Anderson & Underwood 1994	1994	23.6066000	7.8304063	33.9344000	8.4327359	6	6	6	Density	Sessile	Invert_Polymer	Invert_Wood	Invert	Y	Bivalves	Bivalve	Saccostrea	Saccostrea	Saccostrea		10 x 10 cm	0.01	Y	Tiles	Downward facing	plywoodvsfiberglass	plywood	Wood_plywood	Wood_Polymer	Wood	Fibreglass	Polymer_fibreglass	Polymer_fibreglass	Polymer	low	Intertidal	Final	2.000000	-34.01666667	151.1833333	Australia	Tasman	Exp 1-Jan deployment 2	Sheltered	Significant	Fig 1
Anderson & Underwood 1994	1994	23.6066000	7.8304063	11.3115000	2.9508250	6	6	6	Density	Sessile	Invert_Metal	Invert_Wood	Invert	Y	Bivalves	Bivalve	Saccostrea	Saccostrea	Saccostrea		10 x 10 cm	0.01	Y	Tiles	Downward facing	plywoodvsaluminim	plywood	Wood_plywood	Wood_Metal	Wood	Aluminium	Metal_aluminium	Metal_aluminium	Metal	low	Intertidal	Final	2.000000	-34.01666667	151.1833333	Australia	Tasman	Exp 1-Jan deployment 2	Sheltered	Significant	Fig 1
Anderson & Underwood 1994	1994	38.3607000	18.6723378	73.2787000	4.8186362	6	6	6	Density	Sessile	Invert_Concrete	Invert_Wood	Invert	Y	Bivalves	Bivalve	Saccostrea	Saccostrea	Saccostrea		10 x 10 cm	0.01	Y	Tiles	Downward facing	plywoodvsconcrete	plywood	Wood_plywood	Wood_Concrete	Wood	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	low	Intertidal	Final	4.000000	-34.01666667	151.1833333	Australia	Tasman	Exp 1-Jan deployment 4	Sheltered	Significant	Fig 1
Anderson & Underwood 1994	1994	38.3607000	18.6723378	41.3115000	24.0933036	6	6	6	Density	Sessile	Invert_Polymer	Invert_Wood	Invert	Y	Bivalves	Bivalve	Saccostrea	Saccostrea	Saccostrea		10 x 10 cm	0.01	Y	Tiles	Downward facing	plywoodvsfiberglass	plywood	Wood_plywood	Wood_Polymer	Wood	Fibreglass	Polymer_fibreglass	Polymer_fibreglass	Polymer	low	Intertidal	Final	4.000000	-34.01666667	151.1833333	Australia	Tasman	Exp 1-Jan deployment 4	Sheltered	Significant	Fig 1
Anderson & Underwood 1994	1994	38.3607000	18.6723378	39.3443000	2.9508500	6	6	6	Density	Sessile	Invert_Metal	Invert_Wood	Invert	Y	Bivalves	Bivalve	Saccostrea	Saccostrea	Saccostrea		10 x 10 cm	0.01	Y	Tiles	Downward facing	plywoodvsaluminim	plywood	Wood_plywood	Wood_Metal	Wood	Aluminium	Metal_aluminium	Metal_aluminium	Metal	low	Intertidal	Final	4.000000	-34.01666667	151.1833333	Australia	Tasman	Exp 1-Jan deployment 4	Sheltered	Significant	Fig 1
Reed 2005	2005	43.0070000	2.9667372	42.7972000	3.5601412	8	8	8	Richness	Sessile	Invert_Concrete	Invert_Rock	Invert	N		Invertebrates	All				1500m2	80	Y	Reef	mixed	ConcreteHighvsRock	Rock	Rock_unclassified	Rock_Concrete	Rock	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	n/a	subtidal	Final	60.000000	33.425076	-117.629032	USA	North pacific	Reef_high	Exposed	Experiment over 5 years in total 2000-2004, San Mateo (SM) and Barn (B) reefs used as natural reef controls	FigIII.D.11
Reed 2005	2005	33.1469000	10.0873025	37.0000000	4.1538281	8	8	8	Richness	Sessile	Invert_Concrete	Invert_Rock	Invert	N		Invertebrates	All				1500m2	80	Y	Reef	mixed	ConcreteLowvsRock	Rock	Rock_unclassified	Rock_Concrete	Rock	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	n/a	subtidal	Final	60.000000	33.425076	-117.629032	USA	North pacific	Reef_low	Exposed	Experiment over 5 years in total 2000-2004, San Mateo (SM) and Barn (B) reefs used as natural reef controls	FigIII.D.11
Walker 2002	2002	26.0000000	2.0000000	23.0000000	2.0000000	4	4	4	Richness	Fish	Fish_Polymer	Fish_Rock	Fish	N		Fish	All				25x1.2m diameter, 25x1.5m diameter	1.13112 x 25 and 1.7673 x 30	Y	Reef		RockvsTire	Limestone	Rock_limestone	Rock_Polymer	Rock	Rubber	Polymer_rubber	Polymer_rubber	Polymer	NA	subtidal	Final	12.000000	25.77	-80.14	USA	Atlantic	Reef	sheltered	NS	Text
Walker 2002	2002	26.0000000	2.0000000	22.0000000	2.0000000	4	4	4	Richness	Fish	Fish_Concrete	Fish_Rock	Fish	N		Fish	All				25x1.2m diameter, 25x1.5m diameter	1.13112 x 25 and 1.7673 x 29	Y	Reef		RockvsConcrete	Limestone	Rock_limestone	Rock_Concrete	Rock	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	NA	subtidal	Final	12.000000	25.77	-80.14	USA	Atlantic	Reef	sheltered	NS	Text
Chapman & Clynick 2006	2006	21.0000000	NA	22.0000000	NA	1	1	1	Richness	Fish	Fish_Metal	Fish_Wood	Fish	N		Fish	all				1.5mx1.5mx0.8m	NA	Y	Reef	Mixed (vertical and horizontal)	woodvsmetal	Wood	Wood_unclassified	Wood_Metal	Wood	Metal	Metal_unclassified	Metal_unclassified	Metal	6 m	subtidal	NA	7.000000	-33.85	151.54	Australia	Sydney harbour	Reef	Sheltered	Significant	Figure6	Replicates - Fish are counted over the whole reef, no quadrats used.. All replicates for each substrate have been summed (not averaged), therefore the replicate for the mean and control in this case is 1. Size of sampled area in m2 - this is NA as the area above each reef was included too.
Chapman & Clynick 2006	2006	17.0000000	NA	22.0000000	NA	1	1	1	Richness	Fish	Fish_Metal	Fish_Rock	Fish	N		Fish	all				1.5mx1.5mx0.8m	NA	Y	Reef	Mixed (vertical and horizontal)	rockvstyre	Rock	Rock_unclassified	Rock_Metal	Rock	Metal	Metal_unclassified	Metal_unclassified	Metal	6 m	subtidal	NA	7.000000	-33.85	151.54	Australia	Sydney harbour	Reef	Sheltered	Significant	Figure6	Replicates - Fish are counted over the whole reef, no quadrats used.. All replicates for each substrate have been summed (not averaged), therefore the replicate for the mean and control in this case is 1. Size of sampled area in m2 - this is NA as the area above each reef was included too.
Ambrose 1994	1994	16.8000000	6.6000000	21.5000000	0.7071068	4	2	2	Richness	Fish	Fish_Concrete	Fish_Rock	Fish	N		Fish	All				Large Reef (>1m)	check Ambrose 1987 paper	Y	Reef	N/A	RockvsConcrete	Rock	Rock_unclassified	Rock_Concrete	Rock	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	NA	Subtidal	Final	36.000000	33.36	-117.56	USA	Atlantic	Reef	Open	Not measured in this study (can check associated studies)	Table
Chapman & Clynick 2006	2006	21.0000000	NA	21.0000000	NA	1	1	1	Richness	Fish	Fish_Polymer	Fish_Wood	Fish	N		Fish	all				1.5mx1.5mx0.8m	NA	Y	Reef	Mixed (vertical and horizontal)	woodvstyre	Wood	Wood_unclassified	Wood_Polymer	Wood	Rubber	Polymer_rubber	Polymer_rubber	Polymer	6 m	subtidal	NA	7.000000	-33.85	151.54	Australia	Sydney harbour	Reef	Sheltered	Significant	Figure6	Replicates - Fish are counted over the whole reef, no quadrats used.. All replicates for each substrate have been summed (not averaged), therefore the replicate for the mean and control in this case is 1. Size of sampled area in m2 - this is NA as the area above each reef was included too.
Chapman & Clynick 2006	2006	17.0000000	NA	21.0000000	NA	1	1	1	Richness	Fish	Fish_Polymer	Fish_Rock	Fish	N		Fish	all				1.5mx1.5mx0.8m	NA	Y	Reef	Mixed (vertical and horizontal)	rockvstyre	Rock	Rock_unclassified	Rock_Polymer	Rock	Rubber	Polymer_rubber	Polymer_rubber	Polymer	6 m	subtidal	NA	7.000000	-33.85	151.54	Australia	Sydney harbour	Reef	Sheltered	Significant	Figure6	Replicates - Fish are counted over the whole reef, no quadrats used.. All replicates for each substrate have been summed (not averaged), therefore the replicate for the mean and control in this case is 1. Size of sampled area in m2 - this is NA as the area above each reef was included too.
Ushiama2016	2016	18.7393000	1.1290000	19.7483000	0.6448000	8	8	8	Richness	Sessile	Sessile_Polymer	Sessile_Wood	Sessile	No			All				11x11cm	0.0121	Y	Tile	mixed	WoodvsPerspex	Turpentine Tree	Wood_unclassified	Wood_Polymer	Wood	Perspex	Polymer_mix	Polymer_mix	Polymer	NA	subtidal	Final	3.000000	-33.83	151.29	Australia	East	Reef	exposed	Significant	Figure 3
Ushiama2016	2016	18.3250000	3.1280000	19.7483000	0.6448000	8	8	8	Richness	Sessile	Sessile_Polymer	Sessile_Rock	Sessile	No			All				11x11cm	0.0121	Y	Tile	mixed	RockvsPerspex	Sandstone	Rock_sandstone	Rock_Polymer	Rock	Perspex	Polymer_mix	Polymer_mix	Polymer	NA	subtidal	Final	3.000000	-33.83	151.29	Australia	East	Reef	exposed	Significant	Figure 3
Vaz-pinto et al 2013	2013	17.3420200	5.5786585	17.9015000	4.8023534	12	12	12	Richness	Benthic	Benthic_Concrete	Benthic_Rock	Benthic	N		Invertebrates (and algae)	All				7x7cm	0.0049	Y	Tile		ConcretevsBassalt	Basalt	Rock_basalt	Rock_Concrete	Rock	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	1m	subtidal	Final	12.000000	37.7804	25.497	Sao Miguel, Azores	Mid-Atlantic	Marinas_winter deploy_12	Sheltered	Significant	Figure2a/b- Winter deployment	Added native and non-native species together
Anderson & Underwood 1994	1994	1923.3200000	570.8000000	1826.0000000	246.7400000	6	6	6	Density	Sessile	Invert_Concrete	Invert_Wood	Invert	Y	Tube_forming	Tube-forming	Spirorbids	Spirorbides	Serpulidae		10 x 10 cm	0.01	Y	Tiles	Downward facing	plywoodvsconcrete	plywood	Wood_plywood	Wood_Concrete	Wood	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	low	Intertidal	Final	5.000000	-34.01666667	151.1833333	Australia	Tasman	Exp 3 - May deploy	Sheltered	NS	Fig 2
Anderson & Underwood 1994	1994	1923.3200000	570.8000000	250.5880000	115.9240000	6	6	6	Density	Sessile	Invert_Metal	Invert_Wood	Invert	Y	Tube_forming	Tube-forming	Spirorbids	Spirorbides	Serpulidae		10 x 10 cm	0.01	Y	Tiles	Downward facing	plywoodvsaluminim	plywood	Wood_plywood	Wood_Metal	Wood	Aluminium	Metal_aluminium	Metal_aluminium	Metal	low	Intertidal	Final	5.000000	-34.01666667	151.1833333	Australia	Tasman	Exp 3 - May deploy	Sheltered	S	Fig 2
Anderson & Underwood 1994	1994	1923.3200000	570.8000000	215.1920000	84.9380000	6	6	6	Density	Sessile	Invert_Polymer	Invert_Wood	Invert	Y	Tube_forming	Tube-forming	Spirorbids	Spirorbides	Serpulidae		10 x 10 cm	0.01	Y	Tiles	Downward facing	plywoodvsconcrete	plywood	Wood_plywood	Wood_Polymer	Wood	Fibreglass	Polymer_fibreglass	Polymer_fibreglass	Polymer	low	Intertidal	Final	5.000000	-34.01666667	151.1833333	Australia	Tasman	Exp 3 - May deploy	Sheltered	S	Fig 2
Anderson 1996	1996	15.0299000	4.0336000	101.8960000	13.1080000	4	4	4	Density	Sessile	Invert_Concrete	Invert_Rock	Invert	Y	Bivalves	Bivalve	Saccostrea commercialis	Saccostrea glomerata	Saccostrea		10cmx10cm	0.01	Y	Tiles	Downward facing	ConcretevsSStoneSite1NoBio	Rock (sandstone)	Rock_sandstone	Rock_Concrete	Rock	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	mid tidal level	Intertidal	Final	12.000000	-32.719802	152.101625	Australia	Tasman	Oyster trestles	Sheltered	S	Fig3, Table 2 (s)	Concrete is actual concrete (rather than the E3 - epoxy concrete lookalike) and sandstone is actual sandstone
Anderson 1996	1996	19.4118000	11.0924000	119.2440000	22.1840000	4	4	4	Density	Sessile	Invert_Concrete	Invert_Rock	Invert	Y	Bivalves	Bivalve	Saccostrea commercialis	Saccostrea glomerata	Saccostrea		10cmx10cm	0.01	Y	Tiles	Downward facing	ConcretevsSStoneSite2NoBio	Rock (sandstone)	Rock_sandstone	Rock_Concrete	Rock	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	mid tidal level	Intertidal	Final	12.000000	-32.719802	152.101625	Australia	Tasman	Oyster trestles	Sheltered	S	Fig3, Table 2 (s)	Concrete is actual concrete (rather than the E3 - epoxy concrete lookalike) and sandstone is actual sandstone
Blakeway et al 2013	2013	7.9913300	7.5665000	4.4508700	4.8352700	54	54	54	Density	Sessile	Invert_Concrete	Invert_Rock	Invert	Y	Corals	Corals	ALL	Anthozoa	Anthozoa		0.6 ha reef	0.0625	Y	Reef	horizontal and vertical	rockvsconcrete	Rock	Rock_unclassified	Rock_Concrete	Rock	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	6.5m	subtidal	NA	12.000000	-23.3837	116.4431	Dampier, Western Australia	Indian Ocean	Reef	Exposed	Significant	Figure 8	Quadrats only, no settlement plates. 3 replicates of each substrate at each subsite.. 6 quadrats per subsite substrate - (3 horiz and 3 vert): 3 sites x 3 substrate reps x 6 quadrats = 54 quadrat replicates per substrate type. SD estimates looked wrong - I think the previous replicate estimate could have been wrong and not updated.. have changed, using n of 54 (SE*sqrt(54))
Blakeway et al 2013	2013	7.9913300	6.6560600	2.1242800	2.5000000	54	54	54	Density	Sessile	Invert_Concrete	Invert_Rock	Invert	Y	Corals	Corals	ALL	Anthozoa	Anthozoa		0.6 ha reef	0.0625	Y	Reef	horizontal and vertical	rockvsconcrete	Rock	Rock_unclassified	Rock_Concrete	Rock	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	6.5m	subtidal	NA	6.000000	-23.3837	116.4431	Dampier, Western Australia	Indian Ocean	Reef	Exposed	Significant	Figure 8	Quadrats only, no settlement plates. 3 replicates of each substrate at each subsite.. 6 quadrats per subsite substrate - (3 horiz and 3 vert): 3 sites x 3 substrate reps x 6 quadrats = 54 quadrat replicates per substrate type. SD estimates looked wrong - I think the previous replicate estimate could have been wrong and not updated.. have changed, using n of 54 (SE*sqrt(54))
Blakeway et al 2013	2013	9.1040500	9.3876500	3.8439300	3.0144800	54	54	54	Density	Sessile	Invert_Concrete	Invert_Rock	Invert	Y	Corals	Corals	ALL	Anthozoa	Anthozoa		0.6 ha reef	0.0625	Y	Reef	horizontal and vertical	rockvsconcrete	Rock	Rock_unclassified	Rock_Concrete	Rock	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	6.5m	subtidal	NA	18.000000	-23.3837	116.4431	Dampier, Western Australia	Indian Ocean	Reef	Exposed	Significant	Figure 8	Quadrats only, no settlement plates. 3 replicates of each substrate at each subsite.. 6 quadrats per subsite substrate - (3 horiz and 3 vert): 3 sites x 3 substrate reps x 6 quadrats = 54 quadrat replicates per substrate type. SD estimates looked wrong - I think the previous replicate estimate could have been wrong and not updated.. have changed, using n of 54 (SE*sqrt(54))
Blakeway et al 2013	2013	12.4422000	7.5665000	20.1301000	15.7601000	54	54	54	Density	Sessile	Invert_Concrete	Invert_Rock	Invert	Y	Corals	Corals	ALL	Anthozoa	Anthozoa		0.6 ha reef	0.0625	Y	Reef	horizontal and vertical	rockvsconcrete	Rock	Rock_unclassified	Rock_Concrete	Rock	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	6.5m	subtidal	NA	48.000000	-23.3837	116.4431	Dampier, Western Australia	Indian Ocean	Reef	Exposed	Significant	Figure 8	Quadrats only, no settlement plates. 3 replicates of each substrate at each subsite.. 6 quadrats per subsite substrate - (3 horiz and 3 vert): 3 sites x 3 substrate reps x 6 quadrats = 54 quadrat replicates per substrate type. SD estimates looked wrong - I think the previous replicate estimate could have been wrong and not updated.. have changed, using n of 54 (SE*sqrt(54))
Blakeway et al 2013	2013	13.3526000	7.5665000	19.8266000	16.6700000	54	54	54	Density	Sessile	Invert_Concrete	Invert_Rock	Invert	Y	Corals	Corals	ALL	Anthozoa	Anthozoa		0.6 ha reef	0.0625	Y	Reef	horizontal and vertical	rockvsconcrete	Rock	Rock_unclassified	Rock_Concrete	Rock	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	6.5m	subtidal	NA	60.000000	-23.3837	116.4431	Dampier, Western Australia	Indian Ocean	Reef	Exposed	Significant	Figure 8	Quadrats only, no settlement plates. 3 replicates of each substrate at each subsite.. 6 quadrats per subsite substrate - (3 horiz and 3 vert): 3 sites x 3 substrate reps x 6 quadrats = 54 quadrat replicates per substrate type. SD estimates looked wrong - I think the previous replicate estimate could have been wrong and not updated.. have changed, using n of 54 (SE*sqrt(54))
Blakeway et al 2013	2013	16.2861000	15.7601000	10.0145000	13.0286000	54	54	54	Density	Sessile	Invert_Concrete	Invert_Rock	Invert	Y	Corals	Corals	ALL	Anthozoa	Anthozoa		0.6 ha reef	0.0625	Y	Reef	horizontal and vertical	rockvsconcrete	Rock	Rock_unclassified	Rock_Concrete	Rock	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	6.5m	subtidal	NA	30.000000	-23.3837	116.4431	Dampier, Western Australia	Indian Ocean	Reef	Exposed	Significant	Figure 8	Quadrats only, no settlement plates. 3 replicates of each substrate at each subsite.. 6 quadrats per subsite substrate - (3 horiz and 3 vert): 3 sites x 3 substrate reps x 6 quadrats = 54 quadrat replicates per substrate type. SD estimates looked wrong - I think the previous replicate estimate could have been wrong and not updated.. have changed, using n of 54 (SE*sqrt(54))
Blakeway et al 2013	2013	18.4104000	2.1044000	22.7601000	23.9537000	54	54	54	Density	Sessile	Invert_Concrete	Invert_Rock	Invert	Y	Corals	Corals	ALL	Anthozoa	Anthozoa		0.6 ha reef	0.0625	Y	Reef	horizontal and vertical	rockvsconcrete	Rock	Rock_unclassified	Rock_Concrete	Rock	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	6.5m	subtidal	NA	42.000000	-23.3837	116.4431	Dampier, Western Australia	Indian Ocean	Reef	Exposed	Significant	Figure 8	Quadrats only, no settlement plates. 3 replicates of each substrate at each subsite.. 6 quadrats per subsite substrate - (3 horiz and 3 vert): 3 sites x 3 substrate reps x 6 quadrats = 54 quadrat replicates per substrate type. SD estimates looked wrong - I think the previous replicate estimate could have been wrong and not updated.. have changed, using n of 54 (SE*sqrt(54))
Blakeway et al 2013	2013	19.9277000	13.0295000	16.8931000	15.7601000	54	54	54	Density	Sessile	Invert_Concrete	Invert_Rock	Invert	Y	Corals	Corals	ALL	Anthozoa	Anthozoa		0.6 ha reef	0.0625	Y	Reef	horizontal and vertical	rockvsconcrete	Rock	Rock_unclassified	Rock_Concrete	Rock	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	6.5m	subtidal	NA	66.000000	-23.3837	116.4431	Dampier, Western Australia	Indian Ocean	Reef	Exposed	Significant	Figure 8	Quadrats only, no settlement plates. 3 replicates of each substrate at each subsite.. 6 quadrats per subsite substrate - (3 horiz and 3 vert): 3 sites x 3 substrate reps x 6 quadrats = 54 quadrat replicates per substrate type. SD estimates looked wrong - I think the previous replicate estimate could have been wrong and not updated.. have changed, using n of 54 (SE*sqrt(54))
Blakeway et al 2013	2013	21.5462000	14.8502000	29.0318000	28.5059000	54	54	54	Density	Sessile	Invert_Concrete	Invert_Rock	Invert	Y	Corals	Corals	ALL	Anthozoa	Anthozoa		0.6 ha reef	0.0625	Y	Reef	horizontal and vertical	rockvsconcrete	Rock	Rock_unclassified	Rock_Concrete	Rock	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	6.5m	subtidal	Final	72.000000	-23.3837	116.4431	Dampier, Western Australia	Indian Ocean	Reef	Exposed	Significant	Figure 8	Quadrats only, no settlement plates. 3 replicates of each substrate at each subsite.. 6 quadrats per subsite substrate - (3 horiz and 3 vert): 3 sites x 3 substrate reps x 6 quadrats = 54 quadrat replicates per substrate type. SD estimates looked wrong - I think the previous replicate estimate could have been wrong and not updated.. have changed, using n of 54 (SE*sqrt(54))
Blakeway et al 2013	2013	22.2543000	23.9537000	14.5665000	22.1330000	54	54	54	Density	Sessile	Invert_Concrete	Invert_Rock	Invert	Y	Corals	Corals	ALL	Anthozoa	Anthozoa		0.6 ha reef	0.0625	Y	Reef	horizontal and vertical	rockvsconcrete	Rock	Rock_unclassified	Rock_Concrete	Rock	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	6.5m	subtidal	NA	36.000000	-23.3837	116.4431	Dampier, Western Australia	Indian Ocean	Reef	Exposed	Significant	Figure 8	Quadrats only, no settlement plates. 3 replicates of each substrate at each subsite.. 6 quadrats per subsite substrate - (3 horiz and 3 vert): 3 sites x 3 substrate reps x 6 quadrats = 54 quadrat replicates per substrate type. SD estimates looked wrong - I think the previous replicate estimate could have been wrong and not updated.. have changed, using n of 54 (SE*sqrt(54))
Burt et al. 2009	2009	2.6270200	3.4295300	3.2364400	3.9872300	5	5	5	Density	Sessile	Invert_Concrete	Invert_Rock	Invert	Y	Corals	Corals	ALL	Anthozoa	Anthozoa		10 x 10 cm	0.01	Y	Tiles	Mixed	sandstonevsconcrete_DDD	Sandstone	Rock_sandstone	Rock_Concrete	Rock	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	4m	subtidal	Final	12.000000	25.258113	55.264398	Dubai	Persian Gulf	Breakwater_DDD	Exposed	Not Significant	Figure 2
Burt et al. 2009	2009	4.7996300	5.8223800	3.2364400	3.9872300	5	5	5	Density	Sessile	Invert_Concrete	Invert_Rock	Invert	Y	Corals	Corals	ALL	Anthozoa	Anthozoa		10 x 10 cm	0.01	Y	Tiles	Mixed	granitevsconcrete_DDD	Granite	Rock_granite	Rock_Concrete	Rock	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	4m	subtidal	Final	12.000000	25.258113	55.264398	Dubai	Persian Gulf	Breakwater_DDD	Exposed	Not Significant	Figure 2
Burt et al. 2009	2009	6.9547600	8.2753300	3.2364400	3.9872300	5	5	5	Density	Sessile	Invert_Concrete	Invert_Rock	Invert	Y	Corals	Corals	ALL	Anthozoa	Anthozoa		10 x 10 cm	0.01	Y	Tiles	Mixed	gabbrovsconcrete_DDD	Gabbro	Rock_gabbro	Rock_Concrete	Rock	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	4m	subtidal	Final	12.000000	25.258113	55.264398	Dubai	Persian Gulf	Breakwater_DDD	Exposed	Not Significant	Figure 2
Burt et al. 2009	2009	2.6270200	3.4295300	6.2901000	7.7492900	5	5	5	Density	Sessile	Invert_Clay	Invert_Rock	Invert	Y	Corals	Corals	ALL	Anthozoa	Anthozoa		10 x 10 cm	0.01	Y	Tiles	Mixed	sandstonevsterracotta	Sandstone	Rock_sandstone	Rock_Clay	Rock	Terracotta	Clay	Clay_unglazed	Clay	4m	subtidal	Final	12.000000	25.258113	55.264398	Dubai	Persian Gulf	Breakwater_DDD	Exposed	Not Significant	Figure 2
Burt et al. 2009	2009	2.6270200	3.4295300	6.2901000	7.7492900	5	5	5	Density	Sessile	Invert_Clay	Invert_Rock	Invert	Y	Corals	Corals	ALL	Anthozoa	Anthozoa		10 x 10 cm	0.01	Y	Tiles	Mixed	granitevsterracotta	Granite	Rock_granite	Rock_Clay	Rock	Terracotta	Clay	Clay_unglazed	Clay	4m	subtidal	Final	12.000000	25.258113	55.264398	Dubai	Persian Gulf	Breakwater_DDD	Exposed	Not Significant	Figure 2
Burt et al. 2009	2009	6.9547600	8.2753300	6.2901000	7.7492900	5	5	5	Density	Sessile	Invert_Clay	Invert_Rock	Invert	Y	Corals	Corals	ALL	Anthozoa	Anthozoa		10 x 10 cm	0.01	Y	Tiles	Mixed	gabbrovsterracotta	Gabbro	Rock_gabbro	Rock_Clay	Rock	Terracotta	Clay	Clay_unglazed	Clay	4m	subtidal	Final	12.000000	25.258113	55.264398	Dubai	Persian Gulf	Breakwater_DDD	Exposed	Not Significant	Figure 2
Burt et al. 2009	2009	0.0850218	0.1477280	0.0439155	0.0900944	5	5	5	Density	Sessile	Invert_Concrete	Invert_Rock	Invert	Y	Corals	Corals	ALL	Anthozoa	Anthozoa		10 x 10 cm	0.01	Y	Tiles	Mixed	sandstonevsconcrete_PRT	Sandstone	Rock_sandstone	Rock_Concrete	Rock	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	4m	subtidal	Final	12.000000	25.018135	55.031183	Dubai	Persian Gulf	Breakwater_PRT	Exposed	Not Significant	Figure 2
Burt et al. 2009	2009	0.2059480	0.3030700	0.0439155	0.0900944	5	5	5	Density	Sessile	Invert_Concrete	Invert_Rock	Invert	Y	Corals	Corals	ALL	Anthozoa	Anthozoa		10 x 10 cm	0.01	Y	Tiles	Mixed	gabbrovsconcrete_PRT	Gabbro	Rock_gabbro	Rock_Concrete	Rock	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	4m	subtidal	Final	12.000000	25.018135	55.031183	Dubai	Persian Gulf	Breakwater_PRT	Exposed	Not Significant	Figure 2
Burt et al. 2009	2009	0.2479110	0.3509960	0.0439155	0.0900944	5	5	5	Density	Sessile	Invert_Concrete	Invert_Rock	Invert	Y	Corals	Corals	ALL	Anthozoa	Anthozoa		10 x 10 cm	0.01	Y	Tiles	Mixed	granitevsconcrete_PRT	Granite	Rock_granite	Rock_Concrete	Rock	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	4m	subtidal	Final	12.000000	25.018135	55.031183	Dubai	Persian Gulf	Breakwater_PRT	Exposed	Not Significant	Figure 2
Burt et al. 2009	2009	0.0850218	0.1477280	0.0876906	0.1805970	5	5	5	Density	Sessile	Invert_Clay	Invert_Rock	Invert	Y	Corals	Corals	ALL	Anthozoa	Anthozoa		10 x 10 cm	0.01	Y	Tiles	Mixed	sandstonevsterracotta	Sandstone	Rock_sandstone	Rock_Clay	Rock	Terracotta	Clay	Clay_unglazed	Clay	4m	subtidal	Final	12.000000	25.018135	55.031183	Dubai	Persian Gulf	Breakwater_PRT	Exposed	Not Significant	Figure 2
Burt et al. 2009	2009	0.2479110	0.3509960	0.0876906	0.1805970	5	5	5	Density	Sessile	Invert_Clay	Invert_Rock	Invert	Y	Corals	Corals	ALL	Anthozoa	Anthozoa		10 x 10 cm	0.01	Y	Tiles	Mixed	granitevsterracotta	Granite	Rock_granite	Rock_Clay	Rock	Terracotta	Clay	Clay_unglazed	Clay	4m	subtidal	Final	12.000000	25.018135	55.031183	Dubai	Persian Gulf	Breakwater_PRT	Exposed	Not Significant	Figure 2
Burt et al. 2009	2009	0.2059480	0.3030700	0.0876906	0.1805970	5	5	5	Density	Sessile	Invert_Clay	Invert_Rock	Invert	Y	Corals	Corals	ALL	Anthozoa	Anthozoa		10 x 10 cm	0.01	Y	Tiles	Mixed	gabbrovsterracotta	Gabbro	Rock_gabbro	Rock_Clay	Rock	Terracotta	Clay	Clay_unglazed	Clay	4m	subtidal	Final	12.000000	25.018135	55.031183	Dubai	Persian Gulf	Breakwater_PRT	Exposed	Not Significant	Figure 2
Burt et al. 2009	2009	0.0389587	0.0783963	0.2020080	0.3054210	5	5	5	Density	Sessile	Invert_Concrete	Invert_Rock	Invert	Y	Corals	Corals	ALL	Anthozoa	Anthozoa		10 x 10 cm	0.01	Y	Tiles	Mixed	sandstonevsconcrete_NR1	Sandstone	Rock_sandstone	Rock_Concrete	Rock	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	4m	subtidal	Final	12.000000	24.974592	54.965726	Dubai	Persian Gulf	Natural reefs_1	Exposed	Not Significant	Figure 2
Burt et al. 2009	2009	0.3496420	0.5125440	0.2020080	0.3054210	5	5	5	Density	Sessile	Invert_Concrete	Invert_Rock	Invert	Y	Corals	Corals	ALL	Anthozoa	Anthozoa		10 x 10 cm	0.01	Y	Tiles	Mixed	granitevsconcrete_NR1	Granite	Rock_granite	Rock_Concrete	Rock	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	4m	subtidal	Final	12.000000	24.974592	54.965726	Dubai	Persian Gulf	Natural reefs_1	Exposed	Not Significant	Figure 2
Burt et al. 2009	2009	0.4065000	0.5494560	0.2020080	0.3054210	5	5	5	Density	Sessile	Invert_Concrete	Invert_Rock	Invert	Y	Corals	Corals	ALL	Anthozoa	Anthozoa		10 x 10 cm	0.01	Y	Tiles	Mixed	gabbrovsconcrete_NR1	Gabbro	Rock_gabbro	Rock_Concrete	Rock	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	4m	subtidal	Final	12.000000	24.974592	54.965726	Dubai	Persian Gulf	Natural reefs_1	Exposed	Not Significant	Figure 2
Burt et al. 2009	2009	0.0389587	0.0783963	0.2303650	0.3274170	5	5	5	Density	Sessile	Invert_Clay	Invert_Rock	Invert	Y	Corals	Corals	ALL	Anthozoa	Anthozoa		10 x 10 cm	0.01	Y	Tiles	Mixed	sandstonevsterracotta	Sandstone	Rock_sandstone	Rock_Clay	Rock	Terracotta	Clay	Clay_unglazed	Clay	4m	subtidal	Final	12.000000	24.974592	54.965726	Dubai	Persian Gulf	Natural reefs_1	Exposed	Not Significant	Figure 2
Burt et al. 2009	2009	0.3496420	0.5125440	0.2303650	0.3274170	5	5	5	Density	Sessile	Invert_Clay	Invert_Rock	Invert	Y	Corals	Corals	ALL	Anthozoa	Anthozoa		10 x 10 cm	0.01	Y	Tiles	Mixed	granitevsterracotta	Granite	Rock_granite	Rock_Clay	Rock	Terracotta	Clay	Clay_unglazed	Clay	4m	subtidal	Final	12.000000	24.974592	54.965726	Dubai	Persian Gulf	Natural reefs_1	Exposed	Not Significant	Figure 2
Burt et al. 2009	2009	0.4065000	0.5494560	0.2303650	0.3274170	5	5	5	Density	Sessile	Invert_Clay	Invert_Rock	Invert	Y	Corals	Corals	ALL	Anthozoa	Anthozoa		10 x 10 cm	0.01	Y	Tiles	Mixed	gabbrovsterracotta	Gabbro	Rock_gabbro	Rock_Clay	Rock	Terracotta	Clay	Clay_unglazed	Clay	4m	subtidal	Final	12.000000	24.974592	54.965726	Dubai	Persian Gulf	Natural reefs_1	Exposed	Not Significant	Figure 2
Burt et al. 2009	2009	0.0451193	0.0904432	0.0805453	0.1367430	5	5	5	Density	Sessile	Invert_Concrete	Invert_Rock	Invert	Y	Corals	Corals	ALL	Anthozoa	Anthozoa		10 x 10 cm	0.01	Y	Tiles	Mixed	sandstonevsconcrete_NR2	Sandstone	Rock_sandstone	Rock_Concrete	Rock	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	4m	subtidal	Final	12.000000	24.936369	54.911106	Dubai	Persian Gulf	Natural reefs_2	Exposed	Not Significant	Figure 2
Burt et al. 2009	2009	0.0468966	0.0936433	0.0805453	0.1367430	5	5	5	Density	Sessile	Invert_Concrete	Invert_Rock	Invert	Y	Corals	Corals	ALL	Anthozoa	Anthozoa		10 x 10 cm	0.01	Y	Tiles	Mixed	granitevsconcrete_NR2	Granite	Rock_granite	Rock_Concrete	Rock	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	4m	subtidal	Final	12.000000	24.936369	54.911106	Dubai	Persian Gulf	Natural reefs_2	Exposed	Not Significant	Figure 2
Burt et al. 2009	2009	0.1684650	0.2394390	0.0805453	0.1367430	5	5	5	Density	Sessile	Invert_Concrete	Invert_Rock	Invert	Y	Corals	Corals	ALL	Anthozoa	Anthozoa		10 x 10 cm	0.01	Y	Tiles	Mixed	gabbrovsconcrete_NR2	Gabbro	Rock_gabbro	Rock_Concrete	Rock	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	4m	subtidal	Final	12.000000	24.936369	54.911106	Dubai	Persian Gulf	Natural reefs_2	Exposed	Not Significant	Figure 2
Burt et al. 2009	2009	0.0451193	0.0904432	0.0932822	0.1565420	5	5	5	Density	Sessile	Invert_Clay	Invert_Rock	Invert	Y	Corals	Corals	ALL	Anthozoa	Anthozoa		10 x 10 cm	0.01	Y	Tiles	Mixed	sandstonevsterracotta	Sandstone	Rock_sandstone	Rock_Clay	Rock	Terracotta	Clay	Clay_unglazed	Clay	4m	subtidal	Final	12.000000	24.936369	54.911106	Dubai	Persian Gulf	Natural reefs_2	Exposed	Not Significant	Figure 2
Burt et al. 2009	2009	0.0468966	0.0936433	0.0932822	0.1565420	5	5	5	Density	Sessile	Invert_Clay	Invert_Rock	Invert	Y	Corals	Corals	ALL	Anthozoa	Anthozoa		10 x 10 cm	0.01	Y	Tiles	Mixed	granitevsterracotta	Granite	Rock_granite	Rock_Clay	Rock	Terracotta	Clay	Clay_unglazed	Clay	4m	subtidal	Final	12.000000	24.936369	54.911106	Dubai	Persian Gulf	Natural reefs_2	Exposed	Not Significant	Figure 2
Burt et al. 2009	2009	0.1684650	0.2394390	0.0932822	0.1565420	5	5	5	Density	Sessile	Invert_Clay	Invert_Rock	Invert	Y	Corals	Corals	ALL	Anthozoa	Anthozoa		10 x 10 cm	0.01	Y	Tiles	Mixed	gabbrovsterracotta	Gabbro	Rock_gabbro	Rock_Clay	Rock	Terracotta	Clay	Clay_unglazed	Clay	4m	subtidal	Final	12.000000	24.936369	54.911106	Dubai	Persian Gulf	Natural reefs_2	Exposed	Not Significant	Figure 2
Burt et al. 2009	2009	65.4000000	38.0131556	79.2000000	8.8543774	20	20	20	Cover	Sessile	Sessile_Concrete	Sessile_Rock	Sessile	N		Sessile	All				10 x 10 cm	0.01	Y	Tiles	Mixed (parallel to substrate)	sandstonevsconcrete	Sandstone	Rock_sandstone	Rock_Concrete	Rock	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	4m	subtidal	Final	12.000000	24.974592	54.965726	Dubai	Persian Gulf	Natural and breakwater mixed	Exposed	Not Significant	Text
Burt et al. 2009	2009	80.2000000	25.4911749	79.2000000	8.8543774	20	20	20	Cover	Sessile	Sessile_Concrete	Sessile_Rock	Sessile	N		Sessile	All				10 x 10 cm	0.01	Y	Tiles	Mixed (parallel to substrate)	gabbrovsconcrete	Gabbro	Rock_gabbro	Rock_Concrete	Rock	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	4m	subtidal	Final	12.000000	24.974592	54.965726	Dubai	Persian Gulf	Natural and breakwater mixed	Exposed	Not Significant	Text
Burt et al. 2009	2009	85.3000000	29.0688837	79.2000000	8.8543774	20	20	20	Cover	Sessile	Sessile_Concrete	Sessile_Rock	Sessile	N		Sessile	All				10 x 10 cm	0.01	Y	Tiles	Mixed (parallel to substrate)	granitevsconcrete	Granite	Rock_granite	Rock_Concrete	Rock	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	4m	subtidal	Final	12.000000	24.974592	54.965726	Dubai	Persian Gulf	Natural and breakwater mixed	Exposed	Not Significant	Text
Burt et al. 2009	2009	65.4000000	38.0131556	74.5000000	28.1744565	20	20	20	Cover	Sessile	Sessile_Clay	Sessile_Rock	Sessile	N		Sessile	All				10 x 10 cm	0.01	Y	Tiles	Mixed (parallel to substrate)	sandstonevsterracotta	Sandstone	Rock_sandstone	Rock_Clay	Rock	Terracotta	Clay	Clay_unglazed	Clay	4m	subtidal	Final	12.000000	24.974592	54.965726	Dubai	Persian Gulf	Natural and breakwater mixed	Exposed	Not Significant	Text
Burt et al. 2009	2009	85.3000000	29.0688837	74.5000000	28.1744565	20	20	20	Cover	Sessile	Sessile_Clay	Sessile_Rock	Sessile	N		Sessile	All				10 x 10 cm	0.01	Y	Tiles	Mixed (parallel to substrate)	granitevsterracotta	Granite	Rock_granite	Rock_Clay	Rock	Terracotta	Clay	Clay_unglazed	Clay	4m	subtidal	Final	12.000000	24.974592	54.965726	Dubai	Persian Gulf	Natural and breakwater mixed	Exposed	Not Significant	Text
Burt et al. 2009	2009	80.2000000	25.4911749	74.5000000	28.1744565	20	20	20	Cover	Sessile	Sessile_Clay	Sessile_Rock	Sessile	N		Sessile	All				10 x 10 cm	0.01	Y	Tiles	Mixed (parallel to substrate)	gabbrovsterracotta	Gabbro	Rock_gabbro	Rock_Clay	Rock	Terracotta	Clay	Clay_unglazed	Clay	4m	subtidal	Final	12.000000	24.974592	54.965726	Dubai	Persian Gulf	Natural and breakwater mixed	Exposed	Not Significant	Text
Chapman & Clynick 2006	2006	15.0000000	NA	16.0000000	NA	60	60	60	Richness	Sessile	Algae_Metal	Algae_Wood	Algae	N		Algae	ALL				NA	NA	Y	Reef	Mixed (vertical and horizontal)	woodvsmetal	Wood	Wood_unclassified	Wood_Metal	Wood	Metal	Metal_unclassified	Metal_unclassified	Metal	6 m	subtidal	Final	19.000000	-33.85	151.54	Australia	Sydney harbour	Reef	Sheltered	Not Significant	Table1
Chapman & Clynick 2006	2006	14.0000000	NA	16.0000000	NA	1	1	1	Richness	Fish	Fish_Metal	Fish_Rock	Fish	N		Fish	all				1.5mx1.5mx0.8m	NA	Y	Reef	Mixed (vertical and horizontal)	rockvstyre	Rock	Rock_unclassified	Rock_Metal	Rock	Metal	Metal_unclassified	Metal_unclassified	Metal	6 m	subtidal	Final	19.000000	-33.85	151.54	Australia	Sydney harbour	Reef	Sheltered	NS	Figure6	Replicates - Fish are counted over the whole reef, no quadrats used.. All replicates for each substrate have been summed (not averaged), therefore the replicate for the mean and control in this case is 1. Size of sampled area in m2 - this is NA as the area above each reef was included too.
Chapman & Clynick 2006	2006	13.0000000	NA	16.0000000	NA	60	60	60	Richness	Sessile	Algae_Metal	Algae_Rock	Algae	N		Algae	ALL				NA	NA	Y	Reef	Mixed (vertical and horizontal)	rockvsmetal	Rock	Rock_unclassified	Rock_Metal	Rock	Metal	Metal_unclassified	Metal_unclassified	Metal	6 m	subtidal	Final	19.000000	-33.85	151.54	Australia	Sydney harbour	Reef	Sheltered	Not Significant	Table1
Chapman & Clynick 2006	2006	11.0000000	NA	16.0000000	NA	1	1	1	Richness	Fish	Fish_Metal	Fish_Wood	Fish	N		Fish	all				1.5mx1.5mx0.8m	NA	Y	Reef	Mixed (vertical and horizontal)	woodvsmetal	Wood	Wood_unclassified	Wood_Metal	Wood	Metal	Metal_unclassified	Metal_unclassified	Metal	6 m	subtidal	Final	19.000000	-33.85	151.54	Australia	Sydney harbour	Reef	Sheltered	NS	Figure6	Replicates - Fish are counted over the whole reef, no quadrats used.. All replicates for each substrate have been summed (not averaged), therefore the replicate for the mean and control in this case is 1. Size of sampled area in m2 - this is NA as the area above each reef was included too.
Chapman & Clynick 2006	2006	24.3070000	64.0547801	29.8507000	31.0159355	60	60	60	Cover	Sessile	Algae_Polymer	Algae_Rock	Algae	N		Algae	all				1.5mx1.5mx0.8m	2.25	Y	Reef	Mixed (vertical and horizontal)	bouldervstyre	Sandstone	Rock_sandstone	Rock_Polymer	Rock	Rubber	Polymer_rubber	Polymer_rubber	Polymer	6 m	subtidal	NA	4.000000	-33.85	151.54	Australia	Sydney harbour	Reef	Sheltered	Not Significant	Fig 2 b
Chapman & Clynick 2006	2006	24.3070000	64.0547801	20.6823000	36.4101487	60	60	60	Cover	Sessile	Algae_Metal	Algae_Rock	Algae	N		Algae	all				1.5mx1.5mx0.8m	2.25	Y	Reef	Mixed (vertical and horizontal)	bouldervsmetal	Sandstone	Rock_sandstone	Rock_Metal	Rock	Metal	Metal_unclassified	Metal_unclassified	Metal	6 m	subtidal	NA	4.000000	-33.85	151.54	Australia	Sydney harbour	Reef	Sheltered	Not Significant	Fig 2 b
Chapman & Clynick 2006	2006	24.9467000	37.0843463	29.8507000	31.0159355	60	60	60	Cover	Sessile	Algae_Polymer	Algae_Wood	Algae	N		Algae	all				1.5mx1.5mx0.8m	1.1304	Y	Reef	Mixed (vertical and horizontal)	woodvstyre	Wood	Wood_unclassified	Wood_Polymer	Wood	Rubber	Polymer_rubber	Polymer_rubber	Polymer	6 m	subtidal	NA	4.000000	-33.85	151.54	Australia	Sydney harbour	Reef	Sheltered	Not Significant	Fig 2 b	4.5 - 6m on sandy bottom 100m offshore
Chapman & Clynick 2006	2006	24.9467000	37.0843463	20.6823000	36.4101487	60	60	60	Cover	Sessile	Algae_Metal	Algae_Wood	Algae	N		Algae	all				1.5mx1.5mx0.8m	2.25	Y	Reef	Mixed (vertical and horizontal)	woodvsmetal	Wood	Wood_unclassified	Wood_Metal	Wood	Metal	Metal_unclassified	Metal_unclassified	Metal	6 m	subtidal	NA	4.000000	-33.85	151.54	Australia	Sydney harbour	Reef	Sheltered	Not Significant	Fig 2 b
Chapman & Clynick 2006	2006	50.5330000	8.0913198	59.4883000	15.5078097	60	60	60	Cover	Sessile	Algae_Polymer	Algae_Wood	Algae	N		Algae	all				1.5mx1.5mx0.8m	2.25	Y	Reef	Mixed (vertical and horizontal)	woodvstyre	Wood	Wood_unclassified	Wood_Polymer	Wood	Rubber	Polymer_rubber	Polymer_rubber	Polymer	6 m	subtidal	Final	19.000000	-33.85	151.54	Australia	Sydney harbour	Reef	Sheltered	Not Significant	Fig 2 b
Chapman & Clynick 2006	2006	50.5330000	8.0913198	50.9595000	47.1982590	60	60	60	Cover	Sessile	Algae_Metal	Algae_Wood	Algae	N		Algae	all				1.5mx1.5mx0.8m	2.25	Y	Reef	Mixed (vertical and horizontal)	woodvsmetal	Wood	Wood_unclassified	Wood_Metal	Wood	Metal	Metal_unclassified	Metal_unclassified	Metal	6 m	subtidal	Final	19.000000	-33.85	151.54	Australia	Sydney harbour	Reef	Sheltered	Not Significant	Fig 2 b
Chapman & Clynick 2006	2006	56.0768000	16.1820072	64.8188000	11.4623078	60	60	60	Cover	Sessile	Algae_Metal	Algae_Wood	Algae	N		Algae	all				1.5mx1.5mx0.8m	2.25	Y	Reef	Mixed (vertical and horizontal)	woodvsmetal	Wood	Wood_unclassified	Wood_Metal	Wood	Metal	Metal_unclassified	Metal_unclassified	Metal	6 m	subtidal	NA	13.000000	-33.85	151.54	Australia	Sydney harbour	Reef	Sheltered	Not Significant	Fig 2 b
Chapman & Clynick 2006	2006	56.0768000	16.1820072	60.1279000	8.0913198	60	60	60	Cover	Sessile	Algae_Polymer	Algae_Wood	Algae	N		Algae	all				1.5mx1.5mx0.8m	2.25	Y	Reef	Mixed (vertical and horizontal)	woodvstyre	Wood	Wood_unclassified	Wood_Polymer	Wood	Rubber	Polymer_rubber	Polymer_rubber	Polymer	6 m	subtidal	NA	13.000000	-33.85	151.54	Australia	Sydney harbour	Reef	Sheltered	Not Significant	Fig 2 b
Chapman & Clynick 2006	2006	56.0768000	41.1298482	59.4883000	15.5078097	60	60	60	Cover	Sessile	Algae_Polymer	Algae_Rock	Algae	N		Algae	all				1.5mx1.5mx0.8m	2.25	Y	Reef	Mixed (vertical and horizontal)	bouldervstyre	Sandstone	Rock_sandstone	Rock_Polymer	Rock	Rubber	Polymer_rubber	Polymer_rubber	Polymer	6 m	subtidal	Final	19.000000	-33.85	151.54	Australia	Sydney harbour	Reef	Sheltered	Not Significant	Fig 2 b
Chapman & Clynick 2006	2006	56.0768000	41.1298482	50.9595000	47.1982590	60	60	60	Cover	Sessile	Algae_Metal	Algae_Rock	Algae	N		Algae	all				1.5mx1.5mx0.8m	2.25	Y	Reef	Mixed (vertical and horizontal)	bouldervsmetal	Sandstone	Rock_sandstone	Rock_Metal	Rock	Metal	Metal_unclassified	Metal_unclassified	Metal	6 m	subtidal	Final	19.000000	-33.85	151.54	Australia	Sydney harbour	Reef	Sheltered	Not Significant	Fig 2 b
Chapman & Clynick 2006	2006	70.3625000	16.8565211	72.7079000	9.4397150	60	60	60	Cover	Sessile	Algae_Polymer	Algae_Wood	Algae	N		Algae	all				1.5mx1.5mx0.8m	2.25	Y	Reef	Mixed (vertical and horizontal)	woodvstyre	Wood	Wood_unclassified	Wood_Polymer	Wood	Rubber	Polymer_rubber	Polymer_rubber	Polymer	6 m	subtidal	NA	16.000000	-33.85	151.54	Australia	Sydney harbour	Reef	Sheltered	Not Significant	Fig 2 b
Chapman & Clynick 2006	2006	70.3625000	16.8565211	71.4286000	6.7426084	60	60	60	Cover	Sessile	Algae_Metal	Algae_Wood	Algae	N		Algae	all				1.5mx1.5mx0.8m	2.25	Y	Reef	Mixed (vertical and horizontal)	woodvsmetal	Wood	Wood_unclassified	Wood_Metal	Wood	Metal	Metal_unclassified	Metal_unclassified	Metal	6 m	subtidal	NA	16.000000	-33.85	151.54	Australia	Sydney harbour	Reef	Sheltered	Not Significant	Fig 2 b
Chapman & Clynick 2006	2006	72.4947000	13.4852169	64.8188000	11.4623078	60	60	60	Cover	Sessile	Algae_Metal	Algae_Rock	Algae	N		Algae	all				1.5mx1.5mx0.8m	2.25	Y	Reef	Mixed (vertical and horizontal)	bouldervsmetal	Sandstone	Rock_sandstone	Rock_Metal	Rock	Metal	Metal_unclassified	Metal_unclassified	Metal	6 m	subtidal	NA	13.000000	-33.85	151.54	Australia	Sydney harbour	Reef	Sheltered	Not Significant	Fig 2 b
Chapman & Clynick 2006	2006	72.4947000	13.4852169	60.1279000	8.0913198	60	60	60	Cover	Sessile	Algae_Polymer	Algae_Rock	Algae	N		Algae	all				1.5mx1.5mx0.8m	2.25	Y	Reef	Mixed (vertical and horizontal)	bouldervstyre	Sandstone	Rock_sandstone	Rock_Polymer	Rock	Rubber	Polymer_rubber	Polymer_rubber	Polymer	6 m	subtidal	NA	13.000000	-33.85	151.54	Australia	Sydney harbour	Reef	Sheltered	Not Significant	Fig 2 b
Chapman & Clynick 2006	2006	72.7079000	7.4168060	72.7079000	9.4397150	60	60	60	Cover	Sessile	Algae_Polymer	Algae_Rock	Algae	N		Algae	all				1.5mx1.5mx0.8m	2.25	Y	Reef	Mixed (vertical and horizontal)	bouldervstyre	Sandstone	Rock_sandstone	Rock_Polymer	Rock	Rubber	Polymer_rubber	Polymer_rubber	Polymer	6 m	subtidal	NA	16.000000	-33.85	151.54	Australia	Sydney harbour	Reef	Sheltered	Not Significant	Fig 2 b
Chapman & Clynick 2006	2006	72.7079000	7.4168060	71.4286000	6.7426084	60	60	60	Cover	Sessile	Algae_Metal	Algae_Rock	Algae	N		Algae	all				1.5mx1.5mx0.8m	2.25	Y	Reef	Mixed (vertical and horizontal)	bouldervsmetal	Sandstone	Rock_sandstone	Rock_Metal	Rock	Metal	Metal_unclassified	Metal_unclassified	Metal	6 m	subtidal	NA	16.000000	-33.85	151.54	Australia	Sydney harbour	Reef	Sheltered	Not Significant	Fig 2 b
Chapman & Clynick 2006	2006	76.9723000	8.0910036	85.9275000	9.4397150	60	60	60	Cover	Sessile	Algae_Polymer	Algae_Wood	Algae	N		Algae	all				1.5mx1.5mx0.8m	2.25	Y	Reef	Mixed (vertical and horizontal)	woodvstyre	Wood	Wood_unclassified	Wood_Polymer	Wood	Rubber	Polymer_rubber	Polymer_rubber	Polymer	6 m	subtidal	NA	10.000000	-33.85	151.54	Australia	Sydney harbour	Reef	Sheltered	Not Significant	Fig 2 b
Chapman & Clynick 2006	2006	76.9723000	8.0910036	75.2665000	6.0684108	60	60	60	Cover	Sessile	Algae_Metal	Algae_Wood	Algae	N		Algae	all				1.5mx1.5mx0.8m	2.25	Y	Reef	Mixed (vertical and horizontal)	woodvsmetal	Wood	Wood_unclassified	Wood_Metal	Wood	Metal	Metal_unclassified	Metal_unclassified	Metal	6 m	subtidal	NA	10.000000	-33.85	151.54	Australia	Sydney harbour	Reef	Sheltered	Not Significant	Fig 2 b
Chapman & Clynick 2006	2006	82.0896000	28.9930265	89.3390000	5.3942132	60	60	60	Cover	Sessile	Algae_Metal	Algae_Wood	Algae	N		Algae	all				1.5mx1.5mx0.8m	2.25	Y	Reef	Mixed (vertical and horizontal)	woodvsmetal	Wood	Wood_unclassified	Wood_Metal	Wood	Metal	Metal_unclassified	Metal_unclassified	Metal	6 m	subtidal	NA	7.000000	-33.85	151.54	Australia	Sydney harbour	Reef	Sheltered	Not Significant	Fig 2 b
Chapman & Clynick 2006	2006	82.0896000	28.9930265	87.4200000	6.7426084	60	60	60	Cover	Sessile	Algae_Polymer	Algae_Wood	Algae	N		Algae	all				1.5mx1.5mx0.8m	2.25	Y	Reef	Mixed (vertical and horizontal)	woodvstyre	Wood	Wood_unclassified	Wood_Polymer	Wood	Rubber	Polymer_rubber	Polymer_rubber	Polymer	6 m	subtidal	NA	7.000000	-33.85	151.54	Australia	Sydney harbour	Reef	Sheltered	Not Significant	Fig 2 b
Chapman & Clynick 2006	2006	84.8614000	12.8110193	85.9275000	9.4397150	60	60	60	Cover	Sessile	Algae_Polymer	Algae_Rock	Algae	N		Algae	all				1.5mx1.5mx0.8m	2.25	Y	Reef	Mixed (vertical and horizontal)	bouldervstyre	Sandstone	Rock_sandstone	Rock_Polymer	Rock	Rubber	Polymer_rubber	Polymer_rubber	Polymer	6 m	subtidal	NA	10.000000	-33.85	151.54	Australia	Sydney harbour	Reef	Sheltered	Not Significant	Fig 2 b
Chapman & Clynick 2006	2006	84.8614000	12.8110193	75.2665000	6.0684108	60	60	60	Cover	Sessile	Algae_Metal	Algae_Rock	Algae	N		Algae	all				1.5mx1.5mx0.8m	2.25	Y	Reef	Mixed (vertical and horizontal)	bouldervsmetal	Sandstone	Rock_sandstone	Rock_Metal	Rock	Metal	Metal_unclassified	Metal_unclassified	Metal	6 m	subtidal	NA	10.000000	-33.85	151.54	Australia	Sydney harbour	Reef	Sheltered	Not Significant	Fig 2 b
Chapman & Clynick 2006	2006	86.3539000	10.7884265	89.3390000	5.3942132	60	60	60	Cover	Sessile	Algae_Metal	Algae_Rock	Algae	N		Algae	all				1.5mx1.5mx0.8m	2.25	Y	Reef	Mixed (vertical and horizontal)	bouldervsmetal	Sandstone	Rock_sandstone	Rock_Metal	Rock	Metal	Metal_unclassified	Metal_unclassified	Metal	6 m	subtidal	NA	7.000000	-33.85	151.54	Australia	Sydney harbour	Reef	Sheltered	Not Significant	Fig 2 b
Chapman & Clynick 2006	2006	86.3539000	10.7884265	87.4200000	6.7426084	60	60	60	Cover	Sessile	Algae_Polymer	Algae_Rock	Algae	N		Algae	all				1.5mx1.5mx0.8m	2.25	Y	Reef	Mixed (vertical and horizontal)	bouldervstyre	Sandstone	Rock_sandstone	Rock_Polymer	Rock	Rubber	Polymer_rubber	Polymer_rubber	Polymer	6 m	subtidal	NA	7.000000	-33.85	151.54	Australia	Sydney harbour	Reef	Sheltered	Not Significant	Fig 2 b
Vaz-pinto et al 2013	2013	17.3420200	5.5786585	15.8011700	4.8213020	12	12	12	Richness	Benthic	Benthic_Polymer	Benthic_Rock	Benthic	N		Invertebrates (and algae)	All				7x7cm	0.0049	Y	Tile		FibreglassvsBassalt	Basalt	Rock_basalt	Rock_Polymer	Rock	Fibreglass	Polymer_fibreglass	Polymer_fibreglass	Polymer	1m	subtidal	Final	12.000000	37.7804	25.497	Sao Miguel, Azores	Mid-Atlantic	Marinas_winter deploy_12	Sheltered	Significant	Figure2a/b- Winter deployment	Added native and non-native species together
Chapman & Clynick 2006	2006	21.0000000	NA	15.0000000	NA	60	60	60	Richness	Sessile	Invert_Polymer	Invert_Wood	Invert	N		Invertebrates	ALL				NA	NA	Y	Reef	Mixed (vertical and horizontal)	woodvstyre	Wood	Wood_unclassified	Wood_Polymer	Wood	Rubber	Polymer_rubber	Polymer_rubber	Polymer	6 m	subtidal	Final	19.000000	-33.85	151.54	Australia	Sydney harbour	Reef	Sheltered	Not Significant	Table1
Chapman & Clynick 2006	2006	14.0000000	NA	15.0000000	NA	60	60	60	Richness	Sessile	Invert_Polymer	Invert_Rock	Invert	N		Invertebrates	ALL				NA	NA	Y	Reef	Mixed (vertical and horizontal)	rockvstyre	Rock	Rock_unclassified	Rock_Polymer	Rock	Rubber	Polymer_rubber	Polymer_rubber	Polymer	6 m	subtidal	Final	19.000000	-33.85	151.54	Australia	Sydney harbour	Reef	Sheltered	Not Significant	Table1
Vaz-pinto et al 2013	2013	14.9678200	5.9108659	14.9738100	5.2275372	12	12	12	Richness	Benthic	Benthic_Polymer	Benthic_Rock	Benthic	N		Invertebrates (and algae)	All				7x7cm	0.0049	Y	Tile		FibreglassvsBassalt	Basalt	Rock_basalt	Rock_Polymer	Rock	Fibreglass	Polymer_fibreglass	Polymer_fibreglass	Polymer	1m	subtidal	Final	12.000000	37.7804	25.497	Sao Miguel, Azores	Mid-Atlantic	Marinas_summer deploy_12	Sheltered	Significant	Figure2a/b- Summer deployment	Added native and non-native species together
Chapman & Clynick 2006	2006	11.0000000	NA	14.0000000	NA	1	1	1	Richness	Fish	Fish_Metal	Fish_Wood	Fish	N		Fish	all				1.5mx1.5mx0.8m	NA	Y	Reef	Mixed (vertical and horizontal)	woodvsmetal	Wood	Wood_unclassified	Wood_Metal	Wood	Metal	Metal_unclassified	Metal_unclassified	Metal	6 m	subtidal	NA	16.000000	-33.85	151.54	Australia	Sydney harbour	Reef	Sheltered	Significant	Figure6	Replicates - Fish are counted over the whole reef, no quadrats used.. All replicates for each substrate have been summed (not averaged), therefore the replicate for the mean and control in this case is 1. Size of sampled area in m2 - this is NA as the area above each reef was included too.
Chapman & Clynick 2006	2006	10.0000000	NA	14.0000000	NA	1	1	1	Richness	Fish	Fish_Metal	Fish_Rock	Fish	N		Fish	all				1.5mx1.5mx0.8m	NA	Y	Reef	Mixed (vertical and horizontal)	rockvstyre	Rock	Rock_unclassified	Rock_Metal	Rock	Metal	Metal_unclassified	Metal_unclassified	Metal	6 m	subtidal	NA	16.000000	-33.85	151.54	Australia	Sydney harbour	Reef	Sheltered	Significant	Figure6	Replicates - Fish are counted over the whole reef, no quadrats used.. All replicates for each substrate have been summed (not averaged), therefore the replicate for the mean and control in this case is 1. Size of sampled area in m2 - this is NA as the area above each reef was included too.
Vaz-pinto et al 2013	2013	15.2871700	4.4276415	13.6531300	4.2709948	12	12	12	Richness	Benthic	Benthic_Polymer	Benthic_Rock	Benthic	N		Invertebrates (and algae)	All				7x7cm	0.0049	Y	Tile		FibreglassvsBassalt	Basalt	Rock_basalt	Rock_Polymer	Rock	Fibreglass	Polymer_fibreglass	Polymer_fibreglass	Polymer	1m	subtidal	Final	3.000000	37.7804	25.497	Sao Miguel, Azores	Mid-Atlantic	Marinas_summer deploy_3	Sheltered	Significant	Figure2a/b- Summer deployment	Added native and non-native species together
Ushiama2016	2016	18.7393000	1.1290000	13.3967000	1.1286000	8	8	8	Richness	Sessile	Sessile_Metal	Sessile_Wood	Sessile	No			All				11x11cm	0.0121	Y	Tile	mixed	WoodvsSteel	Turpentine Tree	Wood_unclassified	Wood_Metal	Wood	Steel	Metal_steel	Metal_steel	Metal	NA	subtidal	Final	3.000000	-33.83	151.29	Australia	East	Reef	exposed	Significant	Figure 3
Ushiama2016	2016	18.3250000	3.1280000	13.3967000	1.1286000	8	8	8	Richness	Sessile	Sessile_Metal	Sessile_Rock	Sessile	No			All				11x11cm	0.0121	Y	Tile	mixed	RockvsSteel	Sandstone	Rock_sandstone	Rock_Metal	Rock	Steel	Metal_steel	Metal_steel	Metal	NA	subtidal	Final	3.000000	-33.83	151.29	Australia	East	Reef	exposed	Significant	Figure 3
Chapman & Clynick 2006	2006	15.0000000	NA	13.0000000	NA	60	60	60	Richness	Sessile	Algae_Polymer	Algae_Wood	Algae	N		Algae	ALL				NA	NA	Y	Reef	Mixed (vertical and horizontal)	woodvstyre	Wood	Wood_unclassified	Wood_Polymer	Wood	Rubber	Polymer_rubber	Polymer_rubber	Polymer	6 m	subtidal	Final	19.000000	-33.85	151.54	Australia	Sydney harbour	Reef	Sheltered	Not Significant	Table1
Chapman & Clynick 2006	2006	14.0000000	NA	13.0000000	NA	1	1	1	Richness	Fish	Fish_Polymer	Fish_Rock	Fish	N		Fish	all				1.5mx1.5mx0.8m	NA	Y	Reef	Mixed (vertical and horizontal)	rockvstyre	Rock	Rock_unclassified	Rock_Polymer	Rock	Rubber	Polymer_rubber	Polymer_rubber	Polymer	6 m	subtidal	Final	19.000000	-33.85	151.54	Australia	Sydney harbour	Reef	Sheltered	NS	Figure6	Replicates - Fish are counted over the whole reef, no quadrats used.. All replicates for each substrate have been summed (not averaged), therefore the replicate for the mean and control in this case is 1. Size of sampled area in m2 - this is NA as the area above each reef was included too.
Chapman & Clynick 2006	2006	13.0000000	NA	13.0000000	NA	60	60	60	Richness	Sessile	Algae_Polymer	Algae_Rock	Algae	N		Algae	ALL				NA	NA	Y	Reef	Mixed (vertical and horizontal)	rockvstyre	Rock	Rock_unclassified	Rock_Polymer	Rock	Rubber	Polymer_rubber	Polymer_rubber	Polymer	6 m	subtidal	Final	19.000000	-33.85	151.54	Australia	Sydney harbour	Reef	Sheltered	Not Significant	Table1
Chapman & Clynick 2006	2006	12.0000000	NA	13.0000000	NA	1	1	1	Richness	Fish	Fish_Polymer	Fish_Wood	Fish	N		Fish	all				1.5mx1.5mx0.8m	NA	Y	Reef	Mixed (vertical and horizontal)	woodvstyre	Wood	Wood_unclassified	Wood_Polymer	Wood	Rubber	Polymer_rubber	Polymer_rubber	Polymer	6 m	subtidal	NA	10.000000	-33.85	151.54	Australia	Sydney harbour	Reef	Sheltered	Significant	Figure6	Replicates - Fish are counted over the whole reef, no quadrats used.. All replicates for each substrate have been summed (not averaged), therefore the replicate for the mean and control in this case is 1. Size of sampled area in m2 - this is NA as the area above each reef was included too.
Chapman & Clynick 2006	2006	11.0000000	NA	13.0000000	NA	1	1	1	Richness	Fish	Fish_Polymer	Fish_Wood	Fish	N		Fish	all				1.5mx1.5mx0.8m	NA	Y	Reef	Mixed (vertical and horizontal)	woodvstyre	Wood	Wood_unclassified	Wood_Polymer	Wood	Rubber	Polymer_rubber	Polymer_rubber	Polymer	6 m	subtidal	Final	19.000000	-33.85	151.54	Australia	Sydney harbour	Reef	Sheltered	NS	Figure6	Replicates - Fish are counted over the whole reef, no quadrats used.. All replicates for each substrate have been summed (not averaged), therefore the replicate for the mean and control in this case is 1. Size of sampled area in m2 - this is NA as the area above each reef was included too.
Chapman & Clynick 2006	2006	10.0000000	NA	13.0000000	NA	1	1	1	Richness	Fish	Fish_Polymer	Fish_Rock	Fish	N		Fish	all				1.5mx1.5mx0.8m	NA	Y	Reef	Mixed (vertical and horizontal)	rockvstyre	Rock	Rock_unclassified	Rock_Polymer	Rock	Rubber	Polymer_rubber	Polymer_rubber	Polymer	6 m	subtidal	NA	10.000000	-33.85	151.54	Australia	Sydney harbour	Reef	Sheltered	Significant	Figure6	Replicates - Fish are counted over the whole reef, no quadrats used.. All replicates for each substrate have been summed (not averaged), therefore the replicate for the mean and control in this case is 1. Size of sampled area in m2 - this is NA as the area above each reef was included too.
Vaz-pinto et al 2013	2013	14.9678200	5.9108659	12.9842300	6.1140008	12	12	12	Richness	Benthic	Benthic_Concrete	Benthic_Rock	Benthic	N		Invertebrates (and algae)	All				7x7cm	0.0049	Y	Tile		ConcretevsBassalt	Basalt	Rock_basalt	Rock_Concrete	Rock	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	1m	subtidal	Final	12.000000	37.7804	25.497	Sao Miguel, Azores	Mid-Atlantic	Marinas_summer deploy_12	Sheltered	Significant	Figure2a/b- Summer deployment	Added native and non-native species together
Chapman & Clynick 2006	2006	21.0000000	NA	12.0000000	NA	60	60	60	Richness	Sessile	Invert_Metal	Invert_Wood	Invert	N		Invertebrates	ALL				NA	NA	Y	Reef	Mixed (vertical and horizontal)	woodvsmetal	Wood	Wood_unclassified	Wood_Metal	Wood	Metal	Metal_unclassified	Metal_unclassified	Metal	6 m	subtidal	Final	19.000000	-33.85	151.54	Australia	Sydney harbour	Reef	Sheltered	Not Significant	Table1
Chapman & Clynick 2006	2006	14.0000000	NA	12.0000000	NA	60	60	60	Richness	Sessile	Invert_Metal	Invert_Rock	Invert	N		Invertebrates	ALL				NA	NA	Y	Reef	Mixed (vertical and horizontal)	rockvsmetal	Rock	Rock_unclassified	Rock_Metal	Rock	Metal	Metal_unclassified	Metal_unclassified	Metal	6 m	subtidal	Final	19.000000	-33.85	151.54	Australia	Sydney harbour	Reef	Sheltered	Not Significant	Table1
Chapman & Clynick 2006	2006	12.0000000	NA	12.0000000	NA	1	1	1	Richness	Fish	Fish_Metal	Fish_Wood	Fish	N		Fish	all				1.5mx1.5mx0.8m	NA	Y	Reef	Mixed (vertical and horizontal)	woodvsmetal	Wood	Wood_unclassified	Wood_Metal	Wood	Metal	Metal_unclassified	Metal_unclassified	Metal	6 m	subtidal	NA	10.000000	-33.85	151.54	Australia	Sydney harbour	Reef	Sheltered	Significant	Figure6	Replicates - Fish are counted over the whole reef, no quadrats used.. All replicates for each substrate have been summed (not averaged), therefore the replicate for the mean and control in this case is 1. Size of sampled area in m2 - this is NA as the area above each reef was included too.
Chapman & Clynick 2006	2006	10.0000000	NA	12.0000000	NA	1	1	1	Richness	Fish	Fish_Metal	Fish_Rock	Fish	N		Fish	all				1.5mx1.5mx0.8m	NA	Y	Reef	Mixed (vertical and horizontal)	rockvstyre	Rock	Rock_unclassified	Rock_Metal	Rock	Metal	Metal_unclassified	Metal_unclassified	Metal	6 m	subtidal	NA	10.000000	-33.85	151.54	Australia	Sydney harbour	Reef	Sheltered	Significant	Figure6	Replicates - Fish are counted over the whole reef, no quadrats used.. All replicates for each substrate have been summed (not averaged), therefore the replicate for the mean and control in this case is 1. Size of sampled area in m2 - this is NA as the area above each reef was included too.
Reed 2005	2005	11.5000000	0.5600000	11.5200000	0.6100000	8	8	8	Richness	Fish	Fish_Concrete	Fish_Rock	Fish	N		Fish	All				1500m2	320	Y	Reef	mixed	ConcreteMedvsRock	Rock	Rock_unclassified	Rock_Concrete	Rock	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	n/a	subtidal	Final	60.000000	33.425076	-117.629032	USA	North pacific	Reef_med	Exposed	NS	FigIII.D.11
Vaz-pinto et al 2013	2013	15.2871700	4.4276415	11.3103400	4.7454035	12	12	12	Richness	Benthic	Benthic_Concrete	Benthic_Rock	Benthic	N		Invertebrates (and algae)	All				7x7cm	0.0049	Y	Tile		ConcretevsBassalt	Basalt	Rock_basalt	Rock_Concrete	Rock	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	1m	subtidal	Final	3.000000	37.7804	25.497	Sao Miguel, Azores	Mid-Atlantic	Marinas_summer deploy_3	Sheltered	Significant	Figure2a/b- Summer deployment	Added native and non-native species together
Reed 2005	2005	10.0530000	0.8370000	11.1900000	0.4700000	8	8	8	Richness	Fish	Fish_Concrete	Fish_Rock	Fish	N		Fish	All				1500m2	320	Y	Reef	mixed	ConcreteLowvsRock	Rock	Rock_unclassified	Rock_Concrete	Rock	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	n/a	subtidal	Final	60.000000	33.425076	-117.629032	USA	North pacific	Reef_low	Exposed	NS	FigIII.D.11
Chapman & Clynick 2006	2006	12.0000000	NA	11.0000000	NA	1	1	1	Richness	Fish	Fish_Polymer	Fish_Wood	Fish	N		Fish	all				1.5mx1.5mx0.8m	NA	Y	Reef	Mixed (vertical and horizontal)	woodvstyre	Wood	Wood_unclassified	Wood_Polymer	Wood	Rubber	Polymer_rubber	Polymer_rubber	Polymer	6 m	subtidal	NA	4.000000	-33.85	151.54	Australia	Sydney harbour	Reef	Sheltered	Significant	Figure6	Replicates - Fish are counted over the whole reef, no quadrats used.. All replicates for each substrate have been summed (not averaged), therefore the replicate for the mean and control in this case is 1. Size of sampled area in m2 - this is NA as the area above each reef was included too.
Chapman & Clynick 2006	2006	12.0000000	NA	11.0000000	NA	1	1	1	Richness	Fish	Fish_Metal	Fish_Wood	Fish	N		Fish	all				1.5mx1.5mx0.8m	NA	Y	Reef	Mixed (vertical and horizontal)	woodvsmetal	Wood	Wood_unclassified	Wood_Metal	Wood	Metal	Metal_unclassified	Metal_unclassified	Metal	6 m	subtidal	NA	4.000000	-33.85	151.54	Australia	Sydney harbour	Reef	Sheltered	Significant	Figure6	Replicates - Fish are counted over the whole reef, no quadrats used.. All replicates for each substrate have been summed (not averaged), therefore the replicate for the mean and control in this case is 1. Size of sampled area in m2 - this is NA as the area above each reef was included too.
Chapman & Clynick 2006	2006	11.0000000	NA	11.0000000	NA	1	1	1	Richness	Fish	Fish_Polymer	Fish_Wood	Fish	N		Fish	all				1.5mx1.5mx0.8m	NA	Y	Reef	Mixed (vertical and horizontal)	woodvstyre	Wood	Wood_unclassified	Wood_Polymer	Wood	Rubber	Polymer_rubber	Polymer_rubber	Polymer	6 m	subtidal	NA	16.000000	-33.85	151.54	Australia	Sydney harbour	Reef	Sheltered	Significant	Figure6	Replicates - Fish are counted over the whole reef, no quadrats used.. All replicates for each substrate have been summed (not averaged), therefore the replicate for the mean and control in this case is 1. Size of sampled area in m2 - this is NA as the area above each reef was included too.
Chapman & Clynick 2006	2006	10.0000000	NA	11.0000000	NA	1	1	1	Richness	Fish	Fish_Polymer	Fish_Rock	Fish	N		Fish	all				1.5mx1.5mx0.8m	NA	Y	Reef	Mixed (vertical and horizontal)	rockvstyre	Rock	Rock_unclassified	Rock_Polymer	Rock	Rubber	Polymer_rubber	Polymer_rubber	Polymer	6 m	subtidal	NA	16.000000	-33.85	151.54	Australia	Sydney harbour	Reef	Sheltered	Significant	Figure6	Replicates - Fish are counted over the whole reef, no quadrats used.. All replicates for each substrate have been summed (not averaged), therefore the replicate for the mean and control in this case is 1. Size of sampled area in m2 - this is NA as the area above each reef was included too.
Chapman & Clynick 2006	2006	9.0000000	NA	11.0000000	NA	1	1	1	Richness	Fish	Fish_Metal	Fish_Rock	Fish	N		Fish	all				1.5mx1.5mx0.8m	NA	Y	Reef	Mixed (vertical and horizontal)	rockvstyre	Rock	Rock_unclassified	Rock_Metal	Rock	Metal	Metal_unclassified	Metal_unclassified	Metal	6 m	subtidal	NA	4.000000	-33.85	151.54	Australia	Sydney harbour	Reef	Sheltered	Significant	Figure6	Replicates - Fish are counted over the whole reef, no quadrats used.. All replicates for each substrate have been summed (not averaged), therefore the replicate for the mean and control in this case is 1. Size of sampled area in m2 - this is NA as the area above each reef was included too.
Chase2015	2015	53.4500000	NA	39.8000000	NA	6	6	6	Cover	Sessile	Invert_Concrete	Invert_Rock	Invert	N	Invertebrates							0.0064	Y	Tile	downfacing	granitevsconcrete	Granite	Rock_granite	Rock_Concrete	Rock	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete		NA	N	1.839884	43°04’14.5"N	70°42’46.5"W	University of New Hampshire Coastal Marine Laboratory in New Castle, NH		8 wks		USA	Figure 2.4
Chase2015	2015	53.4500000	NA	67.6000000	NA	6	6	6	Cover	Sessile	Invert_Polymer	Invert_Rock	Invert	N	Invertebrates							0.0064	Y	Tile	downfacing	granitevsHDPE	Granite	Rock_granite	Rock_Polymer	Rock	HDPE	Polymer_mix	Polymer_mix	Polymer		NA	N	1.839884	43°04’14.5"N	70°42’46.5"W	University of New Hampshire Coastal Marine Laboratory in New Castle, NH		8 wks		USA	Figure 2.4
Chase2015	2015	53.4500000	NA	55.4100000	NA	6	6	6	Cover	Sessile	Invert_Polymer	Invert_Rock	Invert	N	Invertebrates							0.0064	Y	Tile	downfacing	granitevsPVC	Granite	Rock_granite	Rock_Polymer	Rock	PVC	Polymer_mix	Polymer_mix	Polymer		NA	N	1.839884	43°04’14.5"N	70°42’46.5"W	University of New Hampshire Coastal Marine Laboratory in New Castle, NH		8 wks		USA	Figure 2.4
Chase2015	2015	54.5100000	NA	67.1900000	NA	6	6	6	Cover	Sessile	Invert_Concrete	Invert_Rock	Invert	N	Invertebrates							0.0064	Y	Tile	downfacing	granitevsconcrete	Granite	Rock_granite	Rock_Concrete	Rock	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete		NA	N	2.299855	43°04’14.5"N	70°42’46.5"W	University of New Hampshire Coastal Marine Laboratory in New Castle, NH		10 wks		USA	Figure 2.4
Chase2015	2015	54.5100000	NA	44.2600000	NA	6	6	6	Cover	Sessile	Invert_Polymer	Invert_Rock	Invert	N	Invertebrates							0.0064	Y	Tile	downfacing	granitevsHDPE	Granite	Rock_granite	Rock_Polymer	Rock	HDPE	Polymer_mix	Polymer_mix	Polymer		NA	N	2.299855	43°04’14.5"N	70°42’46.5"W	University of New Hampshire Coastal Marine Laboratory in New Castle, NH		10 wks		USA	Figure 2.4
Chase2015	2015	54.5100000	NA	50.6100000	NA	6	6	6	Cover	Sessile	Invert_Polymer	Invert_Rock	Invert	N	Invertebrates							0.0064	Y	Tile	downfacing	granitevsPVC	Granite	Rock_granite	Rock_Polymer	Rock	PVC	Polymer_mix	Polymer_mix	Polymer		NA	N	2.299855	43°04’14.5"N	70°42’46.5"W	University of New Hampshire Coastal Marine Laboratory in New Castle, NH		10 wks		USA	Figure 2.4
Chase2015	2015	54.1100000	NA	67.2800000	NA	6	6	6	Cover	Sessile	Invert_Concrete	Invert_Rock	Invert	N	Invertebrates							0.0064	Y	Tile	downfacing	granitevsconcrete	Granite	Rock_granite	Rock_Concrete	Rock	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete		NA	N	2.759826	43°04’14.5"N	70°42’46.5"W	University of New Hampshire Coastal Marine Laboratory in New Castle, NH		12 wks		USA	Figure 2.4
Chase2015	2015	54.1100000	NA	49.2300000	NA	6	6	6	Cover	Sessile	Invert_Polymer	Invert_Rock	Invert	N	Invertebrates							0.0064	Y	Tile	downfacing	granitevsHDPE	Granite	Rock_granite	Rock_Polymer	Rock	HDPE	Polymer_mix	Polymer_mix	Polymer		NA	N	2.759826	43°04’14.5"N	70°42’46.5"W	University of New Hampshire Coastal Marine Laboratory in New Castle, NH		12 wks		USA	Figure 2.4
Chase2015	2015	54.1100000	NA	47.2700000	NA	6	6	6	Cover	Sessile	Invert_Polymer	Invert_Rock	Invert	N	Invertebrates							0.0064	Y	Tile	downfacing	granitevsPVC	Granite	Rock_granite	Rock_Polymer	Rock	PVC	Polymer_mix	Polymer_mix	Polymer		NA	N	2.759826	43°04’14.5"N	70°42’46.5"W	University of New Hampshire Coastal Marine Laboratory in New Castle, NH		12 wks		USA	Figure 2.4
Chase2015	2015	42.4800000	NA	72.2400000	NA	6	6	6	Cover	Sessile	Invert_Concrete	Invert_Rock	Invert	N	Invertebrates							0.0064	Y	Tile	downfacing	granitevsconcrete	Granite	Rock_granite	Rock_Concrete	Rock	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete		NA	N	3.219797	43°04’14.5"N	70°42’46.5"W	University of New Hampshire Coastal Marine Laboratory in New Castle, NH		14 wks		USA	Figure 2.4
Chase2015	2015	42.4800000	NA	36.1400000	NA	6	6	6	Cover	Sessile	Invert_Polymer	Invert_Rock	Invert	N	Invertebrates							0.0064	Y	Tile	downfacing	granitevsHDPE	Granite	Rock_granite	Rock_Polymer	Rock	HDPE	Polymer_mix	Polymer_mix	Polymer		NA	N	3.219797	43°04’14.5"N	70°42’46.5"W	University of New Hampshire Coastal Marine Laboratory in New Castle, NH		14 wks		USA	Figure 2.4
Chase2015	2015	42.4800000	NA	40.5300000	NA	6	6	6	Cover	Sessile	Invert_Polymer	Invert_Rock	Invert	N	Invertebrates							0.0064	Y	Tile	downfacing	granitevsPVC	Granite	Rock_granite	Rock_Polymer	Rock	PVC	Polymer_mix	Polymer_mix	Polymer		NA	N	3.219797	43°04’14.5"N	70°42’46.5"W	University of New Hampshire Coastal Marine Laboratory in New Castle, NH		14 wks		USA	Figure 2.4
Chase2015	2015	37.1960000	NA	72.3200000	NA	6	6	6	Cover	Sessile	Invert_Concrete	Invert_Rock	Invert	N	Invertebrates							0.0064	Y	Tile	downfacing	granitevsconcrete	Granite	Rock_granite	Rock_Concrete	Rock	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete		NA	N	3.679768	43°04’14.5"N	70°42’46.5"W	University of New Hampshire Coastal Marine Laboratory in New Castle, NH		16 wks		USA	Figure 2.4
Chase2015	2015	37.1960000	NA	32.3200000	NA	6	6	6	Cover	Sessile	Invert_Polymer	Invert_Rock	Invert	N	Invertebrates							0.0064	Y	Tile	downfacing	granitevsHDPE	Granite	Rock_granite	Rock_Polymer	Rock	HDPE	Polymer_mix	Polymer_mix	Polymer		NA	N	3.679768	43°04’14.5"N	70°42’46.5"W	University of New Hampshire Coastal Marine Laboratory in New Castle, NH		16 wks		USA	Figure 2.4
Chase2015	2015	37.1960000	NA	41.1000000	NA	6	6	6	Cover	Sessile	Invert_Polymer	Invert_Rock	Invert	N	Invertebrates							0.0064	Y	Tile	downfacing	granitevsPVC	Granite	Rock_granite	Rock_Polymer	Rock	PVC	Polymer_mix	Polymer_mix	Polymer		NA	N	3.679768	43°04’14.5"N	70°42’46.5"W	University of New Hampshire Coastal Marine Laboratory in New Castle, NH		16 wks		USA	Figure 2.4
Chase2015	2015	39.2300000	NA	72.8800000	NA	6	6	6	Cover	Sessile	Invert_Concrete	Invert_Rock	Invert	N	Invertebrates							0.0064	Y	Tile	downfacing	granitevsconcrete	Granite	Rock_granite	Rock_Concrete	Rock	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete		NA	N	4.139739	43°04’14.5"N	70°42’46.5"W	University of New Hampshire Coastal Marine Laboratory in New Castle, NH		18 wks		USA	Figure 2.4
Chase2015	2015	39.2300000	NA	36.7900000	NA	6	6	6	Cover	Sessile	Invert_Polymer	Invert_Rock	Invert	N	Invertebrates							0.0064	Y	Tile	downfacing	granitevsHDPE	Granite	Rock_granite	Rock_Polymer	Rock	HDPE	Polymer_mix	Polymer_mix	Polymer		NA	N	4.139739	43°04’14.5"N	70°42’46.5"W	University of New Hampshire Coastal Marine Laboratory in New Castle, NH		18 wks		USA	Figure 2.4
Chase2015	2015	39.2300000	NA	47.0300000	NA	6	6	6	Cover	Sessile	Invert_Polymer	Invert_Rock	Invert	N	Invertebrates							0.0064	Y	Tile	downfacing	granitevsPVC	Granite	Rock_granite	Rock_Polymer	Rock	PVC	Polymer_mix	Polymer_mix	Polymer		NA	N	4.139739	43°04’14.5"N	70°42’46.5"W	University of New Hampshire Coastal Marine Laboratory in New Castle, NH		18 wks		USA	Figure 2.4
Chase2015	2015	55.9000000	NA	71.9900000	NA	6	6	6	Cover	Sessile	Invert_Concrete	Invert_Rock	Invert	N	Invertebrates							0.0064	Y	Tile	downfacing	granitevsconcrete	Granite	Rock_granite	Rock_Concrete	Rock	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete		NA	N	4.599710	43°04’14.5"N	70°42’46.5"W	University of New Hampshire Coastal Marine Laboratory in New Castle, NH		20 wks		USA	Figure 2.4
Chase2015	2015	55.9000000	NA	49.5600000	NA	6	6	6	Cover	Sessile	Invert_Polymer	Invert_Rock	Invert	N	Invertebrates							0.0064	Y	Tile	downfacing	granitevsHDPE	Granite	Rock_granite	Rock_Polymer	Rock	HDPE	Polymer_mix	Polymer_mix	Polymer		NA	N	4.599710	43°04’14.5"N	70°42’46.5"W	University of New Hampshire Coastal Marine Laboratory in New Castle, NH		20 wks		USA	Figure 2.4
Chase2015	2015	55.9000000	NA	55.4100000	NA	6	6	6	Cover	Sessile	Invert_Polymer	Invert_Rock	Invert	N	Invertebrates							0.0064	Y	Tile	downfacing	granitevsPVC	Granite	Rock_granite	Rock_Polymer	Rock	PVC	Polymer_mix	Polymer_mix	Polymer		NA	N	4.599710	43°04’14.5"N	70°42’46.5"W	University of New Hampshire Coastal Marine Laboratory in New Castle, NH		20 wks		USA	Figure 2.4
Chase2015	2015	66.7000000	NA	79.3900000	NA	6	6	6	Cover	Sessile	Invert_Concrete	Invert_Rock	Invert	N	Invertebrates							0.0064	Y	Tile	downfacing	granitevsconcrete	Granite	Rock_granite	Rock_Concrete	Rock	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete		NA	N	5.059681	43°04’14.5"N	70°42’46.5"W	University of New Hampshire Coastal Marine Laboratory in New Castle, NH		22 wks		USA	Figure 2.4
Chase2015	2015	66.7000000	NA	56.9500000	NA	6	6	6	Cover	Sessile	Invert_Polymer	Invert_Rock	Invert	N	Invertebrates							0.0064	Y	Tile	downfacing	granitevsHDPE	Granite	Rock_granite	Rock_Polymer	Rock	HDPE	Polymer_mix	Polymer_mix	Polymer		NA	N	5.059681	43°04’14.5"N	70°42’46.5"W	University of New Hampshire Coastal Marine Laboratory in New Castle, NH		22 wks		USA	Figure 2.4
Chase2015	2015	66.7000000	NA	63.7800000	NA	6	6	6	Cover	Sessile	Invert_Polymer	Invert_Rock	Invert	N	Invertebrates							0.0064	Y	Tile	downfacing	granitevsPVC	Granite	Rock_granite	Rock_Polymer	Rock	PVC	Polymer_mix	Polymer_mix	Polymer		NA	N	5.059681	43°04’14.5"N	70°42’46.5"W	University of New Hampshire Coastal Marine Laboratory in New Castle, NH		22 wks		USA	Figure 2.4
Chase2015	2015	66.3000000	NA	83.3700000	NA	6	6	6	Cover	Sessile	Invert_Concrete	Invert_Rock	Invert	N	Invertebrates							0.0064	Y	Tile	downfacing	granitevsconcrete	Granite	Rock_granite	Rock_Concrete	Rock	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete		NA	N	5.519652	43°04’14.5"N	70°42’46.5"W	University of New Hampshire Coastal Marine Laboratory in New Castle, NH		24 wks		USA	Figure 2.4
Chase2015	2015	66.3000000	NA	63.8600000	NA	6	6	6	Cover	Sessile	Invert_Polymer	Invert_Rock	Invert	N	Invertebrates							0.0064	Y	Tile	downfacing	granitevsHDPE	Granite	Rock_granite	Rock_Polymer	Rock	HDPE	Polymer_mix	Polymer_mix	Polymer		NA	N	5.519652	43°04’14.5"N	70°42’46.5"W	University of New Hampshire Coastal Marine Laboratory in New Castle, NH		24 wks		USA	Figure 2.4
Chase2015	2015	66.3000000	NA	74.1100000	NA	6	6	6	Cover	Sessile	Invert_Polymer	Invert_Rock	Invert	N	Invertebrates							0.0064	Y	Tile	downfacing	granitevsPVC	Granite	Rock_granite	Rock_Polymer	Rock	PVC	Polymer_mix	Polymer_mix	Polymer		NA	N	5.519652	43°04’14.5"N	70°42’46.5"W	University of New Hampshire Coastal Marine Laboratory in New Castle, NH		24 wks		USA	Figure 2.4
Fitzharding & Bailey-Brock 1989	1989	14.7527000	12.0402869	32.4475000	48.5141780	5	5	5	Density	Sessile	Invert_Metal	Invert_Biogenic	Invert	Y	Corals	Corals	Montipora species (coral)	Montipora	Anthozoa		15 x 15cm plates	0.0225	Y	Tile	Horizontal	coralvsmetal	Coral	Biogenic_coral	Biogenic_Metal	Biogenic	Metal	Metal_unclassified	Metal_unclassified	Metal	NA	subtidal	Final	6.000000	21.275659	-157.749979	Hawaii_winter deploy	Kahala, Onahu, Hawaii	Reef	NA	Not Significant	Fig 2., table 1
Fitzharding & Bailey-Brock 1989	1989	14.7527000	12.0402869	9.1886800	12.3929148	5	5	5	Density	Sessile	Invert_Concrete	Invert_Biogenic	Invert	Y	Corals	Corals	Montipora species (coral)	Montipora	Anthozoa		15 x 15cm plates	0.0225	Y	Tile	Horizontal	Coralvsconcrete	Coral	Biogenic_coral	Biogenic_Concrete	Biogenic	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	NA	subtidal	Final	6.000000	21.275659	-157.749979	Hawaii_winter deploy	Kahala, Onahu, Hawaii	Reef	NA	Significant	Fig 2., table 1
Fitzharding & Bailey-Brock 1989	1989	14.7527000	12.0402869	0.0000000	0.0000000	5	5	5	Density	Sessile	Invert_Polymer	Invert_Biogenic	Invert	Y	Corals	Corals	Montipora species (coral)	Montipora	Anthozoa		15 x 15cm plates	0.0225	Y	Tile	Horizontal	coralvstyres	Coral	Biogenic_coral	Biogenic_Polymer	Biogenic	Rubber	Polymer_rubber	Polymer_rubber	Polymer	NA	subtidal	Final	6.000000	21.275659	-157.749979	Hawaii_winter deploy	Kahala, Onahu, Hawaii	Reef	NA	Not Significant	Fig 2., table 1
Fitzharding & Bailey-Brock 1989	1989	20.9926000	20.3077458	53.4491000	40.9482184	4	5	4	Density	Sessile	Invert_Metal	Invert_Biogenic	Invert	Y	Corals	Corals	Montipora species (coral)	Montipora	Anthozoa		15 x 15cm plates	0.0225	Y	Tile	Horizontal	coralvsmetal	Coral	Biogenic_coral	Biogenic_Metal	Biogenic	Metal	Metal_unclassified	Metal_unclassified	Metal	NA	subtidal	Final	12.000000	21.275659	-157.749979	Hawaii_summer deploy	Kahala, Onahu, Hawaii	Reef	NA	Not Significant	Fig 2., table 1
Fitzharding & Bailey-Brock 1989	1989	20.9926000	20.3077458	15.9305000	10.9860256	4	5	4	Density	Sessile	Invert_Concrete	Invert_Biogenic	Invert	Y	Corals	Corals	Montipora species (coral)	Montipora	Anthozoa		15 x 15cm plates	0.0225	Y	Tile	Horizontal	Coralvsconcrete	Coral	Biogenic_coral	Biogenic_Concrete	Biogenic	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	NA	subtidal	Final	12.000000	21.275659	-157.749979	Hawaii_summer deploy	Kahala, Onahu, Hawaii	Reef	NA	Significant	Fig 2., table 1
Fitzharding & Bailey-Brock 1989	1989	20.9926000	20.3077458	6.6997500	11.6519714	4	5	4	Density	Sessile	Invert_Polymer	Invert_Biogenic	Invert	Y	Corals	Corals	Montipora species (coral)	Montipora	Anthozoa		15 x 15cm plates	0.0225	Y	Tile	Horizontal	coralvstyres	Coral	Biogenic_coral	Biogenic_Polymer	Biogenic	Rubber	Polymer_rubber	Polymer_rubber	Polymer	NA	subtidal	Final	12.000000	21.275659	-157.749979	Hawaii_summer deploy	Kahala, Onahu, Hawaii	Reef	NA	Not Significant	Fig 2., table 1
Fitzharding & Bailey-Brock 1989	1989	0.0000000	0.0000000	33.3333000	53.7720459	5	3	5	Cover	Sessile	Invert_Metal	Invert_Biogenic	Invert	N		Invertebrates	Tunicates				15 x 15cm plates	0.0225	Y	Tile	Horizontal	coralvsmetal	Coral	Biogenic_coral	Biogenic_Metal	Biogenic	Metal	Metal_unclassified	Metal_unclassified	Metal	NA	subtidal	NA	3.000000	21.275659	-157.749979	Hawaii	Kahala, Onahu, Hawaii	Reef	NA	Not Significant	Fig. 3., Table 8
Fitzharding & Bailey-Brock 1989	1989	0.0000000	0.0000000	6.6666700	13.3099353	5	3	5	Cover	Sessile	Invert_Concrete	Invert_Biogenic	Invert	N		Invertebrates	Tunicates				15 x 15cm plates	0.0225	Y	Tile	Horizontal	Coralvsconcrete	Coral	Biogenic_coral	Biogenic_Concrete	Biogenic	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	NA	subtidal	NA	3.000000	21.275659	-157.749979	Hawaii	Kahala, Onahu, Hawaii	Reef	NA	Not Significant	Fig. 3., Table 14
Fitzharding & Bailey-Brock 1989	1989	0.0000000	0.0000000	0.0000000	0.0000000	5	3	5	Cover	Sessile	Invert_Polymer	Invert_Biogenic	Invert	N		Invertebrates	Tunicates				15 x 15cm plates	0.0225	Y	Tile	Horizontal	coralvstyres	Coral	Biogenic_coral	Biogenic_Polymer	Biogenic	Rubber	Polymer_rubber	Polymer_rubber	Polymer	NA	subtidal	NA	3.000000	21.275659	-157.749979	Hawaii	Kahala, Onahu, Hawaii	Reef	NA	Significant	Fig. 3., Table 2
Fitzharding & Bailey-Brock 1989	1989	86.1882000	9.6376766	79.9142000	11.4696871	5	5	5	Cover	Sessile	Invert_Concrete	Invert_Biogenic	Invert	N		Invertebrates	Tunicates				15 x 15cm plates	0.0225	Y	Tile	Horizontal	Coralvsconcrete_winter	Coral	Biogenic_coral	Biogenic_Concrete	Biogenic	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	NA	subtidal	NA	3.000000	21.275659	-157.749979	Hawaii	Kahala, Onahu, Hawaii	Reef	NA	Not Significant	Fig. 3., Table 4
Fitzharding & Bailey-Brock 1989	1989	86.1882000	9.6376766	31.9384000	20.5769684	5	5	5	Cover	Sessile	Invert_Metal	Invert_Biogenic	Invert	N		Invertebrates	Tunicates				15 x 15cm plates	0.0225	Y	Tile	Horizontal	coralvsmetal_winter	Coral	Biogenic_coral	Biogenic_Metal	Biogenic	Metal	Metal_unclassified	Metal_unclassified	Metal	NA	subtidal	NA	3.000000	21.275659	-157.749979	Hawaii	Kahala, Onahu, Hawaii	Reef	NA	Not Significant	Fig. 3., Table 4
Fitzharding & Bailey-Brock 1989	1989	86.1882000	9.6376766	13.7677000	20.4318923	5	5	5	Cover	Sessile	Invert_Polymer	Invert_Biogenic	Invert	N		Invertebrates	Tunicates				15 x 15cm plates	0.0225	Y	Tile	Horizontal	coralvstyres_winter	Coral	Biogenic_coral	Biogenic_Polymer	Biogenic	Rubber	Polymer_rubber	Polymer_rubber	Polymer	NA	subtidal	NA	3.000000	21.275659	-157.749979	Hawaii	Kahala, Onahu, Hawaii	Reef	NA	Significant	Fig. 3., Table 4
Fitzharding & Bailey-Brock 1989	1989	26.1905000	20.7634564	38.0952000	29.2817574	5	3	5	Cover	Sessile	Invert_Concrete	Invert_Biogenic	Invert	N		Invertebrates	Tunicates				15 x 15cm plates	0.0225	Y	Tile	Horizontal	Coralvsconcrete	Coral	Biogenic_coral	Biogenic_Concrete	Biogenic	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	NA	subtidal	NA	6.000000	21.275659	-157.749979	Hawaii	Kahala, Onahu, Hawaii	Reef	NA	Not Significant	Fig. 3., Table 13
Fitzharding & Bailey-Brock 1989	1989	26.1905000	20.7634564	28.0952000	28.2169418	5	3	5	Cover	Sessile	Invert_Metal	Invert_Biogenic	Invert	N		Invertebrates	Tunicates				15 x 15cm plates	0.0225	Y	Tile	Horizontal	coralvsmetal	Coral	Biogenic_coral	Biogenic_Metal	Biogenic	Metal	Metal_unclassified	Metal_unclassified	Metal	NA	subtidal	NA	6.000000	21.275659	-157.749979	Hawaii	Kahala, Onahu, Hawaii	Reef	NA	Not Significant	Fig. 3., Table 7
Fitzharding & Bailey-Brock 1989	1989	26.1905000	20.7634564	11.9048000	12.2452225	5	3	5	Cover	Sessile	Invert_Polymer	Invert_Biogenic	Invert	N		Invertebrates	Tunicates				15 x 15cm plates	0.0225	Y	Tile	Horizontal	coralvstyres	Coral	Biogenic_coral	Biogenic_Polymer	Biogenic	Rubber	Polymer_rubber	Polymer_rubber	Polymer	NA	subtidal	NA	6.000000	21.275659	-157.749979	Hawaii	Kahala, Onahu, Hawaii	Reef	NA	Significant	Fig. 3., Table 1
Fitzharding & Bailey-Brock 1989	1989	72.2557000	19.6619693	76.2201000	7.8557540	5	5	5	Cover	Sessile	Invert_Concrete	Invert_Biogenic	Invert	N		Invertebrates	Tunicates				15 x 15cm plates	0.0225	Y	Tile	Horizontal	Coralvsconcrete_winter	Coral	Biogenic_coral	Biogenic_Concrete	Biogenic	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	NA	subtidal	NA	6.000000	21.275659	-157.749979	Hawaii	Kahala, Onahu, Hawaii	Reef	NA	Not Significant	Fig. 3., Table 4
Fitzharding & Bailey-Brock 1989	1989	72.2557000	19.6619693	49.8171000	35.1328765	5	5	5	Cover	Sessile	Invert_Metal	Invert_Biogenic	Invert	N		Invertebrates	Tunicates				15 x 15cm plates	0.0225	Y	Tile	Horizontal	coralvsmetal_winter	Coral	Biogenic_coral	Biogenic_Metal	Biogenic	Metal	Metal_unclassified	Metal_unclassified	Metal	NA	subtidal	NA	6.000000	21.275659	-157.749979	Hawaii	Kahala, Onahu, Hawaii	Reef	NA	Not Significant	Fig. 3., Table 4
Fitzharding & Bailey-Brock 1989	1989	72.2557000	19.6619693	19.9012000	35.2752245	5	5	5	Cover	Sessile	Invert_Polymer	Invert_Biogenic	Invert	N		Invertebrates	Tunicates				15 x 15cm plates	0.0225	Y	Tile	Horizontal	coralvstyres_winter	Coral	Biogenic_coral	Biogenic_Polymer	Biogenic	Rubber	Polymer_rubber	Polymer_rubber	Polymer	NA	subtidal	NA	6.000000	21.275659	-157.749979	Hawaii	Kahala, Onahu, Hawaii	Reef	NA	Significant	Fig. 3., Table 4
Fitzharding & Bailey-Brock 1989	1989	0.0000000	0.0000000	0.0000000	0.0000000	5	3	5	Cover	Sessile	Invert_Concrete	Invert_Biogenic	Invert	N		Invertebrates	Tunicates				15 x 15cm plates	0.0225	Y	Tile	Horizontal	Coralvsconcrete	Coral	Biogenic_coral	Biogenic_Concrete	Biogenic	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	NA	subtidal	NA	8.000000	21.275659	-157.749979	Hawaii	Kahala, Onahu, Hawaii	Reef	NA	Not Significant	Fig. 3., Table 12
Fitzharding & Bailey-Brock 1989	1989	0.0000000	0.0000000	0.0000000	0.0000000	5	3	5	Cover	Sessile	Invert_Metal	Invert_Biogenic	Invert	N		Invertebrates	Tunicates				15 x 15cm plates	0.0225	Y	Tile	Horizontal	coralvsmetal	Coral	Biogenic_coral	Biogenic_Metal	Biogenic	Metal	Metal_unclassified	Metal_unclassified	Metal	NA	subtidal	NA	8.000000	21.275659	-157.749979	Hawaii	Kahala, Onahu, Hawaii	Reef	NA	Not Significant	Fig. 3., Table 6
Fitzharding & Bailey-Brock 1989	1989	0.0000000	0.0000000	0.0000000	0.0000000	5	3	5	Cover	Sessile	Invert_Polymer	Invert_Biogenic	Invert	N		Invertebrates	Tunicates				15 x 15cm plates	0.0225	Y	Tile	Horizontal	coralvstyres	Coral	Biogenic_coral	Biogenic_Polymer	Biogenic	Rubber	Polymer_rubber	Polymer_rubber	Polymer	NA	subtidal	NA	8.000000	21.275659	-157.749979	Hawaii	Kahala, Onahu, Hawaii	Reef	NA	Significant	Fig. 3., Table 0
Fitzharding & Bailey-Brock 1989	1989	48.0655000	40.2492236	60.1763000	12.7225560	5	5	5	Cover	Sessile	Invert_Concrete	Invert_Biogenic	Invert	N		Invertebrates	Tunicates				15 x 15cm plates	0.0225	Y	Tile	Horizontal	Coralvsconcrete_winter	Coral	Biogenic_coral	Biogenic_Concrete	Biogenic	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	NA	subtidal	NA	8.000000	21.275659	-157.749979	Hawaii	Kahala, Onahu, Hawaii	Reef	NA	Not Significant	Fig. 3., Table 4
Fitzharding & Bailey-Brock 1989	1989	48.0655000	40.2492236	26.0361000	26.1201809	5	5	5	Cover	Sessile	Invert_Metal	Invert_Biogenic	Invert	N		Invertebrates	Tunicates				15 x 15cm plates	0.0225	Y	Tile	Horizontal	coralvsmetal_winter	Coral	Biogenic_coral	Biogenic_Metal	Biogenic	Metal	Metal_unclassified	Metal_unclassified	Metal	NA	subtidal	NA	8.000000	21.275659	-157.749979	Hawaii	Kahala, Onahu, Hawaii	Reef	NA	Not Significant	Fig. 3., Table 4
Fitzharding & Bailey-Brock 1989	1989	48.0655000	40.2492236	4.3316600	7.7104409	5	5	5	Cover	Sessile	Invert_Polymer	Invert_Biogenic	Invert	N		Invertebrates	Tunicates				15 x 15cm plates	0.0225	Y	Tile	Horizontal	coralvstyres_winter	Coral	Biogenic_coral	Biogenic_Polymer	Biogenic	Rubber	Polymer_rubber	Polymer_rubber	Polymer	NA	subtidal	NA	8.000000	21.275659	-157.749979	Hawaii	Kahala, Onahu, Hawaii	Reef	NA	Significant	Fig. 3., Table 4
Fitzharding & Bailey-Brock 1989	1989	24.5238000	9.5831165	13.8095000	14.9070602	4	3	4	Cover	Sessile	Invert_Concrete	Invert_Biogenic	Invert	N		Invertebrates	Tunicates				15 x 15cm plates	0.0225	Y	Tile	Horizontal	Coralvsconcrete	Coral	Biogenic_coral	Biogenic_Concrete	Biogenic	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	NA	subtidal	NA	12.000000	21.275659	-157.749979	Hawaii	Kahala, Onahu, Hawaii	Reef	NA	Not Significant	Fig. 3., Table 11
Fitzharding & Bailey-Brock 1989	1989	24.5238000	9.5831165	9.7619000	12.7775185	4	3	4	Cover	Sessile	Invert_Polymer	Invert_Biogenic	Invert	N		Invertebrates	Tunicates				15 x 15cm plates	0.0225	Y	Tile	Horizontal	coralvstyres	Coral	Biogenic_coral	Biogenic_Polymer	Biogenic	Rubber	Polymer_rubber	Polymer_rubber	Polymer	NA	subtidal	NA	12.000000	21.275659	-157.749979	Hawaii	Kahala, Onahu, Hawaii	Reef	NA	Significant	Fig. 3., Table 1
Fitzharding & Bailey-Brock 1989	1989	24.5238000	9.5831165	5.7142900	7.9859603	4	3	4	Cover	Sessile	Invert_Metal	Invert_Biogenic	Invert	N		Invertebrates	Tunicates				15 x 15cm plates	0.0225	Y	Tile	Horizontal	coralvsmetal	Coral	Biogenic_coral	Biogenic_Metal	Biogenic	Metal	Metal_unclassified	Metal_unclassified	Metal	NA	subtidal	NA	12.000000	21.275659	-157.749979	Hawaii	Kahala, Onahu, Hawaii	Reef	NA	Not Significant	Fig. 3., Table 5
Fitzharding & Bailey-Brock 1989	1989	56.3760000	7.8450000	61.8700000	20.3372619	4	5	4	Cover	Sessile	Invert_Concrete	Invert_Biogenic	Invert	N		Invertebrates	Tunicates				15 x 15cm plates	0.0225	Y	Tile	Horizontal	Coralvsconcrete_winter	Coral	Biogenic_coral	Biogenic_Concrete	Biogenic	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	NA	subtidal	NA	12.000000	21.275659	-157.749979	Hawaii	Kahala, Onahu, Hawaii	Reef	NA	Not Significant	Fig. 3., Table 4
Fitzharding & Bailey-Brock 1989	1989	56.3760000	7.8450000	38.5473000	16.7222108	4	5	4	Cover	Sessile	Invert_Metal	Invert_Biogenic	Invert	N		Invertebrates	Tunicates				15 x 15cm plates	0.0225	Y	Tile	Horizontal	coralvsmetal_winter	Coral	Biogenic_coral	Biogenic_Metal	Biogenic	Metal	Metal_unclassified	Metal_unclassified	Metal	NA	subtidal	NA	12.000000	21.275659	-157.749979	Hawaii	Kahala, Onahu, Hawaii	Reef	NA	Not Significant	Fig. 3., Table 4
Fitzharding & Bailey-Brock 1989	1989	56.3760000	7.8450000	34.1283000	34.1684603	4	5	4	Cover	Sessile	Invert_Polymer	Invert_Biogenic	Invert	N		Invertebrates	Tunicates				15 x 15cm plates	0.0225	Y	Tile	Horizontal	coralvstyres_winter	Coral	Biogenic_coral	Biogenic_Polymer	Biogenic	Rubber	Polymer_rubber	Polymer_rubber	Polymer	NA	subtidal	NA	12.000000	21.275659	-157.749979	Hawaii	Kahala, Onahu, Hawaii	Reef	NA	Significant	Fig. 3., Table 4
Fitzharding & Bailey-Brock 1989	1989	29.7619000	12.2451555	24.0476000	27.1521262	4	3	4	Cover	Sessile	Invert_Concrete	Invert_Biogenic	Invert	N		Invertebrates	Tunicates				15 x 15cm plates	0.0225	Y	Tile	Horizontal	Coralvsconcrete	Coral	Biogenic_coral	Biogenic_Concrete	Biogenic	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	NA	subtidal	NA	14.000000	21.275659	-157.749979	Hawaii	Kahala, Onahu, Hawaii	Reef	NA	Not Significant	Fig. 3., Table 10
Fitzharding & Bailey-Brock 1989	1989	29.7619000	12.2451555	6.1904800	4.2591952	4	3	4	Cover	Sessile	Invert_Polymer	Invert_Biogenic	Invert	N		Invertebrates	Tunicates				15 x 15cm plates	0.0225	Y	Tile	Horizontal	coralvstyres	Coral	Biogenic_coral	Biogenic_Polymer	Biogenic	Rubber	Polymer_rubber	Polymer_rubber	Polymer	NA	subtidal	NA	14.000000	21.275659	-157.749979	Hawaii	Kahala, Onahu, Hawaii	Reef	NA	Significant	Fig. 3., Table 2
Fitzharding & Bailey-Brock 1989	1989	29.7619000	12.2451555	4.0476200	3.7267874	4	3	4	Cover	Sessile	Invert_Metal	Invert_Biogenic	Invert	N		Invertebrates	Tunicates				15 x 15cm plates	0.0225	Y	Tile	Horizontal	coralvsmetal	Coral	Biogenic_coral	Biogenic_Metal	Biogenic	Metal	Metal_unclassified	Metal_unclassified	Metal	NA	subtidal	NA	14.000000	21.275659	-157.749979	Hawaii	Kahala, Onahu, Hawaii	Reef	NA	Not Significant	Fig. 3., Table 4
Fitzharding & Bailey-Brock 1989	1989	22.8571000	29.2817574	20.2381000	18.6338253	4	3	4	Cover	Sessile	Invert_Concrete	Invert_Biogenic	Invert	N		Invertebrates	Tunicates				15 x 15cm plates	0.0225	Y	Tile	Horizontal	Coralvsconcrete	Coral	Biogenic_coral	Biogenic_Concrete	Biogenic	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	NA	subtidal	Final	18.500000	21.275659	-157.749979	Hawaii	Kahala, Onahu, Hawaii	Reef	NA	Not Significant	Fig. 3., Table 9
Fitzharding & Bailey-Brock 1989	1989	22.8571000	29.2817574	16.6667000	23.4255401	4	3	4	Cover	Sessile	Invert_Metal	Invert_Biogenic	Invert	N		Invertebrates	Tunicates				15 x 15cm plates	0.0225	Y	Tile	Horizontal	coralvsmetal	Coral	Biogenic_coral	Biogenic_Metal	Biogenic	Metal	Metal_unclassified	Metal_unclassified	Metal	NA	subtidal	Final	18.500000	21.275659	-157.749979	Hawaii	Kahala, Onahu, Hawaii	Reef	NA	Not Significant	Fig. 3., Table 3
Fitzharding & Bailey-Brock 1989	1989	22.8571000	29.2817574	10.2381000	12.7775409	4	3	4	Cover	Sessile	Invert_Polymer	Invert_Biogenic	Invert	N		Invertebrates	Tunicates				15 x 15cm plates	0.0225	Y	Tile	Horizontal	coralvstyres	Coral	Biogenic_coral	Biogenic_Polymer	Biogenic	Rubber	Polymer_rubber	Polymer_rubber	Polymer	NA	subtidal	Final	18.500000	21.275659	-157.749979	Hawaii	Kahala, Onahu, Hawaii	Reef	NA	Significant	Fig. 3., Table 3
George et al. JCCO 2015	2015	617.0000000	409.2004399	1513.0000000	572.4334022	5	5	5	Density	Sessile	Invert_Concrete	Invert_Biogenic	Invert	Y	Bivalves	Bivalve	Crassostrea virginica	Crassostrea virginica	Crassostrea		9x9cm	1	y	trays of equal sized substrate bits	Hotizontal trays	shellvsconcrete	Shell	Biogenic_shell unclassified	Biogenic_Concrete	Biogenic	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Sub	subtidal	Final	6.000000	28.21	-96.94	USA	Mission-Aransas Estuary, Gulf of Mexico	sheltered	lower reef	Not measured	Table 1
George et al. JCCO 2015	2015	929.0000000	377.8954882	1513.0000000	572.4334022	5	5	5	Density	Sessile	Invert_Concrete	Invert_Rock	Invert	Y	Bivalves	Bivalve	Crassostrea virginica	Crassostrea virginica	Crassostrea		9x9cm	1	y	trays of equal sized substrate bits	Hotizontal trays	limestonevsconcrete	Limestone	Rock_limestone	Rock_Concrete	Rock	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Sub	subtidal	Final	6.000000	28.21	-96.94	USA	Mission-Aransas Estuary, Gulf of Mexico	sheltered	lower reef	Not measured	Table 1
George et al. JCCO 2015	2015	1207.0000000	782.6237921	1513.0000000	572.4334022	5	5	5	Density	Sessile	Invert_Concrete	Invert_Rock	Invert	Y	Bivalves	Bivalve	Crassostrea virginica	Crassostrea virginica	Crassostrea		9x9cm	1	y	trays of equal sized substrate bits	Hotizontal trays	limestonevsconcrete	River Rock	Rock_unclassified	Rock_Concrete	Rock	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Sub	subtidal	Final	6.000000	28.21	-96.94	USA	Mission-Aransas Estuary, Gulf of Mexico	sheltered	lower reef	Not measured	Table 1
George et al. JCCO 2015	2015	617.0000000	409.2004399	1131.0000000	766.9713163	5	5	5	Density	Sessile	Invert_Clay	Invert_Biogenic	Invert	Y	Bivalves	Bivalve	Crassostrea virginica	Crassostrea virginica	Crassostrea		9x9cm	1	y	trays of equal sized substrate bits	Hotizontal trays	shellvsporcelain	Shell	Biogenic_shell unclassified	Biogenic_Clay	Biogenic	Porcelain	Clay	Clay_porcelain	Clay	Sub	subtidal	Final	6.000000	28.21	-96.94	USA	Mission-Aransas Estuary, Gulf of Mexico	sheltered	lower reef	Not measured	Table 1
George et al. JCCO 2015	2015	929.0000000	377.8954882	1131.0000000	766.9713163	5	5	5	Density	Sessile	Invert_Clay	Invert_Rock	Invert	Y	Bivalves	Bivalve	Crassostrea virginica	Crassostrea virginica	Crassostrea		9x9cm	1	y	trays of equal sized substrate bits	Hotizontal trays	limestonevsporcelain	Limestone	Rock_limestone	Rock_Clay	Rock	Porcelain	Clay	Clay_porcelain	Clay	Sub	subtidal	Final	6.000000	28.21	-96.94	USA	Mission-Aransas Estuary, Gulf of Mexico	sheltered	lower reef	Not measured	Table 1
George et al. JCCO 2015	2015	1207.0000000	782.6237921	1131.0000000	766.9713163	5	5	5	Density	Sessile	Invert_Clay	Invert_Rock	Invert	Y	Bivalves	Bivalve	Crassostrea virginica	Crassostrea virginica	Crassostrea		9x9cm	1	y	trays of equal sized substrate bits	Hotizontal trays	riverrockvsporcelain	River Rock	Rock_unclassified	Rock_Clay	Rock	Porcelain	Clay	Clay_porcelain	Clay	Sub	subtidal	Final	6.000000	28.21	-96.94	USA	Mission-Aransas Estuary, Gulf of Mexico	sheltered	lower reef	Not measured	Table 1
George et al. JCCO 2015	2015	1022.0000000	465.1021393	1242.0000000	505.3513629	5	5	5	Density	Sessile	Invert_Concrete	Invert_Biogenic	Invert	Y	Bivalves	Bivalve	Crassostrea virginica	Crassostrea virginica	Crassostrea		9x9cm	1	y	trays of equal sized substrate bits	Hotizontal trays	shellvsconcrete	Shell	Biogenic_shell unclassified	Biogenic_Concrete	Biogenic	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Sub	subtidal	Final	6.000000	28.21	-96.94	USA	Mission-Aransas Estuary, Gulf of Mexico	sheltered	upper reef	Not measured	Table 1
George et al. JCCO 2015	2015	1447.0000000	429.3250517	1242.0000000	505.3513629	5	5	5	Density	Sessile	Invert_Concrete	Invert_Rock	Invert	Y	Bivalves	Bivalve	Crassostrea virginica	Crassostrea virginica	Crassostrea		9x9cm	1	y	trays of equal sized substrate bits	Hotizontal trays	limestonevsconcrete	Rock	Rock_unclassified	Rock_Concrete	Rock	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Sub	subtidal	Final	6.000000	28.21	-96.94	USA	Mission-Aransas Estuary, Gulf of Mexico	sheltered	upper reef	Not measured	Table 1
George et al. JCCO 2015	2015	1556.0000000	362.2430124	1242.0000000	505.3513629	5	5	5	Density	Sessile	Invert_Concrete	Invert_Rock	Invert	Y	Bivalves	Bivalve	Crassostrea virginica	Crassostrea virginica	Crassostrea		9x9cm	1	y	trays of equal sized substrate bits	Hotizontal trays	riverrockvsporcelain	Rock	Rock_unclassified	Rock_Concrete	Rock	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Sub	subtidal	Final	6.000000	28.21	-96.94	USA	Mission-Aransas Estuary, Gulf of Mexico	sheltered	upper reef	Not measured	Table 1
George et al. JCCO 2015	2015	1022.0000000	465.1021393	891.0000000	93.9148550	5	5	5	Density	Sessile	Invert_Clay	Invert_Biogenic	Invert	Y	Bivalves	Bivalve	Crassostrea virginica	Crassostrea virginica	Crassostrea		9x9cm	1	y	trays of equal sized substrate bits	Hotizontal trays	shellvsconcrete	Shell	Biogenic_shell unclassified	Biogenic_Clay	Biogenic	Porcelain	Clay	Clay_porcelain	Clay	Sub	subtidal	Final	6.000000	28.21	-96.94	USA	Mission-Aransas Estuary, Gulf of Mexico	sheltered	upper reef	Not measured	Table 1
George et al. JCCO 2015	2015	1447.0000000	429.3250517	891.0000000	93.9148550	5	5	5	Density	Sessile	Invert_Clay	Invert_Rock	Invert	Y	Bivalves	Bivalve	Crassostrea virginica	Crassostrea virginica	Crassostrea		9x9cm	1	y	trays of equal sized substrate bits	Hotizontal trays	limestonevsconcrete	Limestone	Rock_limestone	Rock_Clay	Rock	Porcelain	Clay	Clay_porcelain	Clay	Sub	subtidal	Final	6.000000	28.21	-96.94	USA	Mission-Aransas Estuary, Gulf of Mexico	sheltered	upper reef	Not measured	Table 1
George et al. JCCO 2015	2015	1556.0000000	362.2430124	891.0000000	93.9148550	5	5	5	Density	Sessile	Invert_Clay	Invert_Rock	Invert	Y	Bivalves	Bivalve	Crassostrea virginica	Crassostrea virginica	Crassostrea		9x9cm	1	y	trays of equal sized substrate bits	Hotizontal trays	riverrockvsporcelain	River Rock	Rock_unclassified	Rock_Clay	Rock	Porcelain	Clay	Clay_porcelain	Clay	Sub	subtidal	Final	6.000000	28.21	-96.94	USA	Mission-Aransas Estuary, Gulf of Mexico	sheltered	upper reef	Not measured	Table 1
Gilg 2010	2010	0.0360000	0.0111803	0.0200000	0.0089443	10	10	10	Density	Sessile	Invert_Polymer	Invert_Wood	Invert	Y	Bivalves	Bivalve	P. viridis	Perna viridis	Perna viridis		9x9cm	0.0001	Y	Tile	Downward	PlexivsWood	Wood_pine	Wood_pine	Wood_Polymer	Wood	Plexi	Polymer_mix	Polymer_mix	Polymer	NA	intertidal	Final	1.000000	30.4	-81.46	USA	Sister’s Creek, Jacksonville, Florida	Marina	Aug	Not Significant	Figure 1	Attached facing downwards below floating dock. 1 month deployment and then recovered in each case (new one put out each time)
Gilg 2010	2010	0.0090000	0.0134164	0.0050000	0.0044721	10	10	10	Density	Sessile	Invert_Polymer	Invert_Wood	Invert	Y	Bivalves	Bivalve	P. viridis	Perna viridis	Perna viridis		9x9cm	0.0001	Y	Tile	Downward	PlexivsWood	Wood_pine	Wood_pine	Wood_Polymer	Wood	Plexi	Polymer_mix	Polymer_mix	Polymer	NA	intertidal	Final	1.000000	30.4	-81.46	USA	Sister’s Creek, Jacksonville, Florida	Marina	July	Not Significant	Figure 1	Attached facing downwards below floating dock. 1 month deployment and then recovered in each case (new one put out each time)
Gilg 2010	2010	0.0070000	0.0044721	0.0110000	0.0111803	10	10	10	Density	Sessile	Invert_Polymer	Invert_Wood	Invert	Y	Bivalves	Bivalve	M. charruana	Mytella charruana	Mytella charruana		9x9cm	0.0001	Y	Tile	Downward	PlexivsWood	Wood_pine	Wood_pine	Wood_Polymer	Wood	Plexi	Polymer_mix	Polymer_mix	Polymer	NA	intertidal	Final	1.000000	30.4	-81.46	USA	Sister’s Creek, Jacksonville, Florida	Marina	July	Not Significant	Figure 1	Attached facing downwards below floating dock
Gilg 2010	2010	0.0070000	0.0044721	0.0030000	0.0044721	10	10	10	Density	Sessile	Invert_Clay	Invert_Wood	Invert	Y	Bivalves	Bivalve	M. charruana	Mytella charruana	Mytella charruana		9x9cm	0.0001	Y	Tile	Downward	TerracottavsWood	Wood_pine	Wood_pine	Wood_Clay	Wood	Terracotta	Clay	Clay_unglazed	Clay	NA	intertidal	Final	1.000000	30.4	-81.46	USA	Sister’s Creek, Jacksonville, Florida	Marina	July	Not Significant	Figure 1	Attached facing downwards below floating dock
Gilg 2010	2010	0.0090000	0.0134164	0.0170000	0.0201246	10	10	10	Density	Sessile	Invert_Clay	Invert_Wood	Invert	Y	Bivalves	Bivalve	M. charruana	Mytella charruana	Mytella charruana		9x9cm	0.0001	Y	Tile	Downward	TerracottavsWood	Wood_pine	Wood_pine	Wood_Clay	Wood	Terracotta	Clay	Clay_unglazed	Clay	NA	intertidal	Final	1.000000	30.4	-81.46	USA	Sister’s Creek, Jacksonville, Florida	Marina	Jun	Not Significant	Figure 1	Attached facing downwards below floating dock
Gilg 2010	2010	0.0090000	0.0134164	0.0120000	0.0089443	10	10	10	Density	Sessile	Invert_Polymer	Invert_Wood	Invert	Y	Bivalves	Bivalve	M. charruana	Mytella charruana	Mytella charruana		9x9cm	0.0001	Y	Tile	Downward	PlexivsWood	Wood_pine	Wood_pine	Wood_Polymer	Wood	Plexi	Polymer_mix	Polymer_mix	Polymer	NA	intertidal	Final	1.000000	30.4	-81.46	USA	Sister’s Creek, Jacksonville, Florida	Marina	Jun	Not Significant	Figure 1	Attached facing downwards below floating dock
Gilg 2010	2010	0.0330000	0.0223607	0.0270000	0.0022361	10	10	10	Density	Sessile	Invert_Polymer	Invert_Wood	Invert	Y	Bivalves	Bivalve	P. viridis	Perna viridis	Perna viridis		9x9cm	0.0001	Y	Tile	Downward	PlexivsWood	Wood_pine	Wood_pine	Wood_Polymer	Wood	Plexi	Polymer_mix	Polymer_mix	Polymer	NA	intertidal	Final	1.000000	30.4	-81.46	USA	Sister’s Creek, Jacksonville, Florida	Marina	June	Not Significant	Figure 1	Attached facing downwards below floating dock. 1 month deployment and then recovered in each case (new one put out each time)
Gilg 2010	2010	0.0000000	0.0000000	0.0010000	0.0022361	10	10	10	Density	Sessile	Invert_Polymer	Invert_Wood	Invert	Y	Bivalves	Bivalve	P. viridis	Perna viridis	Perna viridis		9x9cm	0.0001	Y	Tile	Downward	PlexivsWood	Wood_pine	Wood_pine	Wood_Polymer	Wood	Plexi	Polymer_mix	Polymer_mix	Polymer	NA	intertidal	Final	1.000000	30.4	-81.46	USA	Sister’s Creek, Jacksonville, Florida	Marina	Sept	Not Significant	Figure 1	Attached facing downwards below floating dock. 1 month deployment and then recovered in each case (new one put out each time)
Gilg 2010	2010	0.0140000	0.0178885	0.0150000	0.0089443	10	10	10	Density	Sessile	Invert_Clay	Invert_Wood	Invert	Y	Bivalves	Bivalve	M. charruana	Mytella charruana	Mytella charruana		9x9cm	0.0001	Y	Tile	Downward	TerracottavsWood	Wood_pine	Wood_pine	Wood_Clay	Wood	Terracotta	Clay	Clay_unglazed	Clay	NA	intertidal	Final	1.000000	30.4	-81.46	USA	Sister’s Creek, Jacksonville, Florida	Marina	Sept	Not Significant	Figure 1	Attached facing downwards below floating dock
Gilg 2010	2010	0.0140000	0.0178885	0.0020000	0.0000000	10	10	10	Density	Sessile	Invert_Polymer	Invert_Wood	Invert	Y	Bivalves	Bivalve	M. charruana	Mytella charruana	Mytella charruana		9x9cm	0.0001	Y	Tile	Downward	PlexivsWood	Wood_pine	Wood_pine	Wood_Polymer	Wood	Plexi	Polymer_mix	Polymer_mix	Polymer	NA	intertidal	Final	1.000000	30.4	-81.46	USA	Sister’s Creek, Jacksonville, Florida	Marina	Sept	Not Significant	Figure 1	Attached facing downwards below floating dock
Gilg 2010	2010	0.0290000	0.0111803	0.0330000	0.0178885	10	10	10	Density	Sessile	Invert_Clay	Invert_Wood	Invert	Y	Bivalves	Bivalve	M. charruana	Mytella charruana	Mytella charruana		9x9cm	0.0001	Y	Tile	Downward	TerracottavsWood	Wood_pine	Wood_pine	Wood_Clay	Wood	Terracotta	Clay	Clay_unglazed	Clay	NA	intertidal	Final	1.000000	30.4	-81.46	USA	Sister’s Creek, Jacksonville, Florida	Marina	Aug	Not Significant	Figure 1	Attached facing downwards below floating dock
Gilg 2010	2010	0.0290000	0.0111803	0.0180000	0.0134164	10	10	10	Density	Sessile	Invert_Polymer	Invert_Wood	Invert	Y	Bivalves	Bivalve	M. charruana	Mytella charruana	Mytella charruana		9x9cm	0.0001	Y	Tile	Downward	PlexivsWood	Wood_pine	Wood_pine	Wood_Polymer	Wood	Plexi	Polymer_mix	Polymer_mix	Polymer	NA	intertidal	Final	1.000000	30.4	-81.46	USA	Sister’s Creek, Jacksonville, Florida	Marina	Aug	Not Significant	Figure 1	Attached facing downwards below floating dock
Gilg 2010	2010	0.0000000	0.0000000	0.0010000	0.0022361	10	10	10	Density	Sessile	Invert_Clay	Invert_Wood	Invert	Y	Bivalves	Bivalve	P. viridis	Perna viridis	Perna viridis		9x9cm	0.0001	Y	Tile	Downward	TerracottavsWood	Wood_pine	Wood_pine	Wood_Clay	Wood	Terracotta	Clay	Clay_unglazed	Clay	NA	intertidal	Final	1.000000	30.4	-81.46	USA	Sister’s Creek, Jacksonville, Florida	Marina	Sept	Not Significant	Figure 1	Attached facing downwards below floating dock. 1 month deployment and then recovered in each case (new one put out each time)
Gilg 2010	2010	0.0090000	0.0134164	0.0100000	0.0044721	10	10	10	Density	Sessile	Invert_Clay	Invert_Wood	Invert	Y	Bivalves	Bivalve	P. viridis	Perna viridis	Perna viridis		9x9cm	0.0001	Y	Tile	Downward	TerracottavsWood	Wood_pine	Wood_pine	Wood_Clay	Wood	Terracotta	Clay	Clay_unglazed	Clay	NA	intertidal	Final	1.000000	30.4	-81.46	USA	Sister’s Creek, Jacksonville, Florida	Marina	July	Not Significant	Figure 1	Attached facing downwards below floating dock. 1 month deployment and then recovered in each case (new one put out each time)
Gilg 2010	2010	0.0330000	0.0223607	0.0470000	0.0380132	10	10	10	Density	Sessile	Invert_Clay	Invert_Wood	Invert	Y	Bivalves	Bivalve	P. viridis	Perna viridis	Perna viridis		9x9cm	0.0001	Y	Tile	Downward	TerracottavsWood	Wood_pine	Wood_pine	Wood_Clay	Wood	Terracotta	Clay	Clay_unglazed	Clay	NA	intertidal	Final	1.000000	30.4	-81.46	USA	Sister’s Creek, Jacksonville, Florida	Marina	June	Not Significant	Figure 1	Attached facing downwards below floating dock. 1 month deployment and then recovered in each case (new one put out each time)
Gilg 2010	2010	0.0360000	0.0111803	0.0470000	0.0178885	10	10	10	Density	Sessile	Invert_Clay	Invert_Wood	Invert	Y	Bivalves	Bivalve	P. viridis	Perna viridis	Perna viridis		9x9cm	0.0001	Y	Tile	Downward	TerracottavsWood	Wood_pine	Wood_pine	Wood_Clay	Wood	Terracotta	Clay	Clay_unglazed	Clay	NA	intertidal	Final	1.000000	30.4	-81.46	USA	Sister’s Creek, Jacksonville, Florida	Marina	Aug	Not Significant	Figure 1	Attached facing downwards below floating dock. 1 month deployment and then recovered in each case (new one put out each time)
Chapman & Clynick 2006	2006	9.0000000	NA	11.0000000	NA	1	1	1	Richness	Fish	Fish_Polymer	Fish_Rock	Fish	N		Fish	all				1.5mx1.5mx0.8m	NA	Y	Reef	Mixed (vertical and horizontal)	rockvstyre	Rock	Rock_unclassified	Rock_Polymer	Rock	Rubber	Polymer_rubber	Polymer_rubber	Polymer	6 m	subtidal	NA	4.000000	-33.85	151.54	Australia	Sydney harbour	Reef	Sheltered	Significant	Figure6	Replicates - Fish are counted over the whole reef, no quadrats used.. All replicates for each substrate have been summed (not averaged), therefore the replicate for the mean and control in this case is 1. Size of sampled area in m2 - this is NA as the area above each reef was included too.
Vaz-pinto et al 2013	2013	12.2602800	5.8610174	10.2471500	3.0030297	12	12	12	Richness	Benthic	Benthic_Concrete	Benthic_Rock	Benthic	N		Invertebrates (and algae)	All				7x7cm	0.0049	Y	Tile		ConcretevsBassalt	Basalt	Rock_basalt	Rock_Concrete	Rock	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	1m	subtidal	Final	3.000000	37.7804	25.497	Sao Miguel, Azores	Mid-Atlantic	Marinas_winter deploy_3	Sheltered	Significant	Figure2a/b- Winter deployment	Added native and non-native species together
Glasby2000	2000	37.3333000	8.9442719	48.0000000	20.8698932	5	5	5	Cover	Sessile	Invert_Concrete	Invert_Rock	Invert	Y	Tube_forming	Invertebrates	Spirorbids	Spirorbides	Serpulidae		15x15cm	0.0225	Y	Tile	vertical		Sandstone	Rock_sandstone	Rock_Concrete	Rock	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	1.5m	subtidal	Final	7.000000	33.48	151.14	Middle Harbour, Sydney Harbour, Site1	Tasman Sea, Australia	reef	sheltered	1.5m below MLWS	Figure 2	ALL is the sum of all species in fig 2, and the habitat formers from this fig are also reported.
Glasby2000	2000	37.3333000	20.8701169	48.0000000	20.8698932	5	5	5	Cover	Sessile	Invert_Concrete	Invert_Wood	Invert	Y	Tube_forming	Invertebrates	Spirorbids	Spirorbides	Serpulidae		15x15cm	0.0225	Y	Tile	vertical		Wood	Wood_unclassified	Wood_Concrete	Wood	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	1.5m	subtidal	Final	7.000000	33.48	151.14	Middle Harbour, Sydney Harbour, Site1	Tasman Sea, Australia	reef	sheltered	1.5m below MLWS	Figure 2	ALL is the sum of all species in fig 2, and the habitat formers from this fig are also reported.
Glasby2000	2000	11.3333000	2.9815730	16.6667000	7.4534854	5	5	5	Cover	Sessile	Invert_Concrete	Invert_Rock	Invert	Y	Tube_forming	Invertebrates	Spirorbids	Spirorbides	Serpulidae		15x15cm	0.0225	Y	Tile	horizontal		Sandstone	Rock_sandstone	Rock_Concrete	Rock	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	1.5m	subtidal	Final	7.000000	33.48	151.14	Middle Harbour, Sydney Harbour, Site1	Tasman Sea, Australia	reef	sheltered	1.5m below MLWS	Figure 2	ALL is the sum of all species in fig 2, and the habitat formers from this fig are also reported.
Glasby2000	2000	38.0000000	4.4721360	16.6667000	7.4534854	5	5	5	Cover	Sessile	Invert_Concrete	Invert_Wood	Invert	Y	Tube_forming	Invertebrates	Spirorbids	Spirorbides	Serpulidae		15x15cm	0.0225	Y	Tile	horizontal		Wood	Wood_unclassified	Wood_Concrete	Wood	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	1.5m	subtidal	Final	7.000000	33.48	151.14	Middle Harbour, Sydney Harbour, Site1	Tasman Sea, Australia	reef	sheltered	1.5m below MLWS	Figure 2	ALL is the sum of all species in fig 2, and the habitat formers from this fig are also reported.
Glasby2000	2000	17.3333000	7.4537090	40.6667000	17.8885438	5	5	5	Cover	Sessile	Invert_Concrete	Invert_Rock	Invert	Y	Tube_forming	Invertebrates	Spirorbids	Spirorbides	Serpulidae		15x15cm	0.0225	Y	Tile	vertical		Sandstone	Rock_sandstone	Rock_Concrete	Rock	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	1.5m	subtidal	Final	7.000000	33.48	151.14	Middle Harbour, Sydney Harbour, Site2	Tasman Sea, Australia	reef	sheltered	1.5m below MLWS	Figure 2	ALL is the sum of all species in fig 2, and the habitat formers from this fig are also reported.
Glasby2000	2000	14.0000000	8.9442719	40.6667000	17.8885438	5	5	5	Cover	Sessile	Invert_Concrete	Invert_Wood	Invert	Y	Tube_forming	Invertebrates	Spirorbids	Spirorbides	Serpulidae		15x15cm	0.0225	Y	Tile	vertical		Wood	Wood_unclassified	Wood_Concrete	Wood	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	1.5m	subtidal	Final	7.000000	33.48	151.14	Middle Harbour, Sydney Harbour, Site2	Tasman Sea, Australia	reef	sheltered	1.5m below MLWS	Figure 2	ALL is the sum of all species in fig 2, and the habitat formers from this fig are also reported.
Glasby2000	2000	7.3333300	2.9814389	16.6666700	7.4535525	5	5	5	Cover	Sessile	Invert_Concrete	Invert_Rock	Invert	Y	Tube_forming	Invertebrates	Spirorbids	Spirorbides	Serpulidae		15x15cm	0.0225	Y	Tile	horizontal		Sandstone	Rock_sandstone	Rock_Concrete	Rock	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	1.5m	subtidal	Final	7.000000	33.48	151.14	Middle Harbour, Sydney Harbour, Site2	Tasman Sea, Australia	reef	sheltered	1.5m below MLWS	Figure 2	ALL is the sum of all species in fig 2, and the habitat formers from this fig are also reported.
Glasby2000	2000	6.0000000	4.4721360	16.6666700	7.4535525	5	5	5	Cover	Sessile	Invert_Concrete	Invert_Wood	Invert	Y	Tube_forming	Invertebrates	Spirorbids	Spirorbides	Serpulidae		15x15cm	0.0225	Y	Tile	horizontal		Wood	Wood_unclassified	Wood_Concrete	Wood	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	1.5m	subtidal	Final	7.000000	33.48	151.14	Middle Harbour, Sydney Harbour, Site2	Tasman Sea, Australia	reef	sheltered	1.5m below MLWS	Figure 2	ALL is the sum of all species in fig 2, and the habitat formers from this fig are also reported.
Glasby2000	2000	11.3333000	4.4721360	29.3333000	16.3979809	5	5	5	Cover	Sessile	Invert_Concrete	Invert_Rock	Invert	Y	Tube_forming	Invertebrates	Spirorbids	Spirorbides	Serpulidae		15x15cm	0.0225	Y	Tile	vertical		Sandstone	Rock_sandstone	Rock_Concrete	Rock	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	1.5m	subtidal	Final	7.000000	33.48	151.14	Middle Harbour, Sydney Harbour, Site3	Tasman Sea, Australia	reef	sheltered	1.5m below MLWS	Figure 2	ALL is the sum of all species in fig 2, and the habitat formers from this fig are also reported.
Glasby2000	2000	15.3333000	11.9258450	29.3333000	16.3979809	5	5	5	Cover	Sessile	Invert_Concrete	Invert_Wood	Invert	Y	Tube_forming	Invertebrates	Spirorbids	Spirorbides	Serpulidae		15x15cm	0.0225	Y	Tile	vertical		Wood	Wood_unclassified	Wood_Concrete	Wood	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	1.5m	subtidal	Final	7.000000	33.48	151.14	Middle Harbour, Sydney Harbour, Site3	Tasman Sea, Australia	reef	sheltered	1.5m below MLWS	Figure 2	ALL is the sum of all species in fig 2, and the habitat formers from this fig are also reported.
Glasby2000	2000	8.0000000	2.9814165	4.0000000	2.9814165	5	5	5	Cover	Sessile	Invert_Concrete	Invert_Rock	Invert	Y	Tube_forming	Invertebrates	Spirorbids	Spirorbides	Serpulidae		15x15cm	0.0225	Y	Tile	horizontal		Sandstone	Rock_sandstone	Rock_Concrete	Rock	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	1.5m	subtidal	Final	7.000000	33.48	151.14	Middle Harbour, Sydney Harbour, Site3	Tasman Sea, Australia	reef	sheltered	1.5m below MLWS	Figure 2	ALL is the sum of all species in fig 2, and the habitat formers from this fig are also reported.
Glasby2000	2000	10.0000000	5.9629225	4.0000000	2.9814165	5	5	5	Cover	Sessile	Invert_Concrete	Invert_Wood	Invert	Y	Tube_forming	Invertebrates	Spirorbids	Spirorbides	Serpulidae		15x15cm	0.0225	Y	Tile	horizontal		Wood	Wood_unclassified	Wood_Concrete	Wood	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	1.5m	subtidal	Final	7.000000	33.48	151.14	Middle Harbour, Sydney Harbour, Site3	Tasman Sea, Australia	reef	sheltered	1.5m below MLWS	Figure 2	ALL is the sum of all species in fig 2, and the habitat formers from this fig are also reported.
Glasby2000	2000	3.3333300	2.9814389	2.0000000	0.0000000	5	5	5	Cover	Sessile	Invert_Concrete	Invert_Rock	Invert	Y	Barnacles	Invertebrates	Balanus variegatus	Amphibalanus variegatus	Thoracica		15x15cm	0.0225	Y	Tile	vertical		Sandstone	Rock_sandstone	Rock_Concrete	Rock	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	1.5m	subtidal	Final	7.000000	33.48	151.14	Middle Harbour, Sydney Harbour, Site1	Tasman Sea, Australia	reef	sheltered	1.5m below MLWS	Figure 2	ALL is the sum of all species in fig 2, and the habitat formers from this fig are also reported.
Glasby2000	2000	0.6666670	1.4907038	2.0000000	0.0000000	5	5	5	Cover	Sessile	Invert_Concrete	Invert_Wood	Invert	Y	Barnacles	Invertebrates	Balanus variegatus	Amphibalanus variegatus	Thoracica		15x15cm	0.0225	Y	Tile	vertical		Wood	Wood_unclassified	Wood_Concrete	Wood	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	1.5m	subtidal	Final	7.000000	33.48	151.14	Middle Harbour, Sydney Harbour, Site1	Tasman Sea, Australia	reef	sheltered	1.5m below MLWS	Figure 2	ALL is the sum of all species in fig 2, and the habitat formers from this fig are also reported.
Glasby2000	2000	8.0000000	2.9814165	12.6667000	8.9442719	5	5	5	Cover	Sessile	Invert_Concrete	Invert_Rock	Invert	Y	Barnacles	Invertebrates	Balanus variegatus	Amphibalanus variegatus	Thoracica		15x15cm	0.0225	Y	Tile	horizontal		Sandstone	Rock_sandstone	Rock_Concrete	Rock	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	1.5m	subtidal	Final	7.000000	33.48	151.14	Middle Harbour, Sydney Harbour, Site1	Tasman Sea, Australia	reef	sheltered	1.5m below MLWS	Figure 2	ALL is the sum of all species in fig 2, and the habitat formers from this fig are also reported.
Glasby2000	2000	4.6666700	2.9814165	12.6667000	8.9442719	5	5	5	Cover	Sessile	Invert_Concrete	Invert_Wood	Invert	Y	Barnacles	Invertebrates	Balanus variegatus	Amphibalanus variegatus	Thoracica		15x15cm	0.0225	Y	Tile	horizontal		Wood	Wood_unclassified	Wood_Concrete	Wood	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	1.5m	subtidal	Final	7.000000	33.48	151.14	Middle Harbour, Sydney Harbour, Site1	Tasman Sea, Australia	reef	sheltered	1.5m below MLWS	Figure 2	ALL is the sum of all species in fig 2, and the habitat formers from this fig are also reported.
Glasby2000	2000	3.3333300	5.9628554	2.6666700	1.4906971	5	5	5	Cover	Sessile	Invert_Concrete	Invert_Rock	Invert	Y	Barnacles	Invertebrates	Balanus variegatus	Amphibalanus variegatus	Thoracica		15x15cm	0.0225	Y	Tile	vertical		Sandstone	Rock_sandstone	Rock_Concrete	Rock	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	1.5m	subtidal	Final	7.000000	33.48	151.14	Middle Harbour, Sydney Harbour, Site2	Tasman Sea, Australia	reef	sheltered	1.5m below MLWS	Figure 2	ALL is the sum of all species in fig 2, and the habitat formers from this fig are also reported.
Glasby2000	2000	0.6666670	1.4907038	2.6666700	1.4906971	5	5	5	Cover	Sessile	Invert_Concrete	Invert_Wood	Invert	Y	Barnacles	Invertebrates	Balanus variegatus	Amphibalanus variegatus	Thoracica		15x15cm	0.0225	Y	Tile	vertical		Wood	Wood_unclassified	Wood_Concrete	Wood	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	1.5m	subtidal	Final	7.000000	33.48	151.14	Middle Harbour, Sydney Harbour, Site2	Tasman Sea, Australia	reef	sheltered	1.5m below MLWS	Figure 2	ALL is the sum of all species in fig 2, and the habitat formers from this fig are also reported.
Glasby2000	2000	6.6666700	2.9814165	11.3333000	14.9071944	5	5	5	Cover	Sessile	Invert_Concrete	Invert_Rock	Invert	Y	Barnacles	Invertebrates	Balanus variegatus	Amphibalanus variegatus	Thoracica		15x15cm	0.0225	Y	Tile	horizontal		Sandstone	Rock_sandstone	Rock_Concrete	Rock	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	1.5m	subtidal	Final	7.000000	33.48	151.14	Middle Harbour, Sydney Harbour, Site2	Tasman Sea, Australia	reef	sheltered	1.5m below MLWS	Figure 2	ALL is the sum of all species in fig 2, and the habitat formers from this fig are also reported.
Glasby2000	2000	12.0000000	8.9442719	11.3333000	14.9071944	5	5	5	Cover	Sessile	Invert_Concrete	Invert_Wood	Invert	Y	Barnacles	Invertebrates	Balanus variegatus	Amphibalanus variegatus	Thoracica		15x15cm	0.0225	Y	Tile	horizontal		Wood	Wood_unclassified	Wood_Concrete	Wood	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	1.5m	subtidal	Final	7.000000	33.48	151.14	Middle Harbour, Sydney Harbour, Site2	Tasman Sea, Australia	reef	sheltered	1.5m below MLWS	Figure 2	ALL is the sum of all species in fig 2, and the habitat formers from this fig are also reported.
Glasby2000	2000	17.3333000	10.4350584	10.6667000	13.4164079	5	5	5	Cover	Sessile	Invert_Concrete	Invert_Rock	Invert	Y	Barnacles	Invertebrates	Balanus variegatus	Amphibalanus variegatus	Thoracica		15x15cm	0.0225	Y	Tile	vertical		Sandstone	Rock_sandstone	Rock_Concrete	Rock	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	1.5m	subtidal	Final	7.000000	33.48	151.14	Middle Harbour, Sydney Harbour, Site3	Tasman Sea, Australia	reef	sheltered	1.5m below MLWS	Figure 2	ALL is the sum of all species in fig 2, and the habitat formers from this fig are also reported.
Glasby2000	2000	4.0000000	4.4721360	10.6667000	13.4164079	5	5	5	Cover	Sessile	Invert_Concrete	Invert_Wood	Invert	Y	Barnacles	Invertebrates	Balanus variegatus	Amphibalanus variegatus	Thoracica		15x15cm	0.0225	Y	Tile	vertical		Wood	Wood_unclassified	Wood_Concrete	Wood	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	1.5m	subtidal	Final	7.000000	33.48	151.14	Middle Harbour, Sydney Harbour, Site3	Tasman Sea, Australia	reef	sheltered	1.5m below MLWS	Figure 2	ALL is the sum of all species in fig 2, and the habitat formers from this fig are also reported.
Glasby2000	2000	31.3333000	31.3049517	41.3333000	26.8328157	5	5	5	Cover	Sessile	Invert_Concrete	Invert_Rock	Invert	Y	Barnacles	Invertebrates	Balanus variegatus	Amphibalanus variegatus	Thoracica		15x15cm	0.0225	Y	Tile	horizontal		Sandstone	Rock_sandstone	Rock_Concrete	Rock	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	1.5m	subtidal	Final	7.000000	33.48	151.14	Middle Harbour, Sydney Harbour, Site3	Tasman Sea, Australia	reef	sheltered	1.5m below MLWS	Figure 2	ALL is the sum of all species in fig 2, and the habitat formers from this fig are also reported.
Glasby2000	2000	22.0000000	23.8514663	41.3333000	26.8328157	5	5	5	Cover	Sessile	Invert_Concrete	Invert_Wood	Invert	Y	Barnacles	Invertebrates	Balanus variegatus	Amphibalanus variegatus	Thoracica		15x15cm	0.0225	Y	Tile	horizontal		Wood	Wood_unclassified	Wood_Concrete	Wood	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	1.5m	subtidal	Final	7.000000	33.48	151.14	Middle Harbour, Sydney Harbour, Site3	Tasman Sea, Australia	reef	sheltered	1.5m below MLWS	Figure 2	ALL is the sum of all species in fig 2, and the habitat formers from this fig are also reported.
Glasby2000	2000	86.3928980	43.9764180	84.9003500	46.5971523	5	5	5	Cover	Sessile	Sessile_Concrete	Sessile_Rock	Sessile	N		Sessile	All				15x15cm	0.0225	Y	Tile	horizontal		Sandstone	Rock_sandstone	Rock_Concrete	Rock	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	1.5m	subtidal	Final	7.000000	33.48	151.14	Middle Harbour, Sydney Harbour, Site1	Tasman Sea, Australia	reef	sheltered	1.5m below MLWS - “ALL” is the sum of all species in fig 2, and the habitat formers from this fig are also reported.	Figure 2	ALL is the sum of all species in fig 2, and the habitat formers from this fig are also reported.
Glasby2000	2000	98.8021070	42.7171629	123.1111880	70.4613015	5	5	5	Cover	Sessile	Sessile_Concrete	Sessile_Rock	Sessile	N		Sessile	All				15x15cm	0.0225	Y	Tile	horizontal		Sandstone	Rock_sandstone	Rock_Concrete	Rock	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	1.5m	subtidal	Final	7.000000	33.48	151.14	Middle Harbour, Sydney Harbour, Site2	Tasman Sea, Australia	reef	sheltered	1.5m below MLWS - “ALL” is the sum of all species in fig 2, and the habitat formers from this fig are also reported.	Figure 2	ALL is the sum of all species in fig 2, and the habitat formers from this fig are also reported.
Glasby2000	2000	136.4891100	92.6521251	144.1076530	91.9813651	5	5	5	Cover	Sessile	Sessile_Concrete	Sessile_Rock	Sessile	N		Sessile	All				15x15cm	0.0225	Y	Tile	horizontal		Sandstone	Rock_sandstone	Rock_Concrete	Rock	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	1.5m	subtidal	Final	7.000000	33.48	151.14	Middle Harbour, Sydney Harbour, Site3	Tasman Sea, Australia	reef	sheltered	1.5m below MLWS - “ALL” is the sum of all species in fig 2, and the habitat formers from this fig are also reported.	Figure 2	ALL is the sum of all species in fig 2, and the habitat formers from this fig are also reported.
Glasby2000	2000	90.0657700	46.4941813	97.0928224	56.7754354	5	5	5	Cover	Sessile	Sessile_Concrete	Sessile_Rock	Sessile	N		Sessile	All				15x15cm	0.0225	Y	Tile	vertical		Sandstone	Rock_sandstone	Rock_Concrete	Rock	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	1.5m	subtidal	Final	7.000000	33.48	151.14	Middle Harbour, Sydney Harbour, Site1	Tasman Sea, Australia	reef	sheltered	1.5m below MLWS - “ALL” is the sum of all species in fig 2, and the habitat formers from this fig are also reported.	Figure 2	ALL is the sum of all species in fig 2, and the habitat formers from this fig are also reported.
Glasby2000	2000	85.4122827	64.8678944	97.0948570	62.5936159	5	5	5	Cover	Sessile	Sessile_Concrete	Sessile_Rock	Sessile	N		Sessile	All				15x15cm	0.0225	Y	Tile	vertical		Sandstone	Rock_sandstone	Rock_Concrete	Rock	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	1.5m	subtidal	Final	7.000000	33.48	151.14	Middle Harbour, Sydney Harbour, Site2	Tasman Sea, Australia	reef	sheltered	1.5m below MLWS - “ALL” is the sum of all species in fig 2, and the habitat formers from this fig are also reported.	Figure 2	ALL is the sum of all species in fig 2, and the habitat formers from this fig are also reported.
Glasby2000	2000	129.1427480	66.3990145	125.6408370	81.3896455	5	5	5	Cover	Sessile	Sessile_Concrete	Sessile_Rock	Sessile	N		Sessile	All				15x15cm	0.0225	Y	Tile	vertical		Sandstone	Rock_sandstone	Rock_Concrete	Rock	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	1.5m	subtidal	Final	7.000000	33.48	151.14	Middle Harbour, Sydney Harbour, Site3	Tasman Sea, Australia	reef	sheltered	1.5m below MLWS - “ALL” is the sum of all species in fig 2, and the habitat formers from this fig are also reported.	Figure 2	ALL is the sum of all species in fig 2, and the habitat formers from this fig are also reported.
Glasby2000	2000	73.9952380	31.4917707	84.9003500	46.5971523	5	5	5	Cover	Sessile	Sessile_Concrete	Sessile_Wood	Sessile	N		Sessile	All				15x15cm	0.0225	Y	Tile	horizontal		Wood	Wood_unclassified	Wood_Concrete	Wood	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	1.5m	subtidal	Final	7.000000	33.48	151.14	Middle Harbour, Sydney Harbour, Site1	Tasman Sea, Australia	reef	sheltered	1.5m below MLWS - “ALL” is the sum of all species in fig 2, and the habitat formers from this fig are also reported.	Figure 2	ALL is the sum of all species in fig 2, and the habitat formers from this fig are also reported.
Glasby2000	2000	75.8151180	40.9244446	123.1111880	70.4613015	5	5	5	Cover	Sessile	Sessile_Concrete	Sessile_Wood	Sessile	N		Sessile	All				15x15cm	0.0225	Y	Tile	horizontal		Wood	Wood_unclassified	Wood_Concrete	Wood	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	1.5m	subtidal	Final	7.000000	33.48	151.14	Middle Harbour, Sydney Harbour, Site2	Tasman Sea, Australia	reef	sheltered	1.5m below MLWS - “ALL” is the sum of all species in fig 2, and the habitat formers from this fig are also reported.	Figure 2	ALL is the sum of all species in fig 2, and the habitat formers from this fig are also reported.
Glasby2000	2000	94.8526800	77.2021029	144.1076530	91.9813651	5	5	5	Cover	Sessile	Sessile_Concrete	Sessile_Wood	Sessile	N		Sessile	All				15x15cm	0.0225	Y	Tile	horizontal		Wood	Wood_unclassified	Wood_Concrete	Wood	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	1.5m	subtidal	Final	7.000000	33.48	151.14	Middle Harbour, Sydney Harbour, Site3	Tasman Sea, Australia	reef	sheltered	1.5m below MLWS - “ALL” is the sum of all species in fig 2, and the habitat formers from this fig are also reported.	Figure 2	ALL is the sum of all species in fig 2, and the habitat formers from this fig are also reported.
Glasby2000	2000	87.6469200	65.4302403	97.0928224	56.7754354	5	5	5	Cover	Sessile	Sessile_Concrete	Sessile_Wood	Sessile	N		Sessile	All				15x15cm	0.0225	Y	Tile	vertical		Wood	Wood_unclassified	Wood_Concrete	Wood	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	1.5m	subtidal	Final	7.000000	33.48	151.14	Middle Harbour, Sydney Harbour, Site1	Tasman Sea, Australia	reef	sheltered	1.5m below MLWS - “ALL” is the sum of all species in fig 2, and the habitat formers from this fig are also reported.	Figure 2	ALL is the sum of all species in fig 2, and the habitat formers from this fig are also reported.
Glasby2000	2000	71.6764167	56.9621576	97.0948570	62.5936159	5	5	5	Cover	Sessile	Sessile_Concrete	Sessile_Wood	Sessile	N		Sessile	All				15x15cm	0.0225	Y	Tile	vertical		Wood	Wood_unclassified	Wood_Concrete	Wood	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	1.5m	subtidal	Final	7.000000	33.48	151.14	Middle Harbour, Sydney Harbour, Site2	Tasman Sea, Australia	reef	sheltered	1.5m below MLWS - “ALL” is the sum of all species in fig 2, and the habitat formers from this fig are also reported.	Figure 2	ALL is the sum of all species in fig 2, and the habitat formers from this fig are also reported.
Glasby2000	2000	111.2486600	79.0126471	125.6408370	81.3896455	5	5	5	Cover	Sessile	Sessile_Concrete	Sessile_Wood	Sessile	N		Sessile	All				15x15cm	0.0225	Y	Tile	vertical		Wood	Wood_unclassified	Wood_Concrete	Wood	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	1.5m	subtidal	Final	7.000000	33.48	151.14	Middle Harbour, Sydney Harbour, Site3	Tasman Sea, Australia	reef	sheltered	1.5m below MLWS - “ALL” is the sum of all species in fig 2, and the habitat formers from this fig are also reported.	Figure 2	ALL is the sum of all species in fig 2, and the habitat formers from this fig are also reported.
Graham et al 2016	2016	8.3790000	NA	13.4260000	NA	18	18	18	Cover	Sessile	Invert_Concrete	Invert_Rock	Invert	Y	Barnacles	Barnacles	Balanus	Thoracica	Thoracica		12.7x15.2cm vs 7.6x10.2cm	0.15	Y	mounds	Horizontal	ConcretevsRiverRock	River Rock	Rock_unclassified	Rock_Concrete	Rock	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Sub	subtidal	Final	15.000000	28.06	-97	USA	Mission-Aransas Estuary, Gulf of Mexico		sheltered	Not Significant	Figure 3
Graham et al 2016	2016	11.3650000	NA	13.4260000	NA	18	18	18	Cover	Sessile	Invert_Concrete	Invert_Rock	Invert	Y	Barnacles	Barnacles	Balanus	Thoracica	Thoracica		12.7x15.2cm vs 7.6x10.2cm	0.15	Y	mounds	Horizontal	ConcretevsLimestone	Limestone	Rock_limestone	Rock_Concrete	Rock	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Sub	subtidal	Final	15.000000	28.06	-97	USA	Mission-Aransas Estuary, Gulf of Mexico		sheltered	Not Significant	Figure 3
Graham et al 2016	2016	15.6790000	NA	13.4260000	NA	18	18	18	Cover	Sessile	Invert_Concrete	Invert_Biogenic	Invert	Y	Barnacles	Barnacles	Balanus	Thoracica	Thoracica		12.7x15.2cm vs 7.6x10.2cm	0.15	Y	mounds	Horizontal	ConcretevsShell	Shell	Biogenic_shell unclassified	Biogenic_Concrete	Biogenic	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Sub	subtidal	Final	15.000000	28.06	-97	USA	Mission-Aransas Estuary, Gulf of Mexico		sheltered	Not Significant	Figure 3	Can get SD from a boxplot by taking the range/4.
Graham et al 2016	2016	0.3110000	NA	0.5620000	NA	18	18	18	Cover	Sessile	Invert_Concrete	Invert_Rock	Invert	Y	Bivalves	Bivalve	C. viriginica	Crassostrea virginica	Crassostrea		12.7x15.2cm vs 7.6x10.2cm	0.15	Y	mounds	Horizontal	ConcretevsRiverRock	River Rock	Rock_unclassified	Rock_Concrete	Rock	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Sub	subtidal	Final	15.000000	28.06	-97	USA	Mission-Aransas Estuary, Gulf of Mexico		sheltered	Significant	Figure 3
Graham et al 2016	2016	0.4570000	NA	0.5620000	NA	18	18	18	Cover	Sessile	Invert_Concrete	Invert_Biogenic	Invert	Y	Bivalves	Bivalve	C. viriginica	Crassostrea virginica	Crassostrea		12.7x15.2cm vs 7.6x10.2cm	0.15	Y	mounds	Horizontal	ConcretevsShell	Shell	Biogenic_shell unclassified	Biogenic_Concrete	Biogenic	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Sub	subtidal	Final	15.000000	28.06	-97	USA	Mission-Aransas Estuary, Gulf of Mexico		sheltered	Not Significant	Figure 3
Graham et al 2016	2016	0.5370000	NA	0.5620000	NA	18	18	18	Cover	Sessile	Invert_Concrete	Invert_Rock	Invert	Y	Bivalves	Bivalve	C. viriginica	Crassostrea virginica	Crassostrea		12.7x15.2cm vs 7.6x10.2cm	0.15	Y	mounds	Horizontal	ConcretevsLimestone	Limestone	Rock_limestone	Rock_Concrete	Rock	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Sub	subtidal	Final	15.000000	28.06	-97	USA	Mission-Aransas Estuary, Gulf of Mexico		sheltered	Not Significant	Figure 3
Graham et al 2016	2016	22.8640000	NA	30.9440000	NA	18	18	18	Density	Sessile	Invert_Concrete	Invert_Rock	Invert	Y	Bivalves	Bivalve	All Oysters	Crassostrea	Crassostrea		12.7x15.2cm vs 7.6x10.2cm	0.15	Y	mounds	Horizontal	ConcretevsRiverRock	River Rock	Rock_unclassified	Rock_Concrete	Rock	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Sub	subtidal	Final	15.000000	28.06	-97	USA	Mission-Aransas Estuary, Gulf of Mexico		sheltered	Significant	Apendix S1.1.1
Graham et al 2016	2016	25.1610000	NA	30.9440000	NA	18	18	18	Density	Sessile	Invert_Concrete	Invert_Biogenic	Invert	Y	Bivalves	Bivalve	All Oysters	Crassostrea	Crassostrea		12.7x15.2cm vs 7.6x10.2cm	0.15	Y	mounds	Horizontal	ConcretevsShell	Shell	Biogenic_shell unclassified	Biogenic_Concrete	Biogenic	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Sub	subtidal	Final	15.000000	28.06	-97	USA	Mission-Aransas Estuary, Gulf of Mexico		sheltered	Significant	Apendix S1.1.1
Graham et al 2016	2016	29.0440000	NA	30.9440000	NA	18	18	18	Density	Sessile	Invert_Concrete	Invert_Rock	Invert	Y	Bivalves	Bivalve	All Oysters	Crassostrea	Crassostrea		12.7x15.2cm vs 7.6x10.2cm	0.15	Y	mounds	Horizontal	ConcretevsLimestone	Limestone	Rock_limestone	Rock_Concrete	Rock	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Sub	subtidal	Final	15.000000	28.06	-97	USA	Mission-Aransas Estuary, Gulf of Mexico		sheltered	Not Significant	Apendix S1.1.1
Graham et al 2016	2016	556.5900000	NA	895.0800000	NA	18	18	18	Density	Sessile	Invert_Concrete	Invert_Rock	Invert	Y	Bivalves	Bivalve	Oyster Spat	Crassostrea	Crassostrea		12.7x15.2cm vs 7.6x10.2cm	0.15	Y	mounds	Horizontal	ConcretevsRiverRock	River Rock	Rock_unclassified	Rock_Concrete	Rock	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Sub	subtidal	Final	15.000000	28.06	-97	USA	Mission-Aransas Estuary, Gulf of Mexico		sheltered	NS	Appendix S1.1.2
Graham et al 2016	2016	754.9100000	NA	895.0800000	NA	18	18	18	Density	Sessile	Invert_Concrete	Invert_Biogenic	Invert	Y	Bivalves	Bivalve	Oyster Spat	Crassostrea	Crassostrea		12.7x15.2cm vs 7.6x10.2cm	0.15	Y	mounds	Horizontal	ConcretevsShell	Shell	Biogenic_shell unclassified	Biogenic_Concrete	Biogenic	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Sub	subtidal	Final	15.000000	28.06	-97	USA	Mission-Aransas Estuary, Gulf of Mexico		sheltered	S	Appendix S1.1.2
Graham et al 2016	2016	840.6700000	NA	895.0800000	NA	18	18	18	Density	Sessile	Invert_Concrete	Invert_Rock	Invert	Y	Bivalves	Bivalve	Oyster Spat	Crassostrea	Crassostrea		12.7x15.2cm vs 7.6x10.2cm	0.15	Y	mounds	Horizontal	ConcretevsLimestone	Limestone	Rock_limestone	Rock_Concrete	Rock	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Sub	subtidal	Final	15.000000	28.06	-97	USA	Mission-Aransas Estuary, Gulf of Mexico		sheltered	S	Appendix S1.1.2
Graham et al 2016	2016	2.9070000	NA	2.5150000	NA	18	18	18	Density	Fish	Fish_Concrete	Fish_Rock	Fish	N		Fish	ALL				12.7x15.2cm vs 7.6x10.2cm	1	Y	mounds	Horizontal	ConcretevsRiverRock	River Rock	Rock_unclassified	Rock_Concrete	Rock	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Sub	subtidal	Final	15.000000	28.06	-97	USA	Mission-Aransas Estuary, Gulf of Mexico		sheltered	NS	Figure 5
Graham et al 2016	2016	4.5500000	NA	2.5150000	NA	18	18	18	Density	Fish	Fish_Concrete	Fish_Rock	Fish	N		Fish	All				12.7x15.2cm vs 7.6x10.2cm	1	Y	mounds	Horizontal	ConcretevsLimestone	Limestone	Rock_limestone	Rock_Concrete	Rock	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Sub	subtidal	Final	15.000000	28.06	-97	USA	Mission-Aransas Estuary, Gulf of Mexico		sheltered	S	Figure 5
Graham et al 2016	2016	5.4640000	NA	2.5150000	NA	18	18	18	Density	Fish	Fish_Concrete	Fish_Biogenic	Fish	N		Fish	All				12.7x15.2cm vs 7.6x10.2cm	1	Y	mounds	Horizontal	ConcretevsShell	Shell	Biogenic_shell unclassified	Biogenic_Concrete	Biogenic	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Sub	subtidal	Final	15.000000	28.06	-97	USA	Mission-Aransas Estuary, Gulf of Mexico		sheltered	S	Figure 5
Graham et al 2016	2016	4.3760000	NA	5.4680000	NA	18	18	18	Cover	Sessile	Invert_Concrete	Invert_Rock	Invert	Y	Tube_forming	Tube-forming	Serpulids	Serpulidae	Serpulidae		12.7x15.2cm vs 7.6x10.2cm	0.15	Y	mounds	Horizontal	ConcretevsRiverRock	River Rock	Rock_unclassified	Rock_Concrete	Rock	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Sub	subtidal	Final	15.000000	28.06	-97	USA	Mission-Aransas Estuary, Gulf of Mexico		sheltered	Not Significant	Figure 3	table 1 - could add mobile invertebrates.. And fish. Mean density /m2
Graham et al 2016	2016	6.3350000	NA	5.4680000	NA	18	18	18	Cover	Sessile	Invert_Concrete	Invert_Rock	Invert	Y	Tube_forming	Tube-forming	Serpulids	Serpulidae	Serpulidae		12.7x15.2cm vs 7.6x10.2cm	0.15	Y	mounds	Horizontal	ConcretevsLimestone	Limestone	Rock_limestone	Rock_Concrete	Rock	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Sub	subtidal	Final	15.000000	28.06	-97	USA	Mission-Aransas Estuary, Gulf of Mexico		sheltered	Not Significant	Figure 3
Graham et al 2016	2016	6.8210000	NA	5.4680000	NA	18	18	18	Cover	Sessile	Invert_Concrete	Invert_Biogenic	Invert	Y	Tube_forming	Tube-forming	Serpulids	Serpulidae	Serpulidae		12.7x15.2cm vs 7.6x10.2cm	0.15	Y	mounds	Horizontal	ConcretevsShell	Shell	Biogenic_shell unclassified	Biogenic_Concrete	Biogenic	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Sub	subtidal	Final	15.000000	28.06	-97	USA	Mission-Aransas Estuary, Gulf of Mexico		sheltered	Not Significant	Figure 3
Guarnieri et al 2009	2009	5.5292500	3.5095311	8.1927200	5.9662319	10	10	10	Cover	Sessile	Algae_Concrete	Algae_Rock	Algae	Y	Canopy_Algae	Algae	ALL	Chlorophyta	Chlorophyta		15x10x3cm	0.015	Y	Tile		granitevsconcrete	Granite	Rock_granite	Rock_Concrete	Rock	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	5m	subtidal	NA	3.000000	40.121	17.5506	Site 2 Porto Cesaro, Italy	Mediterranean	Rocky subtidal	Exposed	Significant	Fig 3A
Guarnieri et al 2009	2009	7.8882100	2.8076070	8.1927200	5.9662319	10	10	10	Cover	Sessile	Algae_Concrete	Algae_Rock	Algae	Y	Canopy_Algae	Algae	ALL	Chlorophyta	Chlorophyta		15x10x3cm	0.015	Y	Tile		sandstonevsconcrete	Sandstone	Rock_sandstone	Rock_Concrete	Rock	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	5m	subtidal	NA	3.000000	40.121	17.5506	Site 2 Porto Cesaro, Italy	Mediterranean	Rocky subtidal	Exposed	Significant	Fig 3A
Guarnieri et al 2009	2009	12.6259000	8.4228209	15.4411000	7.7209191	10	10	10	Cover	Sessile	Algae_Concrete	Algae_Rock	Algae	Y	Canopy_Algae	Algae	ALL	Chlorophyta	Chlorophyta		15x10x3cm	0.015	Y	Tile		sandstonevsconcrete	Sandstone	Rock_sandstone	Rock_Concrete	Rock	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	5m	subtidal	NA	3.000000	40.0821	18.303	Site 1 Otranto , Italy	Mediterranean	Rocky subtidal	Exposed	Significant	Fig 3A
Guarnieri et al 2009	2009	15.8786000	8.4228209	8.1927200	5.9662319	10	10	10	Cover	Sessile	Algae_Concrete	Algae_Rock	Algae	Y	Canopy_Algae	Algae	ALL	Chlorophyta	Chlorophyta		15x10x3cm	0.015	Y	Tile		limestonevsconcrete	Limestone	Rock_limestone	Rock_Concrete	Rock	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	5m	subtidal	NA	3.000000	40.121	17.5506	Site 2 Porto Cesaro, Italy	Mediterranean	Rocky subtidal	Exposed	Significant	Fig 3A
Guarnieri et al 2009	2009	16.1826000	10.8795887	24.3347000	15.4418382	10	10	10	Cover	Sessile	Algae_Concrete	Algae_Rock	Algae	Y	Canopy_Algae	Algae	ALL	Chlorophyta	Chlorophyta		15x10x3cm	0.015	Y	Tile		sandstonevsconcrete	Sandstone	Rock_sandstone	Rock_Concrete	Rock	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	5m	subtidal	NA	3.000000	40.121	17.5506	Site 1 Porto Cesaro, Italy	Mediterranean	Rocky subtidal	Exposed	Significant	Fig 3A
Guarnieri et al 2009	2009	21.5048000	9.4757853	24.3347000	15.4418382	10	10	10	Cover	Sessile	Algae_Concrete	Algae_Rock	Algae	Y	Canopy_Algae	Algae	ALL	Chlorophyta	Chlorophyta		15x10x3cm	0.015	Y	Tile		limestonevsconcrete	Limestone	Rock_limestone	Rock_Concrete	Rock	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	5m	subtidal	NA	3.000000	40.121	17.5506	Site 1 Porto Cesaro, Italy	Mediterranean	Rocky subtidal	Exposed	Significant	Fig 3A
Guarnieri et al 2009	2009	22.4992000	9.8266243	15.4411000	7.7209191	10	10	10	Cover	Sessile	Algae_Concrete	Algae_Rock	Algae	Y	Canopy_Algae	Algae	ALL	Chlorophyta	Chlorophyta		15x10x3cm	0.015	Y	Tile		limestonevsconcrete	Limestone	Rock_limestone	Rock_Concrete	Rock	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	5m	subtidal	NA	3.000000	40.0821	18.303	Site 1 Otranto , Italy	Mediterranean	Rocky subtidal	Exposed	Significant	Fig 3A
Guarnieri et al 2009	2009	23.9217000	10.8795887	15.4411000	7.7209191	10	10	10	Cover	Sessile	Algae_Concrete	Algae_Rock	Algae	Y	Canopy_Algae	Algae	ALL	Chlorophyta	Chlorophyta		15x10x3cm	0.015	Y	Tile		granitevsconcrete	Granite	Rock_granite	Rock_Concrete	Rock	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	5m	subtidal	NA	3.000000	40.0821	18.303	Site 1 Otranto , Italy	Mediterranean	Rocky subtidal	Exposed	Significant	Fig 3A
Guarnieri et al 2009	2009	98.9989000	59.6607533	24.3347000	15.4418382	10	10	10	Cover	Sessile	Algae_Concrete	Algae_Rock	Algae	Y	Canopy_Algae	Algae	ALL	Chlorophyta	Chlorophyta		15x10x3cm	0.015	Y	Tile		granitevsconcrete	Granite	Rock_granite	Rock_Concrete	Rock	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	5m	subtidal	NA	3.000000	40.121	17.5506	Site 1 Porto Cesaro, Italy	Mediterranean	Rocky subtidal	Exposed	Significant	Fig 3A
Guarnieri et al 2009	2009	0.0000000	0.0000000	7.3109800	3.5095311	5	5	5	Cover	Sessile	Algae_Concrete	Algae_Rock	Algae	N		Algae	Green Filamentous spp				15x10x3cm	0.0126	Y	Tile		granitevsconcrete	Granite	Rock_granite	Rock_Concrete	Rock	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	5m	subtidal	Final	9.000000	40.0821	18.303	Site 2 Otranto , Italy	Mediterranean	Rocky subtidal	Exposed	Significant	Fig 3A	Grazers in background substrate (sea urchins) - removed. 9cm x 14cm of each tile considered for counts.
Guarnieri et al 2009	2009	0.0000000	0.0000000	2.7354300	3.5095087	5	5	5	Cover	Sessile	Algae_Concrete	Algae_Rock	Algae	N		Algae	Green Filamentous spp				15x10x3cm	0.0126	Y	Tile		granitevsconcrete	Granite	Rock_granite	Rock_Concrete	Rock	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	5m	subtidal	Final	9.000000	40.0821	18.303	Site 1 Otranto , Italy	Mediterranean	Rocky subtidal	Exposed	Significant	Fig 3A	Grazers in background substrate (sea urchins) - removed. 9cm x 14cm of each tile considered for counts.
Guarnieri et al 2009	2009	0.1762440	0.0000000	0.1715510	0.0000000	5	5	5	Cover	Sessile	Algae_Concrete	Algae_Rock	Algae	N		Algae	Green Filamentous spp				15x10x3cm	0.0126	Y	Tile		granitevsconcrete	Granite	Rock_granite	Rock_Concrete	Rock	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	5m	subtidal	Final	9.000000	40.121	17.5506	Site 1 Porto Cesaro, Italy	Mediterranean	Rocky subtidal	Exposed	Significant	Fig 3A	Grazers in background substrate (sea urchins) - removed. 9cm x 14cm of each tile considered for counts.
Guarnieri et al 2009	2009	0.4802380	0.3509509	0.1715510	0.0000000	5	5	5	Cover	Sessile	Algae_Concrete	Algae_Rock	Algae	N		Algae	Green Filamentous spp				15x10x3cm	0.0126	Y	Tile		limestonevsconcrete	Limestone	Rock_limestone	Rock_Concrete	Rock	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	5m	subtidal	Final	9.000000	40.121	17.5506	Site 1 Porto Cesaro, Italy	Mediterranean	Rocky subtidal	Exposed	Significant	Fig 3A	Grazers in background substrate (sea urchins) - removed. 9cm x 14cm of each tile considered for counts.
Guarnieri et al 2009	2009	0.4948380	0.0000000	0.1715510	0.0000000	5	5	5	Cover	Sessile	Algae_Concrete	Algae_Rock	Algae	N		Algae	Green Filamentous spp				15x10x3cm	0.0126	Y	Tile		sandstonevsconcrete	Sandstone	Rock_sandstone	Rock_Concrete	Rock	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	5m	subtidal	Final	9.000000	40.121	17.5506	Site 1 Porto Cesaro, Italy	Mediterranean	Rocky subtidal	Exposed	Significant	Fig 3A	Grazers in background substrate (sea urchins) - removed. 9cm x 14cm of each tile considered for counts.
Guarnieri et al 2009	2009	1.3854400	1.0528526	0.5907810	1.7547521	5	5	5	Cover	Sessile	Algae_Concrete	Algae_Rock	Algae	N		Algae	Green Filamentous spp				15x10x3cm	0.0126	Y	Tile		sandstonevsconcrete	Sandstone	Rock_sandstone	Rock_Concrete	Rock	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	5m	subtidal	Final	9.000000	40.4302	17.4758	Site 1 Guaceto, Italy	Mediterranean	Rocky subtidal	Exposed	Significant	Fig 3A	Grazers in background substrate (sea urchins) - removed. 9cm x 14cm of each tile considered for counts.
Guarnieri et al 2009	2009	1.5377000	0.7019017	0.5907810	1.7547521	5	5	5	Cover	Sessile	Algae_Concrete	Algae_Rock	Algae	N		Algae	Green Filamentous spp				15x10x3cm	0.0126	Y	Tile		granitevsconcrete	Granite	Rock_granite	Rock_Concrete	Rock	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	5m	subtidal	Final	9.000000	40.4302	17.4758	Site 1 Guaceto, Italy	Mediterranean	Rocky subtidal	Exposed	Significant	Fig 3A	Grazers in background substrate (sea urchins) - removed. 9cm x 14cm of each tile considered for counts.
Guarnieri et al 2009	2009	1.5663800	1.7547543	0.0000000	0.0000000	5	5	5	Cover	Sessile	Algae_Concrete	Algae_Rock	Algae	N		Algae	Green Filamentous spp				15x10x3cm	0.0126	Y	Tile		sandstonevsconcrete	Sandstone	Rock_sandstone	Rock_Concrete	Rock	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	5m	subtidal	Final	9.000000	40.4302	17.4758	Site 2 Guaceto, Italy	Mediterranean	Rocky subtidal	Exposed	Significant	Fig 3A	Grazers in background substrate (sea urchins) - removed. 9cm x 14cm of each tile considered for counts.
Guarnieri et al 2009	2009	2.5591800	1.7547767	6.0027100	1.4038035	5	5	5	Cover	Sessile	Algae_Concrete	Algae_Rock	Algae	N		Algae	Green Filamentous spp				15x10x3cm	0.0126	Y	Tile		sandstonevsconcrete	Sandstone	Rock_sandstone	Rock_Concrete	Rock	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	5m	subtidal	Final	9.000000	40.121	17.5506	Site 2 Porto Cesaro, Italy	Mediterranean	Rocky subtidal	Exposed	Significant	Fig 3A	Grazers in background substrate (sea urchins) - removed. 9cm x 14cm of each tile considered for counts.
Guarnieri et al 2009	2009	3.3387200	2.1057276	6.0027100	1.4038035	5	5	5	Cover	Sessile	Algae_Concrete	Algae_Rock	Algae	N		Algae	Green Filamentous spp				15x10x3cm	0.0126	Y	Tile		granitevsconcrete	Granite	Rock_granite	Rock_Concrete	Rock	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	5m	subtidal	Final	9.000000	40.121	17.5506	Site 2 Porto Cesaro, Italy	Mediterranean	Rocky subtidal	Exposed	Significant	Fig 3A	Grazers in background substrate (sea urchins) - removed. 9cm x 14cm of each tile considered for counts.
Guarnieri et al 2009	2009	4.2710400	1.4038035	6.0027100	1.4038035	5	5	5	Cover	Sessile	Algae_Concrete	Algae_Rock	Algae	N		Algae	Green Filamentous spp				15x10x3cm	0.0126	Y	Tile		limestonevsconcrete	Limestone	Rock_limestone	Rock_Concrete	Rock	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	5m	subtidal	Final	9.000000	40.121	17.5506	Site 2 Porto Cesaro, Italy	Mediterranean	Rocky subtidal	Exposed	Significant	Fig 3A	Grazers in background substrate (sea urchins) - removed. 9cm x 14cm of each tile considered for counts.
Guarnieri et al 2009	2009	4.3143200	3.5095311	2.7354300	3.5095087	5	5	5	Cover	Sessile	Algae_Concrete	Algae_Rock	Algae	N		Algae	Green Filamentous spp				15x10x3cm	0.0126	Y	Tile		sandstonevsconcrete	Sandstone	Rock_sandstone	Rock_Concrete	Rock	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	5m	subtidal	Final	9.000000	40.0821	18.303	Site 1 Otranto , Italy	Mediterranean	Rocky subtidal	Exposed	Significant	Fig 3A	Grazers in background substrate (sea urchins) - removed. 9cm x 14cm of each tile considered for counts.
Guarnieri et al 2009	2009	6.2363100	1.4038258	0.5907810	1.7547521	5	5	5	Cover	Sessile	Algae_Concrete	Algae_Rock	Algae	N		Algae	Green Filamentous spp				15x10x3cm	0.0126	Y	Tile		limestonevsconcrete	Limestone	Rock_limestone	Rock_Concrete	Rock	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	5m	subtidal	Final	9.000000	40.4302	17.4758	Site 1 Guaceto, Italy	Mediterranean	Rocky subtidal	Exposed	Significant	Fig 3A	Grazers in background substrate (sea urchins) - removed. 9cm x 14cm of each tile considered for counts.
Guarnieri et al 2009	2009	6.7316700	1.4038035	0.0000000	0.0000000	5	5	5	Cover	Sessile	Algae_Concrete	Algae_Rock	Algae	N		Algae	Green Filamentous spp				15x10x3cm	0.0126	Y	Tile		limestonevsconcrete	Limestone	Rock_limestone	Rock_Concrete	Rock	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	5m	subtidal	Final	9.000000	40.4302	17.4758	Site 2 Guaceto, Italy	Mediterranean	Rocky subtidal	Exposed	Significant	Fig 3A	Grazers in background substrate (sea urchins) - removed. 9cm x 14cm of each tile considered for counts.
Guarnieri et al 2009	2009	6.7389700	5.2642854	25.2498000	12.6342313	10	10	10	Cover	Sessile	Algae_Concrete	Algae_Rock	Algae	N		Algae	ALL				15x10x3cm	0.015	Y	Tile		sandstonevsconcrete	Sandstone	Rock_sandstone	Rock_Concrete	Rock	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	5m	subtidal	NA	3.000000	40.4302	17.4758	Site 2 Guaceto, Italy	Mediterranean	Rocky subtidal	Exposed	Significant	Fig 3A
Guarnieri et al 2009	2009	7.8397100	2.4566784	0.0000000	0.0000000	5	5	5	Cover	Sessile	Algae_Concrete	Algae_Rock	Algae	N		Algae	Green Filamentous spp				15x10x3cm	0.0126	Y	Tile		granitevsconcrete	Granite	Rock_granite	Rock_Concrete	Rock	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	5m	subtidal	Final	9.000000	40.4302	17.4758	Site 2 Guaceto, Italy	Mediterranean	Rocky subtidal	Exposed	Significant	Fig 3A	Grazers in background substrate (sea urchins) - removed. 9cm x 14cm of each tile considered for counts.
Guarnieri et al 2009	2009	8.7329200	4.2113657	7.3109800	3.5095311	5	5	5	Cover	Sessile	Algae_Concrete	Algae_Rock	Algae	N		Algae	Green Filamentous spp				15x10x3cm	0.0126	Y	Tile		sandstonevsconcrete	Sandstone	Rock_sandstone	Rock_Concrete	Rock	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	5m	subtidal	Final	9.000000	40.0821	18.303	Site 2 Otranto , Italy	Mediterranean	Rocky subtidal	Exposed	Significant	Fig 3A	Grazers in background substrate (sea urchins) - removed. 9cm x 14cm of each tile considered for counts.
Guarnieri et al 2009	2009	10.5783000	4.5622495	2.7354300	3.5095087	5	5	5	Cover	Sessile	Algae_Concrete	Algae_Rock	Algae	N		Algae	Green Filamentous spp				15x10x3cm	0.0126	Y	Tile		limestonevsconcrete	Limestone	Rock_limestone	Rock_Concrete	Rock	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	5m	subtidal	Final	9.000000	40.0821	18.303	Site 1 Otranto , Italy	Mediterranean	Rocky subtidal	Exposed	Significant	Fig 3A	Grazers in background substrate (sea urchins) - removed. 9cm x 14cm of each tile considered for counts.
Guarnieri et al 2009	2009	12.9930000	4.2114104	7.9606800	3.5095311	10	10	10	Cover	Sessile	Algae_Concrete	Algae_Rock	Algae	N		Algae	ALL				15x10x3cm	0.015	Y	Tile		sandstonevsconcrete	Sandstone	Rock_sandstone	Rock_Concrete	Rock	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	5m	subtidal	NA	3.000000	40.4302	17.4758	Site 1 Guaceto, Italy	Mediterranean	Rocky subtidal	Exposed	Significant	Fig 3A
Guarnieri et al 2009	2009	13.6401000	6.3171156	25.2498000	12.6342313	10	10	10	Cover	Sessile	Algae_Concrete	Algae_Rock	Algae	N		Algae	ALL				15x10x3cm	0.015	Y	Tile		granitevsconcrete	Granite	Rock_granite	Rock_Concrete	Rock	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	5m	subtidal	NA	3.000000	40.4302	17.4758	Site 2 Guaceto, Italy	Mediterranean	Rocky subtidal	Exposed	Significant	Fig 3A
Guarnieri et al 2009	2009	13.7486000	8.4228209	20.8014000	8.7738835	10	10	10	Cover	Sessile	Algae_Concrete	Algae_Rock	Algae	N		Algae	ALL				15x10x3cm	0.015	Y	Tile		sandstonevsconcrete	Sandstone	Rock_sandstone	Rock_Concrete	Rock	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	5m	subtidal	NA	3.000000	40.0821	18.303	Site 2 Otranto , Italy	Mediterranean	Rocky subtidal	Exposed	Significant	Fig 3A
Guarnieri et al 2009	2009	14.7148000	4.9133122	7.9606800	3.5095311	10	10	10	Cover	Sessile	Algae_Concrete	Algae_Rock	Algae	N		Algae	ALL				15x10x3cm	0.015	Y	Tile		granitevsconcrete	Granite	Rock_granite	Rock_Concrete	Rock	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	5m	subtidal	NA	3.000000	40.4302	17.4758	Site 1 Guaceto, Italy	Mediterranean	Rocky subtidal	Exposed	Significant	Fig 3A
Guarnieri et al 2009	2009	14.8430000	3.8605714	20.8014000	8.7738835	10	10	10	Cover	Sessile	Algae_Concrete	Algae_Rock	Algae	N		Algae	ALL				15x10x3cm	0.015	Y	Tile		granitevsconcrete	Granite	Rock_granite	Rock_Concrete	Rock	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	5m	subtidal	NA	3.000000	40.0821	18.303	Site 2 Otranto , Italy	Mediterranean	Rocky subtidal	Exposed	Significant	Fig 3A
Guarnieri et al 2009	2009	15.6242000	6.3171156	7.3109800	3.5095311	5	5	5	Cover	Sessile	Algae_Concrete	Algae_Rock	Algae	N		Algae	Green Filamentous spp				15x10x3cm	0.0126	Y	Tile		limestonevsconcrete	Limestone	Rock_limestone	Rock_Concrete	Rock	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	5m	subtidal	Final	9.000000	40.0821	18.303	Site 2 Otranto , Italy	Mediterranean	Rocky subtidal	Exposed	Significant	Fig 3A	Grazers in background substrate (sea urchins) - removed. 9cm x 14cm of each tile considered for counts.
Guarnieri et al 2009	2009	16.5883000	5.2641512	7.9606800	3.5095311	10	10	10	Cover	Sessile	Algae_Concrete	Algae_Rock	Algae	N		Algae	ALL				15x10x3cm	0.015	Y	Tile		limestonevsconcrete	Limestone	Rock_limestone	Rock_Concrete	Rock	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	5m	subtidal	NA	3.000000	40.4302	17.4758	Site 1 Guaceto, Italy	Mediterranean	Rocky subtidal	Exposed	Significant	Fig 3A
Guarnieri et al 2009	2009	18.9139000	6.6679547	20.8014000	8.7738835	10	10	10	Cover	Sessile	Algae_Concrete	Algae_Rock	Algae	N		Algae	ALL				15x10x3cm	0.015	Y	Tile		limestonevsconcrete	Limestone	Rock_limestone	Rock_Concrete	Rock	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	5m	subtidal	NA	3.000000	40.0821	18.303	Site 2 Otranto , Italy	Mediterranean	Rocky subtidal	Exposed	Significant	Fig 3A
Guarnieri et al 2009	2009	22.5769000	11.2304278	25.2498000	12.6342313	10	10	10	Cover	Sessile	Algae_Concrete	Algae_Rock	Algae	N		Algae	ALL				15x10x3cm	0.015	Y	Tile		limestonevsconcrete	Limestone	Rock_limestone	Rock_Concrete	Rock	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	5m	subtidal	NA	3.000000	40.4302	17.4758	Site 2 Guaceto, Italy	Mediterranean	Rocky subtidal	Exposed	Significant	Fig 3A
Guarnieri et al 2009	2009	0.0000000	0.0000000	0.1585000	0.4551293	10	10	10	Cover	Sessile	Algae_Concrete	Algae_Rock	Algae	Y	Coralline_Algae	BranchingCorralline	ALL	Corallinales	Corallinales		15x10x3cm	0.015	Y	Tile		sandstonevsconcrete	Sandstone	Rock_sandstone	Rock_Concrete	Rock	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	5m	subtidal	NA	3.000000	40.4302	17.4758	Site 2 Guaceto, Italy	Mediterranean	Rocky subtidal	Exposed	Significant	Fig 3A
Guarnieri et al 2009	2009	0.0000000	0.0000000	0.0000000	0.0000000	10	10	10	Cover	Sessile	Algae_Concrete	Algae_Rock	Algae	Y	Coralline_Algae	BranchingCorralline	ALL	Corallinales	Corallinales		15x10x3cm	0.015	Y	Tile		limestonevsconcrete	Limestone	Rock_limestone	Rock_Concrete	Rock	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	5m	subtidal	NA	3.000000	40.121	17.5506	Site 1 Porto Cesaro, Italy	Mediterranean	Rocky subtidal	Exposed	Significant	Fig 3A
Guarnieri et al 2009	2009	0.0000000	0.0000000	0.0000000	0.0000000	10	10	10	Cover	Sessile	Algae_Concrete	Algae_Rock	Algae	Y	Coralline_Algae	BranchingCorralline	ALL	Corallinales	Corallinales		15x10x3cm	0.015	Y	Tile		granitevsconcrete	Granite	Rock_granite	Rock_Concrete	Rock	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	5m	subtidal	NA	3.000000	40.121	17.5506	Site 1 Porto Cesaro, Italy	Mediterranean	Rocky subtidal	Exposed	Significant	Fig 3A
Guarnieri et al 2009	2009	0.0000000	0.0000000	0.0000000	0.0000000	10	10	10	Cover	Sessile	Algae_Concrete	Algae_Rock	Algae	Y	Coralline_Algae	BranchingCorralline	ALL	Corallinales	Corallinales		15x10x3cm	0.015	Y	Tile		sandstonevsconcrete	Sandstone	Rock_sandstone	Rock_Concrete	Rock	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	5m	subtidal	NA	3.000000	40.121	17.5506	Site 1 Porto Cesaro, Italy	Mediterranean	Rocky subtidal	Exposed	Significant	Fig 3A
Guarnieri et al 2009	2009	0.0000000	0.0000000	0.0000000	0.0000000	10	10	10	Cover	Sessile	Algae_Concrete	Algae_Rock	Algae	Y	Coralline_Algae	BranchingCorralline	ALL	Corallinales	Corallinales		15x10x3cm	0.015	Y	Tile		limestonevsconcrete	Limestone	Rock_limestone	Rock_Concrete	Rock	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	5m	subtidal	NA	3.000000	40.121	17.5506	Site 2 Porto Cesaro, Italy	Mediterranean	Rocky subtidal	Exposed	Significant	Fig 3A
Guarnieri et al 2009	2009	0.0000000	0.0000000	0.0000000	0.0000000	10	10	10	Cover	Sessile	Algae_Concrete	Algae_Rock	Algae	Y	Coralline_Algae	BranchingCorralline	ALL	Corallinales	Corallinales		15x10x3cm	0.015	Y	Tile		granitevsconcrete	Granite	Rock_granite	Rock_Concrete	Rock	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	5m	subtidal	NA	3.000000	40.121	17.5506	Site 2 Porto Cesaro, Italy	Mediterranean	Rocky subtidal	Exposed	Significant	Fig 3A
Guarnieri et al 2009	2009	0.0000000	0.0000000	0.0000000	0.0000000	10	10	10	Cover	Sessile	Algae_Concrete	Algae_Rock	Algae	Y	Coralline_Algae	BranchingCorralline	ALL	Corallinales	Corallinales		15x10x3cm	0.015	Y	Tile		sandstonevsconcrete	Sandstone	Rock_sandstone	Rock_Concrete	Rock	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	5m	subtidal	NA	3.000000	40.121	17.5506	Site 2 Porto Cesaro, Italy	Mediterranean	Rocky subtidal	Exposed	Significant	Fig 3A
Guarnieri et al 2009	2009	0.0000000	0.0000000	0.0000000	0.0000000	10	10	10	Cover	Sessile	Algae_Concrete	Algae_Rock	Algae	Y	Coralline_Algae	BranchingCorralline	ALL	Corallinales	Corallinales		15x10x3cm	0.015	Y	Tile		limestonevsconcrete	Limestone	Rock_limestone	Rock_Concrete	Rock	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	5m	subtidal	NA	3.000000	40.4302	17.4758	Site 1 Guaceto, Italy	Mediterranean	Rocky subtidal	Exposed	Significant	Fig 3A
Guarnieri et al 2009	2009	0.0000000	0.0000000	0.0000000	0.0000000	10	10	10	Cover	Sessile	Algae_Concrete	Algae_Rock	Algae	Y	Coralline_Algae	BranchingCorralline	ALL	Corallinales	Corallinales		15x10x3cm	0.015	Y	Tile		granitevsconcrete	Granite	Rock_granite	Rock_Concrete	Rock	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	5m	subtidal	NA	3.000000	40.4302	17.4758	Site 1 Guaceto, Italy	Mediterranean	Rocky subtidal	Exposed	Significant	Fig 3A
Guarnieri et al 2009	2009	0.0000000	0.0000000	0.0000000	0.0000000	10	10	10	Cover	Sessile	Algae_Concrete	Algae_Rock	Algae	Y	Coralline_Algae	BranchingCorralline	ALL	Corallinales	Corallinales		15x10x3cm	0.015	Y	Tile		sandstonevsconcrete	Sandstone	Rock_sandstone	Rock_Concrete	Rock	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	5m	subtidal	NA	3.000000	40.4302	17.4758	Site 1 Guaceto, Italy	Mediterranean	Rocky subtidal	Exposed	Significant	Fig 3A
Guarnieri et al 2009	2009	0.0000000	0.0000000	0.0000000	0.0000000	10	10	10	Cover	Sessile	Algae_Concrete	Algae_Rock	Algae	Y	Coralline_Algae	BranchingCorralline	ALL	Corallinales	Corallinales		15x10x3cm	0.015	Y	Tile		limestonevsconcrete	Limestone	Rock_limestone	Rock_Concrete	Rock	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	5m	subtidal	Final	9.000000	40.0821	18.303	Site 1 Otranto , Italy	Mediterranean	Rocky subtidal	Exposed	NS	Fig 3A
Guarnieri et al 2009	2009	0.0000000	0.0000000	0.0000000	0.0000000	10	10	10	Cover	Sessile	Algae_Concrete	Algae_Rock	Algae	Y	Coralline_Algae	BranchingCorralline	ALL	Corallinales	Corallinales		15x10x3cm	0.015	Y	Tile		granitevsconcrete	Granite	Rock_granite	Rock_Concrete	Rock	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	5m	subtidal	Final	9.000000	40.0821	18.303	Site 1 Otranto , Italy	Mediterranean	Rocky subtidal	Exposed	NS	Fig 3A
Guarnieri et al 2009	2009	0.0000000	0.0000000	0.0000000	0.0000000	10	10	10	Cover	Sessile	Algae_Concrete	Algae_Rock	Algae	Y	Coralline_Algae	BranchingCorralline	ALL	Corallinales	Corallinales		15x10x3cm	0.015	Y	Tile		sandstonevsconcrete	Sandstone	Rock_sandstone	Rock_Concrete	Rock	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	5m	subtidal	Final	9.000000	40.0821	18.303	Site 1 Otranto , Italy	Mediterranean	Rocky subtidal	Exposed	NS	Fig 3A
Guarnieri et al 2009	2009	0.0000000	0.0000000	0.0000000	0.0000000	10	10	10	Cover	Sessile	Algae_Concrete	Algae_Rock	Algae	Y	Coralline_Algae	BranchingCorralline	ALL	Corallinales	Corallinales		15x10x3cm	0.015	Y	Tile		limestonevsconcrete	Limestone	Rock_limestone	Rock_Concrete	Rock	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	5m	subtidal	Final	9.000000	40.0821	18.303	Site 2 Otranto , Italy	Mediterranean	Rocky subtidal	Exposed	NS	Fig 3A
Guarnieri et al 2009	2009	0.0000000	0.0000000	0.0000000	0.0000000	10	10	10	Cover	Sessile	Algae_Concrete	Algae_Rock	Algae	Y	Coralline_Algae	BranchingCorralline	ALL	Corallinales	Corallinales		15x10x3cm	0.015	Y	Tile		granitevsconcrete	Granite	Rock_granite	Rock_Concrete	Rock	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	5m	subtidal	Final	9.000000	40.0821	18.303	Site 2 Otranto , Italy	Mediterranean	Rocky subtidal	Exposed	NS	Fig 3A
Guarnieri et al 2009	2009	0.0000000	0.0000000	0.0000000	0.0000000	10	10	10	Cover	Sessile	Algae_Concrete	Algae_Rock	Algae	Y	Coralline_Algae	BranchingCorralline	ALL	Corallinales	Corallinales		15x10x3cm	0.015	Y	Tile		sandstonevsconcrete	Sandstone	Rock_sandstone	Rock_Concrete	Rock	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	5m	subtidal	Final	9.000000	40.0821	18.303	Site 2 Otranto , Italy	Mediterranean	Rocky subtidal	Exposed	NS	Fig 3A
Guarnieri et al 2009	2009	0.0999400	0.2600100	0.1585000	0.4551293	10	10	10	Cover	Sessile	Algae_Concrete	Algae_Rock	Algae	Y	Coralline_Algae	BranchingCorralline	ALL	Corallinales	Corallinales		15x10x3cm	0.015	Y	Tile		limestonevsconcrete	Limestone	Rock_limestone	Rock_Concrete	Rock	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	5m	subtidal	NA	3.000000	40.4302	17.4758	Site 2 Guaceto, Italy	Mediterranean	Rocky subtidal	Exposed	Significant	Fig 3A
Guarnieri et al 2009	2009	0.1008000	0.0000000	0.1585000	0.4551293	10	10	10	Cover	Sessile	Algae_Concrete	Algae_Rock	Algae	Y	Coralline_Algae	BranchingCorralline	ALL	Corallinales	Corallinales		15x10x3cm	0.015	Y	Tile		granitevsconcrete	Granite	Rock_granite	Rock_Concrete	Rock	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	5m	subtidal	NA	3.000000	40.4302	17.4758	Site 2 Guaceto, Italy	Mediterranean	Rocky subtidal	Exposed	Significant	Fig 3A
Guarnieri et al 2009	2009	0.1057960	0.2600077	0.6285690	0.3900127	10	10	10	Cover	Sessile	Algae_Concrete	Algae_Rock	Algae	Y	Coralline_Algae	BranchingCorralline	ALL	Corallinales	Corallinales		15x10x3cm	0.015	Y	Tile		granitevsconcrete	Granite	Rock_granite	Rock_Concrete	Rock	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	5m	subtidal	Final	9.000000	40.121	17.5506	Site 2 Porto Cesaro, Italy	Mediterranean	Rocky subtidal	Exposed	NS	Fig 3A
Guarnieri et al 2009	2009	0.1804640	0.1950053	0.3253630	0.4550130	10	10	10	Cover	Sessile	Algae_Concrete	Algae_Rock	Algae	Y	Coralline_Algae	BranchingCorralline	ALL	Corallinales	Corallinales		15x10x3cm	0.015	Y	Tile		granitevsconcrete	Granite	Rock_granite	Rock_Concrete	Rock	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	5m	subtidal	NA	3.000000	40.0821	18.303	Site 1 Otranto , Italy	Mediterranean	Rocky subtidal	Exposed	Significant	Fig 3A
Guarnieri et al 2009	2009	0.2005940	0.3250102	0.4327020	0.3900127	10	10	10	Cover	Sessile	Algae_Concrete	Algae_Rock	Algae	Y	Coralline_Algae	BranchingCorralline	ALL	Corallinales	Corallinales		15x10x3cm	0.015	Y	Tile		granitevsconcrete	Granite	Rock_granite	Rock_Concrete	Rock	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	5m	subtidal	Final	9.000000	40.4302	17.4758	Site 1 Guaceto, Italy	Mediterranean	Rocky subtidal	Exposed	NS	Fig 3A
Guarnieri et al 2009	2009	0.2971930	0.2600077	0.3253630	0.4550130	10	10	10	Cover	Sessile	Algae_Concrete	Algae_Rock	Algae	Y	Coralline_Algae	BranchingCorralline	ALL	Corallinales	Corallinales		15x10x3cm	0.015	Y	Tile		sandstonevsconcrete	Sandstone	Rock_sandstone	Rock_Concrete	Rock	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	5m	subtidal	NA	3.000000	40.0821	18.303	Site 1 Otranto , Italy	Mediterranean	Rocky subtidal	Exposed	Significant	Fig 3A
Guarnieri et al 2009	2009	0.3374540	0.4550130	0.6285690	0.3900127	10	10	10	Cover	Sessile	Algae_Concrete	Algae_Rock	Algae	Y	Coralline_Algae	BranchingCorralline	ALL	Corallinales	Corallinales		15x10x3cm	0.015	Y	Tile		limestonevsconcrete	Limestone	Rock_limestone	Rock_Concrete	Rock	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	5m	subtidal	Final	9.000000	40.121	17.5506	Site 2 Porto Cesaro, Italy	Mediterranean	Rocky subtidal	Exposed	NS	Fig 3A
Guarnieri et al 2009	2009	0.3539180	0.3900127	0.3253630	0.4550130	10	10	10	Cover	Sessile	Algae_Concrete	Algae_Rock	Algae	Y	Coralline_Algae	BranchingCorralline	ALL	Corallinales	Corallinales		15x10x3cm	0.015	Y	Tile		limestonevsconcrete	Limestone	Rock_limestone	Rock_Concrete	Rock	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	5m	subtidal	NA	3.000000	40.0821	18.303	Site 1 Otranto , Italy	Mediterranean	Rocky subtidal	Exposed	Significant	Fig 3A
Guarnieri et al 2009	2009	0.4031820	0.4550152	0.4327020	0.3900127	10	10	10	Cover	Sessile	Algae_Concrete	Algae_Rock	Algae	Y	Coralline_Algae	BranchingCorralline	ALL	Corallinales	Corallinales		15x10x3cm	0.015	Y	Tile		limestonevsconcrete	Limestone	Rock_limestone	Rock_Concrete	Rock	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	5m	subtidal	Final	9.000000	40.4302	17.4758	Site 1 Guaceto, Italy	Mediterranean	Rocky subtidal	Exposed	NS	Fig 3A
Guarnieri et al 2009	2009	0.5232560	0.4550130	2.4418600	3.4451099	10	10	10	Cover	Sessile	Algae_Concrete	Algae_Rock	Algae	Y	Coralline_Algae	BranchingCorralline	ALL	Corallinales	Corallinales		15x10x3cm	0.015	Y	Tile		granitevsconcrete	Granite	Rock_granite	Rock_Concrete	Rock	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	5m	subtidal	NA	3.000000	40.0821	18.303	Site 2 Otranto , Italy	Mediterranean	Rocky subtidal	Exposed	Significant	Fig 3A
Guarnieri et al 2009	2009	0.5232560	0.4550130	2.4418600	3.4451099	10	10	10	Cover	Sessile	Algae_Concrete	Algae_Rock	Algae	Y	Coralline_Algae	BranchingCorralline	ALL	Corallinales	Corallinales		15x10x3cm	0.015	Y	Tile		granitevsconcrete	Granite	Rock_granite	Rock_Concrete	Rock	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	5m	subtidal	Final	9.000000	40.121	17.5506	Site 1 Porto Cesaro, Italy	Mediterranean	Rocky subtidal	Exposed	NS	Fig 3A
Guarnieri et al 2009	2009	0.6098220	0.5850180	0.3186420	0.5200155	10	10	10	Cover	Sessile	Algae_Concrete	Algae_Rock	Algae	Y	Coralline_Algae	BranchingCorralline	ALL	Corallinales	Corallinales		15x10x3cm	0.015	Y	Tile		granitevsconcrete	Granite	Rock_granite	Rock_Concrete	Rock	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	5m	subtidal	Final	9.000000	40.4302	17.4758	Site 2 Guaceto, Italy	Mediterranean	Rocky subtidal	Exposed	NS	Fig 3A
Guarnieri et al 2009	2009	0.8038560	0.1508049	0.6285690	0.3900127	10	10	10	Cover	Sessile	Algae_Concrete	Algae_Rock	Algae	Y	Coralline_Algae	BranchingCorralline	ALL	Corallinales	Corallinales		15x10x3cm	0.015	Y	Tile		sandstonevsconcrete	Sandstone	Rock_sandstone	Rock_Concrete	Rock	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	5m	subtidal	Final	9.000000	40.121	17.5506	Site 2 Porto Cesaro, Italy	Mediterranean	Rocky subtidal	Exposed	NS	Fig 3A
Guarnieri et al 2009	2009	0.8124100	0.7146250	0.3186420	0.5200155	10	10	10	Cover	Sessile	Algae_Concrete	Algae_Rock	Algae	Y	Coralline_Algae	BranchingCorralline	ALL	Corallinales	Corallinales		15x10x3cm	0.015	Y	Tile		limestonevsconcrete	Limestone	Rock_limestone	Rock_Concrete	Rock	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	5m	subtidal	Final	9.000000	40.4302	17.4758	Site 2 Guaceto, Italy	Mediterranean	Rocky subtidal	Exposed	NS	Fig 3A
Guarnieri et al 2009	2009	0.9568580	0.5190853	0.4327020	0.3900127	10	10	10	Cover	Sessile	Algae_Concrete	Algae_Rock	Algae	Y	Coralline_Algae	BranchingCorralline	ALL	Corallinales	Corallinales		15x10x3cm	0.015	Y	Tile		sandstonevsconcrete	Sandstone	Rock_sandstone	Rock_Concrete	Rock	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	5m	subtidal	Final	9.000000	40.4302	17.4758	Site 1 Guaceto, Italy	Mediterranean	Rocky subtidal	Exposed	NS	Fig 3A
Guarnieri et al 2009	2009	1.3660000	0.4539218	0.3186420	0.5200155	10	10	10	Cover	Sessile	Algae_Concrete	Algae_Rock	Algae	Y	Coralline_Algae	BranchingCorralline	ALL	Corallinales	Corallinales		15x10x3cm	0.015	Y	Tile		sandstonevsconcrete	Sandstone	Rock_sandstone	Rock_Concrete	Rock	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	5m	subtidal	Final	9.000000	40.4302	17.4758	Site 2 Guaceto, Italy	Mediterranean	Rocky subtidal	Exposed	NS	Fig 3A
Guarnieri et al 2009	2009	3.1686000	2.4050924	2.4418600	3.4451099	10	10	10	Cover	Sessile	Algae_Concrete	Algae_Rock	Algae	Y	Coralline_Algae	BranchingCorralline	ALL	Corallinales	Corallinales		15x10x3cm	0.015	Y	Tile		limestonevsconcrete	Limestone	Rock_limestone	Rock_Concrete	Rock	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	5m	subtidal	NA	3.000000	40.0821	18.303	Site 2 Otranto , Italy	Mediterranean	Rocky subtidal	Exposed	Significant	Fig 3A
Guarnieri et al 2009	2009	3.1686000	2.4050924	2.4418600	3.4451099	10	10	10	Cover	Sessile	Algae_Concrete	Algae_Rock	Algae	Y	Coralline_Algae	BranchingCorralline	ALL	Corallinales	Corallinales		15x10x3cm	0.015	Y	Tile		limestonevsconcrete	Limestone	Rock_limestone	Rock_Concrete	Rock	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	5m	subtidal	Final	9.000000	40.121	17.5506	Site 1 Porto Cesaro, Italy	Mediterranean	Rocky subtidal	Exposed	NS	Fig 3A
Guarnieri et al 2009	2009	5.9302300	5.2001550	2.4418600	3.4451099	10	10	10	Cover	Sessile	Algae_Concrete	Algae_Rock	Algae	Y	Coralline_Algae	BranchingCorralline	ALL	Corallinales	Corallinales		15x10x3cm	0.015	Y	Tile		sandstonevsconcrete	Sandstone	Rock_sandstone	Rock_Concrete	Rock	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	5m	subtidal	NA	3.000000	40.0821	18.303	Site 2 Otranto , Italy	Mediterranean	Rocky subtidal	Exposed	Significant	Fig 3A
Guarnieri et al 2009	2009	5.9302300	5.2001550	2.4418600	3.4451099	10	10	10	Cover	Sessile	Algae_Concrete	Algae_Rock	Algae	Y	Coralline_Algae	BranchingCorralline	ALL	Corallinales	Corallinales		15x10x3cm	0.015	Y	Tile		sandstonevsconcrete	Sandstone	Rock_sandstone	Rock_Concrete	Rock	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	5m	subtidal	Final	9.000000	40.121	17.5506	Site 1 Porto Cesaro, Italy	Mediterranean	Rocky subtidal	Exposed	NS	Fig 3A
Guarnieri et al 2009	2009	0.0000000	0.0000000	2.4108700	2.8023746	10	10	10	Cover	Sessile	Algae_Concrete	Algae_Rock	Algae	Y	Coralline_Algae	EncrustingCoralline	ALL	Corallinales	Corallinales		15x10x3cm	0.015	Y	Tile		granitevsconcrete	Granite	Rock_granite	Rock_Concrete	Rock	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	5m	subtidal	NA	3.000000	40.0821	18.303	Site 1 Otranto , Italy	Mediterranean	Rocky subtidal	Exposed	Significant	Fig 3A
Guarnieri et al 2009	2009	0.2460780	1.0508938	0.5548880	1.0508893	10	10	10	Cover	Sessile	Algae_Concrete	Algae_Rock	Algae	Y	Coralline_Algae	EncrustingCoralline	ALL	Corallinales	Corallinales		15x10x3cm	0.015	Y	Tile		granitevsconcrete	Granite	Rock_granite	Rock_Concrete	Rock	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	5m	subtidal	NA	3.000000	40.0821	18.303	Site 2 Otranto , Italy	Mediterranean	Rocky subtidal	Exposed	Significant	Fig 3A
Guarnieri et al 2009	2009	0.7593750	1.4011985	3.2711000	2.8023969	10	10	10	Cover	Sessile	Algae_Concrete	Algae_Rock	Algae	Y	Coralline_Algae	EncrustingCoralline	ALL	Corallinales	Corallinales		15x10x3cm	0.015	Y	Tile		limestonevsconcrete	Limestone	Rock_limestone	Rock_Concrete	Rock	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	5m	subtidal	NA	3.000000	40.4302	17.4758	Site 2 Guaceto, Italy	Mediterranean	Rocky subtidal	Exposed	Significant	Fig 3A
Guarnieri et al 2009	2009	0.9954020	1.0509028	2.4108700	2.8023746	10	10	10	Cover	Sessile	Algae_Concrete	Algae_Rock	Algae	Y	Coralline_Algae	EncrustingCoralline	ALL	Corallinales	Corallinales		15x10x3cm	0.015	Y	Tile		limestonevsconcrete	Limestone	Rock_limestone	Rock_Concrete	Rock	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	5m	subtidal	NA	3.000000	40.0821	18.303	Site 1 Otranto , Italy	Mediterranean	Rocky subtidal	Exposed	Significant	Fig 3A
Guarnieri et al 2009	2009	1.6462900	1.7514897	0.5548880	1.0508893	10	10	10	Cover	Sessile	Algae_Concrete	Algae_Rock	Algae	Y	Coralline_Algae	EncrustingCoralline	ALL	Corallinales	Corallinales		15x10x3cm	0.015	Y	Tile		limestonevsconcrete	Limestone	Rock_limestone	Rock_Concrete	Rock	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	5m	subtidal	NA	3.000000	40.0821	18.303	Site 2 Otranto , Italy	Mediterranean	Rocky subtidal	Exposed	Significant	Fig 3A
Guarnieri et al 2009	2009	1.8656900	2.1017697	3.2711000	2.8023969	10	10	10	Cover	Sessile	Algae_Concrete	Algae_Rock	Algae	Y	Coralline_Algae	EncrustingCoralline	ALL	Corallinales	Corallinales		15x10x3cm	0.015	Y	Tile		granitevsconcrete	Granite	Rock_granite	Rock_Concrete	Rock	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	5m	subtidal	NA	3.000000	40.4302	17.4758	Site 2 Guaceto, Italy	Mediterranean	Rocky subtidal	Exposed	Significant	Fig 3A
Guarnieri et al 2009	2009	2.6011500	5.2544691	0.5548880	1.0508893	10	10	10	Cover	Sessile	Algae_Concrete	Algae_Rock	Algae	Y	Coralline_Algae	EncrustingCoralline	ALL	Corallinales	Corallinales		15x10x3cm	0.015	Y	Tile		sandstonevsconcrete	Sandstone	Rock_sandstone	Rock_Concrete	Rock	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	5m	subtidal	NA	3.000000	40.0821	18.303	Site 2 Otranto , Italy	Mediterranean	Rocky subtidal	Exposed	Significant	Fig 3A
Guarnieri et al 2009	2009	3.2035200	3.1526770	2.4108700	2.8023746	10	10	10	Cover	Sessile	Algae_Concrete	Algae_Rock	Algae	Y	Coralline_Algae	EncrustingCoralline	ALL	Corallinales	Corallinales		15x10x3cm	0.015	Y	Tile		sandstonevsconcrete	Sandstone	Rock_sandstone	Rock_Concrete	Rock	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	5m	subtidal	NA	3.000000	40.0821	18.303	Site 1 Otranto , Italy	Mediterranean	Rocky subtidal	Exposed	Significant	Fig 3A
Guarnieri et al 2009	2009	3.5937800	2.1017697	3.2711000	2.8023969	10	10	10	Cover	Sessile	Algae_Concrete	Algae_Rock	Algae	Y	Coralline_Algae	EncrustingCoralline	ALL	Corallinales	Corallinales		15x10x3cm	0.015	Y	Tile		sandstonevsconcrete	Sandstone	Rock_sandstone	Rock_Concrete	Rock	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	5m	subtidal	NA	3.000000	40.4302	17.4758	Site 2 Guaceto, Italy	Mediterranean	Rocky subtidal	Exposed	Significant	Fig 3A
Guarnieri et al 2009	2009	4.1815900	2.4520721	6.2233400	1.7514897	10	10	10	Cover	Sessile	Algae_Concrete	Algae_Rock	Algae	Y	Coralline_Algae	EncrustingCoralline	ALL	Corallinales	Corallinales		15x10x3cm	0.015	Y	Tile		limestonevsconcrete	Limestone	Rock_limestone	Rock_Concrete	Rock	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	5m	subtidal	NA	3.000000	40.4302	17.4758	Site 1 Guaceto, Italy	Mediterranean	Rocky subtidal	Exposed	Significant	Fig 3A
Guarnieri et al 2009	2009	5.6057200	1.4011873	6.2233400	1.7514897	10	10	10	Cover	Sessile	Algae_Concrete	Algae_Rock	Algae	Y	Coralline_Algae	EncrustingCoralline	ALL	Corallinales	Corallinales		15x10x3cm	0.015	Y	Tile		sandstonevsconcrete	Sandstone	Rock_sandstone	Rock_Concrete	Rock	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	5m	subtidal	NA	3.000000	40.4302	17.4758	Site 1 Guaceto, Italy	Mediterranean	Rocky subtidal	Exposed	Significant	Fig 3A
Guarnieri et al 2009	2009	6.1363500	2.4520721	8.6477300	3.5029570	10	10	10	Cover	Sessile	Algae_Concrete	Algae_Rock	Algae	Y	Coralline_Algae	EncrustingCoralline	ALL	Corallinales	Corallinales		15x10x3cm	0.015	Y	Tile		limestonevsconcrete	Limestone	Rock_limestone	Rock_Concrete	Rock	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	5m	subtidal	NA	3.000000	40.121	17.5506	Site 2 Porto Cesaro, Italy	Mediterranean	Rocky subtidal	Exposed	Significant	Fig 3A
Guarnieri et al 2009	2009	6.2278500	2.4520721	6.2233400	1.7514897	10	10	10	Cover	Sessile	Algae_Concrete	Algae_Rock	Algae	Y	Coralline_Algae	EncrustingCoralline	ALL	Corallinales	Corallinales		15x10x3cm	0.015	Y	Tile		granitevsconcrete	Granite	Rock_granite	Rock_Concrete	Rock	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	5m	subtidal	NA	3.000000	40.4302	17.4758	Site 1 Guaceto, Italy	Mediterranean	Rocky subtidal	Exposed	Significant	Fig 3A
Guarnieri et al 2009	2009	6.7775400	1.7514897	8.6477300	3.5029570	10	10	10	Cover	Sessile	Algae_Concrete	Algae_Rock	Algae	Y	Coralline_Algae	EncrustingCoralline	ALL	Corallinales	Corallinales		15x10x3cm	0.015	Y	Tile		sandstonevsconcrete	Sandstone	Rock_sandstone	Rock_Concrete	Rock	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	5m	subtidal	NA	3.000000	40.121	17.5506	Site 2 Porto Cesaro, Italy	Mediterranean	Rocky subtidal	Exposed	Significant	Fig 3A
Guarnieri et al 2009	2009	8.0259500	3.8532818	8.6477300	3.5029570	10	10	10	Cover	Sessile	Algae_Concrete	Algae_Rock	Algae	Y	Coralline_Algae	EncrustingCoralline	ALL	Corallinales	Corallinales		15x10x3cm	0.015	Y	Tile		granitevsconcrete	Granite	Rock_granite	Rock_Concrete	Rock	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	5m	subtidal	NA	3.000000	40.121	17.5506	Site 2 Porto Cesaro, Italy	Mediterranean	Rocky subtidal	Exposed	Significant	Fig 3A
Guarnieri et al 2009	2009	13.1527000	2.4520721	11.5806000	3.1526322	10	10	10	Cover	Sessile	Algae_Concrete	Algae_Rock	Algae	Y	Coralline_Algae	EncrustingCoralline	ALL	Corallinales	Corallinales		15x10x3cm	0.015	Y	Tile		granitevsconcrete	Granite	Rock_granite	Rock_Concrete	Rock	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	5m	subtidal	Final	9.000000	40.4302	17.4758	Site 2 Guaceto, Italy	Mediterranean	Rocky subtidal	Exposed	NS	Fig 3A
Guarnieri et al 2009	2009	14.2531000	4.9041443	11.5806000	3.1526322	10	10	10	Cover	Sessile	Algae_Concrete	Algae_Rock	Algae	Y	Coralline_Algae	EncrustingCoralline	ALL	Corallinales	Corallinales		15x10x3cm	0.015	Y	Tile		sandstonevsconcrete	Sandstone	Rock_sandstone	Rock_Concrete	Rock	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	5m	subtidal	Final	9.000000	40.4302	17.4758	Site 2 Guaceto, Italy	Mediterranean	Rocky subtidal	Exposed	NS	Fig 3A
Guarnieri et al 2009	2009	14.6992000	2.4520721	15.9434000	4.2035842	10	10	10	Cover	Sessile	Algae_Concrete	Algae_Rock	Algae	Y	Coralline_Algae	EncrustingCoralline	ALL	Corallinales	Corallinales		15x10x3cm	0.015	Y	Tile		sandstonevsconcrete	Sandstone	Rock_sandstone	Rock_Concrete	Rock	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	5m	subtidal	Final	9.000000	40.4302	17.4758	Site 1 Guaceto, Italy	Mediterranean	Rocky subtidal	Exposed	NS	Fig 3A
Guarnieri et al 2009	2009	15.1553000	4.5537524	15.9434000	4.2035842	10	10	10	Cover	Sessile	Algae_Concrete	Algae_Rock	Algae	Y	Coralline_Algae	EncrustingCoralline	ALL	Corallinales	Corallinales		15x10x3cm	0.015	Y	Tile		limestonevsconcrete	Limestone	Rock_limestone	Rock_Concrete	Rock	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	5m	subtidal	Final	9.000000	40.4302	17.4758	Site 1 Guaceto, Italy	Mediterranean	Rocky subtidal	Exposed	NS	Fig 3A
Guarnieri et al 2009	2009	15.8249000	5.9550962	20.9994000	5.9550962	10	10	10	Cover	Sessile	Algae_Concrete	Algae_Rock	Algae	Y	Coralline_Algae	EncrustingCoralline	ALL	Corallinales	Corallinales		15x10x3cm	0.015	Y	Tile		limestonevsconcrete	Limestone	Rock_limestone	Rock_Concrete	Rock	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	5m	subtidal	NA	3.000000	40.121	17.5506	Site 1 Porto Cesaro, Italy	Mediterranean	Rocky subtidal	Exposed	Significant	Fig 3A
Guarnieri et al 2009	2009	17.2150000	3.8534159	11.5806000	3.1526322	10	10	10	Cover	Sessile	Algae_Concrete	Algae_Rock	Algae	Y	Coralline_Algae	EncrustingCoralline	ALL	Corallinales	Corallinales		15x10x3cm	0.015	Y	Tile		limestonevsconcrete	Limestone	Rock_limestone	Rock_Concrete	Rock	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	5m	subtidal	Final	9.000000	40.4302	17.4758	Site 2 Guaceto, Italy	Mediterranean	Rocky subtidal	Exposed	NS	Fig 3A
Guarnieri et al 2009	2009	18.2066000	3.5030241	20.0910000	3.8534159	10	10	10	Cover	Sessile	Algae_Concrete	Algae_Rock	Algae	Y	Coralline_Algae	EncrustingCoralline	ALL	Corallinales	Corallinales		15x10x3cm	0.015	Y	Tile		limestonevsconcrete	Limestone	Rock_limestone	Rock_Concrete	Rock	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	5m	subtidal	Final	9.000000	40.121	17.5506	Site 2 Porto Cesaro, Italy	Mediterranean	Rocky subtidal	Exposed	NS	Fig 3A
Guarnieri et al 2009	2009	19.1220000	5.2543125	24.1402000	10.1586804	10	10	10	Cover	Sessile	Algae_Concrete	Algae_Rock	Algae	Y	Coralline_Algae	EncrustingCoralline	ALL	Corallinales	Corallinales		15x10x3cm	0.015	Y	Tile		limestonevsconcrete	Limestone	Rock_limestone	Rock_Concrete	Rock	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	5m	subtidal	Final	9.000000	40.121	17.5506	Site 1 Porto Cesaro, Italy	Mediterranean	Rocky subtidal	Exposed	NS	Fig 3A
Guarnieri et al 2009	2009	20.2955000	8.4071684	29.2302000	10.1586804	10	10	10	Cover	Sessile	Algae_Concrete	Algae_Rock	Algae	Y	Coralline_Algae	EncrustingCoralline	ALL	Corallinales	Corallinales		15x10x3cm	0.015	Y	Tile		limestonevsconcrete	Limestone	Rock_limestone	Rock_Concrete	Rock	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	5m	subtidal	Final	9.000000	40.0821	18.303	Site 2 Otranto , Italy	Mediterranean	Rocky subtidal	Exposed	NS	Fig 3A
Guarnieri et al 2009	2009	20.6965000	6.6556563	20.9994000	5.9550962	10	10	10	Cover	Sessile	Algae_Concrete	Algae_Rock	Algae	Y	Coralline_Algae	EncrustingCoralline	ALL	Corallinales	Corallinales		15x10x3cm	0.015	Y	Tile		sandstonevsconcrete	Sandstone	Rock_sandstone	Rock_Concrete	Rock	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	5m	subtidal	NA	3.000000	40.121	17.5506	Site 1 Porto Cesaro, Italy	Mediterranean	Rocky subtidal	Exposed	Significant	Fig 3A
Guarnieri et al 2009	2009	21.1176000	4.9041443	15.9434000	4.2035842	10	10	10	Cover	Sessile	Algae_Concrete	Algae_Rock	Algae	Y	Coralline_Algae	EncrustingCoralline	ALL	Corallinales	Corallinales		15x10x3cm	0.015	Y	Tile		granitevsconcrete	Granite	Rock_granite	Rock_Concrete	Rock	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	5m	subtidal	Final	9.000000	40.4302	17.4758	Site 1 Guaceto, Italy	Mediterranean	Rocky subtidal	Exposed	NS	Fig 3A
Guarnieri et al 2009	2009	24.1881000	7.0067190	27.7960000	3.8534159	10	10	10	Cover	Sessile	Algae_Concrete	Algae_Rock	Algae	Y	Coralline_Algae	EncrustingCoralline	ALL	Corallinales	Corallinales		15x10x3cm	0.015	Y	Tile		limestonevsconcrete	Limestone	Rock_limestone	Rock_Concrete	Rock	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	5m	subtidal	Final	9.000000	40.0821	18.303	Site 1 Otranto , Italy	Mediterranean	Rocky subtidal	Exposed	NS	Fig 3A
Guarnieri et al 2009	2009	27.1507000	8.0567765	20.0910000	3.8534159	10	10	10	Cover	Sessile	Algae_Concrete	Algae_Rock	Algae	Y	Coralline_Algae	EncrustingCoralline	ALL	Corallinales	Corallinales		15x10x3cm	0.015	Y	Tile		sandstonevsconcrete	Sandstone	Rock_sandstone	Rock_Concrete	Rock	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	5m	subtidal	Final	9.000000	40.121	17.5506	Site 2 Porto Cesaro, Italy	Mediterranean	Rocky subtidal	Exposed	NS	Fig 3A
Guarnieri et al 2009	2009	28.1381000	8.4071684	29.2302000	10.1586804	10	10	10	Cover	Sessile	Algae_Concrete	Algae_Rock	Algae	Y	Coralline_Algae	EncrustingCoralline	ALL	Corallinales	Corallinales		15x10x3cm	0.015	Y	Tile		granitevsconcrete	Granite	Rock_granite	Rock_Concrete	Rock	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	5m	subtidal	Final	9.000000	40.0821	18.303	Site 2 Otranto , Italy	Mediterranean	Rocky subtidal	Exposed	NS	Fig 3A
Guarnieri et al 2009	2009	28.9027000	5.9550962	27.7960000	3.8534159	10	10	10	Cover	Sessile	Algae_Concrete	Algae_Rock	Algae	Y	Coralline_Algae	EncrustingCoralline	ALL	Corallinales	Corallinales		15x10x3cm	0.015	Y	Tile		sandstonevsconcrete	Sandstone	Rock_sandstone	Rock_Concrete	Rock	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	5m	subtidal	Final	9.000000	40.0821	18.303	Site 1 Otranto , Italy	Mediterranean	Rocky subtidal	Exposed	NS	Fig 3A
Guarnieri et al 2009	2009	29.1626000	8.0570001	24.1402000	10.1586804	10	10	10	Cover	Sessile	Algae_Concrete	Algae_Rock	Algae	Y	Coralline_Algae	EncrustingCoralline	ALL	Corallinales	Corallinales		15x10x3cm	0.015	Y	Tile		sandstonevsconcrete	Sandstone	Rock_sandstone	Rock_Concrete	Rock	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	5m	subtidal	Final	9.000000	40.121	17.5506	Site 1 Porto Cesaro, Italy	Mediterranean	Rocky subtidal	Exposed	NS	Fig 3A
Guarnieri et al 2009	2009	29.4954000	9.8082886	20.0910000	3.8534159	10	10	10	Cover	Sessile	Algae_Concrete	Algae_Rock	Algae	Y	Coralline_Algae	EncrustingCoralline	ALL	Corallinales	Corallinales		15x10x3cm	0.015	Y	Tile		granitevsconcrete	Granite	Rock_granite	Rock_Concrete	Rock	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	5m	subtidal	Final	9.000000	40.121	17.5506	Site 2 Porto Cesaro, Italy	Mediterranean	Rocky subtidal	Exposed	NS	Fig 3A
Guarnieri et al 2009	2009	35.0363000	15.4129930	29.2302000	10.1586804	10	10	10	Cover	Sessile	Algae_Concrete	Algae_Rock	Algae	Y	Coralline_Algae	EncrustingCoralline	ALL	Corallinales	Corallinales		15x10x3cm	0.015	Y	Tile		sandstonevsconcrete	Sandstone	Rock_sandstone	Rock_Concrete	Rock	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	5m	subtidal	Final	9.000000	40.0821	18.303	Site 2 Otranto , Italy	Mediterranean	Rocky subtidal	Exposed	NS	Fig 3A
Guarnieri et al 2009	2009	35.7305000	10.8592405	20.9994000	5.9550962	10	10	10	Cover	Sessile	Algae_Concrete	Algae_Rock	Algae	Y	Coralline_Algae	EncrustingCoralline	ALL	Corallinales	Corallinales		15x10x3cm	0.015	Y	Tile		granitevsconcrete	Granite	Rock_granite	Rock_Concrete	Rock	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	5m	subtidal	NA	3.000000	40.121	17.5506	Site 1 Porto Cesaro, Italy	Mediterranean	Rocky subtidal	Exposed	Significant	Fig 3A
Guarnieri et al 2009	2009	41.2738000	7.3562164	27.7960000	3.8534159	10	10	10	Cover	Sessile	Algae_Concrete	Algae_Rock	Algae	Y	Coralline_Algae	EncrustingCoralline	ALL	Corallinales	Corallinales		15x10x3cm	0.015	Y	Tile		granitevsconcrete	Granite	Rock_granite	Rock_Concrete	Rock	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	5m	subtidal	Final	9.000000	40.0821	18.303	Site 1 Otranto , Italy	Mediterranean	Rocky subtidal	Exposed	NS	Fig 3A
Guarnieri et al 2009	2009	44.8236000	20.3171372	24.1402000	10.1586804	10	10	10	Cover	Sessile	Algae_Concrete	Algae_Rock	Algae	Y	Coralline_Algae	EncrustingCoralline	ALL	Corallinales	Corallinales		15x10x3cm	0.015	Y	Tile		granitevsconcrete	Granite	Rock_granite	Rock_Concrete	Rock	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	5m	subtidal	Final	9.000000	40.121	17.5506	Site 1 Porto Cesaro, Italy	Mediterranean	Rocky subtidal	Exposed	NS	Fig 3A
Guarnieri et al 2009	2009	0.0784740	0.0000000	0.3380670	0.2172698	10	10	10	Cover	Sessile	Invert_Concrete	Invert_Rock	Invert	N		Invertebrates	ALL				15x10x3cm	0.015	Y	Tile		limestonevsconcrete	Limestone	Rock_limestone	Rock_Concrete	Rock	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	5m	subtidal	NA	3.000000	40.4302	17.4758	Site 2 Guaceto, Italy	Mediterranean	Rocky subtidal	Exposed	Significant	Fig 3A
Guarnieri et al 2009	2009	0.2094790	0.0000000	0.3380670	0.2172698	10	10	10	Cover	Sessile	Invert_Concrete	Invert_Rock	Invert	N		Invertebrates	ALL				15x10x3cm	0.015	Y	Tile		sandstonevsconcrete	Sandstone	Rock_sandstone	Rock_Concrete	Rock	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	5m	subtidal	NA	3.000000	40.4302	17.4758	Site 2 Guaceto, Italy	Mediterranean	Rocky subtidal	Exposed	Significant	Fig 3A
Guarnieri et al 2009	2009	0.2439090	0.4345396	0.2120030	0.2172698	5	5	5	Cover	Sessile	Invert_Concrete	Invert_Rock	Invert	N		Invertebrates	ALL				15x10x3cm	0.0126	Y	Tile		limestonevsconcrete	Limestone	Rock_limestone	Rock_Concrete	Rock	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	5m	subtidal	Final	9.000000	40.121	17.5506	Site 1 Porto Cesaro, Italy	Mediterranean	Rocky subtidal	Exposed	NS	Fig 3A	Grazers in background substrate (sea urchins) - removed. 9cm x 14cm of each tile considered for counts.
Guarnieri et al 2009	2009	0.2912290	0.2172698	0.6141490	0.2896938	5	5	5	Cover	Sessile	Invert_Concrete	Invert_Rock	Invert	N		Invertebrates	ALL				15x10x3cm	0.0126	Y	Tile		sandstonevsconcrete	Sandstone	Rock_sandstone	Rock_Concrete	Rock	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	5m	subtidal	Final	9.000000	40.4302	17.4758	Site 2 Guaceto, Italy	Mediterranean	Rocky subtidal	Exposed	NS	Fig 3A	Grazers in background substrate (sea urchins) - removed. 9cm x 14cm of each tile considered for counts.
Guarnieri et al 2009	2009	0.3251760	0.2172698	1.0371400	1.3760315	10	10	10	Cover	Sessile	Invert_Concrete	Invert_Rock	Invert	N		Invertebrates	ALL				15x10x3cm	0.015	Y	Tile		granitevsconcrete	Granite	Rock_granite	Rock_Concrete	Rock	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	5m	subtidal	NA	3.000000	40.121	17.5506	Site 1 Porto Cesaro, Italy	Mediterranean	Rocky subtidal	Exposed	Significant	Fig 3A
Guarnieri et al 2009	2009	0.4068730	0.2896916	0.2120030	0.2172698	5	5	5	Cover	Sessile	Invert_Concrete	Invert_Rock	Invert	N		Invertebrates	ALL				15x10x3cm	0.0126	Y	Tile		granitevsconcrete	Granite	Rock_granite	Rock_Concrete	Rock	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	5m	subtidal	Final	9.000000	40.121	17.5506	Site 1 Porto Cesaro, Italy	Mediterranean	Rocky subtidal	Exposed	NS	Fig 3A	Grazers in background substrate (sea urchins) - removed. 9cm x 14cm of each tile considered for counts.
Guarnieri et al 2009	2009	0.4073020	0.2896938	0.2120030	0.2172698	5	5	5	Cover	Sessile	Invert_Concrete	Invert_Rock	Invert	N		Invertebrates	ALL				15x10x3cm	0.0126	Y	Tile		sandstonevsconcrete	Sandstone	Rock_sandstone	Rock_Concrete	Rock	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	5m	subtidal	Final	9.000000	40.121	17.5506	Site 1 Porto Cesaro, Italy	Mediterranean	Rocky subtidal	Exposed	NS	Fig 3A	Grazers in background substrate (sea urchins) - removed. 9cm x 14cm of each tile considered for counts.
Guarnieri et al 2009	2009	0.4731540	0.3621156	0.5059720	0.4345396	5	5	5	Cover	Sessile	Invert_Concrete	Invert_Rock	Invert	N		Invertebrates	ALL				15x10x3cm	0.0126	Y	Tile		limestonevsconcrete	Limestone	Rock_limestone	Rock_Concrete	Rock	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	5m	subtidal	Final	9.000000	40.121	17.5506	Site 2 Porto Cesaro, Italy	Mediterranean	Rocky subtidal	Exposed	NS	Fig 3A	Grazers in background substrate (sea urchins) - removed. 9cm x 14cm of each tile considered for counts.
Guarnieri et al 2009	2009	0.4860450	0.2896916	1.0371400	1.3760315	10	10	10	Cover	Sessile	Invert_Concrete	Invert_Rock	Invert	N		Invertebrates	ALL				15x10x3cm	0.015	Y	Tile		limestonevsconcrete	Limestone	Rock_limestone	Rock_Concrete	Rock	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	5m	subtidal	NA	3.000000	40.121	17.5506	Site 1 Porto Cesaro, Italy	Mediterranean	Rocky subtidal	Exposed	Significant	Fig 3A
Guarnieri et al 2009	2009	0.5328820	0.2896938	0.3380670	0.2172698	10	10	10	Cover	Sessile	Invert_Concrete	Invert_Rock	Invert	N		Invertebrates	ALL				15x10x3cm	0.015	Y	Tile		granitevsconcrete	Granite	Rock_granite	Rock_Concrete	Rock	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	5m	subtidal	NA	3.000000	40.4302	17.4758	Site 2 Guaceto, Italy	Mediterranean	Rocky subtidal	Exposed	Significant	Fig 3A
Guarnieri et al 2009	2009	0.6435300	0.6518093	0.4820700	0.3621156	5	5	5	Cover	Sessile	Invert_Concrete	Invert_Rock	Invert	N		Invertebrates	ALL				15x10x3cm	0.0126	Y	Tile		limestonevsconcrete	Limestone	Rock_limestone	Rock_Concrete	Rock	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	5m	subtidal	Final	9.000000	40.4302	17.4758	Site 1 Guaceto, Italy	Mediterranean	Rocky subtidal	Exposed	NS	Fig 3A	Grazers in background substrate (sea urchins) - removed. 9cm x 14cm of each tile considered for counts.
Guarnieri et al 2009	2009	0.6494920	0.4345396	1.0371400	1.3760315	10	10	10	Cover	Sessile	Invert_Concrete	Invert_Rock	Invert	N		Invertebrates	ALL				15x10x3cm	0.015	Y	Tile		sandstonevsconcrete	Sandstone	Rock_sandstone	Rock_Concrete	Rock	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	5m	subtidal	NA	3.000000	40.121	17.5506	Site 1 Porto Cesaro, Italy	Mediterranean	Rocky subtidal	Exposed	Significant	Fig 3A
Guarnieri et al 2009	2009	0.7745890	0.2896916	0.4820700	0.3621156	5	5	5	Cover	Sessile	Invert_Concrete	Invert_Rock	Invert	N		Invertebrates	ALL				15x10x3cm	0.0126	Y	Tile		sandstonevsconcrete	Sandstone	Rock_sandstone	Rock_Concrete	Rock	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	5m	subtidal	Final	9.000000	40.4302	17.4758	Site 1 Guaceto, Italy	Mediterranean	Rocky subtidal	Exposed	NS	Fig 3A	Grazers in background substrate (sea urchins) - removed. 9cm x 14cm of each tile considered for counts.
Guarnieri et al 2009	2009	0.8179350	0.4345463	3.4742900	1.2312014	10	10	10	Cover	Sessile	Invert_Concrete	Invert_Rock	Invert	N		Invertebrates	ALL				15x10x3cm	0.015	Y	Tile		limestonevsconcrete	Limestone	Rock_limestone	Rock_Concrete	Rock	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	5m	subtidal	NA	3.000000	40.0821	18.303	Site 2 Otranto , Italy	Mediterranean	Rocky subtidal	Exposed	Significant	Fig 3A
Guarnieri et al 2009	2009	0.8872240	0.4345485	0.4975390	0.2172698	10	10	10	Cover	Sessile	Invert_Concrete	Invert_Rock	Invert	N		Invertebrates	ALL				15x10x3cm	0.015	Y	Tile		sandstonevsconcrete	Sandstone	Rock_sandstone	Rock_Concrete	Rock	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	5m	subtidal	NA	3.000000	40.4302	17.4758	Site 1 Guaceto, Italy	Mediterranean	Rocky subtidal	Exposed	Significant	Fig 3A
Guarnieri et al 2009	2009	0.8956570	0.5069680	0.5059720	0.4345396	5	5	5	Cover	Sessile	Invert_Concrete	Invert_Rock	Invert	N		Invertebrates	ALL				15x10x3cm	0.0126	Y	Tile		sandstonevsconcrete	Sandstone	Rock_sandstone	Rock_Concrete	Rock	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	5m	subtidal	Final	9.000000	40.121	17.5506	Site 2 Porto Cesaro, Italy	Mediterranean	Rocky subtidal	Exposed	NS	Fig 3A	Grazers in background substrate (sea urchins) - removed. 9cm x 14cm of each tile considered for counts.
Guarnieri et al 2009	2009	1.0067900	0.5069613	1.4283200	0.5069613	10	10	10	Cover	Sessile	Invert_Concrete	Invert_Rock	Invert	N		Invertebrates	ALL				15x10x3cm	0.015	Y	Tile		limestonevsconcrete	Limestone	Rock_limestone	Rock_Concrete	Rock	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	5m	subtidal	NA	3.000000	40.121	17.5506	Site 2 Porto Cesaro, Italy	Mediterranean	Rocky subtidal	Exposed	Significant	Fig 3A
Guarnieri et al 2009	2009	1.0077500	0.8690925	1.4283200	0.5069613	10	10	10	Cover	Sessile	Invert_Concrete	Invert_Rock	Invert	N		Invertebrates	ALL				15x10x3cm	0.015	Y	Tile		granitevsconcrete	Granite	Rock_granite	Rock_Concrete	Rock	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	5m	subtidal	NA	3.000000	40.121	17.5506	Site 2 Porto Cesaro, Italy	Mediterranean	Rocky subtidal	Exposed	Significant	Fig 3A
Guarnieri et al 2009	2009	1.1124400	0.5793876	0.4975390	0.2172698	10	10	10	Cover	Sessile	Invert_Concrete	Invert_Rock	Invert	N		Invertebrates	ALL				15x10x3cm	0.015	Y	Tile		limestonevsconcrete	Limestone	Rock_limestone	Rock_Concrete	Rock	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	5m	subtidal	NA	3.000000	40.4302	17.4758	Site 1 Guaceto, Italy	Mediterranean	Rocky subtidal	Exposed	Significant	Fig 3A
Guarnieri et al 2009	2009	1.2534400	0.7242177	1.7721900	0.7242401	5	5	5	Cover	Sessile	Invert_Concrete	Invert_Rock	Invert	N		Invertebrates	ALL				15x10x3cm	0.0126	Y	Tile		limestonevsconcrete	Limestone	Rock_limestone	Rock_Concrete	Rock	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	5m	subtidal	Final	9.000000	40.0821	18.303	Site 1 Otranto , Italy	Mediterranean	Rocky subtidal	Exposed	NS	Fig 3A	Grazers in background substrate (sea urchins) - removed. 9cm x 14cm of each tile considered for counts.
Guarnieri et al 2009	2009	1.2689100	0.7242177	1.7552200	1.0863489	10	10	10	Cover	Sessile	Invert_Concrete	Invert_Rock	Invert	N		Invertebrates	ALL				15x10x3cm	0.015	Y	Tile		limestonevsconcrete	Limestone	Rock_limestone	Rock_Concrete	Rock	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	5m	subtidal	NA	3.000000	40.0821	18.303	Site 1 Otranto , Italy	Mediterranean	Rocky subtidal	Exposed	Significant	Fig 3A
Guarnieri et al 2009	2009	1.4457800	0.9414964	0.5059720	0.4345396	5	5	5	Cover	Sessile	Invert_Concrete	Invert_Rock	Invert	N		Invertebrates	ALL				15x10x3cm	0.0126	Y	Tile		granitevsconcrete	Granite	Rock_granite	Rock_Concrete	Rock	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	5m	subtidal	Final	9.000000	40.121	17.5506	Site 2 Porto Cesaro, Italy	Mediterranean	Rocky subtidal	Exposed	NS	Fig 3A	Grazers in background substrate (sea urchins) - removed. 9cm x 14cm of each tile considered for counts.
Guarnieri et al 2009	2009	1.4557200	0.8690702	0.6141490	0.2896938	5	5	5	Cover	Sessile	Invert_Concrete	Invert_Rock	Invert	N		Invertebrates	ALL				15x10x3cm	0.0126	Y	Tile		limestonevsconcrete	Limestone	Rock_limestone	Rock_Concrete	Rock	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	5m	subtidal	Final	9.000000	40.4302	17.4758	Site 2 Guaceto, Italy	Mediterranean	Rocky subtidal	Exposed	NS	Fig 3A	Grazers in background substrate (sea urchins) - removed. 9cm x 14cm of each tile considered for counts.
Guarnieri et al 2009	2009	1.5265100	0.9414964	1.4283200	0.5069613	10	10	10	Cover	Sessile	Invert_Concrete	Invert_Rock	Invert	N		Invertebrates	ALL				15x10x3cm	0.015	Y	Tile		sandstonevsconcrete	Sandstone	Rock_sandstone	Rock_Concrete	Rock	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	5m	subtidal	NA	3.000000	40.121	17.5506	Site 2 Porto Cesaro, Italy	Mediterranean	Rocky subtidal	Exposed	Significant	Fig 3A
Guarnieri et al 2009	2009	1.6316300	0.5069613	0.4975390	0.2172698	10	10	10	Cover	Sessile	Invert_Concrete	Invert_Rock	Invert	N		Invertebrates	ALL				15x10x3cm	0.015	Y	Tile		granitevsconcrete	Granite	Rock_granite	Rock_Concrete	Rock	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	5m	subtidal	NA	3.000000	40.4302	17.4758	Site 1 Guaceto, Italy	Mediterranean	Rocky subtidal	Exposed	Significant	Fig 3A
Guarnieri et al 2009	2009	1.8428800	0.8690702	0.4820700	0.3621156	5	5	5	Cover	Sessile	Invert_Concrete	Invert_Rock	Invert	N		Invertebrates	ALL				15x10x3cm	0.0126	Y	Tile		granitevsconcrete	Granite	Rock_granite	Rock_Concrete	Rock	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	5m	subtidal	Final	9.000000	40.4302	17.4758	Site 1 Guaceto, Italy	Mediterranean	Rocky subtidal	Exposed	NS	Fig 3A	Grazers in background substrate (sea urchins) - removed. 9cm x 14cm of each tile considered for counts.
Guarnieri et al 2009	2009	1.9425700	1.0139227	0.6141490	0.2896938	5	5	5	Cover	Sessile	Invert_Concrete	Invert_Rock	Invert	N		Invertebrates	ALL				15x10x3cm	0.0126	Y	Tile		granitevsconcrete	Granite	Rock_granite	Rock_Concrete	Rock	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	5m	subtidal	Final	9.000000	40.4302	17.4758	Site 2 Guaceto, Italy	Mediterranean	Rocky subtidal	Exposed	NS	Fig 3A	Grazers in background substrate (sea urchins) - removed. 9cm x 14cm of each tile considered for counts.
Guarnieri et al 2009	2009	2.0323200	0.9414964	1.7721900	0.7242401	5	5	5	Cover	Sessile	Invert_Concrete	Invert_Rock	Invert	N		Invertebrates	ALL				15x10x3cm	0.0126	Y	Tile		sandstonevsconcrete	Sandstone	Rock_sandstone	Rock_Concrete	Rock	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	5m	subtidal	Final	9.000000	40.0821	18.303	Site 1 Otranto , Italy	Mediterranean	Rocky subtidal	Exposed	NS	Fig 3A	Grazers in background substrate (sea urchins) - removed. 9cm x 14cm of each tile considered for counts.
Guarnieri et al 2009	2009	2.1767500	0.7242401	1.7552200	1.0863489	10	10	10	Cover	Sessile	Invert_Concrete	Invert_Rock	Invert	N		Invertebrates	ALL				15x10x3cm	0.015	Y	Tile		granitevsconcrete	Granite	Rock_granite	Rock_Concrete	Rock	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	5m	subtidal	NA	3.000000	40.0821	18.303	Site 1 Otranto , Italy	Mediterranean	Rocky subtidal	Exposed	Significant	Fig 3A
Guarnieri et al 2009	2009	2.7622700	0.9415188	3.4742900	1.2312014	10	10	10	Cover	Sessile	Invert_Concrete	Invert_Rock	Invert	N		Invertebrates	ALL				15x10x3cm	0.015	Y	Tile		granitevsconcrete	Granite	Rock_granite	Rock_Concrete	Rock	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	5m	subtidal	NA	3.000000	40.0821	18.303	Site 2 Otranto , Italy	Mediterranean	Rocky subtidal	Exposed	Significant	Fig 3A
Guarnieri et al 2009	2009	3.2162000	0.8690702	3.4742900	1.2312014	10	10	10	Cover	Sessile	Invert_Concrete	Invert_Rock	Invert	N		Invertebrates	ALL				15x10x3cm	0.015	Y	Tile		sandstonevsconcrete	Sandstone	Rock_sandstone	Rock_Concrete	Rock	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	5m	subtidal	NA	3.000000	40.0821	18.303	Site 2 Otranto , Italy	Mediterranean	Rocky subtidal	Exposed	Significant	Fig 3A
Guarnieri et al 2009	2009	3.4907800	1.8829928	3.0701600	1.2311790	5	5	5	Cover	Sessile	Invert_Concrete	Invert_Rock	Invert	N		Invertebrates	ALL				15x10x3cm	0.0126	Y	Tile		limestonevsconcrete	Limestone	Rock_limestone	Rock_Concrete	Rock	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	5m	subtidal	Final	9.000000	40.0821	18.303	Site 2 Otranto , Italy	Mediterranean	Rocky subtidal	Exposed	NS	Fig 3A	Grazers in background substrate (sea urchins) - removed. 9cm x 14cm of each tile considered for counts.
Guarnieri et al 2009	2009	3.5864400	1.3760315	1.7721900	0.7242401	5	5	5	Cover	Sessile	Invert_Concrete	Invert_Rock	Invert	N		Invertebrates	ALL				15x10x3cm	0.0126	Y	Tile		granitevsconcrete	Granite	Rock_granite	Rock_Concrete	Rock	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	5m	subtidal	Final	9.000000	40.0821	18.303	Site 1 Otranto , Italy	Mediterranean	Rocky subtidal	Exposed	NS	Fig 3A	Grazers in background substrate (sea urchins) - removed. 9cm x 14cm of each tile considered for counts.
Guarnieri et al 2009	2009	3.7190000	1.2312014	3.0701600	1.2311790	5	5	5	Cover	Sessile	Invert_Concrete	Invert_Rock	Invert	N		Invertebrates	ALL				15x10x3cm	0.0126	Y	Tile		sandstonevsconcrete	Sandstone	Rock_sandstone	Rock_Concrete	Rock	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	5m	subtidal	Final	9.000000	40.0821	18.303	Site 2 Otranto , Italy	Mediterranean	Rocky subtidal	Exposed	NS	Fig 3A	Grazers in background substrate (sea urchins) - removed. 9cm x 14cm of each tile considered for counts.
Guarnieri et al 2009	2009	3.7642800	1.3036276	1.7552200	1.0863489	10	10	10	Cover	Sessile	Invert_Concrete	Invert_Rock	Invert	N		Invertebrates	ALL				15x10x3cm	0.015	Y	Tile		sandstonevsconcrete	Sandstone	Rock_sandstone	Rock_Concrete	Rock	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	5m	subtidal	NA	3.000000	40.0821	18.303	Site 1 Otranto , Italy	Mediterranean	Rocky subtidal	Exposed	Significant	Fig 3A
Guarnieri et al 2009	2009	5.8237300	2.3899542	3.0701600	1.2311790	5	5	5	Cover	Sessile	Invert_Concrete	Invert_Rock	Invert	N		Invertebrates	ALL				15x10x3cm	0.0126	Y	Tile		granitevsconcrete	Granite	Rock_granite	Rock_Concrete	Rock	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	5m	subtidal	Final	9.000000	40.0821	18.303	Site 2 Otranto , Italy	Mediterranean	Rocky subtidal	Exposed	NS	Fig 3A	Grazers in background substrate (sea urchins) - removed. 9cm x 14cm of each tile considered for counts.
Hanson1976	1976	0.2000000	NA	2.9000000	NA	9	3	3	Density	Sessile	Invert_Concrete	Invert_Wood	Invert	Y	Barnacles	Barnacles	Balanus	Thoracica	Thoracica		10x10cm	0.0001	Y	Tile		WoodvsConcrete	Wood_pine	Wood_pine	Wood_Concrete	Wood	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	1m	subtidal	NA	1.930000	48.42	-122.58	USA	Puget sound	tiles	sheltered	Significant	Table 2
Hanson1976	1976	0.2000000	NA	0.2000000	NA	9	9	3	Density	Sessile	Invert_Metal	Invert_Wood	Invert	Y	Barnacles	Barnacles	Balanus	Thoracica	Thoracica		10x10cm	0.0001	Y	Tile		WoodvsSteel	Wood_pine	Wood_pine	Wood_Metal	Wood	Steel	Metal_steel	Metal_steel	Metal	1m	subtidal	NA	1.930000	48.42	-122.58	USA	Puget sound	tiles	sheltered	Significant	Table 2
Hanson1976	1976	0.2000000	NA	0.1000000	NA	9	9	3	Density	Sessile	Invert_Polymer	Invert_Wood	Invert	Y	Barnacles	Barnacles	Balanus	Thoracica	Thoracica		10x10cm	0.0001	Y	Tile		WoodvsPersplexs	Wood_pine	Wood_pine	Wood_Polymer	Wood	Perspex	Polymer_mix	Polymer_mix	Polymer	1m	subtidal	NA	1.930000	48.42	-122.58	USA	Puget sound	tiles	sheltered	Significant	Table 2
Hanson1976	1976	0.2000000	NA	0.0000000	NA	9	3	3	Density	Sessile	Invert_Metal	Invert_Wood	Invert	Y	Barnacles	Barnacles	Balanus	Thoracica	Thoracica		10x10cm	0.0001	Y	Tile		WoodvsMetal	Wood_pine	Wood_pine	Wood_Metal	Wood	Metal_nickel	Metal_nickel	Metal_nickel	Metal	1m	subtidal	NA	1.930000	48.42	-122.58	USA	Puget sound	tiles	sheltered	Significant	Table 2
Hanson1976	1976	0.4000000	NA	4.9000000	NA	9	3	3	Density	Sessile	Invert_Concrete	Invert_Wood	Invert	Y	Barnacles	Barnacles	Balanus	Thoracica	Thoracica		10x10cm	0.0001	Y	Tile		WoodvsConcrete	Wood_pine	Wood_pine	Wood_Concrete	Wood	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	1m	subtidal	NA	2.530000	48.42	-122.58	USA	Puget sound	tiles	sheltered	Significant	Table 2
Hanson1976	1976	0.4000000	NA	0.8000000	NA	9	9	3	Density	Sessile	Invert_Polymer	Invert_Wood	Invert	Y	Barnacles	Barnacles	Balanus	Thoracica	Thoracica		10x10cm	0.0001	Y	Tile		WoodvsPersplexs	Wood_pine	Wood_pine	Wood_Polymer	Wood	Perspex	Polymer_mix	Polymer_mix	Polymer	1m	subtidal	NA	2.530000	48.42	-122.58	USA	Puget sound	tiles	sheltered	Significant	Table 2
Hanson1976	1976	0.4000000	NA	0.3000000	NA	9	9	3	Density	Sessile	Invert_Metal	Invert_Wood	Invert	Y	Barnacles	Barnacles	Balanus	Thoracica	Thoracica		10x10cm	0.0001	Y	Tile		WoodvsSteel	Wood_pine	Wood_pine	Wood_Metal	Wood	Steel	Metal_steel	Metal_steel	Metal	1m	subtidal	NA	2.530000	48.42	-122.58	USA	Puget sound	tiles	sheltered	Significant	Table 2
Hanson1976	1976	0.4000000	NA	0.0000000	NA	9	3	3	Density	Sessile	Invert_Metal	Invert_Wood	Invert	Y	Barnacles	Barnacles	Balanus	Thoracica	Thoracica		10x10cm	0.0001	Y	Tile		WoodvsMetal	Wood_pine	Wood_pine	Wood_Metal	Wood	Metal_nickel	Metal_nickel	Metal_nickel	Metal	1m	subtidal	NA	2.530000	48.42	-122.58	USA	Puget sound	tiles	sheltered	Significant	Table 2
Hanson1976	1976	0.9000000	NA	2.1000000	NA	9	3	3	Density	Sessile	Invert_Concrete	Invert_Wood	Invert	Y	Barnacles	Barnacles	Balanus	Thoracica	Thoracica		10x10cm	0.0001	Y	Tile		WoodvsConcrete	Wood_pine	Wood_pine	Wood_Concrete	Wood	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	1m	subtidal	Final	3.360000	48.42	-122.58	USA	Puget sound	tiles	sheltered	NS	Table 2
Hanson1976	1976	0.9000000	NA	0.2000000	NA	9	9	3	Density	Sessile	Invert_Polymer	Invert_Wood	Invert	Y	Barnacles	Barnacles	Balanus	Thoracica	Thoracica		10x10cm	0.0001	Y	Tile		WoodvsPersplexs	Wood_pine	Wood_pine	Wood_Polymer	Wood	Perspex	Polymer_mix	Polymer_mix	Polymer	1m	subtidal	Final	3.360000	48.42	-122.58	USA	Puget sound	tiles	sheltered	NS	Table 2
Hanson1976	1976	0.9000000	NA	0.1000000	NA	9	9	3	Density	Sessile	Invert_Metal	Invert_Wood	Invert	Y	Barnacles	Barnacles	Balanus	Thoracica	Thoracica		10x10cm	0.0001	Y	Tile		WoodvsSteel	Wood_pine	Wood_pine	Wood_Metal	Wood	Steel	Metal_steel	Metal_steel	Metal	1m	subtidal	Final	3.360000	48.42	-122.58	USA	Puget sound	tiles	sheltered	NS	Table 2
Hanson1976	1976	0.9000000	NA	0.0000000	NA	9	3	3	Density	Sessile	Invert_Metal	Invert_Wood	Invert	Y	Barnacles	Barnacles	Balanus	Thoracica	Thoracica		10x10cm	0.0001	Y	Tile		WoodvsMetal	Wood_pine	Wood_pine	Wood_Metal	Wood	Metal_nickel	Metal_nickel	Metal_nickel	Metal	1m	subtidal	Final	3.360000	48.42	-122.58	USA	Puget sound	tiles	sheltered	NS	Table 2
Hills 1996	1996	18.2200000	NA	12.4700000	NA	1	1	1	Density	Sessile	Invert_Concrete	Invert_Rock	Invert	Y	Barnacles	Barnacles	Semibalanus balanoides	Semibalanus balanoides	Thoracica		50x50cm, but 10x10 cm quadrats	0.0001	Y	available pieces of material		sandstonevsconcrete_2	Sandstone	Rock_sandstone	Rock_Concrete	Rock	Concrete_2	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	mid	Intertidal	Final	1.000000	55.76649	-4.862936	UK	Firth of Clyde UK	Pier	Exposed	Nothing on enamelled metal, roughness also measured	Table 1
Hills 1996	1996	18.2200000	NA	0.0000000	NA	1	1	1	Density	Sessile	Invert_Metal	Invert_Rock	Invert	Y	Barnacles	Barnacles	Semibalanus balanoides	Semibalanus balanoides	Thoracica		50x50cm, but 10x10 cm quadrats	0.0001	Y	available pieces of material		sandstonevsenamelmetal	Sandstone	Rock_sandstone	Rock_Metal	Rock	Enamelled Metal	Metal_enamelled	Metal_enamelled	Metal	mid	Intertidal	Final	1.000000	55.76649	-4.862936	UK	Firth of Clyde UK	Pier	Exposed	Nothing on enamelled metal, roughness also measured	Table 1
Hills 1996	1996	18.2200000	NA	6.5600000	NA	1	1	1	Density	Sessile	Invert_Metal	Invert_Rock	Invert	Y	Barnacles	Barnacles	Semibalanus balanoides	Semibalanus balanoides	Thoracica		50x50cm, but 10x10 cm quadrats	0.0001	Y	available pieces of material		sandstonevsrustymetal	Sandstone	Rock_sandstone	Rock_Metal	Rock	Rusty metal	Metal_steel	Metal_steel	Metal	mid	Intertidal	Final	1.000000	55.76649	-4.862936	UK	Firth of Clyde UK	Pier	Exposed	Nothing on enamelled metal, roughness also measured	Table 1
Hills 1996	1996	18.2200000	NA	24.0900000	NA	1	1	1	Density	Sessile	Invert_Concrete	Invert_Rock	Invert	Y	Barnacles	Barnacles	Semibalanus balanoides	Semibalanus balanoides	Thoracica		50x50cm, but 10x10 cm quadrats	0.0001	Y	available pieces of material		sandstonevsconcrete_6	Sandstone	Rock_sandstone	Rock_Concrete	Rock	Concrete_6	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	mid	Intertidal	Final	1.000000	55.76649	-4.862936	UK	Firth of Clyde UK	Pier	Exposed	Nothing on enamelled metal, roughness also measured	Table 1
Hills 1996	1996	8.3700000	NA	12.4700000	NA	1	1	1	Density	Sessile	Invert_Concrete	Invert_Wood	Invert	Y	Barnacles	Barnacles	Semibalanus balanoides	Semibalanus balanoides	Thoracica		50x50cm, but 10x10 cm quadrats	0.0001	Y	available pieces of material		wood_3vsconcrete_2	Wood_3	Wood_unclassified	Wood_Concrete	Wood	Concrete_2	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	mid	Intertidal	Final	1.000000	55.76649	-4.862936	UK	Firth of Clyde UK	Pier	Exposed	Nothing on enamelled metal, roughness also measured	Table 1
Hills 1996	1996	8.3700000	NA	0.0000000	NA	1	1	1	Density	Sessile	Invert_Metal	Invert_Wood	Invert	Y	Barnacles	Barnacles	Semibalanus balanoides	Semibalanus balanoides	Thoracica		50x50cm, but 10x10 cm quadrats	0.0001	Y	available pieces of material		wood_3vsenamelmetal	Wood_3	Wood_unclassified	Wood_Metal	Wood	Enamelled Metal	Metal_enamelled	Metal_enamelled	Metal	mid	Intertidal	Final	1.000000	55.76649	-4.862936	UK	Firth of Clyde UK	Pier	Exposed	Nothing on enamelled metal, roughness also measured	Table 1
Hills 1996	1996	8.3700000	NA	6.5600000	NA	1	1	1	Density	Sessile	Invert_Metal	Invert_Wood	Invert	Y	Barnacles	Barnacles	Semibalanus balanoides	Semibalanus balanoides	Thoracica		50x50cm, but 10x10 cm quadrats	0.0001	Y	available pieces of material		wood_3vsrustymetal	Wood_3	Wood_unclassified	Wood_Metal	Wood	Rusty metal	Metal_steel	Metal_steel	Metal	mid	Intertidal	Final	1.000000	55.76649	-4.862936	UK	Firth of Clyde UK	Pier	Exposed	Nothing on enamelled metal, roughness also measured	Table 1
Hills 1996	1996	8.3700000	NA	24.0900000	NA	1	1	1	Density	Sessile	Invert_Concrete	Invert_Wood	Invert	Y	Barnacles	Barnacles	Semibalanus balanoides	Semibalanus balanoides	Thoracica		50x50cm, but 10x10 cm quadrats	0.0001	Y	available pieces of material		wood_3vsconcrete_6	Wood_3	Wood_unclassified	Wood_Concrete	Wood	Concrete_6	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	mid	Intertidal	Final	1.000000	55.76649	-4.862936	UK	Firth of Clyde UK	Pier	Exposed	Nothing on enamelled metal, roughness also measured	Table 1
Hills 1996	1996	15.6500000	NA	12.4700000	NA	1	1	1	Density	Sessile	Invert_Concrete	Invert_Wood	Invert	Y	Barnacles	Barnacles	Semibalanus balanoides	Semibalanus balanoides	Thoracica		50x50cm, but 10x10 cm quadrats	0.0001	Y	available pieces of material		wood_5vsconcrete_2	Wood_5	Wood_unclassified	Wood_Concrete	Wood	Concrete_2	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	mid	Intertidal	Final	1.000000	55.76649	-4.862936	UK	Firth of Clyde UK	Pier	Exposed	Nothing on enamelled metal, roughness also measured	Table 1
Hills 1996	1996	15.6500000	NA	0.0000000	NA	1	1	1	Density	Sessile	Invert_Metal	Invert_Wood	Invert	Y	Barnacles	Barnacles	Semibalanus balanoides	Semibalanus balanoides	Thoracica		50x50cm, but 10x10 cm quadrats	0.0001	Y	available pieces of material		wood_5vsenamelmetal	Wood_5	Wood_unclassified	Wood_Metal	Wood	Enamelled Metal	Metal_enamelled	Metal_enamelled	Metal	mid	Intertidal	Final	1.000000	55.76649	-4.862936	UK	Firth of Clyde UK	Pier	Exposed	Nothing on enamelled metal, roughness also measured	Table 1
Hills 1996	1996	15.6500000	NA	6.5600000	NA	1	1	1	Density	Sessile	Invert_Metal	Invert_Wood	Invert	Y	Barnacles	Barnacles	Semibalanus balanoides	Semibalanus balanoides	Thoracica		50x50cm, but 10x10 cm quadrats	0.0001	Y	available pieces of material		wood_5vsrustymetal	Wood_5	Wood_unclassified	Wood_Metal	Wood	Rusty metal	Metal_steel	Metal_steel	Metal	mid	Intertidal	Final	1.000000	55.76649	-4.862936	UK	Firth of Clyde UK	Pier	Exposed	Nothing on enamelled metal, roughness also measured	Table 1
Hills 1996	1996	15.6500000	NA	24.0900000	NA	1	1	1	Density	Sessile	Invert_Concrete	Invert_Wood	Invert	Y	Barnacles	Barnacles	Semibalanus balanoides	Semibalanus balanoides	Thoracica		50x50cm, but 10x10 cm quadrats	0.0001	Y	available pieces of material		wood_5vsconcrete_6	Wood_5	Wood_unclassified	Wood_Concrete	Wood	Concrete_6	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	mid	Intertidal	Final	1.000000	55.76649	-4.862936	UK	Firth of Clyde UK	Pier	Exposed	Nothing on enamelled metal, roughness also measured	Table 1
Chapman & Clynick 2006	2006	12.0000000	NA	10.0000000	NA	1	1	1	Richness	Fish	Fish_Polymer	Fish_Rock	Fish	N		Fish	all				1.5mx1.5mx0.8m	NA	Y	Reef	Mixed (vertical and horizontal)	rockvstyre	Rock	Rock_unclassified	Rock_Polymer	Rock	Rubber	Polymer_rubber	Polymer_rubber	Polymer	6 m	subtidal	NA	13.000000	-33.85	151.54	Australia	Sydney harbour	Reef	Sheltered	Significant	Figure6	Replicates - Fish are counted over the whole reef, no quadrats used.. All replicates for each substrate have been summed (not averaged), therefore the replicate for the mean and control in this case is 1. Size of sampled area in m2 - this is NA as the area above each reef was included too.
Hixon&Brostoff1985	1985	13.3000000	13.4000000	38.6000000	15.5000000	7	7	7	Cover	Sessile	Algae_Polymer	Algae_Biogenic	Algae	Y	Coralline_Algae	EncrustingCoralline	ALL	Corallinales	Corallinales		NA	NA	Y	Tile		CoralvsPlastic	Coral	Biogenic_coral	Biogenic_Polymer	Biogenic	Perspex	Polymer_mix	Polymer_mix	Polymer	NA	subtidal	Final	12.000000	21.47	-157.81	Hawaii	Hawaii	Reef	Exposed	NS	Table
Kennedy2017	2017	8.2400000	4.1900000	12.3800000	1.6800000	16	8	8	Cover	Sessile	Algae_Clay	Algae_Rock	Algae	Y	Coralline_Algae	EncrustingCoralline	CCA	Corallinales	Corallinales		4.5X4.5 cm	0.2025	Y	Tile	Horizontal	limestonevsterracotta	Limestone	Rock_limestone	Rock_Clay	Rock	Terracotta	Clay	Clay_unglazed	Clay	NA	subtidal	Final	6.000000	-23.44	151.92	Australia	Great Barrier Reef	Reef Back	Exposed	NS	Fig 3
Kennedy2017	2017	8.2400000	4.1900000	11.7300000	3.6300000	16	8	8	Cover	Sessile	Algae_Polymer	Algae_Rock	Algae	Y	Coralline_Algae	EncrustingCoralline	CCA	Corallinales	Corallinales		4.5X4.5 cm	0.2025	Y	Tile	Horizontal	LimestonevsPoly	Limestone	Rock_limestone	Rock_Polymer	Rock	Polycarbonate	Polymer_mix	Polymer_mix	Polymer	NA	subtidal	Final	6.000000	-23.44	151.92	Australia	Great Barrier Reef	Reef Back	Exposed	NS	Fig 3
Kennedy2017	2017	8.2400000	4.1900000	4.1000000	0.0000000	16	3	8	Cover	Sessile	Algae_Clay	Algae_Rock	Algae	Y	Coralline_Algae	EncrustingCoralline	CCA	Corallinales	Corallinales		4.5X4.5 cm	0.2025	Y	Tile	Horizontal	LimestonevsPorcelain	Limestone	Rock_limestone	Rock_Clay	Rock	Porcelain	Clay	Clay_porcelain	Clay	NA	subtidal	Final	6.000000	-23.44	151.92	Australia	Great Barrier Reef	Reef Back	Exposed	NS	Fig 3
Kennedy2017	2017	23.9300000	10.9600000	47.1700000	5.0600000	16	8	8	Cover	Sessile	Algae_Clay	Algae_Rock	Algae	Y	Coralline_Algae	EncrustingCoralline	CCA	Corallinales	Corallinales		4.5X4.5 cm	0.2025	Y	Tile	Horizontal	limestonevsterracotta	Limestone	Rock_limestone	Rock_Clay	Rock	Terracotta	Clay	Clay_unglazed	Clay	NA	subtidal	Final	6.000000	-23.44	151.92	Australia	Great Barrier Reef	Reef Crest	Exposed	NS	Fig 3
Kennedy2017	2017	23.9300000	10.9600000	34.0500000	8.1600000	16	8	8	Cover	Sessile	Algae_Polymer	Algae_Rock	Algae	Y	Coralline_Algae	EncrustingCoralline	CCA	Corallinales	Corallinales		4.5X4.5 cm	0.2025	Y	Tile	Horizontal	LimestonevsPoly	Limestone	Rock_limestone	Rock_Polymer	Rock	Polycarbonate	Polymer_mix	Polymer_mix	Polymer	NA	subtidal	Final	6.000000	-23.44	151.92	Australia	Great Barrier Reef	Reef Crest	Exposed	NS	Fig 3
Kennedy2017	2017	23.9300000	10.9600000	33.3000000	0.2900000	16	8	8	Cover	Sessile	Algae_Polymer	Algae_Rock	Algae	Y	Coralline_Algae	EncrustingCoralline	CCA	Corallinales	Corallinales		4.5X4.5 cm	0.2025	Y	Tile	Horizontal	LimestonevsPVC	Limestone	Rock_limestone	Rock_Polymer	Rock	PVC	Polymer_mix	Polymer_mix	Polymer	NA	subtidal	Final	6.000000	-23.44	151.92	Australia	Great Barrier Reef	Reef Crest	Exposed	NS	Fig 3
Kennedy2017	2017	23.9300000	10.9600000	30.4900000	4.7800000	16	3	8	Cover	Sessile	Algae_Clay	Algae_Rock	Algae	Y	Coralline_Algae	EncrustingCoralline	CCA	Corallinales	Corallinales		4.5X4.5 cm	0.2025	Y	Tile	Horizontal	LimestonevsPorcelain	Limestone	Rock_limestone	Rock_Clay	Rock	Porcelain	Clay	Clay_porcelain	Clay	NA	subtidal	Final	6.000000	-23.44	151.92	Australia	Great Barrier Reef	Reef Crest	Exposed	NS	Fig 3
Kennedy2017	2017	37.9700000	2.2200000	52.9300000	4.1800000	16	8	8	Cover	Sessile	Algae_Clay	Algae_Rock	Algae	Y	Coralline_Algae	EncrustingCoralline	CCA	Corallinales	Corallinales		4.5X4.5 cm	0.2025	Y	Tile	Horizontal	limestonevsterracotta	Limestone	Rock_limestone	Rock_Clay	Rock	Terracotta	Clay	Clay_unglazed	Clay	NA	subtidal	Final	6.000000	-23.44	151.92	Australia	Great Barrier Reef	Reef Slope	Exposed	NS	Fig 3
Kennedy2017	2017	37.9700000	2.2200000	39.4500000	4.4600000	16	3	8	Cover	Sessile	Algae_Clay	Algae_Rock	Algae	Y	Coralline_Algae	EncrustingCoralline	CCA	Corallinales	Corallinales		4.5X4.5 cm	0.2025	Y	Tile	Horizontal	LimestonevsPorcelain	Limestone	Rock_limestone	Rock_Clay	Rock	Porcelain	Clay	Clay_porcelain	Clay	NA	subtidal	Final	6.000000	-23.44	151.92	Australia	Great Barrier Reef	Reef Slope	Exposed	NS	Fig 3
Kennedy2017	2017	37.9700000	2.2200000	38.5200000	8.6400000	16	8	8	Cover	Sessile	Algae_Polymer	Algae_Rock	Algae	Y	Coralline_Algae	EncrustingCoralline	CCA	Corallinales	Corallinales		4.5X4.5 cm	0.2025	Y	Tile	Horizontal	LimestonevsPoly	Limestone	Rock_limestone	Rock_Polymer	Rock	Polycarbonate	Polymer_mix	Polymer_mix	Polymer	NA	subtidal	Final	6.000000	-23.44	151.92	Australia	Great Barrier Reef	Reef Slope	Exposed	NS	Fig 3
Kennedy2017	2017	37.9700000	2.2200000	36.6600000	3.8700000	16	8	8	Cover	Sessile	Algae_Polymer	Algae_Rock	Algae	Y	Coralline_Algae	EncrustingCoralline	CCA	Corallinales	Corallinales		4.5X4.5 cm	0.2025	Y	Tile	Horizontal	LimestonevsPVC	Limestone	Rock_limestone	Rock_Polymer	Rock	PVC	Polymer_mix	Polymer_mix	Polymer	NA	subtidal	Final	6.000000	-23.44	151.92	Australia	Great Barrier Reef	Reef Slope	Exposed	NS	Fig 3
Kennedy2017	2017	7.4800000	1.6900000	27.9600000	5.3300000	16	8	8	Cover	Sessile	Algae_Clay	Algae_Rock	Algae	Y	Coralline_Algae	EncrustingCoralline	CCA	Corallinales	Corallinales		4.5X4.5 cm	0.2025	Y	Tile	Vertical	limestonevsterracotta	Limestone	Rock_limestone	Rock_Clay	Rock	Terracotta	Clay	Clay_unglazed	Clay	NA	subtidal	Final	6.000000	-23.44	151.92	Australia	Great Barrier Reef	Reef Back	Exposed	NS	Fig 3
Kennedy2017	2017	7.4800000	1.6900000	23.0800000	1.1300000	16	8	8	Cover	Sessile	Algae_Polymer	Algae_Rock	Algae	Y	Coralline_Algae	EncrustingCoralline	CCA	Corallinales	Corallinales		4.5X4.5 cm	0.2025	Y	Tile	Vertical	LimestonevsPoly	Limestone	Rock_limestone	Rock_Polymer	Rock	Polycarbonate	Polymer_mix	Polymer_mix	Polymer	NA	subtidal	Final	6.000000	-23.44	151.92	Australia	Great Barrier Reef	Reef Back	Exposed	NS	Fig 3
Kennedy2017	2017	7.4800000	1.6900000	16.2400000	1.4100000	16	3	8	Cover	Sessile	Algae_Clay	Algae_Rock	Algae	Y	Coralline_Algae	EncrustingCoralline	CCA	Corallinales	Corallinales		4.5X4.5 cm	0.2025	Y	Tile	Vertical	LimestonevsPorcelain	Limestone	Rock_limestone	Rock_Clay	Rock	Porcelain	Clay	Clay_porcelain	Clay	NA	subtidal	Final	6.000000	-23.44	151.92	Australia	Great Barrier Reef	Reef Back	Exposed	NS	Fig 3
Kennedy2017	2017	7.4800000	1.6900000	15.8200000	3.9400000	16	8	8	Cover	Sessile	Algae_Polymer	Algae_Rock	Algae	Y	Coralline_Algae	EncrustingCoralline	CCA	Corallinales	Corallinales		4.5X4.5 cm	0.2025	Y	Tile	Vertical	LimestonevsPVC	Limestone	Rock_limestone	Rock_Polymer	Rock	PVC	Polymer_mix	Polymer_mix	Polymer	NA	subtidal	Final	6.000000	-23.44	151.92	Australia	Great Barrier Reef	Reef Back	Exposed	NS	Fig 3
Kennedy2017	2017	32.3800000	17.1500000	34.8600000	7.4700000	16	8	8	Cover	Sessile	Algae_Clay	Algae_Rock	Algae	Y	Coralline_Algae	EncrustingCoralline	CCA	Corallinales	Corallinales		4.5X4.5 cm	0.2025	Y	Tile	Vertical	limestonevsterracotta	Limestone	Rock_limestone	Rock_Clay	Rock	Terracotta	Clay	Clay_unglazed	Clay	NA	subtidal	Final	6.000000	-23.44	151.92	Australia	Great Barrier Reef	Reef Crest	Exposed	NS	Fig 3
Kennedy2017	2017	32.3800000	17.1500000	35.9700000	10.2400000	16	3	8	Cover	Sessile	Algae_Clay	Algae_Rock	Algae	Y	Coralline_Algae	EncrustingCoralline	CCA	Corallinales	Corallinales		4.5X4.5 cm	0.2025	Y	Tile	Vertical	LimestonevsPorcelain	Limestone	Rock_limestone	Rock_Clay	Rock	Porcelain	Clay	Clay_porcelain	Clay	NA	subtidal	Final	6.000000	-23.44	151.92	Australia	Great Barrier Reef	Reef Crest	Exposed	NS	Fig 3
Kennedy2017	2017	32.3800000	17.1500000	33.7600000	13.0000000	16	8	8	Cover	Sessile	Algae_Polymer	Algae_Rock	Algae	Y	Coralline_Algae	EncrustingCoralline	CCA	Corallinales	Corallinales		4.5X4.5 cm	0.2025	Y	Tile	Vertical	LimestonevsPVC	Limestone	Rock_limestone	Rock_Polymer	Rock	PVC	Polymer_mix	Polymer_mix	Polymer	NA	subtidal	Final	6.000000	-23.44	151.92	Australia	Great Barrier Reef	Reef Crest	Exposed	NS	Fig 3
Kennedy2017	2017	32.3800000	17.1500000	26.8400000	4.7000000	16	8	8	Cover	Sessile	Algae_Polymer	Algae_Rock	Algae	Y	Coralline_Algae	EncrustingCoralline	CCA	Corallinales	Corallinales		4.5X4.5 cm	0.2025	Y	Tile	Vertical	LimestonevsPoly	Limestone	Rock_limestone	Rock_Polymer	Rock	Polycarbonate	Polymer_mix	Polymer_mix	Polymer	NA	subtidal	Final	6.000000	-23.44	151.92	Australia	Great Barrier Reef	Reef Crest	Exposed	NS	Fig 3
Kennedy2017	2017	30.1900000	6.7300000	38.4600000	3.3600000	16	3	8	Cover	Sessile	Algae_Clay	Algae_Rock	Algae	Y	Coralline_Algae	EncrustingCoralline	CCA	Corallinales	Corallinales		4.5X4.5 cm	0.2025	Y	Tile	Vertical	limestonevsterracotta	Limestone	Rock_limestone	Rock_Clay	Rock	Terracotta	Clay	Clay_unglazed	Clay	NA	subtidal	Final	6.000000	-23.44	151.92	Australia	Great Barrier Reef	Reef Slope	Exposed	NS	Fig 3
Kennedy2017	2017	30.1900000	6.7300000	35.5200000	3.3500000	16	8	8	Cover	Sessile	Algae_Polymer	Algae_Rock	Algae	Y	Coralline_Algae	EncrustingCoralline	CCA	Corallinales	Corallinales		4.5X4.5 cm	0.2025	Y	Tile	Vertical	LimestonevsPVC	Limestone	Rock_limestone	Rock_Polymer	Rock	PVC	Polymer_mix	Polymer_mix	Polymer	NA	subtidal	Final	6.000000	-23.44	151.92	Australia	Great Barrier Reef	Reef Slope	Exposed	NS	Fig 3
Kennedy2017	2017	30.1900000	6.7300000	22.7700000	1.1200000	16	8	8	Cover	Sessile	Algae_Polymer	Algae_Rock	Algae	Y	Coralline_Algae	EncrustingCoralline	CCA	Corallinales	Corallinales		4.5X4.5 cm	0.2025	Y	Tile	Vertical	LimestonevsPoly	Limestone	Rock_limestone	Rock_Polymer	Rock	Polycarbonate	Polymer_mix	Polymer_mix	Polymer	NA	subtidal	Final	6.000000	-23.44	151.92	Australia	Great Barrier Reef	Reef Slope	Exposed	NS	Fig 3
Kennedy2017	2017	30.1900000	6.7300000	16.3400000	1.9500000	16	3	8	Cover	Sessile	Algae_Clay	Algae_Rock	Algae	Y	Coralline_Algae	EncrustingCoralline	CCA	Corallinales	Corallinales		4.5X4.5 cm	0.2025	Y	Tile	Vertical	LimestonevsPorcelain	Limestone	Rock_limestone	Rock_Clay	Rock	Porcelain	Clay	Clay_porcelain	Clay	NA	subtidal	Final	6.000000	-23.44	151.92	Australia	Great Barrier Reef	Reef Slope	Exposed	NS	Fig 3
Lee2018	2018	29.6666667	35.5668130	36.0000000	50.2045471	6	6	6	Cover	Sessile	Invert_Polymer	Invert_Wood	Invert	N	Invertebrates	Ascidian						0.01	y	Tile	vertical	woodvsacrylic	Wood	Wood_unclassified	Wood_Polymer	Wood	Acrylic	Polymer_mix	Polymer_mix	Polymer		1	Y	2.991779	34°47’9"S	138°29’15"E	North Haven Harbour		2015_June		Australia	Original dataset
Lee2018	2018	29.6666667	35.5668130	16.0000000	20.6746362	6	6	6	Cover	Sessile	Invert_Concrete	Invert_Wood	Invert	N	Invertebrates	Ascidian						0.01	y	Tile	vertical	woodvscement	Wood	Wood_unclassified	Wood_Concrete	Wood	Cement	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete		1	Y	2.991779	34°47’9"S	138°29’15"E	North Haven Harbour		2015_June		Australia	Original dataset
Lee2018	2018	8.6666667	14.5732937	9.8833333	16.2757351	6	6	6	Cover	Sessile	Invert_Polymer	Invert_Wood	Invert	N	Invertebrates	Ascidian						0.01	y	Tile	up facing	woodvsacrylic	Wood	Wood_unclassified	Wood_Polymer	Wood	Acrylic	Polymer_mix	Polymer_mix	Polymer		1	Y	2.991779	34°47’9"S	138°29’15"E	North Haven Harbour		2015_September		Australia	Original dataset
Lee2018	2018	8.6666667	14.5732937	11.6666667	18.5027698	6	6	6	Cover	Sessile	Invert_Concrete	Invert_Wood	Invert	N	Invertebrates	Ascidian						0.01	y	Tile	up facing	woodvscement	Wood	Wood_unclassified	Wood_Concrete	Wood	Cement	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete		1	Y	2.991779	34°47’9"S	138°29’15"E	North Haven Harbour		2015_September		Australia	Original dataset
Lee2018	2018	55.9166667	38.8269244	63.0000000	61.3381014	6	6	6	Cover	Sessile	Invert_Polymer	Invert_Wood	Invert	N	Invertebrates	Ascidian						0.01	y	Tile	vertical	woodvsacrylic	Wood	Wood_unclassified	Wood_Polymer	Wood	Acrylic	Polymer_mix	Polymer_mix	Polymer		1	Y	2.991779	34°47’9"S	138°29’15"E	North Haven Harbour		2015_September		Australia	Original dataset
Lee2018	2018	55.9166667	38.8269244	48.0000000	56.1310314	6	6	6	Cover	Sessile	Invert_Concrete	Invert_Wood	Invert	N	Invertebrates	Ascidian						0.01	y	Tile	vertical	woodvscement	Wood	Wood_unclassified	Wood_Concrete	Wood	Cement	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete		1	Y	2.991779	34°47’9"S	138°29’15"E	North Haven Harbour		2015_September		Australia	Original dataset
Lee2018	2018	1.3333333	3.2659863	5.0000000	11.6472511	6	6	6	Cover	Sessile	Invert_Polymer	Invert_Wood	Invert	N	Invertebrates	Ascidian						0.01	y	Tile	up facing	woodvsacrylic	Wood	Wood_unclassified	Wood_Polymer	Wood	Acrylic	Polymer_mix	Polymer_mix	Polymer		1	Y	2.991779	34°47’9"S	138°29’15"E	North Haven Harbour		2015_December		Australia	Original dataset
Lee2018	2018	1.3333333	3.2659863	4.6666667	10.8307545	6	6	6	Cover	Sessile	Invert_Concrete	Invert_Wood	Invert	N	Invertebrates	Ascidian						0.01	y	Tile	up facing	woodvscement	Wood	Wood_unclassified	Wood_Concrete	Wood	Cement	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete		1	Y	2.991779	34°47’9"S	138°29’15"E	North Haven Harbour		2015_December		Australia	Original dataset
Lee2018	2018	65.5833333	63.0371947	66.0833333	71.0974694	6	6	6	Cover	Sessile	Invert_Polymer	Invert_Wood	Invert	N	Invertebrates	Ascidian						0.01	y	Tile	vertical	woodvsacrylic	Wood	Wood_unclassified	Wood_Polymer	Wood	Acrylic	Polymer_mix	Polymer_mix	Polymer		1	Y	2.991779	34°47’9"S	138°29’15"E	Wirrina Cove		2015_June		Australia	Original dataset
Lee2018	2018	65.5833333	63.0371947	86.0000000	42.6426776	6	6	6	Cover	Sessile	Invert_Concrete	Invert_Wood	Invert	N	Invertebrates	Ascidian						0.01	y	Tile	vertical	woodvscement	Wood	Wood_unclassified	Wood_Concrete	Wood	Cement	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete		1	Y	2.991779	34°47’9"S	138°29’15"E	Wirrina Cove		2015_June		Australia	Original dataset
Lee2018	2018	92.3333333	12.7948897	97.0000000	26.7967408	6	6	6	Cover	Sessile	Invert_Polymer	Invert_Wood	Invert	N	Invertebrates	Ascidian						0.01	y	Tile	downfacing	woodvsacrylic	Wood	Wood_unclassified	Wood_Polymer	Wood	Acrylic	Polymer_mix	Polymer_mix	Polymer		1	Y	2.991779	34°47’9"S	138°29’15"E	Wirrina Cove		2015_September		Australia	Original dataset
Lee2018	2018	92.3333333	12.7948897	93.0000000	16.2918881	6	6	6	Cover	Sessile	Invert_Concrete	Invert_Wood	Invert	N	Invertebrates	Ascidian						0.01	y	Tile	downfacing	woodvscement	Wood	Wood_unclassified	Wood_Concrete	Wood	Cement	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete		1	Y	2.991779	34°47’9"S	138°29’15"E	Wirrina Cove		2015_September		Australia	Original dataset
Lee2018	2018	17.0000000	25.2938202	12.3333333	19.6597197	6	6	6	Cover	Sessile	Invert_Polymer	Invert_Wood	Invert	N	Invertebrates	Ascidian						0.01	y	Tile	up facing	woodvsacrylic	Wood	Wood_unclassified	Wood_Polymer	Wood	Acrylic	Polymer_mix	Polymer_mix	Polymer		1	Y	2.991779	34°47’9"S	138°29’15"E	Wirrina Cove		2015_September		Australia	Original dataset
Lee2018	2018	17.0000000	25.2938202	11.9500000	16.9447897	6	6	6	Cover	Sessile	Invert_Concrete	Invert_Wood	Invert	N	Invertebrates	Ascidian						0.01	y	Tile	up facing	woodvscement	Wood	Wood_unclassified	Wood_Concrete	Wood	Cement	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete		1	Y	2.991779	34°47’9"S	138°29’15"E	Wirrina Cove		2015_September		Australia	Original dataset
Lee2018	2018	79.0000000	40.6406862	75.6666667	61.1772358	6	6	6	Cover	Sessile	Invert_Polymer	Invert_Wood	Invert	N	Invertebrates	Ascidian						0.01	y	Tile	vertical	woodvsacrylic	Wood	Wood_unclassified	Wood_Polymer	Wood	Acrylic	Polymer_mix	Polymer_mix	Polymer		1	Y	2.991779	34°47’9"S	138°29’15"E	Wirrina Cove		2015_September		Australia	Original dataset
Lee2018	2018	79.0000000	40.6406862	56.3500000	41.6177207	6	6	6	Cover	Sessile	Invert_Concrete	Invert_Wood	Invert	N	Invertebrates	Ascidian						0.01	y	Tile	vertical	woodvscement	Wood	Wood_unclassified	Wood_Concrete	Wood	Cement	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete		1	Y	2.991779	34°47’9"S	138°29’15"E	Wirrina Cove		2015_September		Australia	Original dataset
Lee2018	2018	17.9333333	18.8673662	7.3166667	10.8029504	6	6	6	Cover	Sessile	Invert_Polymer	Invert_Wood	Invert	N	Invertebrates	Ascidian						0.01	y	Tile	up facing	woodvsacrylic	Wood	Wood_unclassified	Wood_Polymer	Wood	Acrylic	Polymer_mix	Polymer_mix	Polymer		1	Y	2.991779	34°47’9"S	138°29’15"E	Wirrina Cove		2015_December		Australia	Original dataset
Lee2018	2018	17.9333333	18.8673662	21.3333333	22.2817692	6	6	6	Cover	Sessile	Invert_Concrete	Invert_Wood	Invert	N	Invertebrates	Ascidian						0.01	y	Tile	up facing	woodvscement	Wood	Wood_unclassified	Wood_Concrete	Wood	Cement	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete		1	Y	2.991779	34°47’9"S	138°29’15"E	Wirrina Cove		2015_December		Australia	Original dataset
Lee2018	2018	2.0000000	2.1908902	0.3333333	0.8164966	6	6	6	Cover	Sessile	Invert_Polymer	Invert_Wood	Invert	N	Invertebrates	Ascidian						0.01	y	Tile	up facing	woodvsacrylic	Wood	Wood_unclassified	Wood_Polymer	Wood	Acrylic	Polymer_mix	Polymer_mix	Polymer		1	Y	2.991779	35°30’5"S	138°14’38"E	Wirrina Cove		2016_March		Australia	Original dataset
Lee2018	2018	2.0000000	2.1908902	2.3333333	3.3463187	6	6	6	Cover	Sessile	Invert_Concrete	Invert_Wood	Invert	N	Invertebrates	Ascidian						0.01	y	Tile	up facing	woodvscement	Wood	Wood_unclassified	Wood_Concrete	Wood	Cement	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete		1	Y	2.991779	35°30’5"S	138°14’38"E	Wirrina Cove		2016_March		Australia	Original dataset
Lee2018	2018	63.0000000	67.5459077	85.5000000	127.0235341	5	5	5	Cover	Sessile	Invert_Polymer	Invert_Wood	Invert	N	Invertebrates	Bryozoan						0.01	y	Tile	downfacing	woodvsacrylic	Wood	Wood_unclassified	Wood_Polymer	Wood	Acrylic	Polymer_mix	Polymer_mix	Polymer		1	Y	2.071232	34°47’9"S	138°29’15"E	North Haven Harbour		2012_December		Australia	Original dataset
Lee2018	2018	63.0000000	67.5459077	72.9166667	65.8502122	5	5	5	Cover	Sessile	Invert_Concrete	Invert_Wood	Invert	N	Invertebrates	Bryozoan						0.01	y	Tile	downfacing	woodvscement	Wood	Wood_unclassified	Wood_Concrete	Wood	Cement	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete		1	Y	2.071232	34°47’9"S	138°29’15"E	North Haven Harbour		2012_December		Australia	Original dataset
Lee2018	2018	74.1666667	75.3236953	87.6666667	74.2269110	6	6	6	Cover	Sessile	Invert_Polymer	Invert_Wood	Invert	N	Invertebrates	Bryozoan						0.01	y	Tile	downfacing	woodvsacrylic	Wood	Wood_unclassified	Wood_Polymer	Wood	Acrylic	Polymer_mix	Polymer_mix	Polymer		1	Y	2.071232	34°47’9"S	138°29’15"E	North Haven Harbour		2013_February		Australia	Original dataset
Lee2018	2018	74.1666667	75.3236953	81.8333333	80.7343433	6	6	6	Cover	Sessile	Invert_Concrete	Invert_Wood	Invert	N	Invertebrates	Bryozoan						0.01	y	Tile	downfacing	woodvscement	Wood	Wood_unclassified	Wood_Concrete	Wood	Cement	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete		1	Y	2.071232	34°47’9"S	138°29’15"E	North Haven Harbour		2013_February		Australia	Original dataset
Lee2018	2018	72.8333333	72.5480354	76.3333333	76.2669587	6	6	6	Cover	Sessile	Invert_Polymer	Invert_Wood	Invert	N	Invertebrates	Bryozoan						0.01	y	Tile	downfacing	woodvsacrylic	Wood	Wood_unclassified	Wood_Polymer	Wood	Acrylic	Polymer_mix	Polymer_mix	Polymer		1	Y	2.071232	34°47’9"S	138°29’15"E	North Haven Harbour		2013_April		Australia	Original dataset
Lee2018	2018	72.8333333	72.5480354	82.0000000	59.7454978	6	6	6	Cover	Sessile	Invert_Concrete	Invert_Wood	Invert	N	Invertebrates	Bryozoan						0.01	y	Tile	downfacing	woodvscement	Wood	Wood_unclassified	Wood_Concrete	Wood	Cement	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete		1	Y	2.071232	34°47’9"S	138°29’15"E	North Haven Harbour		2013_April		Australia	Original dataset
Lee2018	2018	43.6666667	28.7517336	63.9166667	49.1319725	6	6	6	Cover	Sessile	Invert_Polymer	Invert_Wood	Invert	N	Invertebrates	Bryozoan						0.01	y	Tile	downfacing	woodvsacrylic	Wood	Wood_unclassified	Wood_Polymer	Wood	Acrylic	Polymer_mix	Polymer_mix	Polymer		1	Y	2.071232	35°30’5"S	138°14’38"E	Wirrina Cove		2012_December		Australia	Original dataset
Lee2018	2018	43.6666667	28.7517336	62.3333333	69.2646155	6	6	6	Cover	Sessile	Invert_Concrete	Invert_Wood	Invert	N	Invertebrates	Bryozoan						0.01	y	Tile	downfacing	woodvscement	Wood	Wood_unclassified	Wood_Concrete	Wood	Cement	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete		1	Y	2.071232	35°30’5"S	138°14’38"E	Wirrina Cove		2012_December		Australia	Original dataset
Lee2018	2018	72.6666667	100.0274392	61.3333333	95.7287948	6	6	6	Cover	Sessile	Invert_Polymer	Invert_Wood	Invert	N	Invertebrates	Bryozoan						0.01	y	Tile	downfacing	woodvsacrylic	Wood	Wood_unclassified	Wood_Polymer	Wood	Acrylic	Polymer_mix	Polymer_mix	Polymer		1	Y	2.071232	35°30’5"S	138°14’38"E	Wirrina Cove		2013_February		Australia	Original dataset
Lee2018	2018	72.6666667	100.0274392	73.5000000	72.0010187	6	6	6	Cover	Sessile	Invert_Concrete	Invert_Wood	Invert	N	Invertebrates	Bryozoan						0.01	y	Tile	downfacing	woodvscement	Wood	Wood_unclassified	Wood_Concrete	Wood	Cement	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete		1	Y	2.071232	35°30’5"S	138°14’38"E	Wirrina Cove		2013_February		Australia	Original dataset
Lee2018	2018	48.2948718	45.0596036	58.3333333	64.2578342	6	6	6	Cover	Sessile	Invert_Polymer	Invert_Wood	Invert	N	Invertebrates	Bryozoan						0.01	y	Tile	downfacing	woodvsacrylic	Wood	Wood_unclassified	Wood_Polymer	Wood	Acrylic	Polymer_mix	Polymer_mix	Polymer		1	Y	2.071232	35°30’5"S	138°14’38"E	Wirrina Cove		2013_April		Australia	Original dataset
Lee2018	2018	48.2948718	45.0596036	43.5000000	38.0520733	6	6	6	Cover	Sessile	Invert_Concrete	Invert_Wood	Invert	N	Invertebrates	Bryozoan						0.01	y	Tile	downfacing	woodvscement	Wood	Wood_unclassified	Wood_Concrete	Wood	Cement	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete		1	Y	2.071232	35°30’5"S	138°14’38"E	Wirrina Cove		2013_April		Australia	Original dataset
Lee2018	2018	75.5000000	59.0274766	80.7000000	80.3491548	6	6	6	Cover	Sessile	Invert_Polymer	Invert_Wood	Invert	N	Invertebrates	Bryozoan						0.01	y	Tile	vertical	woodvsacrylic	Wood	Wood_unclassified	Wood_Polymer	Wood	Acrylic	Polymer_mix	Polymer_mix	Polymer		1	Y	2.071232	34°47’9"S	138°29’15"E	North Haven Harbour		2012_December		Australia	Original dataset
Lee2018	2018	75.5000000	59.0274766	73.9000000	71.1137895	6	6	6	Cover	Sessile	Invert_Concrete	Invert_Wood	Invert	N	Invertebrates	Bryozoan						0.01	y	Tile	vertical	woodvscement	Wood	Wood_unclassified	Wood_Concrete	Wood	Cement	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete		1	Y	2.071232	34°47’9"S	138°29’15"E	North Haven Harbour		2012_December		Australia	Original dataset
Lee2018	2018	70.1666667	71.6280950	78.1666667	100.5236872	6	6	6	Cover	Sessile	Invert_Polymer	Invert_Wood	Invert	N	Invertebrates	Bryozoan						0.01	y	Tile	vertical	woodvsacrylic	Wood	Wood_unclassified	Wood_Polymer	Wood	Acrylic	Polymer_mix	Polymer_mix	Polymer		1	Y	2.071232	34°47’9"S	138°29’15"E	North Haven Harbour		2013_February		Australia	Original dataset
Lee2018	2018	70.1666667	71.6280950	60.6666667	62.4954077	6	6	6	Cover	Sessile	Invert_Concrete	Invert_Wood	Invert	N	Invertebrates	Bryozoan						0.01	y	Tile	vertical	woodvscement	Wood	Wood_unclassified	Wood_Concrete	Wood	Cement	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete		1	Y	2.071232	34°47’9"S	138°29’15"E	North Haven Harbour		2013_February		Australia	Original dataset
Lee2018	2018	38.1666667	43.6215899	36.0000000	49.6165686	6	6	6	Cover	Sessile	Invert_Polymer	Invert_Wood	Invert	N	Invertebrates	Bryozoan						0.01	y	Tile	vertical	woodvsacrylic	Wood	Wood_unclassified	Wood_Polymer	Wood	Acrylic	Polymer_mix	Polymer_mix	Polymer		1	Y	2.071232	34°47’9"S	138°29’15"E	North Haven Harbour		2013_April		Australia	Original dataset
Lee2018	2018	38.1666667	43.6215899	52.1666667	43.1807101	6	6	6	Cover	Sessile	Invert_Concrete	Invert_Wood	Invert	N	Invertebrates	Bryozoan						0.01	y	Tile	vertical	woodvscement	Wood	Wood_unclassified	Wood_Concrete	Wood	Cement	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete		1	Y	2.071232	34°47’9"S	138°29’15"E	North Haven Harbour		2013_April		Australia	Original dataset
Lee2018	2018	28.9166667	33.5397819	46.4166667	47.3884803	6	6	6	Cover	Sessile	Invert_Polymer	Invert_Wood	Invert	N	Invertebrates	Bryozoan						0.01	y	Tile	vertical	woodvsacrylic	Wood	Wood_unclassified	Wood_Polymer	Wood	Acrylic	Polymer_mix	Polymer_mix	Polymer		1	Y	2.071232	35°30’5"S	138°14’38"E	Wirrina Cove		2012_December		Australia	Original dataset
Lee2018	2018	28.9166667	33.5397819	32.0833333	31.1637562	6	6	6	Cover	Sessile	Invert_Concrete	Invert_Wood	Invert	N	Invertebrates	Bryozoan						0.01	y	Tile	vertical	woodvscement	Wood	Wood_unclassified	Wood_Concrete	Wood	Cement	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete		1	Y	2.071232	35°30’5"S	138°14’38"E	Wirrina Cove		2012_December		Australia	Original dataset
Lee2018	2018	60.5000000	89.1315515	75.0000000	107.2659898	6	6	6	Cover	Sessile	Invert_Polymer	Invert_Wood	Invert	N	Invertebrates	Bryozoan						0.01	y	Tile	vertical	woodvsacrylic	Wood	Wood_unclassified	Wood_Polymer	Wood	Acrylic	Polymer_mix	Polymer_mix	Polymer		1	Y	2.071232	35°30’5"S	138°14’38"E	Wirrina Cove		2013_February		Australia	Original dataset
Lee2018	2018	60.5000000	89.1315515	63.6666667	106.4364800	6	6	6	Cover	Sessile	Invert_Concrete	Invert_Wood	Invert	N	Invertebrates	Bryozoan						0.01	y	Tile	vertical	woodvscement	Wood	Wood_unclassified	Wood_Concrete	Wood	Cement	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete		1	Y	2.071232	35°30’5"S	138°14’38"E	Wirrina Cove		2013_February		Australia	Original dataset
Lee2018	2018	23.6666667	26.2561975	29.6666667	30.3092973	6	6	6	Cover	Sessile	Invert_Polymer	Invert_Wood	Invert	N	Invertebrates	Bryozoan						0.01	y	Tile	vertical	woodvsacrylic	Wood	Wood_unclassified	Wood_Polymer	Wood	Acrylic	Polymer_mix	Polymer_mix	Polymer		1	Y	2.071232	35°30’5"S	138°14’38"E	Wirrina Cove		2013_April		Australia	Original dataset
Lee2018	2018	23.6666667	26.2561975	30.6666667	38.6707029	6	6	6	Cover	Sessile	Invert_Concrete	Invert_Wood	Invert	N	Invertebrates	Bryozoan						0.01	y	Tile	vertical	woodvscement	Wood	Wood_unclassified	Wood_Concrete	Wood	Cement	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete		1	Y	2.071232	35°30’5"S	138°14’38"E	Wirrina Cove		2013_April		Australia	Original dataset
Lee2018	2018	49.6666667	50.2448480	42.3333333	47.1238033	6	6	6	Cover	Sessile	Invert_Polymer	Invert_Wood	Invert	N	Invertebrates	Bryozoan						0.01	y	Tile	downfacing	woodvsacrylic	Wood	Wood_unclassified	Wood_Polymer	Wood	Acrylic	Polymer_mix	Polymer_mix	Polymer		1	Y	2.991779	34°47’9"S	138°29’15"E	North Haven Harbour		2015_June		Australia	Original dataset
Lee2018	2018	49.6666667	50.2448480	40.7166667	47.9714074	6	6	6	Cover	Sessile	Invert_Concrete	Invert_Wood	Invert	N	Invertebrates	Bryozoan						0.01	y	Tile	downfacing	woodvscement	Wood	Wood_unclassified	Wood_Concrete	Wood	Cement	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete		1	Y	2.991779	34°47’9"S	138°29’15"E	North Haven Harbour		2015_June		Australia	Original dataset
Lee2018	2018	69.2166667	42.1027825	73.5166667	55.4169516	6	6	6	Cover	Sessile	Invert_Polymer	Invert_Wood	Invert	N	Invertebrates	Bryozoan						0.01	y	Tile	downfacing	woodvsacrylic	Wood	Wood_unclassified	Wood_Polymer	Wood	Acrylic	Polymer_mix	Polymer_mix	Polymer		1	Y	2.991779	34°47’9"S	138°29’15"E	North Haven Harbour		2015_September		Australia	Original dataset
Lee2018	2018	69.2166667	42.1027825	72.1166667	39.7575794	6	6	6	Cover	Sessile	Invert_Concrete	Invert_Wood	Invert	N	Invertebrates	Bryozoan						0.01	y	Tile	downfacing	woodvscement	Wood	Wood_unclassified	Wood_Concrete	Wood	Cement	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete		1	Y	2.991779	34°47’9"S	138°29’15"E	North Haven Harbour		2015_September		Australia	Original dataset
Lee2018	2018	44.6666667	50.9340747	42.3333333	68.7474341	6	6	6	Cover	Sessile	Invert_Polymer	Invert_Wood	Invert	N	Invertebrates	Bryozoan						0.01	y	Tile	downfacing	woodvsacrylic	Wood	Wood_unclassified	Wood_Polymer	Wood	Acrylic	Polymer_mix	Polymer_mix	Polymer		1	Y	2.991779	34°47’9"S	138°29’15"E	North Haven Harbour		2015_December		Australia	Original dataset
Lee2018	2018	44.6666667	50.9340747	64.3333333	80.3936477	6	6	6	Cover	Sessile	Invert_Concrete	Invert_Wood	Invert	N	Invertebrates	Bryozoan						0.01	y	Tile	downfacing	woodvscement	Wood	Wood_unclassified	Wood_Concrete	Wood	Cement	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete		1	Y	2.991779	34°47’9"S	138°29’15"E	North Haven Harbour		2015_December		Australia	Original dataset
Lee2018	2018	42.0000000	61.1215788	42.5166667	75.8908558	6	6	6	Cover	Sessile	Invert_Polymer	Invert_Wood	Invert	N	Invertebrates	Bryozoan						0.01	y	Tile	vertical	woodvsacrylic	Wood	Wood_unclassified	Wood_Polymer	Wood	Acrylic	Polymer_mix	Polymer_mix	Polymer		1	Y	2.991779	34°47’9"S	138°29’15"E	North Haven Harbour		2015_December		Australia	Original dataset
Lee2018	2018	42.0000000	61.1215788	38.0000000	48.7927223	6	6	6	Cover	Sessile	Invert_Concrete	Invert_Wood	Invert	N	Invertebrates	Bryozoan						0.01	y	Tile	vertical	woodvscement	Wood	Wood_unclassified	Wood_Concrete	Wood	Cement	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete		1	Y	2.991779	34°47’9"S	138°29’15"E	North Haven Harbour		2015_December		Australia	Original dataset
Lee2018	2018	64.6666667	72.9896596	57.6666667	79.2336090	6	6	6	Cover	Sessile	Invert_Polymer	Invert_Wood	Invert	N	Invertebrates	Bryozoan						0.01	y	Tile	downfacing	woodvsacrylic	Wood	Wood_unclassified	Wood_Polymer	Wood	Acrylic	Polymer_mix	Polymer_mix	Polymer		1	Y	2.991779	35°30’5"S	138°14’38"E	North Haven Harbour		2016_March		Australia	Original dataset
Lee2018	2018	64.6666667	72.9896596	64.3333333	78.5840437	6	6	6	Cover	Sessile	Invert_Concrete	Invert_Wood	Invert	N	Invertebrates	Bryozoan						0.01	y	Tile	downfacing	woodvscement	Wood	Wood_unclassified	Wood_Concrete	Wood	Cement	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete		1	Y	2.991779	35°30’5"S	138°14’38"E	North Haven Harbour		2016_March		Australia	Original dataset
Lee2018	2018	1.0000000	2.4494897	17.0000000	35.9197253	6	6	6	Cover	Sessile	Invert_Polymer	Invert_Wood	Invert	N	Invertebrates	Bryozoan						0.01	y	Tile	up facing	woodvsacrylic	Wood	Wood_unclassified	Wood_Polymer	Wood	Acrylic	Polymer_mix	Polymer_mix	Polymer		1	Y	2.991779	35°30’5"S	138°14’38"E	North Haven Harbour		2016_March		Australia	Original dataset
Lee2018	2018	1.0000000	2.4494897	3.3333333	6.4205733	6	6	6	Cover	Sessile	Invert_Concrete	Invert_Wood	Invert	N	Invertebrates	Bryozoan						0.01	y	Tile	up facing	woodvscement	Wood	Wood_unclassified	Wood_Concrete	Wood	Cement	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete		1	Y	2.991779	35°30’5"S	138°14’38"E	North Haven Harbour		2016_March		Australia	Original dataset
Lee2018	2018	26.0000000	49.8273933	24.0000000	36.1794973	6	6	6	Cover	Sessile	Invert_Polymer	Invert_Wood	Invert	N	Invertebrates	Bryozoan						0.01	y	Tile	vertical	woodvsacrylic	Wood	Wood_unclassified	Wood_Polymer	Wood	Acrylic	Polymer_mix	Polymer_mix	Polymer		1	Y	2.991779	35°30’5"S	138°14’38"E	North Haven Harbour		2016_March		Australia	Original dataset
Lee2018	2018	26.0000000	49.8273933	25.0000000	49.6423250	6	6	6	Cover	Sessile	Invert_Concrete	Invert_Wood	Invert	N	Invertebrates	Bryozoan						0.01	y	Tile	vertical	woodvscement	Wood	Wood_unclassified	Wood_Concrete	Wood	Cement	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete		1	Y	2.991779	35°30’5"S	138°14’38"E	North Haven Harbour		2016_March		Australia	Original dataset
Lee2018	2018	73.4500000	63.0458924	70.4500000	60.4179280	6	6	6	Cover	Sessile	Invert_Polymer	Invert_Wood	Invert	N	Invertebrates	Bryozoan						0.01	y	Tile	downfacing	woodvsacrylic	Wood	Wood_unclassified	Wood_Polymer	Wood	Acrylic	Polymer_mix	Polymer_mix	Polymer		1	Y	2.991779	34°47’9"S	138°29’15"E	Wirrina Cove		2015_June		Australia	Original dataset
Lee2018	2018	73.4500000	63.0458924	92.6666667	51.2450081	6	6	6	Cover	Sessile	Invert_Concrete	Invert_Wood	Invert	N	Invertebrates	Bryozoan						0.01	y	Tile	downfacing	woodvscement	Wood	Wood_unclassified	Wood_Concrete	Wood	Cement	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete		1	Y	2.991779	34°47’9"S	138°29’15"E	Wirrina Cove		2015_June		Australia	Original dataset
Lee2018	2018	94.0000000	24.5438140	83.3333333	63.8854141	6	6	6	Cover	Sessile	Invert_Polymer	Invert_Wood	Invert	N	Invertebrates	Bryozoan						0.01	y	Tile	downfacing	woodvsacrylic	Wood	Wood_unclassified	Wood_Polymer	Wood	Acrylic	Polymer_mix	Polymer_mix	Polymer		1	Y	2.991779	34°47’9"S	138°29’15"E	Wirrina Cove		2015_December		Australia	Original dataset
Lee2018	2018	94.0000000	24.5438140	84.0000000	30.3930633	6	6	6	Cover	Sessile	Invert_Concrete	Invert_Wood	Invert	N	Invertebrates	Bryozoan						0.01	y	Tile	downfacing	woodvscement	Wood	Wood_unclassified	Wood_Concrete	Wood	Cement	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete		1	Y	2.991779	34°47’9"S	138°29’15"E	Wirrina Cove		2015_December		Australia	Original dataset
Lee2018	2018	87.6666667	44.4090154	86.0000000	87.3286560	6	6	6	Cover	Sessile	Invert_Polymer	Invert_Wood	Invert	N	Invertebrates	Bryozoan						0.01	y	Tile	vertical	woodvsacrylic	Wood	Wood_unclassified	Wood_Polymer	Wood	Acrylic	Polymer_mix	Polymer_mix	Polymer		1	Y	2.991779	34°47’9"S	138°29’15"E	Wirrina Cove		2015_December		Australia	Original dataset
Lee2018	2018	87.6666667	44.4090154	71.3333333	57.2040964	6	6	6	Cover	Sessile	Invert_Concrete	Invert_Wood	Invert	N	Invertebrates	Bryozoan						0.01	y	Tile	vertical	woodvscement	Wood	Wood_unclassified	Wood_Concrete	Wood	Cement	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete		1	Y	2.991779	34°47’9"S	138°29’15"E	Wirrina Cove		2015_December		Australia	Original dataset
Lee2018	2018	58.3000000	59.2792519	60.5333333	67.2722681	6	6	6	Cover	Sessile	Invert_Polymer	Invert_Wood	Invert	N	Invertebrates	Bryozoan						0.01	y	Tile	downfacing	woodvsacrylic	Wood	Wood_unclassified	Wood_Polymer	Wood	Acrylic	Polymer_mix	Polymer_mix	Polymer		1	Y	2.991779	35°30’5"S	138°14’38"E	Wirrina Cove		2016_March		Australia	Original dataset
Lee2018	2018	58.3000000	59.2792519	43.7333333	50.8856875	6	6	6	Cover	Sessile	Invert_Concrete	Invert_Wood	Invert	N	Invertebrates	Bryozoan						0.01	y	Tile	downfacing	woodvscement	Wood	Wood_unclassified	Wood_Concrete	Wood	Cement	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete		1	Y	2.991779	35°30’5"S	138°14’38"E	Wirrina Cove		2016_March		Australia	Original dataset
Lee2018	2018	45.6666667	73.7824015	58.3333333	94.7464122	6	6	6	Cover	Sessile	Invert_Polymer	Invert_Wood	Invert	N	Invertebrates	Bryozoan						0.01	y	Tile	vertical	woodvsacrylic	Wood	Wood_unclassified	Wood_Polymer	Wood	Acrylic	Polymer_mix	Polymer_mix	Polymer		1	Y	2.991779	35°30’5"S	138°14’38"E	Wirrina Cove		2016_March		Australia	Original dataset
Lee2018	2018	45.6666667	73.7824015	34.3333333	48.7765680	6	6	6	Cover	Sessile	Invert_Concrete	Invert_Wood	Invert	N	Invertebrates	Bryozoan						0.01	y	Tile	vertical	woodvscement	Wood	Wood_unclassified	Wood_Concrete	Wood	Cement	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete		1	Y	2.991779	35°30’5"S	138°14’38"E	Wirrina Cove		2016_March		Australia	Original dataset
McGuiness 1989	1989	5.0000000	0.2828427	44.8700000	6.8730779	2	2	2	Cover	Sessile	Sessile_Concrete	Sessile_Wood	Sessile	N		Sessile	Algae/invertebrates				10x13cm	0.013	Y	Tile		WoodvsConcrete	Wood	Wood_unclassified	Wood_Concrete	Wood	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	NA	intertidal	Final	10.000000	9.4	-79.86	Site1	Panama	sheltered	sheltered		Figure1
McGuiness 1989	1989	5.0000000	0.2828427	0.0000000	0.0000000	2	2	2	Cover	Sessile	Sessile_Polymer	Sessile_Wood	Sessile	N		Sessile	Algae/invertebrates				10x13cm	0.013	Y	Tile		WoodvsPersplexs	Wood	Wood_unclassified	Wood_Polymer	Wood	Perspex	Polymer_mix	Polymer_mix	Polymer	NA	intertidal	Final	10.000000	9.4	-79.86	Site1	Panama	sheltered	sheltered		Figure1
McGuiness 1989	1989	24.3300000	27.5205959	44.8700000	6.8730779	2	2	2	Cover	Sessile	Sessile_Concrete	Sessile_Rock	Sessile	N		Sessile	Algae/invertebrates				10x13cm	0.013	Y	Tile		RockvsConcrete	Siltstone	Rock_siltstone	Rock_Concrete	Rock	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	NA	intertidal	Final	10.000000	9.4	-79.86	Site1	Panama	sheltered	sheltered		Figure1
McGuiness 1989	1989	24.3300000	27.5205959	0.0000000	0.0000000	2	2	2	Cover	Sessile	Sessile_Polymer	Sessile_Rock	Sessile	N		Sessile	Algae/invertebrates				10x13cm	0.013	Y	Tile		RockvsPerspex	Siltstone	Rock_siltstone	Rock_Polymer	Rock	Perspex	Polymer_mix	Polymer_mix	Polymer	NA	intertidal	Final	10.000000	9.4	-79.86	Site1	Panama	sheltered	sheltered		Figure1
McGuiness 1989	1989	41.6200000	55.8048672	51.3520000	61.1619082	2	2	2	Cover	Sessile	Sessile_Concrete	Sessile_Rock	Sessile	N		Sessile	Algae/invertebrates				10x13cm	0.013	Y	Tile		RockvsConcrete	Siltstone	Rock_siltstone	Rock_Concrete	Rock	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	NA	intertidal	NA	1.000000	9.4	-79.86	Site1	Panama	sheltered	sheltered		Figure1
McGuiness 1989	1989	41.6200000	55.8048672	26.4900000	33.6441406	2	2	2	Cover	Sessile	Sessile_Polymer	Sessile_Rock	Sessile	N		Sessile	Algae/invertebrates				10x13cm	0.013	Y	Tile		RockvsPerspex	Siltstone	Rock_siltstone	Rock_Polymer	Rock	Perspex	Polymer_mix	Polymer_mix	Polymer	NA	intertidal	NA	1.000000	9.4	-79.86	Site1	Panama	sheltered	sheltered		Figure1
McGuiness 1989	1989	49.1900000	53.5138412	51.3520000	61.1619082	2	2	2	Cover	Sessile	Sessile_Concrete	Sessile_Wood	Sessile	N		Sessile	Algae/invertebrates				10x13cm	0.013	Y	Tile		WoodvsConcrete	Wood	Wood_unclassified	Wood_Concrete	Wood	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	NA	intertidal	NA	1.000000	9.4	-79.86	Site1	Panama	sheltered	sheltered		Figure1
McGuiness 1989	1989	49.1900000	53.5138412	26.4900000	33.6441406	2	2	2	Cover	Sessile	Sessile_Polymer	Sessile_Wood	Sessile	N		Sessile	Algae/invertebrates				10x13cm	0.013	Y	Tile		WoodvsPersplexs	Wood	Wood_unclassified	Wood_Polymer	Wood	Perspex	Polymer_mix	Polymer_mix	Polymer	NA	intertidal	NA	1.000000	9.4	-79.86	Site1	Panama	sheltered	sheltered		Figure1
McGuiness 1989	1989	52.1500000	61.5890006	56.3900000	55.4937402	2	2	2	Cover	Sessile	Sessile_Concrete	Sessile_Wood	Sessile	N		Sessile	Algae/invertebrates				10x13cm	0.013	Y	Tile		WoodvsConcrete	Wood	Wood_unclassified	Wood_Concrete	Wood	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	NA	intertidal	Final	10.000000	9.4	-79.86	Site2	Panama	sheltered	sheltered		Figure1
McGuiness 1989	1989	52.1500000	61.5890006	53.1800000	65.5063722	2	2	2	Cover	Sessile	Sessile_Polymer	Sessile_Wood	Sessile	N		Sessile	Algae/invertebrates				10x13cm	0.013	Y	Tile		WoodvsPersplexs	Wood	Wood_unclassified	Wood_Polymer	Wood	Perspex	Polymer_mix	Polymer_mix	Polymer	NA	intertidal	Final	10.000000	9.4	-79.86	Site2	Panama	sheltered	sheltered		Figure1
McGuiness 1989	1989	53.2000000	63.8658845	56.3900000	55.4937402	2	2	2	Cover	Sessile	Sessile_Concrete	Sessile_Rock	Sessile	N		Sessile	Algae/invertebrates				10x13cm	0.013	Y	Tile		RockvsConcrete	Siltstone	Rock_siltstone	Rock_Concrete	Rock	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	NA	intertidal	Final	10.000000	9.4	-79.86	Site2	Panama	sheltered	sheltered		Figure1
McGuiness 1989	1989	53.2000000	63.8658845	53.1800000	65.5063722	2	2	2	Cover	Sessile	Sessile_Polymer	Sessile_Rock	Sessile	N		Sessile	Algae/invertebrates				10x13cm	0.013	Y	Tile		RockvsPerspex	Siltstone	Rock_siltstone	Rock_Polymer	Rock	Perspex	Polymer_mix	Polymer_mix	Polymer	NA	intertidal	Final	10.000000	9.4	-79.86	Site2	Panama	sheltered	sheltered		Figure1
McGuiness 1989	1989	71.0600000	30.4197337	65.6700000	39.5272691	2	2	2	Cover	Sessile	Sessile_Polymer	Sessile_Rock	Sessile	N		Sessile	Algae/invertebrates				10x13cm	0.013	Y	Tile		RockvsPerspex	Siltstone	Rock_siltstone	Rock_Polymer	Rock	Perspex	Polymer_mix	Polymer_mix	Polymer	NA	intertidal	NA	1.000000	9.4	-79.86	Site2	Panama	sheltered	sheltered		Figure1
McGuiness 1989	1989	71.0600000	30.4197337	49.5000000	62.3385338	2	2	2	Cover	Sessile	Sessile_Concrete	Sessile_Rock	Sessile	N		Sessile	Algae/invertebrates				10x13cm	0.013	Y	Tile		RockvsConcrete	Siltstone	Rock_siltstone	Rock_Concrete	Rock	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	NA	intertidal	NA	1.000000	9.4	-79.86	Site2	Panama	sheltered	sheltered		Figure1
McGuiness 1989	1989	77.3300000	14.5239733	94.7000000	5.3457273	2	2	2	Cover	Sessile	Sessile_Concrete	Sessile_Rock	Sessile	N		Sessile	Algae/invertebrates				10x13cm	0.013	Y	Tile		RockvsConcrete	Siltstone	Rock_siltstone	Rock_Concrete	Rock	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	NA	intertidal	Final	10.000000	9.4	-79.86	Site3	Panama	sheltered	sheltered		Figure1
McGuiness 1989	1989	77.3300000	14.5239733	94.6500000	3.0547013	2	2	2	Cover	Sessile	Sessile_Polymer	Sessile_Rock	Sessile	N		Sessile	Algae/invertebrates				10x13cm	0.013	Y	Tile		RockvsPerspex	Siltstone	Rock_siltstone	Rock_Polymer	Rock	Perspex	Polymer_mix	Polymer_mix	Polymer	NA	intertidal	Final	10.000000	9.4	-79.86	Site3	Panama	sheltered	sheltered		Figure1
McGuiness 1989	1989	77.5300000	30.4197337	65.6700000	39.5272691	2	2	2	Cover	Sessile	Sessile_Polymer	Sessile_Wood	Sessile	N		Sessile	Algae/invertebrates				10x13cm	0.013	Y	Tile		WoodvsPersplexs	Wood	Wood_unclassified	Wood_Polymer	Wood	Perspex	Polymer_mix	Polymer_mix	Polymer	NA	intertidal	NA	1.000000	9.4	-79.86	Site2	Panama	sheltered	sheltered		Figure1
McGuiness 1989	1989	77.5300000	30.4197337	49.5000000	62.3385338	2	2	2	Cover	Sessile	Sessile_Concrete	Sessile_Wood	Sessile	N		Sessile	Algae/invertebrates				10x13cm	0.013	Y	Tile		WoodvsConcrete	Wood	Wood_unclassified	Wood_Concrete	Wood	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	NA	intertidal	NA	1.000000	9.4	-79.86	Site2	Panama	sheltered	sheltered		Figure1
McGuiness 1989	1989	77.8500000	19.8697006	94.7000000	5.3457273	2	2	2	Cover	Sessile	Sessile_Concrete	Sessile_Wood	Sessile	N		Sessile	Algae/invertebrates				10x13cm	0.013	Y	Tile		WoodvsConcrete	Wood	Wood_unclassified	Wood_Concrete	Wood	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	NA	intertidal	Final	10.000000	9.4	-79.86	Site3	Panama	sheltered	sheltered		Figure1
McGuiness 1989	1989	77.8500000	19.8697006	94.6500000	3.0547013	2	2	2	Cover	Sessile	Sessile_Polymer	Sessile_Wood	Sessile	N		Sessile	Algae/invertebrates				10x13cm	0.013	Y	Tile		WoodvsPersplexs	Wood	Wood_unclassified	Wood_Polymer	Wood	Perspex	Polymer_mix	Polymer_mix	Polymer	NA	intertidal	Final	10.000000	9.4	-79.86	Site3	Panama	sheltered	sheltered		Figure1
McGuiness 1989	1989	78.8400000	12.7137799	13.2300000	8.2307229	2	2	2	Cover	Sessile	Sessile_Polymer	Sessile_Rock	Sessile	N		Sessile	Algae/invertebrates				10x13cm	0.013	Y	Tile		RockvsPerspex	Siltstone	Rock_siltstone	Rock_Polymer	Rock	Perspex	Polymer_mix	Polymer_mix	Polymer	NA	intertidal	Final	10.000000	9.4	-79.86	Site3	Panama	sheltered	sheltered		Figure1
McGuiness 1989	1989	87.8300000	0.2404163	52.3800000	5.9962655	2	2	2	Cover	Sessile	Sessile_Concrete	Sessile_Wood	Sessile	N		Sessile	Algae/invertebrates				10x13cm	0.013	Y	Tile		WoodvsConcrete	Wood	Wood_unclassified	Wood_Concrete	Wood	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	NA	intertidal	Final	10.000000	9.4	-79.86	Site3	Panama	sheltered	sheltered		Figure1
McGuiness 1989	1989	87.8300000	0.2404163	13.2300000	8.2307229	2	2	2	Cover	Sessile	Sessile_Polymer	Sessile_Wood	Sessile	N		Sessile	Algae/invertebrates				10x13cm	0.013	Y	Tile		WoodvsPersplexs	Wood	Wood_unclassified	Wood_Polymer	Wood	Perspex	Polymer_mix	Polymer_mix	Polymer	NA	intertidal	Final	10.000000	9.4	-79.86	Site3	Panama	sheltered	sheltered		Figure1
McGuiness 1989	1989	95.5900000	6.1235447	98.3100000	2.3900209	2	2	2	Cover	Sessile	Sessile_Concrete	Sessile_Rock	Sessile	N		Sessile	Algae/invertebrates				10x13cm	0.013	Y	Tile		RockvsConcrete	Siltstone	Rock_siltstone	Rock_Concrete	Rock	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	NA	intertidal	NA	1.000000	9.4	-79.86	Site3	Panama	sheltered	sheltered		Figure1
McGuiness 1989	1989	95.5900000	6.1235447	97.7700000	0.3252691	2	2	2	Cover	Sessile	Sessile_Polymer	Sessile_Rock	Sessile	N		Sessile	Algae/invertebrates				10x13cm	0.013	Y	Tile		RockvsPerspex	Siltstone	Rock_siltstone	Rock_Polymer	Rock	Perspex	Polymer_mix	Polymer_mix	Polymer	NA	intertidal	NA	1.000000	9.4	-79.86	Site3	Panama	sheltered	sheltered		Figure1
McGuiness 1989	1989	96.3000000	0.9899495	98.4200000	2.2344574	2	2	2	Cover	Sessile	Sessile_Polymer	Sessile_Rock	Sessile	N		Sessile	Algae/invertebrates				10x13cm	0.013	Y	Tile		RockvsPerspex	Siltstone	Rock_siltstone	Rock_Polymer	Rock	Perspex	Polymer_mix	Polymer_mix	Polymer	NA	intertidal	NA	1.000000	9.4	-79.86	Site3	Panama	sheltered	sheltered		Figure1
McGuiness 1989	1989	96.3000000	0.9899495	97.3600000	3.7335238	2	2	2	Cover	Sessile	Sessile_Concrete	Sessile_Rock	Sessile	N		Sessile	Algae/invertebrates				10x13cm	0.013	Y	Tile		RockvsConcrete	Siltstone	Rock_siltstone	Rock_Concrete	Rock	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	NA	intertidal	NA	1.000000	9.4	-79.86	Site3	Panama	sheltered	sheltered		Figure1
McGuiness 1989	1989	98.9800000	1.4424978	98.4200000	2.2344574	2	2	2	Cover	Sessile	Sessile_Polymer	Sessile_Wood	Sessile	N		Sessile	Algae/invertebrates				10x13cm	0.013	Y	Tile		WoodvsPersplexs	Wood	Wood_unclassified	Wood_Polymer	Wood	Perspex	Polymer_mix	Polymer_mix	Polymer	NA	intertidal	NA	1.000000	9.4	-79.86	Site3	Panama	sheltered	sheltered		Figure1
McGuiness 1989	1989	98.9800000	1.4424978	97.3600000	3.7335238	2	2	2	Cover	Sessile	Sessile_Concrete	Sessile_Wood	Sessile	N		Sessile	Algae/invertebrates				10x13cm	0.013	Y	Tile		WoodvsConcrete	Wood	Wood_unclassified	Wood_Concrete	Wood	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	NA	intertidal	NA	1.000000	9.4	-79.86	Site3	Panama	sheltered	sheltered		Figure1
McGuiness 1989	1989	99.3500000	0.9192388	98.3100000	2.3900209	2	2	2	Cover	Sessile	Sessile_Concrete	Sessile_Wood	Sessile	N		Sessile	Algae/invertebrates				10x13cm	0.013	Y	Tile		WoodvsConcrete	Wood	Wood_unclassified	Wood_Concrete	Wood	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	NA	intertidal	NA	1.000000	9.4	-79.86	Site3	Panama	sheltered	sheltered		Figure1
McGuiness 1989	1989	99.3500000	0.9192388	97.7700000	0.3252691	2	2	2	Cover	Sessile	Sessile_Polymer	Sessile_Wood	Sessile	N		Sessile	Algae/invertebrates				10x13cm	0.013	Y	Tile		WoodvsPersplexs	Wood	Wood_unclassified	Wood_Polymer	Wood	Perspex	Polymer_mix	Polymer_mix	Polymer	NA	intertidal	NA	1.000000	9.4	-79.86	Site3	Panama	sheltered	sheltered		Figure1
Norris1991	1991	300.0000000	0.0000000	107.0000000	0.0000000	3	3	3	Density	Sessile	Invert_Clay	Invert_Wood	Invert	Y	Barnacles	Barnacles	Balanus eburneus <1mm	Amphibalanus eburneus	Thoracica		10x15cm	0.013	Y	Tile		woodvsceramic	Wood_oak salt treated	Wood_oak	Wood_Clay	Wood	Ceramic_unglazed	Clay	Clay_unglazed	Clay	mid	intertidal	NA	0.930000	34.06	-77.89	USA	harbour	tile	sheltered	Significant	Table 3
Norris1991	1991	300.0000000	0.0000000	400.0000000	5.7157677	3	3	3	Density	Sessile	Invert_Clay	Invert_Wood	Invert	Y	Barnacles	Barnacles	Balanus eburneus <1mm	Amphibalanus eburneus	Thoracica		10x15cm	0.013	Y	Tile		WoodvsBrick	Wood_oak salt treated	Wood_oak	Wood_Clay	Wood	Brick	Clay	Clay_brick	Clay	mid	intertidal	NA	0.930000	34.06	-77.89	USA	harbour	tile	sheltered	Significant	Table 3
Norris1991	1991	300.0000000	0.0000000	400.0000000	0.0000000	3	3	3	Density	Sessile	Invert_Concrete	Invert_Wood	Invert	Y	Barnacles	Barnacles	Balanus eburneus <1mm	Amphibalanus eburneus	Thoracica		10x15cm	0.013	Y	Tile		WoodvsConcrete	Wood_oak salt treated	Wood_oak	Wood_Concrete	Wood	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	mid	intertidal	NA	0.930000	34.06	-77.89	USA	harbour	tile	sheltered	Significant	Table 3
Norris1991	1991	300.0000000	0.0000000	32.0000000	15.9348674	3	3	3	Density	Sessile	Invert_Polymer	Invert_Wood	Invert	Y	Barnacles	Barnacles	Balanus eburneus <1mm	Amphibalanus eburneus	Thoracica		10x15cm	0.013	Y	Tile		WoodvsPlexi	Wood_oak salt treated	Wood_oak	Wood_Polymer	Wood	Plexi_methyl methacrylate	Polymer_mix	Polymer_mix	Polymer	mid	intertidal	NA	0.930000	34.06	-77.89	USA	harbour	tile	sheltered	Significant	Table 3
Norris1991	1991	300.0000000	0.0000000	10.0000000	0.5196152	3	3	3	Density	Sessile	Invert_Polymer	Invert_Wood	Invert	Y	Barnacles	Barnacles	Balanus eburneus <1mm	Amphibalanus eburneus	Thoracica		10x15cm	0.013	Y	Tile		WoodvsFibre	Wood_oak salt treated	Wood_oak	Wood_Polymer	Wood	Fibreglass	Polymer_fibreglass	Polymer_fibreglass	Polymer	mid	intertidal	NA	0.930000	34.06	-77.89	USA	harbour	tile	sheltered	Significant	Table 3
Norris1991	1991	200.0000000	99.9393316	558.0000000	166.4500826	3	3	3	Density	Sessile	Invert_Clay	Invert_Wood	Invert	Y	Barnacles	Barnacles	Balanus eburneus <1mm	Amphibalanus eburneus	Thoracica		10x15cm	0.013	Y	Tile		woodvsceramic	Wood_oak salt treated	Wood_oak	Wood_Clay	Wood	Ceramic_unglazed	Clay	Clay_unglazed	Clay	mid	intertidal	NA	1.860000	34.06	-77.89	USA	harbour	tile	sheltered	Significant	Table 3
Norris1991	1991	200.0000000	99.9393316	550.0000000	173.0318757	3	3	3	Density	Sessile	Invert_Polymer	Invert_Wood	Invert	Y	Barnacles	Barnacles	Balanus eburneus <1mm	Amphibalanus eburneus	Thoracica		10x15cm	0.013	Y	Tile		WoodvsFibre	Wood_oak salt treated	Wood_oak	Wood_Polymer	Wood	Fibreglass	Polymer_fibreglass	Polymer_fibreglass	Polymer	mid	intertidal	NA	1.860000	34.06	-77.89	USA	harbour	tile	sheltered	Significant	Table 3
Norris1991	1991	200.0000000	99.9393316	500.0000000	173.0318757	3	3	3	Density	Sessile	Invert_Concrete	Invert_Wood	Invert	Y	Barnacles	Barnacles	Balanus eburneus <1mm	Amphibalanus eburneus	Thoracica		10x15cm	0.013	Y	Tile		WoodvsConcrete	Wood_oak salt treated	Wood_oak	Wood_Concrete	Wood	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	mid	intertidal	NA	1.860000	34.06	-77.89	USA	harbour	tile	sheltered	Significant	Table 3
Norris1991	1991	200.0000000	99.9393316	400.0000000	0.0000000	3	3	3	Density	Sessile	Invert_Clay	Invert_Wood	Invert	Y	Barnacles	Barnacles	Balanus eburneus <1mm	Amphibalanus eburneus	Thoracica		10x15cm	0.013	Y	Tile		WoodvsBrick	Wood_oak salt treated	Wood_oak	Wood_Clay	Wood	Brick	Clay	Clay_brick	Clay	mid	intertidal	NA	1.860000	34.06	-77.89	USA	harbour	tile	sheltered	Significant	Table 3
Norris1991	1991	200.0000000	99.9393316	54.0000000	83.4848489	3	3	3	Density	Sessile	Invert_Polymer	Invert_Wood	Invert	Y	Barnacles	Barnacles	Balanus eburneus <1mm	Amphibalanus eburneus	Thoracica		10x15cm	0.013	Y	Tile		WoodvsPlexi	Wood_oak salt treated	Wood_oak	Wood_Polymer	Wood	Plexi_methyl methacrylate	Polymer_mix	Polymer_mix	Polymer	mid	intertidal	NA	1.860000	34.06	-77.89	USA	harbour	tile	sheltered	Significant	Table 3
Norris1991	1991	6.0000000	7.7942286	12.0000000	1.3856406	3	3	3	Density	Sessile	Invert_Concrete	Invert_Wood	Invert	Y	Barnacles	Barnacles	Balanus eburneus <1mm	Amphibalanus eburneus	Thoracica		10x15cm	0.013	Y	Tile		WoodvsConcrete	Wood_oak salt treated	Wood_oak	Wood_Concrete	Wood	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	mid	intertidal	NA	2.800000	34.06	-77.89	USA	harbour	tile	sheltered	Significant	Table 3
Norris1991	1991	6.0000000	7.7942286	11.0000000	10.0458947	3	3	3	Density	Sessile	Invert_Clay	Invert_Wood	Invert	Y	Barnacles	Barnacles	Balanus eburneus <1mm	Amphibalanus eburneus	Thoracica		10x15cm	0.013	Y	Tile		WoodvsBrick	Wood_oak salt treated	Wood_oak	Wood_Clay	Wood	Brick	Clay	Clay_brick	Clay	mid	intertidal	NA	2.800000	34.06	-77.89	USA	harbour	tile	sheltered	Significant	Table 3
Norris1991	1991	6.0000000	7.7942286	4.0000000	3.9837169	3	3	3	Density	Sessile	Invert_Polymer	Invert_Wood	Invert	Y	Barnacles	Barnacles	Balanus eburneus <1mm	Amphibalanus eburneus	Thoracica		10x15cm	0.013	Y	Tile		WoodvsFibre	Wood_oak salt treated	Wood_oak	Wood_Polymer	Wood	Fibreglass	Polymer_fibreglass	Polymer_fibreglass	Polymer	mid	intertidal	NA	2.800000	34.06	-77.89	USA	harbour	tile	sheltered	Significant	Table 3
Norris1991	1991	6.0000000	7.7942286	2.0000000	1.5588457	3	3	3	Density	Sessile	Invert_Polymer	Invert_Wood	Invert	Y	Barnacles	Barnacles	Balanus eburneus <1mm	Amphibalanus eburneus	Thoracica		10x15cm	0.013	Y	Tile		WoodvsPlexi	Wood_oak salt treated	Wood_oak	Wood_Polymer	Wood	Plexi_methyl methacrylate	Polymer_mix	Polymer_mix	Polymer	mid	intertidal	NA	2.800000	34.06	-77.89	USA	harbour	tile	sheltered	Significant	Table 3
Norris1991	1991	6.0000000	7.7942286	3.0000000	4.1569219	3	3	3	Density	Sessile	Invert_Clay	Invert_Wood	Invert	Y	Barnacles	Barnacles	Balanus eburneus <1mm	Amphibalanus eburneus	Thoracica		10x15cm	0.013	Y	Tile		woodvsceramic	Wood_oak salt treated	Wood_oak	Wood_Clay	Wood	Ceramic_unglazed	Clay	Clay_unglazed	Clay	mid	intertidal	NA	2.800000	34.06	-77.89	USA	harbour	tile	sheltered	Significant	Table 3
Norris1991	1991	0.3000000	0.5196152	0.0000000	0.0000000	3	3	3	Density	Sessile	Invert_Clay	Invert_Wood	Invert	Y	Barnacles	Barnacles	Balanus eburneus <1mm	Amphibalanus eburneus	Thoracica		10x15cm	0.013	Y	Tile		WoodvsBrick	Wood_oak salt treated	Wood_oak	Wood_Clay	Wood	Brick	Clay	Clay_brick	Clay	mid	intertidal	NA	3.730000	34.06	-77.89	USA	harbour	tile	sheltered	Significant	Table 3
Norris1991	1991	0.3000000	0.5196152	0.0000000	0.0000000	3	3	3	Density	Sessile	Invert_Concrete	Invert_Wood	Invert	Y	Barnacles	Barnacles	Balanus eburneus <1mm	Amphibalanus eburneus	Thoracica		10x15cm	0.013	Y	Tile		WoodvsConcrete	Wood_oak salt treated	Wood_oak	Wood_Concrete	Wood	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	mid	intertidal	NA	3.730000	34.06	-77.89	USA	harbour	tile	sheltered	Significant	Table 3
Norris1991	1991	0.3000000	0.5196152	0.0000000	0.0000000	3	3	3	Density	Sessile	Invert_Polymer	Invert_Wood	Invert	Y	Barnacles	Barnacles	Balanus eburneus <1mm	Amphibalanus eburneus	Thoracica		10x15cm	0.013	Y	Tile		WoodvsFibre	Wood_oak salt treated	Wood_oak	Wood_Polymer	Wood	Fibreglass	Polymer_fibreglass	Polymer_fibreglass	Polymer	mid	intertidal	NA	3.730000	34.06	-77.89	USA	harbour	tile	sheltered	Significant	Table 3
Norris1991	1991	0.3000000	0.5196152	0.0000000	0.0000000	3	3	3	Density	Sessile	Invert_Polymer	Invert_Wood	Invert	Y	Barnacles	Barnacles	Balanus eburneus <1mm	Amphibalanus eburneus	Thoracica		10x15cm	0.013	Y	Tile		WoodvsPlexi	Wood_oak salt treated	Wood_oak	Wood_Polymer	Wood	Plexi_methyl methacrylate	Polymer_mix	Polymer_mix	Polymer	mid	intertidal	NA	3.730000	34.06	-77.89	USA	harbour	tile	sheltered	Significant	Table 3
Norris1991	1991	0.3000000	0.5196152	0.0000000	0.0000000	3	3	3	Density	Sessile	Invert_Clay	Invert_Wood	Invert	Y	Barnacles	Barnacles	Balanus eburneus <1mm	Amphibalanus eburneus	Thoracica		10x15cm	0.013	Y	Tile		woodvsceramic	Wood_oak salt treated	Wood_oak	Wood_Clay	Wood	Ceramic_unglazed	Clay	Clay_unglazed	Clay	mid	intertidal	NA	3.730000	34.06	-77.89	USA	harbour	tile	sheltered	Significant	Table 3
Norris1991	1991	833.0000000	152.7668812	567.0000000	57.6772919	3	3	3	Density	Sessile	Invert_Clay	Invert_Wood	Invert	Y	Barnacles	Barnacles	Balanus eburneus <1mm	Amphibalanus eburneus	Thoracica		10x15cm	0.013	Y	Tile		woodvsceramic	Wood_oak salt treated	Wood_oak	Wood_Clay	Wood	Ceramic_unglazed	Clay	Clay_unglazed	Clay	mid	intertidal	NA	4.660000	34.06	-77.89	USA	harbour	tile	sheltered	Significant	Table 3
Norris1991	1991	833.0000000	152.7668812	700.0000000	200.0518683	3	3	3	Density	Sessile	Invert_Clay	Invert_Wood	Invert	Y	Barnacles	Barnacles	Balanus eburneus <1mm	Amphibalanus eburneus	Thoracica		10x15cm	0.013	Y	Tile		WoodvsBrick	Wood_oak salt treated	Wood_oak	Wood_Clay	Wood	Brick	Clay	Clay_brick	Clay	mid	intertidal	NA	4.660000	34.06	-77.89	USA	harbour	tile	sheltered	Significant	Table 3
Norris1991	1991	833.0000000	152.7668812	700.0000000	99.9393316	3	3	3	Density	Sessile	Invert_Concrete	Invert_Wood	Invert	Y	Barnacles	Barnacles	Balanus eburneus <1mm	Amphibalanus eburneus	Thoracica		10x15cm	0.013	Y	Tile		WoodvsConcrete	Wood_oak salt treated	Wood_oak	Wood_Concrete	Wood	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	mid	intertidal	NA	4.660000	34.06	-77.89	USA	harbour	tile	sheltered	Significant	Table 3
Norris1991	1991	833.0000000	152.7668812	400.0000000	99.9393316	3	3	3	Density	Sessile	Invert_Polymer	Invert_Wood	Invert	Y	Barnacles	Barnacles	Balanus eburneus <1mm	Amphibalanus eburneus	Thoracica		10x15cm	0.013	Y	Tile		WoodvsFibre	Wood_oak salt treated	Wood_oak	Wood_Polymer	Wood	Fibreglass	Polymer_fibreglass	Polymer_fibreglass	Polymer	mid	intertidal	NA	4.660000	34.06	-77.89	USA	harbour	tile	sheltered	Significant	Table 3
Norris1991	1991	833.0000000	152.7668812	33.0000000	5.7157677	3	3	3	Density	Sessile	Invert_Polymer	Invert_Wood	Invert	Y	Barnacles	Barnacles	Balanus eburneus <1mm	Amphibalanus eburneus	Thoracica		10x15cm	0.013	Y	Tile		WoodvsPlexi	Wood_oak salt treated	Wood_oak	Wood_Polymer	Wood	Plexi_methyl methacrylate	Polymer_mix	Polymer_mix	Polymer	mid	intertidal	NA	4.660000	34.06	-77.89	USA	harbour	tile	sheltered	Significant	Table 3
Norris1991	1991	1383.0000000	236.2517302	1050.0000000	50.0562683	3	3	3	Density	Sessile	Invert_Clay	Invert_Wood	Invert	Y	Barnacles	Barnacles	Balanus eburneus <1mm	Amphibalanus eburneus	Thoracica		10x15cm	0.013	Y	Tile		woodvsceramic	Wood_oak salt treated	Wood_oak	Wood_Clay	Wood	Ceramic_unglazed	Clay	Clay_unglazed	Clay	mid	intertidal	Final	5.600000	34.06	-77.89	USA	harbour	tile	sheltered	Significant	Table 3
Norris1991	1991	1383.0000000	236.2517302	1257.0000000	66.1643408	3	3	3	Density	Sessile	Invert_Concrete	Invert_Wood	Invert	Y	Barnacles	Barnacles	Balanus eburneus <1mm	Amphibalanus eburneus	Thoracica		10x15cm	0.013	Y	Tile		WoodvsConcrete	Wood_oak salt treated	Wood_oak	Wood_Concrete	Wood	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	mid	intertidal	Final	5.600000	34.06	-77.89	USA	harbour	tile	sheltered	Significant	Table 3
Norris1991	1991	1383.0000000	236.2517302	1130.0000000	50.0562683	3	3	3	Density	Sessile	Invert_Clay	Invert_Wood	Invert	Y	Barnacles	Barnacles	Balanus eburneus <1mm	Amphibalanus eburneus	Thoracica		10x15cm	0.013	Y	Tile		WoodvsBrick	Wood_oak salt treated	Wood_oak	Wood_Clay	Wood	Brick	Clay	Clay_brick	Clay	mid	intertidal	Final	5.600000	34.06	-77.89	USA	harbour	tile	sheltered	Significant	Table 3
Norris1991	1991	1383.0000000	236.2517302	960.0000000	147.2243186	3	3	3	Density	Sessile	Invert_Polymer	Invert_Wood	Invert	Y	Barnacles	Barnacles	Balanus eburneus <1mm	Amphibalanus eburneus	Thoracica		10x15cm	0.013	Y	Tile		WoodvsFibre	Wood_oak salt treated	Wood_oak	Wood_Polymer	Wood	Fibreglass	Polymer_fibreglass	Polymer_fibreglass	Polymer	mid	intertidal	Final	5.600000	34.06	-77.89	USA	harbour	tile	sheltered	Significant	Table 3
Norris1991	1991	1383.0000000	236.2517302	304.0000000	16.4544827	3	3	3	Density	Sessile	Invert_Polymer	Invert_Wood	Invert	Y	Barnacles	Barnacles	Balanus eburneus <1mm	Amphibalanus eburneus	Thoracica		10x15cm	0.013	Y	Tile		WoodvsPlexi	Wood_oak salt treated	Wood_oak	Wood_Polymer	Wood	Plexi_methyl methacrylate	Polymer_mix	Polymer_mix	Polymer	mid	intertidal	Final	5.600000	34.06	-77.89	USA	harbour	tile	sheltered	Significant	Table 3
Olaliaet2009	2009	0.0000000	NA	25.0000000	NA	3	3	3	Cover	Sessile	Invert_Polymer	Invert_Wood	Invert	Y	Barnacles	Barnacles	Barnacles	Thoracica	Thoracica		15x15cm	0.0225	Y	Tile	vertical	WoodvsPlastic	Wood	Wood_unclassified	Wood_Polymer	Wood	Plastic	Polymer_mix	Polymer_mix	Polymer	NA	subtidal	NA	1.000000	10.3	123.96	Philippines	Mactan Island	tile	sheltered	Significant	Figure	Grazers excluded
Olaliaet2009	2009	4.1000000	6.3739470	0.0000000	0.0000000	3	3	3	Density	Sessile	Invert_Polymer	Invert_Wood	Invert	Y	Barnacles	Barnacles	Barnacles	Thoracica	Thoracica		15x15cm	0.01	Y	Tile	vertical	WoodvsPlastic	Wood_vitex parviflora molave	Wood_vitex parviflora molave	Wood_Polymer	Wood	Plastic_polypropylene	Polymer_mix	Polymer_mix	Polymer	NA	subtidal	NA	1.000000	10.3	123.96	Philippines	Mactan Island	tile	sheltered	Significant	Figure 5	Grazers excluded
Olaliaet2009	2009	6.6700000	3.8451528	3.6600000	4.9363448	3	3	3	Density	Sessile	Invert_Polymer	Invert_Wood	Invert	Y	Barnacles	Barnacles	Barnacles	Thoracica	Thoracica		15x15cm	0.01	Y	Tile	vertical	WoodvsPlastic	Wood_vitex parviflora molave	Wood_vitex parviflora molave	Wood_Polymer	Wood	Plastic_polypropylene	Polymer_mix	Polymer_mix	Polymer	NA	subtidal	NA	2.000000	10.3	123.96	Philippines	Mactan Island	tile	sheltered	Significant	Figure 5	Grazers excluded
Olaliaet2009	2009	13.0200000	2.4768327	4.1300000	6.8589212	3	3	3	Density	Sessile	Invert_Polymer	Invert_Wood	Invert	Y	Barnacles	Barnacles	Barnacles	Thoracica	Thoracica		15x15cm	0.01	Y	Tile	vertical	WoodvsPlastic	Wood_vitex parviflora molave	Wood_vitex parviflora molave	Wood_Polymer	Wood	Plastic_polypropylene	Polymer_mix	Polymer_mix	Polymer	NA	subtidal	NA	3.000000	10.3	123.96	Philippines	Mactan Island	tile	sheltered	Significant	Figure 5	Grazers excluded
Olaliaet2009	2009	26.6700000	12.3668428	10.6400000	8.7988181	3	3	3	Density	Sessile	Invert_Polymer	Invert_Wood	Invert	Y	Barnacles	Barnacles	Barnacles	Thoracica	Thoracica		15x15cm	0.01	Y	Tile	vertical	WoodvsPlastic	Wood_vitex parviflora molave	Wood_vitex parviflora molave	Wood_Polymer	Wood	Plastic_polypropylene	Polymer_mix	Polymer_mix	Polymer	NA	subtidal	Final	4.000000	10.3	123.96	Philippines	Mactan Island	tile	sheltered	Significant	Figure 5	Grazers excluded
Olaliaet2009	2009	5.0000000	NA	10.0000000	NA	3	3	3	Cover	Sessile	Invert_Polymer	Invert_Wood	Invert	Y	Barnacles	Barnacles	Barnacles	Thoracica	Thoracica		15x15cm	0.0225	Y	Tile	vertical	WoodvsPlastic	Wood	Wood_unclassified	Wood_Polymer	Wood	Plastic	Polymer_mix	Polymer_mix	Polymer	NA	subtidal	NA	3.000000	10.3	123.96	Philippines	Mactan Island	tile	sheltered	Significant	Figure	Grazers excluded
Olaliaet2009	2009	15.0000000	NA	10.0000000	NA	3	3	3	Cover	Sessile	Invert_Polymer	Invert_Wood	Invert	Y	Barnacles	Barnacles	Barnacles	Thoracica	Thoracica		15x15cm	0.0225	Y	Tile	vertical	WoodvsPlastic	Wood	Wood_unclassified	Wood_Polymer	Wood	Plastic	Polymer_mix	Polymer_mix	Polymer	NA	subtidal	Final	4.000000	10.3	123.96	Philippines	Mactan Island	tile	sheltered	S	Figure	Grazers excluded
Olaliaet2009	2009	25.0000000	NA	17.0000000	NA	3	3	3	Cover	Sessile	Invert_Polymer	Invert_Wood	Invert	Y	Barnacles	Barnacles	Barnacles	Thoracica	Thoracica		15x15cm	0.0225	Y	Tile	vertical	WoodvsPlastic	Wood	Wood_unclassified	Wood_Polymer	Wood	Plastic	Polymer_mix	Polymer_mix	Polymer	NA	subtidal	NA	2.000000	10.3	123.96	Philippines	Mactan Island	tile	sheltered	Significant	Figure	Grazers excluded
Olaliaet2009	2009	0.0000000	NA	10.0000000	NA	3	3	3	Cover	Sessile	Invert_Polymer	Invert_Wood	Invert	N		Benthic	Mollusc				15x15cm	0.0225	Y	Tile	vertical	WoodvsPlastic	Wood	Wood_unclassified	Wood_Polymer	Wood	Plastic	Polymer_mix	Polymer_mix	Polymer	NA	subtidal	NA	2.000000	10.3	123.96	Philippines	Mactan Island	tile	sheltered	Significant	Figure 4	Grazers excluded
Olaliaet2009	2009	10.0000000	NA	5.0000000	NA	3	3	3	Cover	Sessile	Invert_Polymer	Invert_Wood	Invert	N		Benthic	Mollusc				15x15cm	0.0225	Y	Tile	vertical	WoodvsPlastic	Wood	Wood_unclassified	Wood_Polymer	Wood	Plastic	Polymer_mix	Polymer_mix	Polymer	NA	subtidal	Final	4.000000	10.3	123.96	Philippines	Mactan Island	tile	sheltered	Significant	Figure 4	Grazers excluded
Olaliaet2009	2009	15.0000000	NA	35.0000000	NA	3	3	3	Cover	Sessile	Invert_Polymer	Invert_Wood	Invert	N		Benthic	Mollusc				15x15cm	0.0225	Y	Tile	vertical	WoodvsPlastic	Wood	Wood_unclassified	Wood_Polymer	Wood	Plastic	Polymer_mix	Polymer_mix	Polymer	NA	subtidal	NA	3.000000	10.3	123.96	Philippines	Mactan Island	tile	sheltered	Significant	Figure 4	Grazers excluded
Olaliaet2009	2009	20.0000000	NA	0.0000000	NA	3	3	3	Cover	Sessile	Invert_Polymer	Invert_Wood	Invert	N		Benthic	Mollusc				15x15cm	0.0225	Y	Tile	vertical	WoodvsPlastic	Wood	Wood_unclassified	Wood_Polymer	Wood	Plastic	Polymer_mix	Polymer_mix	Polymer	NA	subtidal	NA	1.000000	10.3	123.96	Philippines	Mactan Island	tile	sheltered	Significant	Figure 4	Grazers excluded
Olaliaet2009	2009	0.0000000	0.0000000	0.0000000	0.0000000	3	3	3	Density	Sessile	Invert_Polymer	Invert_Wood	Invert	N		Benthic	Mollusc				15x15cm	0.01	Y	Tile	vertical	WoodvsPlastic	Wood_vitex parviflora molave	Wood_vitex parviflora molave	Wood_Polymer	Wood	Plastic_polypropylene	Polymer_mix	Polymer_mix	Polymer	NA	subtidal	NA	1.000000	10.3	123.96	Philippines	Mactan Island	tile	sheltered	Significant	Figure 5	Grazers excluded
Olaliaet2009	2009	4.2600000	3.4121401	0.0000000	0.0000000	3	3	3	Density	Sessile	Invert_Polymer	Invert_Wood	Invert	N		Benthic	Mollusc				15x15cm	0.01	Y	Tile	vertical	WoodvsPlastic	Wood_vitex parviflora molave	Wood_vitex parviflora molave	Wood_Polymer	Wood	Plastic_polypropylene	Polymer_mix	Polymer_mix	Polymer	NA	subtidal	NA	2.000000	10.3	123.96	Philippines	Mactan Island	tile	sheltered	Significant	Figure 5	Grazers excluded
Olaliaet2009	2009	5.2500000	3.3948196	3.3000000	4.0703194	3	3	3	Density	Sessile	Invert_Polymer	Invert_Wood	Invert	N		Benthic	Mollusc				15x15cm	0.01	Y	Tile	vertical	WoodvsPlastic	Wood_vitex parviflora molave	Wood_vitex parviflora molave	Wood_Polymer	Wood	Plastic_polypropylene	Polymer_mix	Polymer_mix	Polymer	NA	subtidal	Final	4.000000	10.3	123.96	Philippines	Mactan Island	tile	sheltered	Significant	Figure 5	Grazers excluded
Olaliaet2009	2009	63.9700000	50.9396142	12.6000000	2.0438200	3	3	3	Density	Sessile	Invert_Polymer	Invert_Wood	Invert	N		Benthic	Mollusc				15x15cm	0.01	Y	Tile	vertical	WoodvsPlastic	Wood_vitex parviflora molave	Wood_vitex parviflora molave	Wood_Polymer	Wood	Plastic_polypropylene	Polymer_mix	Polymer_mix	Polymer	NA	subtidal	NA	3.000000	10.3	123.96	Philippines	Mactan Island	tile	sheltered	Significant	Figure 5	Grazers excluded
Olaliaet2009	2009	0.0000000	0.0000000	0.0000000	0.0000000	3	3	3	Density	Sessile	Invert_Polymer	Invert_Wood	Invert	N		Invertebrate	Sponge				15x15cm	0.01	Y	Tile	vertical	WoodvsPlastic	Wood_vitex parviflora molave	Wood_vitex parviflora molave	Wood_Polymer	Wood	Plastic_polypropylene	Polymer_mix	Polymer_mix	Polymer	NA	subtidal	NA	1.000000	10.3	123.96	Philippines	Mactan Island	tile	sheltered	Significant	Figure 5	Grazers excluded
Olaliaet2009	2009	4.0000000	3.8971143	1.3000000	2.3382686	3	3	3	Density	Sessile	Invert_Polymer	Invert_Wood	Invert	N		Invertebrate	Sponge				15x15cm	0.01	Y	Tile	vertical	WoodvsPlastic	Wood_vitex parviflora molave	Wood_vitex parviflora molave	Wood_Polymer	Wood	Plastic_polypropylene	Polymer_mix	Polymer_mix	Polymer	NA	subtidal	NA	2.000000	10.3	123.96	Philippines	Mactan Island	tile	sheltered	Significant	Figure 5	Grazers excluded
Olaliaet2009	2009	4.1500000	3.5853452	1.4000000	3.1003709	3	3	3	Density	Sessile	Invert_Polymer	Invert_Wood	Invert	N		Invertebrate	Hydrozoa				15x15cm	0.01	Y	Tile	vertical	WoodvsPlastic	Wood_vitex parviflora molave	Wood_vitex parviflora molave	Wood_Polymer	Wood	Plastic_polypropylene	Polymer_mix	Polymer_mix	Polymer	NA	subtidal	NA	1.000000	10.3	123.96	Philippines	Mactan Island	tile	sheltered	Significant	Figure 5	Grazers excluded
Olaliaet2009	2009	6.6100000	4.8324218	2.6800000	2.2343455	3	3	3	Density	Sessile	Invert_Polymer	Invert_Wood	Invert	N		Invertebrate	Sponge				15x15cm	0.01	Y	Tile	vertical	WoodvsPlastic	Wood_vitex parviflora molave	Wood_vitex parviflora molave	Wood_Polymer	Wood	Plastic_polypropylene	Polymer_mix	Polymer_mix	Polymer	NA	subtidal	NA	3.000000	10.3	123.96	Philippines	Mactan Island	tile	sheltered	Significant	Figure 5	Grazers excluded
Olaliaet2009	2009	6.8000000	4.0000000	6.8000000	4.0000000	3	3	3	Density	Sessile	Invert_Polymer	Invert_Wood	Invert	N		Invertebrate	Hydrozoa				15x15cm	0.01	Y	Tile	vertical	WoodvsPlastic	Wood_vitex parviflora molave	Wood_vitex parviflora molave	Wood_Polymer	Wood	Plastic_polypropylene	Polymer_mix	Polymer_mix	Polymer	NA	subtidal	NA	2.000000	10.3	123.96	Philippines	Mactan Island	tile	sheltered	Significant	Figure 5	Grazers excluded
Olaliaet2009	2009	19.2300000	10.0000000	1.0200000	3.4641016	3	3	3	Density	Sessile	Invert_Polymer	Invert_Wood	Invert	N		Invertebrate	All				15x15cm	0.01	Y	Tile	vertical	WoodvsPlastic	Wood_vitex parviflora molave	Wood_vitex parviflora molave	Wood_Polymer	Wood	Plastic_polypropylene	Polymer_mix	Polymer_mix	Polymer	NA	subtidal	NA	1.000000	10.3	123.96	Philippines	Mactan Island	tile	sheltered	Significant	Figure 5	Grazers excluded
Olaliaet2009	2009	26.3200000	21.0270968	26.3200000	21.0270968	3	3	3	Density	Sessile	Invert_Polymer	Invert_Wood	Invert	N		Invertebrate	All				15x15cm	0.01	Y	Tile	vertical	WoodvsPlastic	Wood_vitex parviflora molave	Wood_vitex parviflora molave	Wood_Polymer	Wood	Plastic_polypropylene	Polymer_mix	Polymer_mix	Polymer	NA	subtidal	NA	2.000000	10.3	123.96	Philippines	Mactan Island	tile	sheltered	Significant	Figure 5	Grazers excluded
Olaliaet2009	2009	27.9200000	6.9282032	17.5000000	9.5262794	3	3	3	Density	Sessile	Invert_Polymer	Invert_Wood	Invert	N		Invertebrate	Hydrozoa				15x15cm	0.01	Y	Tile	vertical	WoodvsPlastic	Wood_vitex parviflora molave	Wood_vitex parviflora molave	Wood_Polymer	Wood	Plastic_polypropylene	Polymer_mix	Polymer_mix	Polymer	NA	subtidal	NA	3.000000	10.3	123.96	Philippines	Mactan Island	tile	sheltered	Significant	Figure 5	Grazers excluded
Olaliaet2009	2009	159.9200000	91.1751545	55.6700000	64.8653027	3	3	3	Density	Sessile	Invert_Polymer	Invert_Wood	Invert	N		Invertebrate	All				15x15cm	0.01	Y	Tile	vertical	WoodvsPlastic	Wood_vitex parviflora molave	Wood_vitex parviflora molave	Wood_Polymer	Wood	Plastic_polypropylene	Polymer_mix	Polymer_mix	Polymer	NA	subtidal	NA	3.000000	10.3	123.96	Philippines	Mactan Island	tile	sheltered	Significant	Figure 5	Grazers excluded
Olaliaet2009	2009	0.0000000	NA	0.0000000	NA	3	3	3	Cover	Sessile	Invert_Polymer	Invert_Wood	Invert	N		Invertebrates	Sponge				15x15cm	0.0225	Y	Tile	vertical	WoodvsPlastic	Wood	Wood_unclassified	Wood_Polymer	Wood	Plastic	Polymer_mix	Polymer_mix	Polymer	NA	subtidal	Final	4.000000	10.3	123.96	Philippines	Mactan Island	tile	sheltered	Significant	Figure	Grazers excluded
Olaliaet2009	2009	7.0000000	NA	10.0000000	NA	3	3	3	Cover	Sessile	Invert_Polymer	Invert_Wood	Invert	N		Invertebrates	Sponge				15x15cm	0.0225	Y	Tile	vertical	WoodvsPlastic	Wood	Wood_unclassified	Wood_Polymer	Wood	Plastic	Polymer_mix	Polymer_mix	Polymer	NA	subtidal	NA	2.000000	10.3	123.96	Philippines	Mactan Island	tile	sheltered	Significant	Figure	Grazers excluded
Olaliaet2009	2009	10.0000000	NA	10.0000000	NA	3	3	3	Cover	Sessile	Invert_Polymer	Invert_Wood	Invert	N		Invertebrates	Sponge				15x15cm	0.0225	Y	Tile	vertical	WoodvsPlastic	Wood	Wood_unclassified	Wood_Polymer	Wood	Plastic	Polymer_mix	Polymer_mix	Polymer	NA	subtidal	NA	3.000000	10.3	123.96	Philippines	Mactan Island	tile	sheltered	Significant	Figure	Grazers excluded
Olaliaet2009	2009	10.0000000	NA	0.0000000	NA	3	3	3	Cover	Sessile	Invert_Polymer	Invert_Wood	Invert	N		Invertebrates	Hydrozoa				15x15cm	0.0225	Y	Tile	vertical	WoodvsPlastic	Wood	Wood_unclassified	Wood_Polymer	Wood	Plastic	Polymer_mix	Polymer_mix	Polymer	NA	subtidal	Final	4.000000	10.3	123.96	Philippines	Mactan Island	tile	sheltered	Significant	Figure	Grazers excluded
Olaliaet2009	2009	18.0000000	NA	40.0000000	NA	3	3	3	Cover	Sessile	Invert_Polymer	Invert_Wood	Invert	N		Invertebrates	Hydrozoa				15x15cm	0.0225	Y	Tile	vertical	WoodvsPlastic	Wood	Wood_unclassified	Wood_Polymer	Wood	Plastic	Polymer_mix	Polymer_mix	Polymer	NA	subtidal	NA	2.000000	10.3	123.96	Philippines	Mactan Island	tile	sheltered	Significant	Figure	Grazers excluded
Olaliaet2009	2009	20.0000000	NA	25.0000000	NA	3	3	3	Cover	Sessile	Invert_Polymer	Invert_Wood	Invert	N		Invertebrates	Hydrozoa				15x15cm	0.0225	Y	Tile	vertical	WoodvsPlastic	Wood	Wood_unclassified	Wood_Polymer	Wood	Plastic	Polymer_mix	Polymer_mix	Polymer	NA	subtidal	NA	1.000000	10.3	123.96	Philippines	Mactan Island	tile	sheltered	Significant	Figure	Grazers excluded
Olaliaet2009	2009	20.0000000	NA	18.0000000	NA	3	3	3	Cover	Sessile	Invert_Polymer	Invert_Wood	Invert	N		Invertebrates	Hydrozoa				15x15cm	0.0225	Y	Tile	vertical	WoodvsPlastic	Wood	Wood_unclassified	Wood_Polymer	Wood	Plastic	Polymer_mix	Polymer_mix	Polymer	NA	subtidal	NA	3.000000	10.3	123.96	Philippines	Mactan Island	tile	sheltered	Significant	Figure	Grazers excluded
Olaliaet2009	2009	2.6000000	2.8752043	7.0000000	5.7504087	3	3	3	Density	Sessile	Invert_Polymer	Invert_Wood	Invert	N		Invertebrates	Hydrozoa				15x15cm	0.01	Y	Tile	vertical	WoodvsPlastic	Wood_vitex parviflora molave	Wood_vitex parviflora molave	Wood_Polymer	Wood	Plastic_polypropylene	Polymer_mix	Polymer_mix	Polymer	NA	subtidal	Final	4.000000	10.3	123.96	Philippines	Mactan Island	tile	sheltered	Significant	Figure 5	Grazers excluded
Olaliaet2009	2009	6.6400000	6.0621778	0.0000000	0.0000000	3	3	3	Density	Sessile	Invert_Polymer	Invert_Wood	Invert	N		Invertebrates	Sponge				15x15cm	0.01	Y	Tile	vertical	WoodvsPlastic	Wood_vitex parviflora molave	Wood_vitex parviflora molave	Wood_Polymer	Wood	Plastic_polypropylene	Polymer_mix	Polymer_mix	Polymer	NA	subtidal	Final	4.000000	10.3	123.96	Philippines	Mactan Island	tile	sheltered	Significant	Figure 5	Grazers excluded
Olaliaet2009	2009	59.7200000	96.4232685	41.5000000	35.0567084	3	3	3	Density	Sessile	Invert_Polymer	Invert_Wood	Invert	N		Invertebrates	All				15x15cm	0.01	Y	Tile	vertical	WoodvsPlastic	Wood_vitex parviflora molave	Wood_vitex parviflora molave	Wood_Polymer	Wood	Plastic_polypropylene	Polymer_mix	Polymer_mix	Polymer	NA	subtidal	Final	4.000000	10.3	123.96	Philippines	Mactan Island	tile	sheltered	Significant	Figure 5	Grazers excluded
Olaliaet2009	2009	30.0000000	NA	50.0000000	NA	3	3	3	Cover	Benthic	Benthic_Polymer	Benthic_Wood	Benthic	N		Mobile	Polychaete				15x15cm	0.0225	Y	Tile	vertical	WoodvsPlastic	Wood	Wood_unclassified	Wood_Polymer	Wood	Plastic	Polymer_mix	Polymer_mix	Polymer	NA	subtidal	NA	2.000000	10.3	123.96	Philippines	Mactan Island	tile	sheltered	Significant	Figure 4	Grazers excluded
Olaliaet2009	2009	60.0000000	NA	50.0000000	NA	3	3	3	Cover	Benthic	Benthic_Polymer	Benthic_Wood	Benthic	N		Mobile	Polychaete				15x15cm	0.0225	Y	Tile	vertical	WoodvsPlastic	Wood	Wood_unclassified	Wood_Polymer	Wood	Plastic	Polymer_mix	Polymer_mix	Polymer	NA	subtidal	NA	1.000000	10.3	123.96	Philippines	Mactan Island	tile	sheltered	Significant	Figure 4	Grazers excluded
Olaliaet2009	2009	60.0000000	NA	40.0000000	NA	3	3	3	Cover	Benthic	Benthic_Polymer	Benthic_Wood	Benthic	N		Mobile	Polychaete				15x15cm	0.0225	Y	Tile	vertical	WoodvsPlastic	Wood	Wood_unclassified	Wood_Polymer	Wood	Plastic	Polymer_mix	Polymer_mix	Polymer	NA	subtidal	NA	3.000000	10.3	123.96	Philippines	Mactan Island	tile	sheltered	Significant	Figure 4	Grazers excluded
Olaliaet2009	2009	0.0000000	0.0000000	0.0000000	0.0000000	3	3	3	Density	Benthic	Benthic_Polymer	Benthic_Wood	Benthic	N		Mobile	Polychaete				15x15cm	0.01	Y	Tile	vertical	WoodvsPlastic	Wood_vitex parviflora molave	Wood_vitex parviflora molave	Wood_Polymer	Wood	Plastic_polypropylene	Polymer_mix	Polymer_mix	Polymer	NA	subtidal	NA	1.000000	10.3	123.96	Philippines	Mactan Island	tile	sheltered	Significant	Figure 5	Grazers excluded
Olaliaet2009	2009	80.0000000	NA	75.0000000	NA	3	3	3	Cover	Benthic	Benthic_Polymer	Benthic_Wood	Benthic	N		Mobile	Polychaete				15x15cm	0.0225	Y	Tile	vertical	WoodvsPlastic	Wood	Wood_unclassified	Wood_Polymer	Wood	Plastic	Polymer_mix	Polymer_mix	Polymer	NA	subtidal	Final	4.000000	10.3	123.96	Philippines	Mactan Island	tile	sheltered	Significant	Figure 4	Grazers excluded
Olaliaet2009	2009	20.5900000	0.7101408	0.7500000	0.4330127	3	3	3	Density	Benthic	Benthic_Polymer	Benthic_Wood	Benthic	N		Mobile	Polychaete				15x15cm	0.01	Y	Tile	vertical	WoodvsPlastic	Wood_vitex parviflora molave	Wood_vitex parviflora molave	Wood_Polymer	Wood	Plastic_polypropylene	Polymer_mix	Polymer_mix	Polymer	NA	subtidal	NA	2.000000	10.3	123.96	Philippines	Mactan Island	tile	sheltered	Significant	Figure 5	Grazers excluded
Olaliaet2009	2009	74.6600000	17.1819440	46.8700000	30.9344274	3	3	3	Density	Benthic	Benthic_Polymer	Benthic_Wood	Benthic	N		Mobile	Polychaete				15x15cm	0.01	Y	Tile	vertical	WoodvsPlastic	Wood_vitex parviflora molave	Wood_vitex parviflora molave	Wood_Polymer	Wood	Plastic_polypropylene	Polymer_mix	Polymer_mix	Polymer	NA	subtidal	NA	3.000000	10.3	123.96	Philippines	Mactan Island	tile	sheltered	Significant	Figure 5	Grazers excluded
Olaliaet2009	2009	400.6000000	109.8986237	77.1400000	13.7351629	3	3	3	Density	Benthic	Benthic_Polymer	Benthic_Wood	Benthic	N		Mobile	Polychaete				15x15cm	0.01	Y	Tile	vertical	WoodvsPlastic	Wood_vitex parviflora molave	Wood_vitex parviflora molave	Wood_Polymer	Wood	Plastic_polypropylene	Polymer_mix	Polymer_mix	Polymer	NA	subtidal	Final	4.000000	10.3	123.96	Philippines	Mactan Island	tile	sheltered	Significant	Figure 5	Grazers excluded
Quanetal2017	2017	0.0180083	0.0099601	0.1207980	0.0398400	5	5	5	Density	Sessile	Invert_Clay	Invert_Biogenic	Invert	Y	Bivalves	Bivalve	Crassostrea sikema	Crassostrea sikamea	Crassostrea		60x11cm	0.0001	Y	Bag	mixed	ClamvsBrick	Shell_clam	Biogenic_clam	Biogenic_Clay	Biogenic	Brick fragments	Clay	Clay_brick	Clay	Na	intertidal	Final	36.000000	29.64	121.83	China	harbour	Harbour	sheltered	Significant - substrates were all pieces and biogenic can be included.	Figure 4
Quanetal2017	2017	0.0314844	0.0298808	0.1207980	0.0398400	5	5	5	Density	Sessile	Invert_Clay	Invert_Biogenic	Invert	Y	Bivalves	Bivalve	Crassostrea sikema	Crassostrea sikamea	Crassostrea		60x11cm	0.0001	Y	Bag	mixed	OystervsBrick	Shell_oyster	Biogenic_oyster	Biogenic_Clay	Biogenic	Brick fragments	Clay	Clay_brick	Clay	Na	intertidal	Final	36.000000	29.64	121.83	China	harbour	Harbour	sheltered	Significant - substrates were all pieces and biogenic can be included.	Figure 4
Quanetal2017	2017	0.1028600	0.0298806	0.1207980	0.0398400	5	5	5	Density	Sessile	Invert_Clay	Invert_Rock	Invert	Y	Bivalves	Bivalve	Crassostrea sikema	Crassostrea sikamea	Crassostrea		60x11cm	0.0001	Y	Bag	mixed	LimestonevsBrick	Limestone	Rock_limestone	Rock_Clay	Rock	Brick fragments	Clay	Clay_brick	Clay	Na	intertidal	Final	36.000000	29.64	121.83	China	harbour	Harbour	sheltered	Significant - substrates were all pieces and biogenic can be included.	Figure 4
Quanetal2017	2017	43.0000000	11.4039467	38.6000000	10.9567331	5	5	5	Density	Benthic	Benthic_Clay	Benthic_Biogenic	Benthic	N							60x11cm	0.066	Y	Bag	mixed	OystervsBrick	Shell_oyster	Biogenic_oyster	Biogenic_Clay	Biogenic	Brick fragments	Clay	Clay_brick	Clay	Na	intertidal	Final	36.000000	29.64	121.83	China	harbour	Harbour	sheltered	Significant - substrates were all pieces and biogenic can be included.	Table 4
Quanetal2017	2017	52.6000000	21.2426458	38.6000000	10.9567331	5	5	5	Density	Benthic	Benthic_Clay	Benthic_Rock	Benthic	N							60x11cm	0.066	Y	Bag	mixed	LimestonevsBrick	Limestone	Rock_limestone	Rock_Clay	Rock	Brick fragments	Clay	Clay_brick	Clay	Na	intertidal	Final	36.000000	29.64	121.83	China	harbour	Harbour	sheltered	Significant - substrates were all pieces and biogenic can be included.	Table 4
Quanetal2017	2017	71.6000000	62.3862966	38.6000000	10.9567331	5	5	5	Density	Benthic	Benthic_Clay	Benthic_Biogenic	Benthic	N							60x11cm	0.066	Y	Bag	mixed	ClamvsBrick	Shell_clam	Biogenic_clam	Biogenic_Clay	Biogenic	Brick fragments	Clay	Clay_brick	Clay	Na	intertidal	Final	36.000000	29.64	121.83	China	harbour	Harbour	sheltered	Significant - substrates were all pieces and biogenic can be included.	Table 4
Chapman & Clynick 2006	2006	11.0000000	NA	10.0000000	NA	1	1	1	Richness	Fish	Fish_Polymer	Fish_Wood	Fish	N		Fish	all				1.5mx1.5mx0.8m	NA	Y	Reef	Mixed (vertical and horizontal)	woodvstyre	Wood	Wood_unclassified	Wood_Polymer	Wood	Rubber	Polymer_rubber	Polymer_rubber	Polymer	6 m	subtidal	NA	13.000000	-33.85	151.54	Australia	Sydney harbour	Reef	Sheltered	Significant	Figure6	Replicates - Fish are counted over the whole reef, no quadrats used.. All replicates for each substrate have been summed (not averaged), therefore the replicate for the mean and control in this case is 1. Size of sampled area in m2 - this is NA as the area above each reef was included too.
Chapman & Clynick 2006	2006	12.0000000	NA	9.0000000	NA	1	1	1	Richness	Fish	Fish_Metal	Fish_Rock	Fish	N		Fish	all				1.5mx1.5mx0.8m	NA	Y	Reef	Mixed (vertical and horizontal)	rockvstyre	Rock	Rock_unclassified	Rock_Metal	Rock	Metal	Metal_unclassified	Metal_unclassified	Metal	6 m	subtidal	NA	13.000000	-33.85	151.54	Australia	Sydney harbour	Reef	Sheltered	Significant	Figure6	Replicates - Fish are counted over the whole reef, no quadrats used.. All replicates for each substrate have been summed (not averaged), therefore the replicate for the mean and control in this case is 1. Size of sampled area in m2 - this is NA as the area above each reef was included too.
Reed 2005	2005	4.9645400	13.0388511	3.5461000	8.0239083	8	8	8	Cover	Sessile	Algae_Concrete	Algae_Rock	Algae	N		Algae	Understorey algae				1500m2	1	Y	Reef	mixed	ConcreteMedvsRock	Rock	Rock_unclassified	Rock_Concrete	Rock	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	n/a	subtidal	Final	60.000000	33.425076	-117.629032	USA	North pacific	Reef_med	Exposed	Experiment over 5 years in total 2000-2004, San Mateo (SM) and Barn (B) reefs used as natural reef controls	FigIII.D.1
Chapman & Clynick 2006	2006	11.0000000	NA	9.0000000	NA	1	1	1	Richness	Fish	Fish_Metal	Fish_Wood	Fish	N		Fish	all				1.5mx1.5mx0.8m	NA	Y	Reef	Mixed (vertical and horizontal)	woodvsmetal	Wood	Wood_unclassified	Wood_Metal	Wood	Metal	Metal_unclassified	Metal_unclassified	Metal	6 m	subtidal	NA	13.000000	-33.85	151.54	Australia	Sydney harbour	Reef	Sheltered	Significant	Figure6	Replicates - Fish are counted over the whole reef, no quadrats used.. All replicates for each substrate have been summed (not averaged), therefore the replicate for the mean and control in this case is 1. Size of sampled area in m2 - this is NA as the area above each reef was included too.
Reed 2005	2005	8.1560300	17.0508052	2.8368800	6.0179313	8	8	8	Cover	Sessile	Algae_Concrete	Algae_Rock	Algae	N		Algae	Understorey algae				1500m2	1	Y	Reef	mixed	ConcreteLowvsRock	Rock	Rock_unclassified	Rock_Concrete	Rock	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	n/a	subtidal	Final	60.000000	33.425076	-117.629032	USA	North pacific	Reef_low	Exposed	Experiment over 5 years in total 2000-2004, San Mateo (SM) and Barn (B) reefs used as natural reef controls	FigIII.D.1
Reed 2005	2005	9.2198600	17.0507204	6.0283700	7.0209198	8	8	8	Cover	Sessile	Algae_Concrete	Algae_Rock	Algae	N		Algae	Understorey algae				1500m2	1	Y	Reef	mixed	ConcreteHighvsRock	Rock	Rock_unclassified	Rock_Concrete	Rock	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	n/a	subtidal	Final	60.000000	33.425076	-117.629032	USA	North pacific	Reef_high	Exposed	Experiment over 5 years in total 2000-2004, San Mateo (SM) and Barn (B) reefs used as natural reef controls	FigIII.D.1
Reed 2005	2005	0.8421050	3.9697116	2.3157900	4.7636652	8	8	8	Density	Sessile	Algae_Concrete	Algae_Rock	Algae	N		Algae	Understorey algae				1500m2	1	Y	Reef	mixed	ConcreteHighvsRock	Rock_quarried rock	Rock_unclassified	Rock_Concrete	Rock	Concrete_recycled rubble	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	n/a	subtidal	Final	60.000000	33.425076	-117.629032	USA	North pacific	Reef_high	Exposed	Experiment over 5 years in total 2000-2004, San Mateo (SM) and Barn (B) reefs used as natural reef controls	FigIII.D.1
Reed 2005	2005	1.1228100	2.0000000	0.2105260	1.5000000	8	8	8	Density	Sessile	Algae_Concrete	Algae_Rock	Algae	N		Algae	Understorey algae				1500m2	1	Y	Reef	mixed	ConcreteMedvsRock	Rock_quarried rock	Rock_unclassified	Rock_Concrete	Rock	Concrete_recycled rubble	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	n/a	subtidal	Final	60.000000	33.425076	-117.629032	USA	North pacific	Reef_med	Exposed	Experiment over 5 years in total 2000-2004, San Mateo (SM) and Barn (B) reefs used as natural reef controls	FigIII.D.1
Reed 2005	2005	3.7894700	6.1530735	0.4210530	3.1757778	8	8	8	Density	Sessile	Algae_Concrete	Algae_Rock	Algae	N		Algae	Understorey algae				1500m2	1	Y	Reef	mixed	ConcreteLowvsRock	Rock_quarried rock	Rock_unclassified	Rock_Concrete	Rock	Concrete_recycled rubble	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	n/a	subtidal	Final	60.000000	33.425076	-117.629032	USA	North pacific	Reef_low	Exposed	Experiment over 5 years in total 2000-2004, San Mateo (SM) and Barn (B) reefs used as natural reef controls	FigIII.D.1
Reed 2005	2005	14.2857000	4.9732234	15.6044000	4.3515351	8	8	8	Density	Sessile	Algae_Concrete	Algae_Rock	Algae	Y	Canopy_Algae	Canopy	Macrocystis	Macrocystis	Macrocystis		1500m2	100	Y	Reef	mixed	ConcreteLowvsRock	Rock_quarried rock	Rock_unclassified	Rock_Concrete	Rock	Concrete_recycled rubble	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	n/a	subtidal	Final	60.000000	33.425076	-117.629032	USA	North pacific	Reef_low	Exposed	Experiment over 5 years in total 2000-2004, San Mateo (SM) and Barn (B) reefs used as natural reef controls	FigIII.B.4
Reed 2005	2005	17.3626000	3.7298468	16.4835000	6.2163171	8	8	8	Density	Sessile	Algae_Concrete	Algae_Rock	Algae	Y	Canopy_Algae	Canopy	Macrocystis	Macrocystis	Macrocystis		1500m2	100	Y	Reef	mixed	ConcreteMedvsRock	Rock_quarried rock	Rock_unclassified	Rock_Concrete	Rock	Concrete_recycled rubble	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	n/a	subtidal	Final	60.000000	33.425076	-117.629032	USA	North pacific	Reef_med	Exposed	Experiment over 5 years in total 2000-2004, San Mateo (SM) and Barn (B) reefs used as natural reef controls	FigIII.B.4
Reed 2005	2005	18.4615000	3.1081586	17.8022000	3.7298468	8	8	8	Density	Sessile	Algae_Concrete	Algae_Rock	Algae	Y	Canopy_Algae	Canopy	Macrocystis	Macrocystis	Macrocystis		1500m2	100	Y	Reef	mixed	ConcreteHighvsRock	Rock_quarried rock	Rock_unclassified	Rock_Concrete	Rock	Concrete_recycled rubble	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	n/a	subtidal	Final	60.000000	33.425076	-117.629032	USA	North pacific	Reef_high	Exposed	Experiment over 5 years in total 2000-2004, San Mateo (SM) and Barn (B) reefs used as natural reef controls	FigIII.B.4
Anderson & Underwood 1994	1994	5.4773200	1.5073670	7.7968400	2.3995691	6	6	6	Richness	Sessile	Sessile_Polymer	Sessile_Wood	Sessile	N		Sessile	All				10 x 10 cm	0.01	Y	Tiles	Downward facing	plywoodvsfiberglass	plywood	Wood_plywood	Wood_Polymer	Wood	Fibreglass	Polymer_fibreglass	Polymer_fibreglass	Polymer	low	Intertidal	Final	12.000000	-34.01666667	151.1833333	Australia	Tasman	Exp 1-Jan deployment 12	Sheltered	Significant	Fig 3
Anderson & Underwood 1994	1994	5.4773200	1.5073670	7.5400000	1.0462506	6	6	6	Richness	Sessile	Sessile_Metal	Sessile_Wood	Sessile	N		Sessile	All				10 x 10 cm	0.01	Y	Tiles	Downward facing	plywoodvsaluminim	plywood	Wood_plywood	Wood_Metal	Wood	Aluminium	Metal_aluminium	Metal_aluminium	Metal	low	Intertidal	Final	12.000000	-34.01666667	151.1833333	Australia	Tasman	Exp 1-Jan deployment 12	Sheltered	Significant	Fig 3
Reed 2005	2005	570.2700000	54.5400000	538.2100000	69.6900000	8	8	8	Density	Fish	Fish_Concrete	Fish_Rock	Fish	N		Fish	All				1500m2	160	Y	Reef	mixed	ConcreteLowvsRock	Rock_quarried rock	Rock_unclassified	Rock_Concrete	Rock	Concrete_recycled rubble	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	n/a	subtidal	Final	60.000000	33.425076	-117.629032	USA	North pacific	Reef_low	Exposed	Experiment over 5 years in total 2000-2004, San Mateo (SM) and Barn (B) reefs used as natural reef controls	FigIII.c.2
Reed 2005	2005	624.8100000	3.0300000	695.7600000	45.4400000	8	8	8	Density	Fish	Fish_Concrete	Fish_Rock	Fish	N		Fish	All				1500m2	160	Y	Reef	mixed	ConcreteMedvsRock	Rock_quarried rock	Rock_unclassified	Rock_Concrete	Rock	Concrete_recycled rubble	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	n/a	subtidal	Final	60.000000	33.425076	-117.629032	USA	North pacific	Reef_med	Exposed	Experiment over 5 years in total 2000-2004, San Mateo (SM) and Barn (B) reefs used as natural reef controls	FigIII.c.2
Reed 2005	2005	624.8100000	3.0300000	695.7600000	45.4400000	8	8	8	Density	Fish	Fish_Concrete	Fish_Rock	Fish	N		Fish	All				1500m2	160	Y	Reef	mixed	ConcreteHighvsRock	Rock_quarried rock	Rock_unclassified	Rock_Concrete	Rock	Concrete_recycled rubble	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	n/a	subtidal	Final	60.000000	33.425076	-117.629032	USA	North pacific	Reef_high	Exposed	Experiment over 5 years in total 2000-2004, San Mateo (SM) and Barn (B) reefs used as natural reef controls	FigIII.c.2
Anderson & Underwood 1994	1994	9.6469400	2.0099533	7.0197200	1.7634367	6	6	6	Richness	Sessile	Sessile_Concrete	Sessile_Wood	Sessile	N		Sessile	All				10 x 10 cm	0.01	Y	Tiles	Downward facing	plywoodvsconcrete	plywood	Wood_plywood	Wood_Concrete	Wood	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	low	Intertidal	Final	4.000000	-34.01666667	151.1833333	Australia	Tasman	Exp 1-Jan deployment 4	Sheltered	Not Measured	Fig 3
Anderson & Underwood 1994	1994	9.6469400	2.0099533	7.0037300	1.6200925	6	6	6	Richness	Sessile	Sessile_Metal	Sessile_Wood	Sessile	N		Sessile	All				10 x 10 cm	0.01	Y	Tiles	Downward facing	plywoodvsaluminim	plywood	Wood_plywood	Wood_Metal	Wood	Aluminium	Metal_aluminium	Metal_aluminium	Metal	low	Intertidal	Final	4.000000	-34.01666667	151.1833333	Australia	Tasman	Exp 1-Jan deployment 4	Sheltered	Not Measured	Fig 3
Anderson & Underwood 1994	1994	9.6469400	2.0099533	6.9127800	2.1757103	6	6	6	Richness	Sessile	Sessile_Polymer	Sessile_Wood	Sessile	N		Sessile	All				10 x 10 cm	0.01	Y	Tiles	Downward facing	plywoodvsfiberglass	plywood	Wood_plywood	Wood_Polymer	Wood	Fibreglass	Polymer_fibreglass	Polymer_fibreglass	Polymer	low	Intertidal	Final	4.000000	-34.01666667	151.1833333	Australia	Tasman	Exp 1-Jan deployment 4	Sheltered	Not Measured	Fig 3
Reed 2005	2005	44.8399000	9.6627556	44.4128000	10.8707768	8	8	8	Cover	Sessile	Invert_Concrete	Invert_Rock	Invert	N		Invertebrates	All				1500m2		Y	Reef	mixed	ConcreteLowvsRock	Rock	Rock_unclassified	Rock_Concrete	Rock	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	n/a	subtidal	Final	60.000000	33.425076	-117.629032	USA	North pacific	Reef_low	Exposed	Experiment over 5 years in total 2000-2004, San Mateo (SM) and Barn (B) reefs used as natural reef controls	FigIII.D.9
Reed 2005	2005	68.3274000	10.8707768	62.3488000	12.0785152	8	8	8	Cover	Sessile	Invert_Concrete	Invert_Rock	Invert	N		Invertebrates	All				1500m2		Y	Reef	mixed	ConcreteMedvsRock	Rock	Rock_unclassified	Rock_Concrete	Rock	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	n/a	subtidal	Final	60.000000	33.425076	-117.629032	USA	North pacific	Reef_med	Exposed	Experiment over 5 years in total 2000-2004, San Mateo (SM) and Barn (B) reefs used as natural reef controls	FigIII.D.9
Reed 2005	2005	81.9929000	18.1180556	75.1601000	19.3260769	8	8	8	Cover	Sessile	Invert_Concrete	Invert_Rock	Invert	N		Invertebrates	All				1500m2		Y	Reef	mixed	ConcreteHighvsRock	Rock	Rock_unclassified	Rock_Concrete	Rock	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	n/a	subtidal	Final	60.000000	33.425076	-117.629032	USA	North pacific	Reef_high	Exposed	Experiment over 5 years in total 2000-2004, San Mateo (SM) and Barn (B) reefs used as natural reef controls	FigIII.D.9
Reed 2005	2005	111.0320000	21.1368359	104.6260000	57.3746442	8	8	8	Density	Sessile	Invert_Concrete	Invert_Rock	Invert	N		Invertebrates	All				1500m2	1	Y	Reef	mixed	ConcreteLowvsRock	Rock_quarried rock	Rock_unclassified	Rock_Concrete	Rock	Concrete_recycled rubble	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	n/a	subtidal	Final	60.000000	33.425076	-117.629032	USA	North pacific	Reef_low	Exposed	Experiment over 5 years in total 2000-2004, San Mateo (SM) and Barn (B) reefs used as natural reef controls	FigIII.D.9
Reed 2005	2005	120.6410000	45.2944320	152.6690000	42.2765002	8	8	8	Density	Sessile	Invert_Concrete	Invert_Rock	Invert	N		Invertebrates	All				1500m2	1	Y	Reef	mixed	ConcreteMedvsRock	Rock_quarried rock	Rock_unclassified	Rock_Concrete	Rock	Concrete_recycled rubble	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	n/a	subtidal	Final	60.000000	33.425076	-117.629032	USA	North pacific	Reef_med	Exposed	Experiment over 5 years in total 2000-2004, San Mateo (SM) and Barn (B) reefs used as natural reef controls	FigIII.D.9
Reed 2005	2005	199.6440000	87.5709322	178.2920000	96.6303843	8	8	8	Density	Sessile	Invert_Concrete	Invert_Rock	Invert	N		Invertebrates	All				1500m2	1	Y	Reef	mixed	ConcreteHighvsRock	Rock_quarried rock	Rock_unclassified	Rock_Concrete	Rock	Concrete_recycled rubble	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	n/a	subtidal	Final	60.000000	33.425076	-117.629032	USA	North pacific	Reef_high	Exposed	Experiment over 5 years in total 2000-2004, San Mateo (SM) and Barn (B) reefs used as natural reef controls	FigIII.D.9
Reid et al 2015	2015	0.0000000	0.0000000	0.0000000	0.0000000	2	4	2	Cover	Sessile	Algae_Clay	Algae_Rock	Algae	N		Algae	All				11x11cm	0.0121	Y	Tile	Parallel to shoreline (vertical or slanted)	slatevsceramic	Slate	Rock_slate	Rock_Clay	Rock	Ceramic_unglazed	Clay	Clay_unglazed	Clay		subtidal	Final	2.000000	40.6683	74.0455	USA - Harlem River Park	North Atlantic	Gabion	Exposed/sheltered	HarlemRiverPark	Table 5 onwards - tables only	Only settlement plates from the full 2 month deployment can be considered. All plated deployed sub tidally. But on different ‘background’ substrates (seawalls vs gabions), this is considered OK, as we’re looking for overall trends in colonisation of materials, and can take background substrate into account if needed. No mobile spp data can be included from this study as the results were from complete settlement structures including multiple materials, all grouped together. Replicates varied across sites and settlement plate material.
Reid et al 2015	2015	2.5000000	2.5000000	46.5000000	46.5000000	2	3	2	Cover	Sessile	Algae_Clay	Algae_Rock	Algae	N		Algae	All				11x11cm	0.0121	Y	Tile	Parallel to shoreline (vertical or slanted)	CeramicvsArylic	Slate	Rock_slate	Rock_Clay	Rock	Ceramic_unglazed	Clay	Clay_unglazed	Clay		subtidal	Final	2.000000	40.6683	74.0455	USA - Harlem River Park	North Atlantic	Seawalls	Exposed/sheltered	HarlemRiverPark	Table 5 onwards - tables only	Only settlement plates from the full 2 month deployment can be considered. All plated deployed sub tidally. But on different ‘background’ substrates (seawalls vs gabions), this is considered OK, as we’re looking for overall trends in colonisation of materials, and can take background substrate into account if needed. No mobile spp data can be included from this study as the results were from complete settlement structures including multiple materials, all grouped together. Replicates varied across sites and settlement plate material.
Reid et al 2015	2015	58.5000000	8.7000000	43.5000000	19.1000000	4	5	4	Cover	Sessile	Algae_Clay	Algae_Rock	Algae	N		Algae	All				11x11cm	0.0121	Y	Tile	Parallel to shoreline (vertical or slanted)	slatevsceramic	Slate	Rock_slate	Rock_Clay	Rock	Ceramic_unglazed	Clay	Clay_unglazed	Clay		subtidal	Final	2.000000	40.6683	74.0455	USA - Liberty State Park	North Atlantic	Riprap	Exposed/sheltered	Significant	Table 5 onwards - tables only	Only settlement plates from the full 2 month deployment can be considered. All plated deployed sub tidally. But on different ‘background’ substrates (seawalls vs gabions), this is considered OK, as we’re looking for overall trends in colonisation of materials, and can take background substrate into account if needed. No mobile spp data can be included from this study as the results were from complete settlement structures including multiple materials, all grouped together. Replicates varied across sites and settlement plate material.
Reid et al 2015	2015	18.2000000	13.9000000	11.0000000	6.0000000	5	5	5	Cover	Sessile	Algae_Clay	Algae_Rock	Algae	N		Algae	All				11x11cm	0.0121	Y	Tile	Parallel to shoreline (vertical or slanted)	slatevsceramic	Slate	Rock_slate	Rock_Clay	Rock	Ceramic_unglazed	Clay	Clay_unglazed	Clay		subtidal	Final	2.000000	40.6683	74.0455	USA - Liberty State Park	North Atlantic	Seawalls	Exposed/sheltered	Significant	Table 5 onwards - tables only	Only settlement plates from the full 2 month deployment can be considered. All plated deployed sub tidally. But on different ‘background’ substrates (seawalls vs gabions), this is considered OK, as we’re looking for overall trends in colonisation of materials, and can take background substrate into account if needed. No mobile spp data can be included from this study as the results were from complete settlement structures including multiple materials, all grouped together. Replicates varied across sites and settlement plate material.
Reid et al 2015	2015	97.6000000	0.9000000	96.3000000	2.3000000	4	5	4	Cover	Sessile	Algae_Clay	Algae_Rock	Algae	N		Algae	All				11x11cm	0.0121	Y	Tile	Parallel to shoreline (vertical or slanted)	slatevsceramic	Slate	Rock_slate	Rock_Clay	Rock	Ceramic_unglazed	Clay	Clay_unglazed	Clay		subtidal	Final	2.000000	40.6683	74.0455	USA - West Harlem Piers	North Atlantic	Seawalls	Exposed/sheltered	Significant	Table 5 onwards - tables only	Only settlement plates from the full 2 month deployment can be considered. All plated deployed sub tidally. But on different ‘background’ substrates (seawalls vs gabions), this is considered OK, as we’re looking for overall trends in colonisation of materials, and can take background substrate into account if needed. No mobile spp data can be included from this study as the results were from complete settlement structures including multiple materials, all grouped together. Replicates varied across sites and settlement plate material.
Reid et al 2015	2015	0.0000000	0.0000000	73.0000000	24.4000000	2	4	2	Cover	Sessile	Algae_Polymer	Algae_Rock	Algae	N		Algae	All				11x11cm	0.0121	Y	Tile	Parallel to shoreline (vertical or slanted)	SlatevsArylic	Slate	Rock_slate	Rock_Polymer	Rock	Acrylic	Polymer_mix	Polymer_mix	Polymer		subtidal	Final	2.000000	40.6683	74.0455	USA - Harlem River Park	North Atlantic	Gabion	Exposed/sheltered	Significant	Table 5 onwards - tables only	Only settlement plates from the full 2 month deployment can be considered. All plated deployed sub tidally. But on different ‘background’ substrates (seawalls vs gabions), this is considered OK, as we’re looking for overall trends in colonisation of materials, and can take background substrate into account if needed. No mobile spp data can be included from this study as the results were from complete settlement structures including multiple materials, all grouped together. Replicates varied across sites and settlement plate material.
Reid et al 2015	2015	2.5000000	2.5000000	29.0000000	29.0000000	2	3	2	Cover	Sessile	Algae_Polymer	Algae_Rock	Algae	N		Algae	All				11x11cm	0.0121	Y	Tile	Parallel to shoreline (vertical or slanted)	SlatevsArylic	Slate	Rock_slate	Rock_Polymer	Rock	Acrylic	Polymer_mix	Polymer_mix	Polymer		subtidal	Final	2.000000	40.6683	74.0455	USA - Harlem River Park	North Atlantic	Seawalls	Exposed/sheltered	Significant	Table 5 onwards - tables only	Only settlement plates from the full 2 month deployment can be considered. All plated deployed sub tidally. But on different ‘background’ substrates (seawalls vs gabions), this is considered OK, as we’re looking for overall trends in colonisation of materials, and can take background substrate into account if needed. No mobile spp data can be included from this study as the results were from complete settlement structures including multiple materials, all grouped together. Replicates varied across sites and settlement plate material.
Reid et al 2015	2015	58.5000000	8.7000000	56.0000000	5.5000000	4	5	4	Cover	Sessile	Algae_Polymer	Algae_Rock	Algae	N		Algae	All				11x11cm	0.0121	Y	Tile	Parallel to shoreline (vertical or slanted)	SlatevsArylic	Slate	Rock_slate	Rock_Polymer	Rock	Acrylic	Polymer_mix	Polymer_mix	Polymer		subtidal	Final	2.000000	40.6683	74.0455	USA - Liberty State Park	North Atlantic	Riprap	Exposed/sheltered	Significant	Table 5 onwards - tables only	Only settlement plates from the full 2 month deployment can be considered. All plated deployed sub tidally. But on different ‘background’ substrates (seawalls vs gabions), this is considered OK, as we’re looking for overall trends in colonisation of materials, and can take background substrate into account if needed. No mobile spp data can be included from this study as the results were from complete settlement structures including multiple materials, all grouped together. Replicates varied across sites and settlement plate material.
Reid et al 2015	2015	18.2000000	13.9000000	9.6000000	8.4000000	5	5	5	Cover	Sessile	Algae_Polymer	Algae_Rock	Algae	N		Algae	All				11x11cm	0.0121	Y	Tile	Parallel to shoreline (vertical or slanted)	SlatevsArylic	Slate	Rock_slate	Rock_Polymer	Rock	Acrylic	Polymer_mix	Polymer_mix	Polymer		subtidal	Final	2.000000	40.6683	74.0455	USA - Liberty State Park	North Atlantic	Seawalls	Exposed/sheltered	Significant	Table 5 onwards - tables only	Only settlement plates from the full 2 month deployment can be considered. All plated deployed sub tidally. But on different ‘background’ substrates (seawalls vs gabions), this is considered OK, as we’re looking for overall trends in colonisation of materials, and can take background substrate into account if needed. No mobile spp data can be included from this study as the results were from complete settlement structures including multiple materials, all grouped together. Replicates varied across sites and settlement plate material.
Reid et al 2015	2015	97.6000000	0.9000000	90.2000000	3.8000000	5	3	3	Cover	Sessile	Algae_Polymer	Algae_Rock	Algae	N		Algae	All				11x11cm	0.0121	Y	Tile	Parallel to shoreline (vertical or slanted)	SlatevsArylic	Slate	Rock_slate	Rock_Polymer	Rock	Acrylic	Polymer_mix	Polymer_mix	Polymer		subtidal	Final	2.000000	40.6683	74.0455	USA - West Harlem Piers	North Atlantic	Seawalls	Exposed/sheltered	Significant	Table 5 onwards - tables only	Only settlement plates from the full 2 month deployment can be considered. All plated deployed sub tidally. But on different ‘background’ substrates (seawalls vs gabions), this is considered OK, as we’re looking for overall trends in colonisation of materials, and can take background substrate into account if needed. No mobile spp data can be included from this study as the results were from complete settlement structures including multiple materials, all grouped together. Replicates varied across sites and settlement plate material.
Reid et al 2015	2015	28.7000000	0.3000000	73.0000000	24.4000000	3	4	3	Cover	Sessile	Algae_Polymer	Algae_Wood	Algae	N		Algae	All				11x11cm	0.0121	Y	Tile	Parallel to shoreline (vertical or slanted)	WoodvsArylic	Wood	Wood_unclassified	Wood_Polymer	Wood	Acrylic	Polymer_mix	Polymer_mix	Polymer		subtidal	Final	2.000000	40.6683	74.0455	USA - Harlem River Park	North Atlantic	Gabion	Exposed/sheltered	Significant	Table 5 onwards - tables only	Only settlement plates from the full 2 month deployment can be considered. All plated deployed sub tidally. But on different ‘background’ substrates (seawalls vs gabions), this is considered OK, as we’re looking for overall trends in colonisation of materials, and can take background substrate into account if needed. No mobile spp data can be included from this study as the results were from complete settlement structures including multiple materials, all grouped together. Replicates varied across sites and settlement plate material.
Reid et al 2015	2015	0.0000000	0.0000000	29.0000000	29.0000000	3	3	3	Cover	Sessile	Algae_Polymer	Algae_Wood	Algae	N		Algae	All				11x11cm	0.0121	Y	Tile	Parallel to shoreline (vertical or slanted)	WoodvsArylic	Wood	Wood_unclassified	Wood_Polymer	Wood	Acrylic	Polymer_mix	Polymer_mix	Polymer		subtidal	Final	2.000000	40.6683	74.0455	USA - Harlem River Park	North Atlantic	Seawalls	Exposed/sheltered	Significant	Table 5 onwards - tables only	Only settlement plates from the full 2 month deployment can be considered. All plated deployed sub tidally. But on different ‘background’ substrates (seawalls vs gabions), this is considered OK, as we’re looking for overall trends in colonisation of materials, and can take background substrate into account if needed. No mobile spp data can be included from this study as the results were from complete settlement structures including multiple materials, all grouped together. Replicates varied across sites and settlement plate material.
Reid et al 2015	2015	2.0000000	2.0000000	7.3000000	7.3000000	3	5	3	Cover	Sessile	Algae_Polymer	Algae_Wood	Algae	N		Algae	All				11x11cm	0.0121	Y	Tile	Parallel to shoreline (vertical or slanted)	WoodvsArylic	Wood	Wood_unclassified	Wood_Polymer	Wood	Acrylic	Polymer_mix	Polymer_mix	Polymer		subtidal	Final	2.000000	40.6683	74.0455	USA - West Harlem Piers	North Atlantic	Riprap	Exposed/sheltered	Significant	Table 5 onwards - tables only	Only settlement plates from the full 2 month deployment can be considered. All plated deployed sub tidally. But on different ‘background’ substrates (seawalls vs gabions), this is considered OK, as we’re looking for overall trends in colonisation of materials, and can take background substrate into account if needed. No mobile spp data can be included from this study as the results were from complete settlement structures including multiple materials, all grouped together. Replicates varied across sites and settlement plate material.
Reid et al 2015	2015	73.8000000	18.6000000	90.2000000	3.8000000	5	5	5	Cover	Sessile	Algae_Polymer	Algae_Wood	Algae	N		Algae	All				11x11cm	0.0121	Y	Tile	Parallel to shoreline (vertical or slanted)	WoodvsArylic	Wood	Wood_unclassified	Wood_Polymer	Wood	Acrylic	Polymer_mix	Polymer_mix	Polymer		subtidal	Final	2.000000	40.6683	74.0455	USA - West Harlem Piers	North Atlantic	Seawalls	Exposed/sheltered	Significant	Table 5 onwards - tables only	Only settlement plates from the full 2 month deployment can be considered. All plated deployed sub tidally. But on different ‘background’ substrates (seawalls vs gabions), this is considered OK, as we’re looking for overall trends in colonisation of materials, and can take background substrate into account if needed. No mobile spp data can be included from this study as the results were from complete settlement structures including multiple materials, all grouped together. Replicates varied across sites and settlement plate material.
Reid et al 2015	2015	28.7000000	0.3000000	0.0000000	0.0000000	2	4	2	Cover	Sessile	Algae_Clay	Algae_Wood	Algae	N		Algae	All				11x11cm	0.0121	Y	Tile	Parallel to shoreline (vertical or slanted)	woodvsceramic	Wood	Wood_unclassified	Wood_Clay	Wood	Ceramic_unglazed	Clay	Clay_unglazed	Clay		subtidal	Final	2.000000	40.6683	74.0455	USA - Harlem River Park	North Atlantic	Gabion	Exposed/sheltered	HarlemRiverPark	Table 5 onwards - tables only	Only settlement plates from the full 2 month deployment can be considered. All plated deployed sub tidally. But on different ‘background’ substrates (seawalls vs gabions), this is considered OK, as we’re looking for overall trends in colonisation of materials, and can take background substrate into account if needed. No mobile spp data can be included from this study as the results were from complete settlement structures including multiple materials, all grouped together. Replicates varied across sites and settlement plate material.
Reid et al 2015	2015	0.0000000	0.0000000	46.5000000	46.5000000	2	3	2	Cover	Sessile	Algae_Clay	Algae_Wood	Algae	N		Algae	All				11x11cm	0.0121	Y	Tile	Parallel to shoreline (vertical or slanted)	woodvsceramic	Wood	Wood_unclassified	Wood_Clay	Wood	Ceramic_unglazed	Clay	Clay_unglazed	Clay		subtidal	Final	2.000000	40.6683	74.0455	USA - Harlem River Park	North Atlantic	Seawalls	Exposed/sheltered	HarlemRiverPark	Table 5 onwards - tables only	Only settlement plates from the full 2 month deployment can be considered. All plated deployed sub tidally. But on different ‘background’ substrates (seawalls vs gabions), this is considered OK, as we’re looking for overall trends in colonisation of materials, and can take background substrate into account if needed. No mobile spp data can be included from this study as the results were from complete settlement structures including multiple materials, all grouped together. Replicates varied across sites and settlement plate material.
Reid et al 2015	2015	2.0000000	2.0000000	15.0000000	9.6000000	3	3	3	Cover	Sessile	Algae_Clay	Algae_Wood	Algae	N		Algae	All				11x11cm	0.0121	Y	Tile	Parallel to shoreline (vertical or slanted)	woodvsceramic	Wood	Wood_unclassified	Wood_Clay	Wood	Ceramic_unglazed	Clay	Clay_unglazed	Clay		subtidal	Final	2.000000	40.6683	74.0455	USA - West Harlem Piers	North Atlantic	Riprap	Exposed/sheltered	Significant	Table 5 onwards - tables only	Only settlement plates from the full 2 month deployment can be considered. All plated deployed sub tidally. But on different ‘background’ substrates (seawalls vs gabions), this is considered OK, as we’re looking for overall trends in colonisation of materials, and can take background substrate into account if needed. No mobile spp data can be included from this study as the results were from complete settlement structures including multiple materials, all grouped together. Replicates varied across sites and settlement plate material.
Reid et al 2015	2015	73.8000000	18.6000000	96.3000000	2.3000000	4	5	4	Cover	Sessile	Algae_Clay	Algae_Wood	Algae	N		Algae	All				11x11cm	0.0121	Y	Tile	Parallel to shoreline (vertical or slanted)	CeramicvsArylic	Wood	Wood_unclassified	Wood_Clay	Wood	Ceramic_unglazed	Clay	Clay_unglazed	Clay		subtidal	Final	2.000000	40.6683	74.0455	USA - West Harlem Piers	North Atlantic	Seawalls	Exposed/sheltered	Significant	Table 5 onwards - tables only	Only settlement plates from the full 2 month deployment can be considered. All plated deployed sub tidally. But on different ‘background’ substrates (seawalls vs gabions), this is considered OK, as we’re looking for overall trends in colonisation of materials, and can take background substrate into account if needed. No mobile spp data can be included from this study as the results were from complete settlement structures including multiple materials, all grouped together. Replicates varied across sites and settlement plate material.
Reid et al 2015	2015	1.5000000	1.5000000	2.5000000	0.5000000	2	4	2	Cover	Sessile	Invert_Clay	Invert_Rock	Invert	N		Invertebrates	All				11x11cm	0.0121	Y	Tile	Parallel to shoreline (vertical or slanted)	CeramicvsArylic	Slate	Rock_slate	Rock_Clay	Rock	Ceramic_unglazed	Clay	Clay_unglazed	Clay		subtidal	Final	2.000000	40.6683	74.0455	USA - Harlem River Park	North Atlantic	Gabion	Exposed/sheltered	HarlemRiverPark	Table 5 onwards - tables only	Only settlement plates from the full 2 month deployment can be considered. All plated deployed sub tidally. But on different ‘background’ substrates (seawalls vs gabions), this is considered OK, as we’re looking for overall trends in colonisation of materials, and can take background substrate into account if needed. No mobile spp data can be included from this study as the results were from complete settlement structures including multiple materials, all grouped together. Replicates varied across sites and settlement plate material.
Reid et al 2015	2015	1.5000000	1.5000000	0.0000000	0.0000000	2	3	2	Cover	Sessile	Invert_Clay	Invert_Rock	Invert	N		Invertebrates	All				11x11cm	0.0121	Y	Tile	Parallel to shoreline (vertical or slanted)	CeramicvsArylic	Slate	Rock_slate	Rock_Clay	Rock	Ceramic_unglazed	Clay	Clay_unglazed	Clay		subtidal	Final	2.000000	40.6683	74.0455	USA - Harlem River Park	North Atlantic	Seawalls	Exposed/sheltered	HarlemRiverPark	Table 5 onwards - tables only	Only settlement plates from the full 2 month deployment can be considered. All plated deployed sub tidally. But on different ‘background’ substrates (seawalls vs gabions), this is considered OK, as we’re looking for overall trends in colonisation of materials, and can take background substrate into account if needed. No mobile spp data can be included from this study as the results were from complete settlement structures including multiple materials, all grouped together. Replicates varied across sites and settlement plate material.
Reid et al 2015	2015	25.5000000	9.5000000	15.5000000	4.7000000	4	5	4	Cover	Sessile	Invert_Clay	Invert_Rock	Invert	N		Invertebrates	All				11x11cm	0.0121	Y	Tile	Parallel to shoreline (vertical or slanted)	slatevsceramic	Slate	Rock_slate	Rock_Clay	Rock	Ceramic_unglazed	Clay	Clay_unglazed	Clay		subtidal	Final	2.000000	40.6683	74.0455	USA - Liberty State Park	North Atlantic	Riprap	Exposed/sheltered	Significant	Table 5 onwards - tables only	Only settlement plates from the full 2 month deployment can be considered. All plated deployed sub tidally. But on different ‘background’ substrates (seawalls vs gabions), this is considered OK, as we’re looking for overall trends in colonisation of materials, and can take background substrate into account if needed. No mobile spp data can be included from this study as the results were from complete settlement structures including multiple materials, all grouped together. Replicates varied across sites and settlement plate material.
Reid et al 2015	2015	65.8000000	11.4000000	68.4000000	6.6000000	5	5	5	Cover	Sessile	Invert_Clay	Invert_Rock	Invert	N		Invertebrates	All				11x11cm	0.0121	Y	Tile	Parallel to shoreline (vertical or slanted)	slatevsceramic	Slate	Rock_slate	Rock_Clay	Rock	Ceramic_unglazed	Clay	Clay_unglazed	Clay		subtidal	Final	2.000000	40.6683	74.0455	USA - Liberty State Park	North Atlantic	Seawalls	Exposed/sheltered	Significant	Table 5 onwards - tables only	Only settlement plates from the full 2 month deployment can be considered. All plated deployed sub tidally. But on different ‘background’ substrates (seawalls vs gabions), this is considered OK, as we’re looking for overall trends in colonisation of materials, and can take background substrate into account if needed. No mobile spp data can be included from this study as the results were from complete settlement structures including multiple materials, all grouped together. Replicates varied across sites and settlement plate material.
Reid et al 2015	2015	1.4000000	0.7000000	2.3000000	1.4000000	4	5	4	Cover	Sessile	Invert_Clay	Invert_Rock	Invert	N		Invertebrates	All				11x11cm	0.0121	Y	Tile	Parallel to shoreline (vertical or slanted)	slatevsceramic	Slate	Rock_slate	Rock_Clay	Rock	Ceramic_unglazed	Clay	Clay_unglazed	Clay		subtidal	Final	2.000000	40.6683	74.0455	USA - West Harlem Piers	North Atlantic	Seawalls	Exposed/sheltered	Significant	Table 5 onwards - tables only	Only settlement plates from the full 2 month deployment can be considered. All plated deployed sub tidally. But on different ‘background’ substrates (seawalls vs gabions), this is considered OK, as we’re looking for overall trends in colonisation of materials, and can take background substrate into account if needed. No mobile spp data can be included from this study as the results were from complete settlement structures including multiple materials, all grouped together. Replicates varied across sites and settlement plate material.
Reid et al 2015	2015	1.5000000	1.5000000	2.8000000	1.7000000	2	4	2	Cover	Sessile	Invert_Polymer	Invert_Rock	Invert	N		Invertebrates	All				11x11cm	0.0121	Y	Tile	Parallel to shoreline (vertical or slanted)	SlatevsArylic	Slate	Rock_slate	Rock_Polymer	Rock	Acrylic	Polymer_mix	Polymer_mix	Polymer		subtidal	Final	2.000000	40.6683	74.0455	USA - Harlem River Park	North Atlantic	Gabion	Exposed/sheltered	Significant	Table 5 onwards - tables only	Only settlement plates from the full 2 month deployment can be considered. All plated deployed sub tidally. But on different ‘background’ substrates (seawalls vs gabions), this is considered OK, as we’re looking for overall trends in colonisation of materials, and can take background substrate into account if needed. No mobile spp data can be included from this study as the results were from complete settlement structures including multiple materials, all grouped together. Replicates varied across sites and settlement plate material.
Reid et al 2015	2015	1.5000000	1.5000000	3.3000000	2.8000000	2	3	2	Cover	Sessile	Invert_Polymer	Invert_Rock	Invert	N		Invertebrates	All				11x11cm	0.0121	Y	Tile	Parallel to shoreline (vertical or slanted)	SlatevsArylic	Slate	Rock_slate	Rock_Polymer	Rock	Acrylic	Polymer_mix	Polymer_mix	Polymer		subtidal	Final	2.000000	40.6683	74.0455	USA - Harlem River Park	North Atlantic	Seawalls	Exposed/sheltered	Significant	Table 5 onwards - tables only	Only settlement plates from the full 2 month deployment can be considered. All plated deployed sub tidally. But on different ‘background’ substrates (seawalls vs gabions), this is considered OK, as we’re looking for overall trends in colonisation of materials, and can take background substrate into account if needed. No mobile spp data can be included from this study as the results were from complete settlement structures including multiple materials, all grouped together. Replicates varied across sites and settlement plate material.
Reid et al 2015	2015	25.5000000	9.5000000	24.2000000	5.6000000	4	5	4	Cover	Sessile	Invert_Polymer	Invert_Rock	Invert	N		Invertebrates	All				11x11cm	0.0121	Y	Tile	Parallel to shoreline (vertical or slanted)	SlatevsArylic	Slate	Rock_slate	Rock_Polymer	Rock	Acrylic	Polymer_mix	Polymer_mix	Polymer		subtidal	Final	2.000000	40.6683	74.0455	USA - Liberty State Park	North Atlantic	Riprap	Exposed/sheltered	Significant	Table 5 onwards - tables only	Only settlement plates from the full 2 month deployment can be considered. All plated deployed sub tidally. But on different ‘background’ substrates (seawalls vs gabions), this is considered OK, as we’re looking for overall trends in colonisation of materials, and can take background substrate into account if needed. No mobile spp data can be included from this study as the results were from complete settlement structures including multiple materials, all grouped together. Replicates varied across sites and settlement plate material.
Reid et al 2015	2015	65.8000000	11.4000000	56.8000000	11.5000000	5	5	5	Cover	Sessile	Invert_Polymer	Invert_Rock	Invert	N		Invertebrates	All				11x11cm	0.0121	Y	Tile	Parallel to shoreline (vertical or slanted)	SlatevsArylic	Slate	Rock_slate	Rock_Polymer	Rock	Acrylic	Polymer_mix	Polymer_mix	Polymer		subtidal	Final	2.000000	40.6683	74.0455	USA - Liberty State Park	North Atlantic	Seawalls	Exposed/sheltered	Significant	Table 5 onwards - tables only	Only settlement plates from the full 2 month deployment can be considered. All plated deployed sub tidally. But on different ‘background’ substrates (seawalls vs gabions), this is considered OK, as we’re looking for overall trends in colonisation of materials, and can take background substrate into account if needed. No mobile spp data can be included from this study as the results were from complete settlement structures including multiple materials, all grouped together. Replicates varied across sites and settlement plate material.
Reid et al 2015	2015	1.4000000	0.7000000	7.8000000	4.3000000	5	3	3	Cover	Sessile	Invert_Polymer	Invert_Rock	Invert	N		Invertebrates	All				11x11cm	0.0121	Y	Tile	Parallel to shoreline (vertical or slanted)	SlatevsArylic	Slate	Rock_slate	Rock_Polymer	Rock	Acrylic	Polymer_mix	Polymer_mix	Polymer		subtidal	Final	2.000000	40.6683	74.0455	USA - West Harlem Piers	North Atlantic	Seawalls	Exposed/sheltered	Significant	Table 5 onwards - tables only	Only settlement plates from the full 2 month deployment can be considered. All plated deployed sub tidally. But on different ‘background’ substrates (seawalls vs gabions), this is considered OK, as we’re looking for overall trends in colonisation of materials, and can take background substrate into account if needed. No mobile spp data can be included from this study as the results were from complete settlement structures including multiple materials, all grouped together. Replicates varied across sites and settlement plate material.
Reid et al 2015	2015	8.3000000	3.2000000	2.8000000	1.7000000	3	4	3	Cover	Sessile	Invert_Polymer	Invert_Wood	Invert	N		Invertebrates	All				11x11cm	0.0121	Y	Tile	Parallel to shoreline (vertical or slanted)	WoodvsArylic	Wood	Wood_unclassified	Wood_Polymer	Wood	Acrylic	Polymer_mix	Polymer_mix	Polymer		subtidal	Final	2.000000	40.6683	74.0455	USA - Harlem River Park	North Atlantic	Gabion	Exposed/sheltered	Significant	Table 5 onwards - tables only	Only settlement plates from the full 2 month deployment can be considered. All plated deployed sub tidally. But on different ‘background’ substrates (seawalls vs gabions), this is considered OK, as we’re looking for overall trends in colonisation of materials, and can take background substrate into account if needed. No mobile spp data can be included from this study as the results were from complete settlement structures including multiple materials, all grouped together. Replicates varied across sites and settlement plate material.
Reid et al 2015	2015	9.3000000	3.2000000	3.3000000	2.8000000	3	3	3	Cover	Sessile	Invert_Polymer	Invert_Wood	Invert	N		Invertebrates	All				11x11cm	0.0121	Y	Tile	Parallel to shoreline (vertical or slanted)	WoodvsArylic	Wood	Wood_unclassified	Wood_Polymer	Wood	Acrylic	Polymer_mix	Polymer_mix	Polymer		subtidal	Final	2.000000	40.6683	74.0455	USA - Harlem River Park	North Atlantic	Seawalls	Exposed/sheltered	Significant	Table 5 onwards - tables only	Only settlement plates from the full 2 month deployment can be considered. All plated deployed sub tidally. But on different ‘background’ substrates (seawalls vs gabions), this is considered OK, as we’re looking for overall trends in colonisation of materials, and can take background substrate into account if needed. No mobile spp data can be included from this study as the results were from complete settlement structures including multiple materials, all grouped together. Replicates varied across sites and settlement plate material.
Reid et al 2015	2015	0.0000000	0.0000000	7.0000000	5.6000000	3	5	3	Cover	Sessile	Invert_Polymer	Invert_Wood	Invert	N		Invertebrates	All				11x11cm	0.0121	Y	Tile	Parallel to shoreline (vertical or slanted)	WoodvsArylic	Wood	Wood_unclassified	Wood_Polymer	Wood	Acrylic	Polymer_mix	Polymer_mix	Polymer		subtidal	Final	2.000000	40.6683	74.0455	USA - West Harlem Piers	North Atlantic	Riprap	Exposed/sheltered	Significant	Table 5 onwards - tables only	Only settlement plates from the full 2 month deployment can be considered. All plated deployed sub tidally. But on different ‘background’ substrates (seawalls vs gabions), this is considered OK, as we’re looking for overall trends in colonisation of materials, and can take background substrate into account if needed. No mobile spp data can be included from this study as the results were from complete settlement structures including multiple materials, all grouped together. Replicates varied across sites and settlement plate material.
Reid et al 2015	2015	6.6000000	2.7000000	7.8000000	4.3000000	5	5	5	Cover	Sessile	Invert_Polymer	Invert_Wood	Invert	N		Invertebrates	All				11x11cm	0.0121	Y	Tile	Parallel to shoreline (vertical or slanted)	WoodvsArylic	Wood	Wood_unclassified	Wood_Polymer	Wood	Acrylic	Polymer_mix	Polymer_mix	Polymer		subtidal	Final	2.000000	40.6683	74.0455	USA - West Harlem Piers	North Atlantic	Seawalls	Exposed/sheltered	Significant	Table 5 onwards - tables only	Only settlement plates from the full 2 month deployment can be considered. All plated deployed sub tidally. But on different ‘background’ substrates (seawalls vs gabions), this is considered OK, as we’re looking for overall trends in colonisation of materials, and can take background substrate into account if needed. No mobile spp data can be included from this study as the results were from complete settlement structures including multiple materials, all grouped together. Replicates varied across sites and settlement plate material.
Reid et al 2015	2015	8.3000000	3.2000000	2.5000000	0.5000000	2	4	2	Cover	Sessile	Invert_Clay	Invert_Wood	Invert	N		Invertebrates	All				11x11cm	0.0121	Y	Tile	Parallel to shoreline (vertical or slanted)	woodvsceramic	Wood	Wood_unclassified	Wood_Clay	Wood	Ceramic_unglazed	Clay	Clay_unglazed	Clay		subtidal	Final	2.000000	40.6683	74.0455	USA - Harlem River Park	North Atlantic	Gabion	Exposed/sheltered	HarlemRiverPark	Table 5 onwards - tables only	Only settlement plates from the full 2 month deployment can be considered. All plated deployed sub tidally. But on different ‘background’ substrates (seawalls vs gabions), this is considered OK, as we’re looking for overall trends in colonisation of materials, and can take background substrate into account if needed. No mobile spp data can be included from this study as the results were from complete settlement structures including multiple materials, all grouped together. Replicates varied across sites and settlement plate material.
Reid et al 2015	2015	9.3000000	3.2000000	0.0000000	0.0000000	2	3	2	Cover	Sessile	Invert_Clay	Invert_Wood	Invert	N		Invertebrates	All				11x11cm	0.0121	Y	Tile	Parallel to shoreline (vertical or slanted)	woodvsceramic	Wood	Wood_unclassified	Wood_Clay	Wood	Ceramic_unglazed	Clay	Clay_unglazed	Clay		subtidal	Final	2.000000	40.6683	74.0455	USA - Harlem River Park	North Atlantic	Seawalls	Exposed/sheltered	HarlemRiverPark	Table 5 onwards - tables only	Only settlement plates from the full 2 month deployment can be considered. All plated deployed sub tidally. But on different ‘background’ substrates (seawalls vs gabions), this is considered OK, as we’re looking for overall trends in colonisation of materials, and can take background substrate into account if needed. No mobile spp data can be included from this study as the results were from complete settlement structures including multiple materials, all grouped together. Replicates varied across sites and settlement plate material.
Reid et al 2015	2015	0.0000000	0.0000000	1.0000000	0.6000000	3	3	3	Cover	Sessile	Invert_Clay	Invert_Wood	Invert	N		Invertebrates	All				11x11cm	0.0121	Y	Tile	Parallel to shoreline (vertical or slanted)	CeramicvsArylic	Wood	Wood_unclassified	Wood_Clay	Wood	Ceramic_unglazed	Clay	Clay_unglazed	Clay		subtidal	Final	2.000000	40.6683	74.0455	USA - West Harlem Piers	North Atlantic	Riprap	Exposed/sheltered	Significant	Table 5 onwards - tables only	Only settlement plates from the full 2 month deployment can be considered. All plated deployed sub tidally. But on different ‘background’ substrates (seawalls vs gabions), this is considered OK, as we’re looking for overall trends in colonisation of materials, and can take background substrate into account if needed. No mobile spp data can be included from this study as the results were from complete settlement structures including multiple materials, all grouped together. Replicates varied across sites and settlement plate material.
Reid et al 2015	2015	6.6000000	2.7000000	2.3000000	1.4000000	4	5	4	Cover	Sessile	Invert_Clay	Invert_Wood	Invert	N		Invertebrates	All				11x11cm	0.0121	Y	Tile	Parallel to shoreline (vertical or slanted)	CeramicvsArylic	Wood	Wood_unclassified	Wood_Clay	Wood	Ceramic_unglazed	Clay	Clay_unglazed	Clay		subtidal	Final	2.000000	40.6683	74.0455	USA - West Harlem Piers	North Atlantic	Seawalls	Exposed/sheltered	Significant	Table 5 onwards - tables only	Only settlement plates from the full 2 month deployment can be considered. All plated deployed sub tidally. But on different ‘background’ substrates (seawalls vs gabions), this is considered OK, as we’re looking for overall trends in colonisation of materials, and can take background substrate into account if needed. No mobile spp data can be included from this study as the results were from complete settlement structures including multiple materials, all grouped together. Replicates varied across sites and settlement plate material.
Anderson & Underwood 1994	1994	6.6134100	1.0049277	5.7790900	0.8793178	6	6	6	Richness	Sessile	Sessile_Concrete	Sessile_Wood	Sessile	N		Sessile	All				10 x 10 cm	0.01	Y	Tiles	Downward facing	plywoodvsconcrete	plywood	Wood_plywood	Wood_Concrete	Wood	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	low	Intertidal	Final	2.000000	-34.01666667	151.1833333	Australia	Tasman	Exp 1-Jan deployment 2	Sheltered	Not Significant	Fig 3
Anderson & Underwood 1994	1994	5.4773200	1.5073670	5.1558200	1.6201170	6	6	6	Richness	Sessile	Sessile_Concrete	Sessile_Wood	Sessile	N		Sessile	All				10 x 10 cm	0.01	Y	Tiles	Downward facing	plywoodvsconcrete	plywood	Wood_plywood	Wood_Concrete	Wood	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	low	Intertidal	Final	12.000000	-34.01666667	151.1833333	Australia	Tasman	Exp 1-Jan deployment 12	Sheltered	Not Significant	Fig 3
Glasby et al 2007	2007	5.2640000	0.9391486	5.0680000	0.5634891	15	15	15	Richness	Sessile	Sessile_Concrete	Sessile_Rock	Sessile	N		Sessile	ALL				15x15cm panels	0.0225	Y	Tile	Vertical	sandstonevsconcrete	Sandstone	Rock_sandstone	Rock_Concrete	Rock	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	NA	subtidal	Final	7.500000	-33.85	151.54	Australia	Sydney harbour	Reef, seawall, pontoon, piling	Sheltered	NS	Figure 4
Glasby et al 2007	2007	3.7240000	0.6260990	5.0680000	0.5634891	15	15	15	Richness	Sessile	Sessile_Concrete	Sessile_Wood	Sessile	N		Sessile	ALL				15x15cm panels	0.0225	Y	Tile	Vertical	woodvsconcrete	Wood	Wood_unclassified	Wood_Concrete	Wood	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	NA	subtidal	Final	7.500000	-33.85	151.54	Australia	Sydney harbour	Reef, seawall, pontoon, piling	Sheltered	NS	Figure 4
Anderson & Underwood 1994	1994	6.6134100	1.0049277	4.6351100	1.2701094	6	6	6	Richness	Sessile	Sessile_Polymer	Sessile_Wood	Sessile	N		Sessile	All				10 x 10 cm	0.01	Y	Tiles	Downward facing	plywoodvsfiberglass	plywood	Wood_plywood	Wood_Polymer	Wood	Fibreglass	Polymer_fibreglass	Polymer_fibreglass	Polymer	low	Intertidal	Final	2.000000	-34.01666667	151.1833333	Australia	Tasman	Exp 1-Jan deployment 2	Sheltered	Significant	Fig 3
Reid et al 2015	2015	4.0000000	0.4000000	4.6000000	0.5000000	4	5	4	Richness	Sessile	Sessile_Polymer	Sessile_Rock	Sessile	N		Sessile	Algae/Invertebrate				11x11cm	0.0121	Y	Tile	Parallel to shoreline (vertical or slanted)	SlatevsArylic	Slate	Rock_slate	Rock_Polymer	Rock	Acrylic	Polymer_mix	Polymer_mix	Polymer		subtidal	Final	2.000000	40.6683	74.0455	USA - Liberty State Park	North Atlantic	Riprap	Exposed/sheltered	Significant	Table 5 onwards - tables only	Only settlement plates from the full 2 month deployment can be considered. All plated deployed sub tidally. But on different ‘background’ substrates (seawalls vs gabions), this is considered OK, as we’re looking for overall trends in colonisation of materials, and can take background substrate into account if needed. No mobile spp data can be included from this study as the results were from complete settlement structures including multiple materials, all grouped together. Replicates varied across sites and settlement plate material.
Reid et al 2015	2015	2.6000000	0.2000000	4.6000000	0.9000000	5	5	5	Richness	Sessile	Sessile_Clay	Sessile_Rock	Sessile	N		Sessile	Algae/Invertebrate				11x11cm	0.0121	Y	Tile	Parallel to shoreline (vertical or slanted)	slatevsceramic	Slate	Rock_slate	Rock_Clay	Rock	Ceramic_unglazed	Clay	Ceramic_unglazed	Clay		subtidal	Final	2.000000	40.6683	74.0455	USA - Liberty State Park	North Atlantic	Seawalls	Exposed/sheltered	Significant	Table 5 onwards - tables only	Only settlement plates from the full 2 month deployment can be considered. All plated deployed sub tidally. But on different ‘background’ substrates (seawalls vs gabions), this is considered OK, as we’re looking for overall trends in colonisation of materials, and can take background substrate into account if needed. No mobile spp data can be included from this study as the results were from complete settlement structures including multiple materials, all grouped together. Replicates varied across sites and settlement plate material.
Anderson & Underwood 1994	1994	6.6134100	1.0049277	4.3565600	0.0010000	6	6	6	Richness	Sessile	Sessile_Metal	Sessile_Wood	Sessile	N		Sessile	All				10 x 10 cm	0.01	Y	Tiles	Downward facing	plywoodvsaluminim	plywood	Wood_plywood	Wood_Metal	Wood	Aluminium	Metal_aluminium	Metal_aluminium	Metal	low	Intertidal	Final	2.000000	-34.01666667	151.1833333	Australia	Tasman	Exp 1-Jan deployment 2	Sheltered	Significant	Fig 3
Anderson & Underwood 1994	1994	5.2228800	1.0049277	4.2366900	0.7536835	6	6	6	Richness	Sessile	Sessile_Concrete	Sessile_Wood	Sessile	N		Sessile	All				10 x 10 cm	0.01	Y	Tiles	Downward facing	plywoodvsconcrete	plywood	Wood_plywood	Wood_Concrete	Wood	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	low	Intertidal	Final	1.000000	-34.01666667	151.1833333	Australia	Tasman	Exp 1-Jan deployment 1	Sheltered	Not Significant	Fig 3
Reid et al 2015	2015	2.6000000	0.2000000	4.2000000	0.6000000	5	5	5	Richness	Sessile	Sessile_Polymer	Sessile_Rock	Sessile	N		Sessile	Algae/Invertebrate				11x11cm	0.0121	Y	Tile	Parallel to shoreline (vertical or slanted)	SlatevsArylic	Slate	Rock_slate	Rock_Polymer	Rock	Acrylic	Polymer_mix	Polymer_mix	Polymer		subtidal	Final	2.000000	40.6683	74.0455	USA - Liberty State Park	North Atlantic	Seawalls	Exposed/sheltered	Significant	Table 5 onwards - tables only	Only settlement plates from the full 2 month deployment can be considered. All plated deployed sub tidally. But on different ‘background’ substrates (seawalls vs gabions), this is considered OK, as we’re looking for overall trends in colonisation of materials, and can take background substrate into account if needed. No mobile spp data can be included from this study as the results were from complete settlement structures including multiple materials, all grouped together. Replicates varied across sites and settlement plate material.
Reed 2005	2005	4.9650300	2.9669069	4.1258700	2.3735029	8	8	8	Richness	Sessile	Algae_Concrete	Algae_Rock	Algae	N		Algae	Understorey algae				1500m2	80	Y	Reef	mixed	ConcreteHighvsRock	Rock	Rock_unclassified	Rock_Concrete	Rock	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	n/a	subtidal	Final	60.000000	33.425076	-117.629032	USA	North pacific	Reef_high	Exposed	Experiment over 5 years in total 2000-2004, San Mateo (SM) and Barn (B) reefs used as natural reef controls	FigIII.D.3
Reid et al 2015	2015	4.0000000	0.4000000	3.0000000	0.9000000	4	5	4	Richness	Sessile	Sessile_Clay	Sessile_Rock	Sessile	N		Sessile	Algae/Invertebrate				11x11cm	0.0121	Y	Tile	Parallel to shoreline (vertical or slanted)	slatevsceramic	Slate	Rock_slate	Rock_Clay	Rock	Ceramic_unglazed	Clay	Ceramic_unglazed	Clay		subtidal	Final	2.000000	40.6683	74.0455	USA - Liberty State Park	North Atlantic	Riprap	Exposed/sheltered	Significant	Table 5 onwards - tables only	Only settlement plates from the full 2 month deployment can be considered. All plated deployed sub tidally. But on different ‘background’ substrates (seawalls vs gabions), this is considered OK, as we’re looking for overall trends in colonisation of materials, and can take background substrate into account if needed. No mobile spp data can be included from this study as the results were from complete settlement structures including multiple materials, all grouped together. Replicates varied across sites and settlement plate material.
Hixon&Brostoff1985	1985	3.0000000	0.0010000	3.0000000	0.0010000	7	7	7	Richness	Benthic	Benthic_Polymer	Benthic_Biogenic	Benthic	N		Benthic	ALL				NA	NA	Y	Tile		CoralvsPlastic	Coral	Biogenic_coral	Biogenic_Polymer	Biogenic	Perspex	Polymer_mix	Polymer_mix	Polymer	NA	subtidal	Final	12.000000	21.47	-157.81	Hawaii	Hawaii	Reef	Exposed	NS	Table
Reed 2005	2005	3.4265700	2.7690867	2.9370600	2.1757110	8	8	8	Richness	Sessile	Algae_Concrete	Algae_Rock	Algae	N		Algae	Understorey algae				1500m2	80	Y	Reef	mixed	ConcreteMedvsRock	Rock	Rock_unclassified	Rock_Concrete	Rock	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	n/a	subtidal	Final	60.000000	33.425076	-117.629032	USA	North pacific	Reef_med	Exposed	Experiment over 5 years in total 2000-2004, San Mateo (SM) and Barn (B) reefs used as natural reef controls	FigIII.D.3
Anderson & Underwood 1994	1994	5.2228800	1.0049277	2.5680500	1.2561473	6	6	6	Richness	Sessile	Sessile_Polymer	Sessile_Wood	Sessile	N		Sessile	All				10 x 10 cm	0.01	Y	Tiles	Downward facing	plywoodvsfiberglass	plywood	Wood_plywood	Wood_Polymer	Wood	Fibreglass	Polymer_fibreglass	Polymer_fibreglass	Polymer	low	Intertidal	Final	1.000000	-34.01666667	151.1833333	Australia	Tasman	Exp 1-Jan deployment 1	Sheltered	Significant	Fig 3
Reed 2005	2005	3.3566400	3.3624625	2.5174800	2.7690867	8	8	8	Richness	Sessile	Algae_Concrete	Algae_Rock	Algae	N		Algae	Understorey algae				1500m2	80	Y	Reef	mixed	ConcreteLowvsRock	Rock	Rock_unclassified	Rock_Concrete	Rock	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	n/a	subtidal	Final	60.000000	33.425076	-117.629032	USA	North pacific	Reef_low	Exposed	Experiment over 5 years in total 2000-2004, San Mateo (SM) and Barn (B) reefs used as natural reef controls	FigIII.D.3
Reid et al 2015	2015	2.2000000	0.2000000	1.8000000	0.4000000	5	5	5	Richness	Sessile	Sessile_Polymer	Sessile_Wood	Sessile	N		Sessile	Algae/Invertebrate				11x11cm	0.0121	Y	Tile	Parallel to shoreline (vertical or slanted)	WoodvsArylic	Wood	Wood_unclassified	Wood_Polymer	Wood	Acrylic	Polymer_mix	Polymer_mix	Polymer		subtidal	Final	2.000000	40.6683	74.0455	USA - West Harlem Piers	North Atlantic	Seawalls	Exposed/sheltered	Significant	Table 5 onwards - tables only	Only settlement plates from the full 2 month deployment can be considered. All plated deployed sub tidally. But on different ‘background’ substrates (seawalls vs gabions), this is considered OK, as we’re looking for overall trends in colonisation of materials, and can take background substrate into account if needed. No mobile spp data can be included from this study as the results were from complete settlement structures including multiple materials, all grouped together. Replicates varied across sites and settlement plate material.
Reid et al 2015	2015	1.6000000	0.2000000	1.8000000	0.4000000	5	3	3	Richness	Sessile	Sessile_Polymer	Sessile_Rock	Sessile	N		Sessile	Algae/Invertebrate				11x11cm	0.0121	Y	Tile	Parallel to shoreline (vertical or slanted)	SlatevsArylic	Slate	Rock_slate	Rock_Polymer	Rock	Acrylic	Polymer_mix	Polymer_mix	Polymer		subtidal	Final	2.000000	40.6683	74.0455	USA - West Harlem Piers	North Atlantic	Seawalls	Exposed/sheltered	Significant	Table 5 onwards - tables only	Only settlement plates from the full 2 month deployment can be considered. All plated deployed sub tidally. But on different ‘background’ substrates (seawalls vs gabions), this is considered OK, as we’re looking for overall trends in colonisation of materials, and can take background substrate into account if needed. No mobile spp data can be included from this study as the results were from complete settlement structures including multiple materials, all grouped together. Replicates varied across sites and settlement plate material.
Reyes and Yap 2001	2001	2.9599200	2.6244900	0.4109820	1.0349315	3	3	3	Density	Sessile	Invert_Polymer	Invert_Biogenic	Invert	Y	Corals	Corals	Scleractinian corals	Scleractinia	Anthozoa		10cmx10cm	0.01	Y	Tile		RubbervsCoralAway	Coral_rubble crushed	Biogenic_coral	Biogenic_Polymer	Biogenic	Rubber	Polymer_rubber	Polymer_rubber	Polymer	12m	subtidal	Final	4.500000	9.872537	122.378348	Philippines	Sulu	outside_Reef	NA	Some plates placed within reef and others placed away from. Conclusions: coral larvae settle most in proximity to live colonies and use or crushed coral or concrete is preferred to rubber	Fig1
Reyes and Yap 2001	2001	7.7447700	4.3000000	6.9397900	2.5000000	3	3	3	Density	Sessile	Invert_Concrete	Invert_Biogenic	Invert	Y	Corals	Corals	Scleractinian corals	Scleractinia	Anthozoa		10cmx10cm	0.01	Y	Tile		ConcretevsCoralWithin	Coral_rubble crushed	Biogenic_coral	Biogenic_Concrete	Biogenic	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	12m	subtidal	Final	4.500000	9.872537	122.378348	Philippines	Sulu	Reef	NA	Some plates placed within reef and others placed away from. Conclusions: coral larvae settle most in proximity to live colonies and use or crushed coral or concrete is preferred to rubber	Fig1
Reyes and Yap 2001	2001	7.7447700	4.4000000	0.5007070	4.0000000	3	3	3	Density	Sessile	Invert_Polymer	Invert_Biogenic	Invert	Y	Corals	Corals	Scleractinian corals	Scleractinia	Anthozoa		10cmx10cm	0.01	Y	Tile		RubbervsCoralWithin	Coral_rubble crushed	Biogenic_coral	Biogenic_Polymer	Biogenic	Rubber	Polymer_rubber	Polymer_rubber	Polymer	12m	subtidal	Final	4.500000	9.872537	122.378348	Philippines	Sulu	Reef	NA	Some plates placed within reef and others placed away from. Conclusions: coral larvae settle most in proximity to live colonies and use or crushed coral or concrete is preferred to rubber	Fig1
Reyes and Yap 2001	2001	2.9599200	2.6244900	2.1000000	0.6000000	3	3	3	Density	Sessile	Invert_Concrete	Invert_Biogenic	Invert	Y	Corals	Corals	Scleractinian corals	Scleractinia	Anthozoa		10cmx10cm	0.01	Y	Tile		ConcretevsCoralWithin	Coral_rubble crushed	Biogenic_coral	Biogenic_Concrete	Biogenic	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	12m	subtidal	Final	4.500000	9.872537	122.378348	Philippines	Sulu	outside_Reef	NA	Some plates placed within reef and others placed away from. Conclusions: coral larvae settle most in proximity to live colonies and use or crushed coral or concrete is preferred to rubber	Fig1
Tamburrietal.2008	2008	0.7000000	1.5000000	0.1000000	2.3000000	12	18	12	Density	Sessile	Invert_Polymer	Invert_Rock	Invert	Y	Bivalves	Bivalve	Crassostrea ariakensis south china	Crassostrea ariakensis	Crassostrea		4.2x6cm	0.00252	Y	Tray	Horizontal	GranitevsFibreglass	Granite	Rock_granite	Rock_Polymer	Rock	Fibreglass	Polymer_fibreglass	Polymer_fibreglass	Polymer	NA	NA	Final	0.070000	37.25	-76.5	USA	USA	tray	NA	NS	Table 4_clean	mean control and treatment are % settled larvae from table 4, /100 * 50 - to account for how many individuals have settled. Standardising the area assuming the bits of each substrate are 4.2 * 6 cm (which is the well size).
Tamburrietal.2008	2008	1.3000000	3.1500000	1.5000000	2.0500000	12	17	12	Density	Sessile	Invert_Polymer	Invert_Rock	Invert	Y	Bivalves	Bivalve	Crassostrea ariakensis west coast	Crassostrea ariakensis	Crassostrea		4.2x6cm	0.00252	Y	Tray	Horizontal	GranitevsFibreglass	Granite	Rock_granite	Rock_Polymer	Rock	Fibreglass	Polymer_fibreglass	Polymer_fibreglass	Polymer	NA	NA	Final	0.070000	37.25	-76.5	USA	USA	tray	NA	NS	Table 4_clean	mean control and treatment are % settled larvae from table 4, /100 * 50 - to account for how many individuals have settled. Standardising the area assuming the bits of each substrate are 4.2 * 6 cm (which is the well size).
Tamburrietal.2008	2008	0.7000000	1.5500000	0.0000000	0.0000000	8	14	8	Density	Sessile	Invert_Polymer	Invert_Rock	Invert	Y	Bivalves	Bivalve	Crassostrea virginica	Crassostrea virginica	Crassostrea		4.2x6cm	0.00252	Y	Tray	Horizontal	GranitevsFibreglass	Granite	Rock_granite	Rock_Polymer	Rock	Fibreglass	Polymer_fibreglass	Polymer_fibreglass	Polymer	NA	NA	Final	0.070000	37.25	-76.5	USA	USA	tray	NA	NS	Table 4_clean	mean control and treatment are % settled larvae from table 4, /100 * 50 - to account for how many individuals have settled. Standardising the area assuming the bits of each substrate are 4.2 * 6 cm (which is the well size).
Tamburrietal.2008	2008	0.7000000	1.5000000	0.0500000	0.2000000	12	12	12	Density	Sessile	Invert_Polymer	Invert_Rock	Invert	Y	Bivalves	Bivalve	Crassostrea ariakensis south china	Crassostrea ariakensis	Crassostrea		4.2x6cm	0.00252	Y	Tray	Horizontal	GranitevsPVC	Granite	Rock_granite	Rock_Polymer	Rock	PVC	Polymer_mix	Polymer_mix	Polymer	NA	NA	Final	0.070000	37.25	-76.5	USA	USA	tray	NA	NS	Table 4_clean	mean control and treatment are % settled larvae from table 4, /100 * 50 - to account for how many individuals have settled. Standardising the area assuming the bits of each substrate are 4.2 * 6 cm (which is the well size).
Tamburrietal.2008	2008	1.3000000	3.1500000	0.3000000	0.4500000	12	12	12	Density	Sessile	Invert_Polymer	Invert_Rock	Invert	Y	Bivalves	Bivalve	Crassostrea ariakensis west coast	Crassostrea ariakensis	Crassostrea		4.2x6cm	0.00252	Y	Tray	Horizontal	GranitevsPVC	Granite	Rock_granite	Rock_Polymer	Rock	PVC	Polymer_mix	Polymer_mix	Polymer	NA	NA	Final	0.070000	37.25	-76.5	USA	USA	tray	NA	NS	Table 4_clean	mean control and treatment are % settled larvae from table 4, /100 * 50 - to account for how many individuals have settled. Standardising the area assuming the bits of each substrate are 4.2 * 6 cm (which is the well size).
Tamburrietal.2008	2008	0.7000000	1.5500000	0.0000000	0.0000000	8	8	8	Density	Sessile	Invert_Polymer	Invert_Rock	Invert	Y	Bivalves	Bivalve	Crassostrea virginica	Crassostrea virginica	Crassostrea		4.2x6cm	0.00252	Y	Tray	Horizontal	GranitevsPVC	Granite	Rock_granite	Rock_Polymer	Rock	PVC	Polymer_mix	Polymer_mix	Polymer	NA	NA	Final	0.070000	37.25	-76.5	USA	USA	tray	NA	NS	Table 4_clean	mean control and treatment are % settled larvae from table 4, /100 * 50 - to account for how many individuals have settled. Standardising the area assuming the bits of each substrate are 4.2 * 6 cm (which is the well size).
Tamburrietal.2008	2008	0.7000000	1.5000000	0.0500000	0.2500000	12	12	12	Density	Sessile	Invert_Metal	Invert_Rock	Invert	Y	Bivalves	Bivalve	Crassostrea ariakensis south china	Crassostrea ariakensis	Crassostrea		4.2x6cm	0.00252	Y	Tray	Horizontal	GranitevsSteel	Granite	Rock_granite	Rock_Metal	Rock	Stainless Steel	Metal_stainless steel	Metal_stainless steel	Metal	NA	NA	Final	0.070000	37.25	-76.5	USA	USA	tray	NA	NS	Table 4_clean	mean control and treatment are % settled larvae from table 4, /100 * 50 - to account for how many individuals have settled. Standardising the area assuming the bits of each substrate are 4.2 * 6 cm (which is the well size).
Tamburrietal.2008	2008	1.3000000	3.1500000	0.1500000	0.4000000	12	12	12	Density	Sessile	Invert_Metal	Invert_Rock	Invert	Y	Bivalves	Bivalve	Crassostrea ariakensis west coast	Crassostrea ariakensis	Crassostrea		4.2x6cm	0.00252	Y	Tray	Horizontal	GranitevsSteel	Granite	Rock_granite	Rock_Metal	Rock	Stainless Steel	Metal_stainless steel	Metal_stainless steel	Metal	NA	NA	Final	0.070000	37.25	-76.5	USA	USA	tray	NA	NS	Table 4_clean	mean control and treatment are % settled larvae from table 4, /100 * 50 - to account for how many individuals have settled. Standardising the area assuming the bits of each substrate are 4.2 * 6 cm (which is the well size).
Tamburrietal.2008	2008	2.0000000	2.5000000	0.1000000	2.3000000	12	18	12	Density	Sessile	Invert_Polymer	Invert_Biogenic	Invert	Y	Bivalves	Bivalve	Crassostrea ariakensis south china	Crassostrea ariakensis	Crassostrea		4.2x6cm	0.00252	Y	Tray	Horizontal	OystervsFibreglass	Oyster_CA	Biogenic_oyster	Biogenic_Polymer	Biogenic	Fibreglass	Polymer_fibreglass	Polymer_fibreglass	Polymer	NA	NA	Final	0.070000	37.25	-76.5	USA	USA	tray	NA	NS	Table 4_clean	mean control and treatment are % settled larvae from table 4, /100 * 50 - to account for how many individuals have settled. Standardising the area assuming the bits of each substrate are 4.2 * 6 cm (which is the well size). All materials of similar complexity - small ‘bits’ used.
Tamburrietal.2008	2008	6.6000000	11.4000000	1.5000000	2.0500000	12	17	12	Density	Sessile	Invert_Polymer	Invert_Biogenic	Invert	Y	Bivalves	Bivalve	Crassostrea ariakensis west coast	Crassostrea ariakensis	Crassostrea		4.2x6cm	0.00252	Y	Tray	Horizontal	OystervsFibreglass	Oyster_CA	Biogenic_oyster	Biogenic_Polymer	Biogenic	Fibreglass	Polymer_fibreglass	Polymer_fibreglass	Polymer	NA	NA	Final	0.070000	37.25	-76.5	USA	USA	tray	NA	NS	Table 4_clean	mean control and treatment are % settled larvae from table 4, /100 * 50 - to account for how many individuals have settled. Standardising the area assuming the bits of each substrate are 4.2 * 6 cm (which is the well size). All materials of similar complexity - small ‘bits’ used.
Tamburrietal.2008	2008	5.2500000	8.4000000	0.0000000	0.0000000	8	14	8	Density	Sessile	Invert_Polymer	Invert_Biogenic	Invert	Y	Bivalves	Bivalve	Crassostrea virginica	Crassostrea virginica	Crassostrea		4.2x6cm	0.00252	Y	Tray	Horizontal	OystervsFibreglass	Oyster_CA	Biogenic_oyster	Biogenic_Polymer	Biogenic	Fibreglass	Polymer_fibreglass	Polymer_fibreglass	Polymer	NA	NA	Final	0.070000	37.25	-76.5	USA	USA	tray	NA	NS	Table 4_clean	mean control and treatment are % settled larvae from table 4, /100 * 50 - to account for how many individuals have settled. Standardising the area assuming the bits of each substrate are 4.2 * 6 cm (which is the well size). All materials of similar complexity - small ‘bits’ used.
Tamburrietal.2008	2008	2.0000000	2.5000000	0.0500000	0.2000000	12	12	12	Density	Sessile	Invert_Polymer	Invert_Biogenic	Invert	Y	Bivalves	Bivalve	Crassostrea ariakensis south china	Crassostrea ariakensis	Crassostrea		4.2x6cm	0.00252	Y	Tray	Horizontal	OystervsPVC	Oyster_CA	Biogenic_oyster	Biogenic_Polymer	Biogenic	PVC	Polymer_mix	Polymer_mix	Polymer	NA	NA	Final	0.070000	37.25	-76.5	USA	USA	tray	NA	NS	Table 4_clean	mean control and treatment are % settled larvae from table 4, /100 * 50 - to account for how many individuals have settled. Standardising the area assuming the bits of each substrate are 4.2 * 6 cm (which is the well size). All materials of similar complexity - small ‘bits’ used.
Tamburrietal.2008	2008	6.6000000	11.4000000	0.3000000	0.4500000	12	12	12	Density	Sessile	Invert_Polymer	Invert_Biogenic	Invert	Y	Bivalves	Bivalve	Crassostrea ariakensis west coast	Crassostrea ariakensis	Crassostrea		4.2x6cm	0.00252	Y	Tray	Horizontal	OystervsPVC	Oyster_CA	Biogenic_oyster	Biogenic_Polymer	Biogenic	PVC	Polymer_mix	Polymer_mix	Polymer	NA	NA	Final	0.070000	37.25	-76.5	USA	USA	tray	NA	NS	Table 4_clean	mean control and treatment are % settled larvae from table 4, /100 * 50 - to account for how many individuals have settled. Standardising the area assuming the bits of each substrate are 4.2 * 6 cm (which is the well size). All materials of similar complexity - small ‘bits’ used.
Tamburrietal.2008	2008	5.2500000	8.4000000	0.0000000	0.0000000	8	8	8	Density	Sessile	Invert_Polymer	Invert_Biogenic	Invert	Y	Bivalves	Bivalve	Crassostrea virginica	Crassostrea virginica	Crassostrea		4.2x6cm	0.00252	Y	Tray	Horizontal	OystervsPVC	Oyster_CA	Biogenic_oyster	Biogenic_Polymer	Biogenic	PVC	Polymer_mix	Polymer_mix	Polymer	NA	NA	Final	0.070000	37.25	-76.5	USA	USA	tray	NA	NS	Table 4_clean	mean control and treatment are % settled larvae from table 4, /100 * 50 - to account for how many individuals have settled. Standardising the area assuming the bits of each substrate are 4.2 * 6 cm (which is the well size). All materials of similar complexity - small ‘bits’ used.
Tamburrietal.2008	2008	2.0000000	2.5000000	0.0500000	0.2500000	12	12	12	Density	Sessile	Invert_Metal	Invert_Biogenic	Invert	Y	Bivalves	Bivalve	Crassostrea ariakensis south china	Crassostrea ariakensis	Crassostrea		4.2x6cm	0.00252	Y	Tray	Horizontal	OystervsSteel	Oyster_CA	Biogenic_oyster	Biogenic_Metal	Biogenic	Stainless Steel	Metal_stainless steel	Metal_stainless steel	Metal	NA	NA	Final	0.070000	37.25	-76.5	USA	USA	tray	NA	NS	Table 4_clean	mean control and treatment are % settled larvae from table 4, /100 * 50 - to account for how many individuals have settled. Standardising the area assuming the bits of each substrate are 4.2 * 6 cm (which is the well size). All materials of similar complexity - small ‘bits’ used.
Tamburrietal.2008	2008	6.6000000	11.4000000	0.1500000	0.4000000	12	12	12	Density	Sessile	Invert_Metal	Invert_Biogenic	Invert	Y	Bivalves	Bivalve	Crassostrea ariakensis west coast	Crassostrea ariakensis	Crassostrea		4.2x6cm	0.00252	Y	Tray	Horizontal	OystervsSteel	Oyster_CA	Biogenic_oyster	Biogenic_Metal	Biogenic	Stainless Steel	Metal_stainless steel	Metal_stainless steel	Metal	NA	NA	Final	0.070000	37.25	-76.5	USA	USA	tray	NA	NS	Table 4_clean	mean control and treatment are % settled larvae from table 4, /100 * 50 - to account for how many individuals have settled. Standardising the area assuming the bits of each substrate are 4.2 * 6 cm (which is the well size). All materials of similar complexity - small ‘bits’ used.
Tamburrietal.2008	2008	5.2500000	8.4000000	0.0000000	0.0000000	8	8	8	Density	Sessile	Invert_Metal	Invert_Biogenic	Invert	Y	Bivalves	Bivalve	Crassostrea virginica	Crassostrea virginica	Crassostrea		4.2x6cm	0.00252	Y	Tray	Horizontal	OystervsSteel	Oyster_CA	Biogenic_oyster	Biogenic_Metal	Biogenic	Stainless Steel	Metal_stainless steel	Metal_stainless steel	Metal	NA	NA	Final	0.070000	37.25	-76.5	USA	USA	tray	NA	NS	Table 4_clean	mean control and treatment are % settled larvae from table 4, /100 * 50 - to account for how many individuals have settled. Standardising the area assuming the bits of each substrate are 4.2 * 6 cm (which is the well size). All materials of similar complexity - small ‘bits’ used.
Tamburrietal.2008	2008	1.8500000	4.1500000	0.1000000	2.3000000	18	18	18	Density	Sessile	Invert_Polymer	Invert_Biogenic	Invert	Y	Bivalves	Bivalve	Crassostrea ariakensis south china	Crassostrea ariakensis	Crassostrea		4.2x6cm	0.00252	Y	Tray	Horizontal	OystervsFibreglass	Oyster_CV	Biogenic_oyster	Biogenic_Polymer	Biogenic	Fibreglass	Polymer_fibreglass	Polymer_fibreglass	Polymer	NA	NA	Final	0.070000	37.25	-76.5	USA	USA	tray	NA	NS	Table 4_clean	mean control and treatment are % settled larvae from table 4, /100 * 50 - to account for how many individuals have settled. Standardising the area assuming the bits of each substrate are 4.2 * 6 cm (which is the well size). All materials of similar complexity - small ‘bits’ used.
Tamburrietal.2008	2008	10.3500000	12.6500000	1.5000000	2.0500000	17	17	17	Density	Sessile	Invert_Polymer	Invert_Biogenic	Invert	Y	Bivalves	Bivalve	Crassostrea ariakensis west coast	Crassostrea ariakensis	Crassostrea		4.2x6cm	0.00252	Y	Tray	Horizontal	OystervsFibreglass	Oyster_CV	Biogenic_oyster	Biogenic_Polymer	Biogenic	Fibreglass	Polymer_fibreglass	Polymer_fibreglass	Polymer	NA	NA	Final	0.070000	37.25	-76.5	USA	USA	tray	NA	NS	Table 4_clean	mean control and treatment are % settled larvae from table 4, /100 * 50 - to account for how many individuals have settled. Standardising the area assuming the bits of each substrate are 4.2 * 6 cm (which is the well size). All materials of similar complexity - small ‘bits’ used.
Tamburrietal.2008	2008	2.9000000	6.7500000	0.0000000	0.0000000	14	14	14	Density	Sessile	Invert_Polymer	Invert_Biogenic	Invert	Y	Bivalves	Bivalve	Crassostrea virginica	Crassostrea virginica	Crassostrea		4.2x6cm	0.00252	Y	Tray	Horizontal	OystervsFibreglass	Oyster_CV	Biogenic_oyster	Biogenic_Polymer	Biogenic	Fibreglass	Polymer_fibreglass	Polymer_fibreglass	Polymer	NA	NA	Final	0.070000	37.25	-76.5	USA	USA	tray	NA	NS	Table 4_clean	mean control and treatment are % settled larvae from table 4, /100 * 50 - to account for how many individuals have settled. Standardising the area assuming the bits of each substrate are 4.2 * 6 cm (which is the well size). All materials of similar complexity - small ‘bits’ used.
Tamburrietal.2008	2008	1.8500000	4.1500000	0.0500000	0.2000000	18	12	12	Density	Sessile	Invert_Polymer	Invert_Biogenic	Invert	Y	Bivalves	Bivalve	Crassostrea ariakensis south china	Crassostrea ariakensis	Crassostrea		4.2x6cm	0.00252	Y	Tray	Horizontal	OystervsPVC	Oyster_CV	Biogenic_oyster	Biogenic_Polymer	Biogenic	PVC	Polymer_mix	Polymer_mix	Polymer	NA	NA	Final	0.070000	37.25	-76.5	USA	USA	tray	NA	NS	Table 4_clean	mean control and treatment are % settled larvae from table 4, /100 * 50 - to account for how many individuals have settled. Standardising the area assuming the bits of each substrate are 4.2 * 6 cm (which is the well size). All materials of similar complexity - small ‘bits’ used.
Tamburrietal.2008	2008	10.3500000	12.6500000	0.3000000	0.4500000	17	12	12	Density	Sessile	Invert_Polymer	Invert_Biogenic	Invert	Y	Bivalves	Bivalve	Crassostrea ariakensis west coast	Crassostrea ariakensis	Crassostrea		4.2x6cm	0.00252	Y	Tray	Horizontal	OystervsPVC	Oyster_CV	Biogenic_oyster	Biogenic_Polymer	Biogenic	PVC	Polymer_mix	Polymer_mix	Polymer	NA	NA	Final	0.070000	37.25	-76.5	USA	USA	tray	NA	NS	Table 4_clean	mean control and treatment are % settled larvae from table 4, /100 * 50 - to account for how many individuals have settled. Standardising the area assuming the bits of each substrate are 4.2 * 6 cm (which is the well size). All materials of similar complexity - small ‘bits’ used.
Tamburrietal.2008	2008	2.9000000	6.7500000	0.0000000	0.0000000	14	8	8	Density	Sessile	Invert_Polymer	Invert_Biogenic	Invert	Y	Bivalves	Bivalve	Crassostrea virginica	Crassostrea virginica	Crassostrea		4.2x6cm	0.00252	Y	Tray	Horizontal	OystervsPVC	Oyster_CV	Biogenic_oyster	Biogenic_Polymer	Biogenic	PVC	Polymer_mix	Polymer_mix	Polymer	NA	NA	Final	0.070000	37.25	-76.5	USA	USA	tray	NA	NS	Table 4_clean	mean control and treatment are % settled larvae from table 4, /100 * 50 - to account for how many individuals have settled. Standardising the area assuming the bits of each substrate are 4.2 * 6 cm (which is the well size). All materials of similar complexity - small ‘bits’ used.
Tamburrietal.2008	2008	1.8500000	4.1500000	0.0500000	0.2500000	18	12	12	Density	Sessile	Invert_Metal	Invert_Biogenic	Invert	Y	Bivalves	Bivalve	Crassostrea ariakensis south china	Crassostrea ariakensis	Crassostrea		4.2x6cm	0.00252	Y	Tray	Horizontal	OystervsSteel	Oyster_CV	Biogenic_oyster	Biogenic_Metal	Biogenic	Stainless Steel	Metal_stainless steel	Metal_stainless steel	Metal	NA	NA	Final	0.070000	37.25	-76.5	USA	USA	tray	NA	NS	Table 4_clean	mean control and treatment are % settled larvae from table 4, /100 * 50 - to account for how many individuals have settled. Standardising the area assuming the bits of each substrate are 4.2 * 6 cm (which is the well size). All materials of similar complexity - small ‘bits’ used.
Tamburrietal.2008	2008	10.3500000	12.6500000	0.1500000	0.4000000	17	12	12	Density	Sessile	Invert_Metal	Invert_Biogenic	Invert	Y	Bivalves	Bivalve	Crassostrea ariakensis west coast	Crassostrea ariakensis	Crassostrea		4.2x6cm	0.00252	Y	Tray	Horizontal	OystervsSteel	Oyster_CV	Biogenic_oyster	Biogenic_Metal	Biogenic	Stainless Steel	Metal_stainless steel	Metal_stainless steel	Metal	NA	NA	Final	0.070000	37.25	-76.5	USA	USA	tray	NA	NS	Table 4_clean	mean control and treatment are % settled larvae from table 4, /100 * 50 - to account for how many individuals have settled. Standardising the area assuming the bits of each substrate are 4.2 * 6 cm (which is the well size). All materials of similar complexity - small ‘bits’ used.
Tamburrietal.2008	2008	2.9000000	6.7500000	0.0000000	0.0000000	14	8	8	Density	Sessile	Invert_Metal	Invert_Biogenic	Invert	Y	Bivalves	Bivalve	Crassostrea virginica	Crassostrea virginica	Crassostrea		4.2x6cm	0.00252	Y	Tray	Horizontal	OystervsSteel	Oyster_CV	Biogenic_oyster	Biogenic_Metal	Biogenic	Stainless Steel	Metal_stainless steel	Metal_stainless steel	Metal	NA	NA	Final	0.070000	37.25	-76.5	USA	USA	tray	NA	NS	Table 4_clean	mean control and treatment are % settled larvae from table 4, /100 * 50 - to account for how many individuals have settled. Standardising the area assuming the bits of each substrate are 4.2 * 6 cm (which is the well size). All materials of similar complexity - small ‘bits’ used.
TyrellandByers2007	2007	71.2300000	26.6735824	75.9400000	28.7000819	3	3	3	Cover	Sessile	Invert_Metal	Invert_Rock	Invert	N	Invertebrates							0.0068	y	Tile	downfacing	marblevsaluminium	Marble	Rock_marble	Rock_Metal	Rock	Aluminium	Metal_aluminium	Metal_aluminium	Metal		3	Y	5.000000	43.3222° N	70.5805° W	Wells, Maine		2004_May_		USA	Figure 4c
TyrellandByers2007	2007	71.2300000	26.6735824	92.5100000	12.8400000	3	4	3	Cover	Sessile	Invert_Polymer	Invert_Rock	Invert	N	Invertebrates							0.0068	y	Tile	downfacing	marblevspvc	Marble	Rock_marble	Rock_Polymer	Rock	PVC	Polymer_mix	Polymer_mix	Polymer		3	Y	5.000000	43.3222° N	70.5805° W	Wells, Maine		2004_May_		USA	Figure 4c
TyrellandByers2007	2007	71.2300000	26.6735824	48.6600000	13.9200000	3	4	3	Cover	Sessile	Invert_Polymer	Invert_Rock	Invert	N	Invertebrates							0.0068	y	Tile	downfacing	marblevsrubber	Marble	Rock_marble	Rock_Polymer	Rock	Rubber	Polymer_rubber	Polymer_rubber	Polymer		3	Y	5.000000	43.3222° N	70.5805° W	Wells, Maine		2004_May_		USA	Figure 4c
TyrellandByers2007	2007	71.2300000	26.6735824	48.6600000	29.9600000	3	4	3	Cover	Sessile	Invert_Polymer	Invert_Rock	Invert	N	Invertebrates							0.0068	y	Tile	downfacing	marblevsstyrofoam	Marble	Rock_marble	Rock_Polymer	Rock	Styrofoam	Polymer_styrofoam	Polymer_styrofoam	Polymer		3	Y	5.000000	43.3222° N	70.5805° W	Wells, Maine		2004_May_		USA	Figure 4c
TyrellandByers2007	2007	60.4300000	38.5000000	75.9400000	28.7000819	4	3	3	Cover	Sessile	Invert_Metal	Invert_Biogenic	Invert	N	Invertebrates							0.0068	y	Tile	downfacing	shellvsaluminium	Shell	Biogenic_shell unclassified	Biogenic_Metal	Biogenic	Aluminium	Metal_aluminium	Metal_aluminium	Metal		3	Y	5.000000	43.3222° N	70.5805° W	Wells, Maine		2004_May_		USA	Figure 4c
TyrellandByers2007	2007	60.4300000	38.5000000	92.5100000	12.8400000	4	4	4	Cover	Sessile	Invert_Polymer	Invert_Biogenic	Invert	N	Invertebrates							0.0068	y	Tile	downfacing	shellvspvc	Shell	Biogenic_shell unclassified	Biogenic_Polymer	Biogenic	PVC	Polymer_mix	Polymer_mix	Polymer		3	Y	5.000000	43.3222° N	70.5805° W	Wells, Maine		2004_May_		USA	Figure 4c
TyrellandByers2007	2007	60.4300000	38.5000000	48.6600000	13.9200000	4	4	4	Cover	Sessile	Invert_Polymer	Invert_Biogenic	Invert	N	Invertebrates							0.0068	y	Tile	downfacing	shellvsrubber	Shell	Biogenic_shell unclassified	Biogenic_Polymer	Biogenic	Rubber	Polymer_rubber	Polymer_rubber	Polymer		3	Y	5.000000	43.3222° N	70.5805° W	Wells, Maine		2004_May_		USA	Figure 4c
TyrellandByers2007	2007	60.4300000	38.5000000	48.6600000	29.9600000	4	4	4	Cover	Sessile	Invert_Polymer	Invert_Biogenic	Invert	N	Invertebrates							0.0068	y	Tile	downfacing	shellvsstyrofoam	Shell	Biogenic_shell unclassified	Biogenic_Polymer	Biogenic	Styrofoam	Polymer_styrofoam	Polymer_styrofoam	Polymer		3	Y	5.000000	43.3222° N	70.5805° W	Wells, Maine		2004_May_		USA	Figure 4c
TyrellandByers2007	2007	80.7500000	20.3689175	75.9400000	28.7000819	3	3	3	Cover	Sessile	Invert_Metal	Invert_Rock	Invert	N	Invertebrates							0.0068	y	Tile	downfacing	slatevsaluminium	Slate	Rock_slate	Rock_Metal	Rock	Aluminium	Metal_aluminium	Metal_aluminium	Metal		3	Y	5.000000	43.3222° N	70.5805° W	Wells, Maine		2004_May_		USA	Figure 4c
TyrellandByers2007	2007	80.7500000	20.3689175	92.5100000	12.8400000	3	4	3	Cover	Sessile	Invert_Polymer	Invert_Rock	Invert	N	Invertebrates							0.0068	y	Tile	downfacing	slatevspvc	Slate	Rock_slate	Rock_Polymer	Rock	PVC	Polymer_mix	Polymer_mix	Polymer		3	Y	5.000000	43.3222° N	70.5805° W	Wells, Maine		2004_May_		USA	Figure 4c
TyrellandByers2007	2007	80.7500000	20.3689175	48.6600000	13.9200000	3	4	3	Cover	Sessile	Invert_Polymer	Invert_Rock	Invert	N	Invertebrates							0.0068	y	Tile	downfacing	slatevsrubber	Slate	Rock_slate	Rock_Polymer	Rock	Rubber	Polymer_rubber	Polymer_rubber	Polymer		3	Y	5.000000	43.3222° N	70.5805° W	Wells, Maine		2004_May_		USA	Figure 4c
TyrellandByers2007	2007	80.7500000	20.3689175	48.6600000	29.9600000	3	4	3	Cover	Sessile	Invert_Polymer	Invert_Rock	Invert	N	Invertebrates							0.0068	y	Tile	downfacing	slatevsstyrofoam	Slate	Rock_slate	Rock_Polymer	Rock	Styrofoam	Polymer_styrofoam	Polymer_styrofoam	Polymer		3	Y	5.000000	43.3222° N	70.5805° W	Wells, Maine		2004_May_		USA	Figure 4c
TyrellandByers2007	2007	59.8900000	43.5437573	75.9400000	28.7000819	3	3	3	Cover	Sessile	Invert_Metal	Invert_Wood	Invert	N	Invertebrates							0.0068	y	Tile	downfacing	woodvsaluminium	Wood	Wood_unclassified	Wood_Metal	Wood	Aluminium	Metal_aluminium	Metal_aluminium	Metal		3	Y	5.000000	43.3222° N	70.5805° W	Wells, Maine		2004_May_		USA	Figure 4c
TyrellandByers2007	2007	59.8900000	43.5437573	92.5100000	12.8400000	3	4	3	Cover	Sessile	Invert_Polymer	Invert_Wood	Invert	N	Invertebrates							0.0068	y	Tile	downfacing	woodvspvc	Wood	Wood_unclassified	Wood_Polymer	Wood	PVC	Polymer_mix	Polymer_mix	Polymer		3	Y	5.000000	43.3222° N	70.5805° W	Wells, Maine		2004_May_		USA	Figure 4c
TyrellandByers2007	2007	59.8900000	43.5437573	48.6600000	13.9200000	3	4	3	Cover	Sessile	Invert_Polymer	Invert_Wood	Invert	N	Invertebrates							0.0068	y	Tile	downfacing	woodvsrubber	Wood	Wood_unclassified	Wood_Polymer	Wood	Rubber	Polymer_rubber	Polymer_rubber	Polymer		3	Y	5.000000	43.3222° N	70.5805° W	Wells, Maine		2004_May_		USA	Figure 4c
TyrellandByers2007	2007	59.8900000	43.5437573	48.6600000	29.9600000	3	4	3	Cover	Sessile	Invert_Polymer	Invert_Wood	Invert	N	Invertebrates							0.0068	y	Tile	downfacing	woodvsstyrofoam	Wood	Wood_unclassified	Wood_Polymer	Wood	Styrofoam	Polymer_styrofoam	Polymer_styrofoam	Polymer		3	Y	5.000000	43.3222° N	70.5805° W	Wells, Maine		2004_May_		USA	Figure 4c
Vaz-pinto et al 2013	2013	83.6025000	32.9259394	81.2752000	26.5794628	12	12	12	Cover	Sessile	Algae_Polymer	Algae_Rock	Algae	N		Algae	All				7x7cm	0.0049	Y	Tile		FibreglassvsBassalt	Basalt	Rock_basalt	Rock_Polymer	Rock	Fibreglass	Polymer_fibreglass	Polymer_fibreglass	Polymer	1m	subtidal	Final	3.000000	37.7804	25.497	Sao Miguel, Azores	Mid-Atlantic	Marinas_winter deploy_3	Sheltered	Significant	Figure4a/b- Winter deployment	Added native and non-native species together
Vaz-pinto et al 2013	2013	83.6025000	32.9259394	88.0612000	32.9249002	12	12	12	Cover	Sessile	Algae_Concrete	Algae_Rock	Algae	N		Algae	All				7x7cm	0.0049	Y	Tile		ConcretevsBassalt	Basalt	Rock_basalt	Rock_Concrete	Rock	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	1m	subtidal	Final	3.000000	37.7804	25.497	Sao Miguel, Azores	Mid-Atlantic	Marinas_winter deploy_3	Sheltered	Significant	Figure4a/b- Winter deployment	Added native and non-native species together
Vaz-pinto et al 2013	2013	98.3119000	43.4668542	93.5321000	25.1281428	12	12	12	Cover	Sessile	Algae_Polymer	Algae_Rock	Algae	N		Algae	All				7x7cm	0.0049	Y	Tile		FibreglassvsBassalt	Basalt	Rock_basalt	Rock_Polymer	Rock	Fibreglass	Polymer_fibreglass	Polymer_fibreglass	Polymer	1m	subtidal	Final	3.000000	37.7804	25.497	Sao Miguel, Azores	Mid-Atlantic	Marinas_summer deploy_3	Sheltered	Significant	Figure4a/b- Summer deployment	Added native and non-native species together
Vaz-pinto et al 2013	2013	98.3119000	43.4668542	104.4893000	33.3592985	12	12	12	Cover	Sessile	Algae_Concrete	Algae_Rock	Algae	N		Algae	All				7x7cm	0.0049	Y	Tile		ConcretevsBassalt	Basalt	Rock_basalt	Rock_Concrete	Rock	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	1m	subtidal	Final	3.000000	37.7804	25.497	Sao Miguel, Azores	Mid-Atlantic	Marinas_summer deploy_3	Sheltered	Significant	Figure4a/b- Summer deployment	Added native and non-native species together
Vaz-pinto et al 2013	2013	105.5714000	58.7435424	91.5660000	62.0361709	12	12	12	Cover	Sessile	Algae_Polymer	Algae_Rock	Algae	N		Algae	All				7x7cm	0.0049	Y	Tile		FibreglassvsBassalt	Basalt	Rock_basalt	Rock_Polymer	Rock	Fibreglass	Polymer_fibreglass	Polymer_fibreglass	Polymer	1m	subtidal	Final	12.000000	37.7804	25.497	Sao Miguel, Azores	Mid-Atlantic	Marinas_summer deploy_12	Sheltered	Significant	Figure4a/b- Summer deployment	Added native and non-native species together
Vaz-pinto et al 2013	2013	105.5714000	58.7435424	96.4366000	70.3500148	12	12	12	Cover	Sessile	Algae_Concrete	Algae_Rock	Algae	N		Algae	All				7x7cm	0.0049	Y	Tile		ConcretevsBassalt	Basalt	Rock_basalt	Rock_Concrete	Rock	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	1m	subtidal	Final	12.000000	37.7804	25.497	Sao Miguel, Azores	Mid-Atlantic	Marinas_summer deploy_12	Sheltered	Significant	Figure4a/b- Summer deployment	Added native and non-native species together
Vaz-pinto et al 2013	2013	121.0540000	33.9655163	106.8356000	34.3105409	12	12	12	Cover	Sessile	Algae_Polymer	Algae_Rock	Algae	N		Algae	All				7x7cm	0.0049	Y	Tile		FibreglassvsBassalt	Basalt	Rock_basalt	Rock_Polymer	Rock	Fibreglass	Polymer_fibreglass	Polymer_fibreglass	Polymer	1m	subtidal	Final	12.000000	37.7804	25.497	Sao Miguel, Azores	Mid-Atlantic	Marinas_winter deploy_12	Sheltered	Significant	Figure4a/b- Winter deployment	Added native and non-native species together
Vaz-pinto et al 2013	2013	121.0540000	33.9655163	112.4108000	53.2009798	12	12	12	Cover	Sessile	Algae_Concrete	Algae_Rock	Algae	N		Algae	All				7x7cm	0.0049	Y	Tile		ConcretevsBassalt	Basalt	Rock_basalt	Rock_Concrete	Rock	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	1m	subtidal	Final	12.000000	37.7804	25.497	Sao Miguel, Azores	Mid-Atlantic	Marinas_winter deploy_12	Sheltered	Significant	Figure4a/b- Winter deployment	Added native and non-native species together
Anderson & Underwood 1994	1994	5.2228800	1.0049277	1.5654200	0.8658701	6	6	6	Richness	Sessile	Sessile_Metal	Sessile_Wood	Sessile	N		Sessile	All				10 x 10 cm	0.01	Y	Tiles	Downward facing	plywoodvsaluminim	plywood	Wood_plywood	Wood_Metal	Wood	Aluminium	Metal_aluminium	Metal_aluminium	Metal	low	Intertidal	Final	1.000000	-34.01666667	151.1833333	Australia	Tasman	Exp 1-Jan deployment 1	Sheltered	Significant	Fig 3
Reid et al 2015	2015	2.3000000	0.3000000	1.5000000	0.5000000	3	4	3	Richness	Sessile	Sessile_Polymer	Sessile_Wood	Sessile	N		Sessile	Algae/Invertebrate				11x11cm	0.0121	Y	Tile	Parallel to shoreline (vertical or slanted)	WoodvsArylic	Wood	Wood_unclassified	Wood_Polymer	Wood	Acrylic	Polymer_mix	Polymer_mix	Polymer		subtidal	Final	2.000000	40.6683	74.0455	USA - Harlem River Park	North Atlantic	Gabion	Exposed/sheltered	Significant	Table 5 onwards - tables only	Only settlement plates from the full 2 month deployment can be considered. All plated deployed sub tidally. But on different ‘background’ substrates (seawalls vs gabions), this is considered OK, as we’re looking for overall trends in colonisation of materials, and can take background substrate into account if needed. No mobile spp data can be included from this study as the results were from complete settlement structures including multiple materials, all grouped together. Replicates varied across sites and settlement plate material.
Reid et al 2015	2015	2.3000000	0.3000000	1.5000000	0.5000000	2	4	2	Richness	Sessile	Sessile_Clay	Sessile_Wood	Sessile	N		Sessile	Algae/Invertebrate				11x11cm	0.0121	Y	Tile	Parallel to shoreline (vertical or slanted)	woodvsceramic	Wood	Wood_unclassified	Wood_Clay	Wood	Ceramic_unglazed	Clay	Ceramic_unglazed	Clay		subtidal	Final	2.000000	40.6683	74.0455	USA - Harlem River Park	North Atlantic	Gabion	Exposed/sheltered	HarlemRiverPark	Table 5 onwards - tables only	Only settlement plates from the full 2 month deployment can be considered. All plated deployed sub tidally. But on different ‘background’ substrates (seawalls vs gabions), this is considered OK, as we’re looking for overall trends in colonisation of materials, and can take background substrate into account if needed. No mobile spp data can be included from this study as the results were from complete settlement structures including multiple materials, all grouped together. Replicates varied across sites and settlement plate material.
Reid et al 2015	2015	2.2000000	0.2000000	1.5000000	0.3000000	4	5	4	Richness	Sessile	Sessile_Clay	Sessile_Wood	Sessile	N		Sessile	Algae/Invertebrate				11x11cm	0.0121	Y	Tile	Parallel to shoreline (vertical or slanted)	CeramicvsArylic	Wood	Wood_unclassified	Wood_Clay	Wood	Ceramic_unglazed	Clay	Ceramic_unglazed	Clay		subtidal	Final	2.000000	40.6683	74.0455	USA - West Harlem Piers	North Atlantic	Seawalls	Exposed/sheltered	Significant	Table 5 onwards - tables only	Only settlement plates from the full 2 month deployment can be considered. All plated deployed sub tidally. But on different ‘background’ substrates (seawalls vs gabions), this is considered OK, as we’re looking for overall trends in colonisation of materials, and can take background substrate into account if needed. No mobile spp data can be included from this study as the results were from complete settlement structures including multiple materials, all grouped together. Replicates varied across sites and settlement plate material.
Reid et al 2015	2015	1.6000000	0.2000000	1.5000000	0.3000000	4	5	4	Richness	Sessile	Sessile_Clay	Sessile_Rock	Sessile	N		Sessile	Algae/Invertebrate				11x11cm	0.0121	Y	Tile	Parallel to shoreline (vertical or slanted)	slatevsceramic	Slate	Rock_slate	Rock_Clay	Rock	Ceramic_unglazed	Clay	Ceramic_unglazed	Clay		subtidal	Final	2.000000	40.6683	74.0455	USA - West Harlem Piers	North Atlantic	Seawalls	Exposed/sheltered	Significant	Table 5 onwards - tables only	Only settlement plates from the full 2 month deployment can be considered. All plated deployed sub tidally. But on different ‘background’ substrates (seawalls vs gabions), this is considered OK, as we’re looking for overall trends in colonisation of materials, and can take background substrate into account if needed. No mobile spp data can be included from this study as the results were from complete settlement structures including multiple materials, all grouped together. Replicates varied across sites and settlement plate material.
Reid et al 2015	2015	1.0000000	1.0000000	1.5000000	0.5000000	2	4	2	Richness	Sessile	Sessile_Clay	Sessile_Rock	Sessile	N		Sessile	Algae/Invertebrate				11x11cm	0.0121	Y	Tile	Parallel to shoreline (vertical or slanted)	CeramicvsArylic	Slate	Rock_slate	Rock_Clay	Rock	Ceramic_unglazed	Clay	Ceramic_unglazed	Clay		subtidal	Final	2.000000	40.6683	74.0455	USA - Harlem River Park	North Atlantic	Gabion	Exposed/sheltered	HarlemRiverPark	Table 5 onwards - tables only	Only settlement plates from the full 2 month deployment can be considered. All plated deployed sub tidally. But on different ‘background’ substrates (seawalls vs gabions), this is considered OK, as we’re looking for overall trends in colonisation of materials, and can take background substrate into account if needed. No mobile spp data can be included from this study as the results were from complete settlement structures including multiple materials, all grouped together. Replicates varied across sites and settlement plate material.
Reid et al 2015	2015	1.0000000	1.0000000	1.5000000	0.5000000	2	4	2	Richness	Sessile	Sessile_Polymer	Sessile_Rock	Sessile	N		Sessile	Algae/Invertebrate				11x11cm	0.0121	Y	Tile	Parallel to shoreline (vertical or slanted)	SlatevsArylic	Slate	Rock_slate	Rock_Polymer	Rock	Acrylic	Polymer_mix	Polymer_mix	Polymer		subtidal	Final	2.000000	40.6683	74.0455	USA - Harlem River Park	North Atlantic	Gabion	Exposed/sheltered	Significant	Table 5 onwards - tables only	Only settlement plates from the full 2 month deployment can be considered. All plated deployed sub tidally. But on different ‘background’ substrates (seawalls vs gabions), this is considered OK, as we’re looking for overall trends in colonisation of materials, and can take background substrate into account if needed. No mobile spp data can be included from this study as the results were from complete settlement structures including multiple materials, all grouped together. Replicates varied across sites and settlement plate material.
Reid et al 2015	2015	2.0000000	0.0000000	1.3000000	0.9000000	3	3	3	Richness	Sessile	Sessile_Polymer	Sessile_Wood	Sessile	N		Sessile	Algae/Invertebrate				11x11cm	0.0121	Y	Tile	Parallel to shoreline (vertical or slanted)	WoodvsArylic	Wood	Wood_unclassified	Wood_Polymer	Wood	Acrylic	Polymer_mix	Polymer_mix	Polymer		subtidal	Final	2.000000	40.6683	74.0455	USA - Harlem River Park	North Atlantic	Seawalls	Exposed/sheltered	Significant	Table 5 onwards - tables only	Only settlement plates from the full 2 month deployment can be considered. All plated deployed sub tidally. But on different ‘background’ substrates (seawalls vs gabions), this is considered OK, as we’re looking for overall trends in colonisation of materials, and can take background substrate into account if needed. No mobile spp data can be included from this study as the results were from complete settlement structures including multiple materials, all grouped together. Replicates varied across sites and settlement plate material.
Reid et al 2015	2015	1.0000000	0.0000000	1.3000000	0.9000000	2	3	2	Richness	Sessile	Sessile_Polymer	Sessile_Rock	Sessile	N		Sessile	Algae/Invertebrate				11x11cm	0.0121	Y	Tile	Parallel to shoreline (vertical or slanted)	SlatevsArylic	Slate	Rock_slate	Rock_Polymer	Rock	Acrylic	Polymer_mix	Polymer_mix	Polymer		subtidal	Final	2.000000	40.6683	74.0455	USA - Harlem River Park	North Atlantic	Seawalls	Exposed/sheltered	Significant	Table 5 onwards - tables only	Only settlement plates from the full 2 month deployment can be considered. All plated deployed sub tidally. But on different ‘background’ substrates (seawalls vs gabions), this is considered OK, as we’re looking for overall trends in colonisation of materials, and can take background substrate into account if needed. No mobile spp data can be included from this study as the results were from complete settlement structures including multiple materials, all grouped together. Replicates varied across sites and settlement plate material.
Reid et al 2015	2015	0.7000000	0.7000000	1.3000000	0.9000000	3	5	3	Richness	Sessile	Sessile_Polymer	Sessile_Wood	Sessile	N		Sessile	Algae/Invertebrate				11x11cm	0.0121	Y	Tile	Parallel to shoreline (vertical or slanted)	WoodvsArylic	Wood	Wood_unclassified	Wood_Polymer	Wood	Acrylic	Polymer_mix	Polymer_mix	Polymer		subtidal	Final	2.000000	40.6683	74.0455	USA - West Harlem Piers	North Atlantic	Riprap	Exposed/sheltered	Significant	Table 5 onwards - tables only	Only settlement plates from the full 2 month deployment can be considered. All plated deployed sub tidally. But on different ‘background’ substrates (seawalls vs gabions), this is considered OK, as we’re looking for overall trends in colonisation of materials, and can take background substrate into account if needed. No mobile spp data can be included from this study as the results were from complete settlement structures including multiple materials, all grouped together. Replicates varied across sites and settlement plate material.
Walker 2002	2002	641.0000000	142.0000000	543.0000000	182.0000000	4	4	4	Density	Fish	Fish_Polymer	Fish_Rock	Fish	N		Fish	All				25x1.2m diameter, 25x1.5m diamter	1	Y	Reef	mixed	RockvsTire	Limestone	Rock_limestone	Rock_Polymer	Rock	Rubber	Polymer_rubber	Polymer_rubber	Polymer	NA	subtidal	Final	12.000000	25.77	-80.14	USA	Atlantic	Reef	sheltered	NS	Text
Walker 2002	2002	641.0000000	142.0000000	522.0000000	128.0000000	4	4	4	Density	Fish	Fish_Concrete	Fish_Rock	Fish	N		Fish	All				25x1.2m diameter, 25x1.5m diamter	1	Y	Reef	mixed	RockvsConcrete	Limestone	Rock_limestone	Rock_Concrete	Rock	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	NA	subtidal	Final	12.000000	25.77	-80.14	USA	Atlantic	Reef	sheltered	NS	Text
Gersun et al. 2016	2016	3.5800000	1.0500000	2.5000000	0.9700000	15	15	15	Cover	Sessile	Algae_Clay	Algae_Rock	Algae	Y	Coralline_Algae	EncrustingCoralline	All	Corallinales	Corallinales		9.1x9.7	0.0094	Y	Tile	upward facing	marblevsceramic	marble	Rock_marble	Rock_Clay	Rock	Ceramic_unglazed	Clay	Clay_unglazed	Clay	NA	subtidal	Final	6.000000	-27.524722	32.676944	2 mile reef, South Africa	Indian Ocean	Reef	subtidal	NS	Table 4
Ushiama2016	2016	138.0600000	20.3820000	158.1210000	29.2960000	8	8	8	Density	Sessile	Sessile_Polymer	Sessile_Rock	Sessile	No			All				11x11cm	0.0121	Y	Tile	mixed	RockvsPerspex	Sandstone	Rock_sandstone	Rock_Polymer	Rock	Perspex	Polymer_mix	Polymer_mix	Polymer	NA	subtidal	Final	3.000000	-33.83	151.29	Australia	East	Reef	exposed	Significant	Figure 3
Ushiama2016	2016	138.0600000	20.3820000	90.2870000	17.8344000	8	8	8	Density	Sessile	Sessile_Metal	Sessile_Rock	Sessile	No			All				11x11cm	0.0121	Y	Tile	mixed	RockvsSteel	Sandstone	Rock_sandstone	Rock_Metal	Rock	Steel	Metal_steel	Metal_steel	Metal	NA	subtidal	Final	3.000000	-33.83	151.29	Australia	East	Reef	exposed	Significant	Figure 3
Ushiama2016	2016	123.0960000	11.4600000	158.1210000	29.2960000	8	8	8	Density	Sessile	Sessile_Polymer	Sessile_Wood	Sessile	No			All				11x11cm	0.0121	Y	Tile	mixed	WoodvsPerspex	Turpentine Tree	Wood_unclassified	Wood_Polymer	Wood	Perspex	Polymer_mix	Polymer_mix	Polymer	NA	subtidal	Final	3.000000	-33.83	151.29	Australia	East	Reef	exposed	Significant	Figure 3
Ushiama2016	2016	123.0960000	11.4600000	90.2870000	17.8344000	8	8	8	Density	Sessile	Sessile_Metal	Sessile_Wood	Sessile	No			All				11x11cm	0.0121	Y	Tile	mixed	WoodvsSteel	Turpentine Tree	Wood_unclassified	Wood_Metal	Wood	Steel	Metal_steel	Metal_steel	Metal	NA	subtidal	Final	3.000000	-33.83	151.29	Australia	East	Reef	exposed	Significant	Figure 3
Reid et al 2015	2015	0.7000000	0.7000000	1.3000000	0.7000000	3	3	3	Richness	Sessile	Sessile_Clay	Sessile_Wood	Sessile	N		Sessile	Algae/Invertebrate				11x11cm	0.0121	Y	Tile	Parallel to shoreline (vertical or slanted)	CeramicvsArylic	Wood	Wood_unclassified	Wood_Clay	Wood	Ceramic_unglazed	Clay	Ceramic_unglazed	Clay		subtidal	Final	2.000000	40.6683	74.0455	USA - West Harlem Piers	North Atlantic	Riprap	Exposed/sheltered	Significant	Table 5 onwards - tables only	Only settlement plates from the full 2 month deployment can be considered. All plated deployed sub tidally. But on different ‘background’ substrates (seawalls vs gabions), this is considered OK, as we’re looking for overall trends in colonisation of materials, and can take background substrate into account if needed. No mobile spp data can be included from this study as the results were from complete settlement structures including multiple materials, all grouped together. Replicates varied across sites and settlement plate material.
Vaz-pinto et al 2013	2013	2.4545500	0.4723649	0.7272730	0.6298360	12	12	12	Richness	Sessile	Sessile_Polymer	Sessile_Rock	Sessile	N		Invertebrates (and algae)	All				7x7cm	0.0049	Y	Tile		FibreglassvsBassalt	Basalt	Rock_basalt	Rock_Polymer	Rock	Fibreglass	Polymer_fibreglass	Polymer_fibreglass	Polymer	1m	subtidal	Final	3.000000	37.7804	25.497	Sao Miguel, Azores	Mid-Atlantic	Marinas_winter deploy_3	Sheltered	Significant	Figure2a/b- Winter deployment	Added native and non-native species together
Reid et al 2015	2015	2.0000000	0.0000000	0.5000000	0.5000000	2	3	2	Richness	Sessile	Sessile_Clay	Sessile_Wood	Sessile	N		Sessile	Algae/Invertebrate				11x11cm	0.0121	Y	Tile	Parallel to shoreline (vertical or slanted)	woodvsceramic	Wood	Wood_unclassified	Wood_Clay	Wood	Ceramic_unglazed	Clay	Ceramic_unglazed	Clay		subtidal	Final	2.000000	40.6683	74.0455	USA - Harlem River Park	North Atlantic	Seawalls	Exposed/sheltered	HarlemRiverPark	Table 5 onwards - tables only	Only settlement plates from the full 2 month deployment can be considered. All plated deployed sub tidally. But on different ‘background’ substrates (seawalls vs gabions), this is considered OK, as we’re looking for overall trends in colonisation of materials, and can take background substrate into account if needed. No mobile spp data can be included from this study as the results were from complete settlement structures including multiple materials, all grouped together. Replicates varied across sites and settlement plate material.
Reid et al 2015	2015	1.0000000	0.0000000	0.5000000	0.5000000	2	3	2	Richness	Sessile	Sessile_Clay	Sessile_Rock	Sessile	N		Sessile	Algae/Invertebrate				11x11cm	0.0121	Y	Tile	Parallel to shoreline (vertical or slanted)	CeramicvsArylic	Slate	Rock_slate	Rock_Clay	Rock	Ceramic_unglazed	Clay	Ceramic_unglazed	Clay		subtidal	Final	2.000000	40.6683	74.0455	USA - Harlem River Park	North Atlantic	Seawalls	Exposed/sheltered	HarlemRiverPark	Table 5 onwards - tables only	Only settlement plates from the full 2 month deployment can be considered. All plated deployed sub tidally. But on different ‘background’ substrates (seawalls vs gabions), this is considered OK, as we’re looking for overall trends in colonisation of materials, and can take background substrate into account if needed. No mobile spp data can be included from this study as the results were from complete settlement structures including multiple materials, all grouped together. Replicates varied across sites and settlement plate material.
Urh2017	2017	42.8800000	NA	26.9800000	NA	2	2	2	Density	Benthic	Invert_Polymer	Invert_Rock	Invert	No			All				14x14cm	0.0196	y	Tile	downfacing		Slate	Rock_slate	Rock_Polymer	Rock	Fibreglass	Polymer_fibreglass	Polymer_fibreglass	Polymer	NA	Floating	Final	4.602738	42.363667	71.034167	USA	East Boston Shipyard and Marina located in Boston, Massachusetts	Tiles	NA		Table 3
Urh2017	2017	42.8800000	NA	34.8500000	NA	2	2	2	Density	Benthic	Invert_Concrete	Invert_Rock	Invert	No			All				14x14cm	0.0196	y	Tile	downfacing		Slate	Rock_slate	Rock_Concrete	Rock	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	NA	Floating	Final	4.602738	42.363667	71.034167	USA	East Boston Shipyard and Marina located in Boston, Massachusetts	Tiles	NA		Table 3
Urh2017	2017	42.8800000	NA	35.1500000	NA	2	2	2	Density	Benthic	Invert_Polymer	Invert_Rock	Invert	No			All				14x14cm	0.0196	y	Tile	downfacing		Slate	Rock_slate	Rock_Polymer	Rock	PVC	Polymer_mix	Polymer_mix	Polymer	NA	Floating	Final	4.602738	42.363667	71.034167	USA	East Boston Shipyard and Marina located in Boston, Massachusetts	Tiles	NA		Table 3
Urh2017	2017	1.9432000	NA	0.7603000	NA	2	2	2	Cover	Sessile	Invert_Concrete	Invert_Rock	Invert	No			All				14x14cm	0.0196	y	Tile	downfacing		Slate	Rock_slate	Rock_Concrete	Rock	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	Concrete	NA	Floating	Final	4.602738	42.363667	71.034167	USA	East Boston Shipyard and Marina located in Boston, Massachusetts	Tiles	NA		Table 3
Urh2017	2017	1.9432000	NA	0.8529000	NA	2	2	2	Cover	Sessile	Invert_Polymer	Invert_Rock	Invert	No			All				14x14cm	0.0196	y	Tile	downfacing		Slate	Rock_slate	Rock_Polymer	Rock	Fibreglass	Polymer_fibreglass	Polymer_fibreglass	Polymer	NA	Floating	Final	4.602738	42.363667	71.034167	USA	East Boston Shipyard and Marina located in Boston, Massachusetts	Tiles	NA		Table 3
Urh2017	2017	1.9432000	NA	1.4423000	NA	2	2	2	Cover	Sessile	Invert_Polymer	Invert_Rock	Invert	No			All				14x14cm	0.0196	y	Tile	downfacing		Slate	Rock_slate	Rock_Polymer	Rock	PVC	Polymer_mix	Polymer_mix	Polymer	NA	Floating	Final	4.602738	42.363667	71.034167	USA	East Boston Shipyard and Marina located in Boston, Massachusetts	Tiles	NA		Table 3

# this is the data we want to make available: 
meta %>%
  download_this(
    output_name = "General_community_dataset",
    output_extension = ".csv",
    button_type = "default",
    has_icon = T, 
    icon = "fa fa-save",
    csv2 = F
  )

Download data

1.3 Definitions

Note on definitions used in the analysis:

Parameters: included in the analyses are (Biomass and Growth have been excluded from the dataset, as they had low data availability and are not directly comparable to cover, density and richness):

## [1] "Cover"    "Density"  "Richness"

Function: these are the included functional groups:

## [1] "Algae"   "Benthic" "Fish"    "Invert"  "Sessile"

1.3.1 Control

Control: these are substrates that are considered NATURAL and have not undergone a transformative process:

levels(meta$Control)

## [1] "Biogenic" "Rock"     "Wood"

And the detailed breakdown of included natural materials: Biogenic (details)

meta %>%
  dplyr::filter(Control == "Biogenic") %>%
  {    unique(.$Control_detail)  }

## [1] Coral                Shell                Shell_clam          
## [4] Shell_oyster         Coral_rubble crushed Oyster_CA           
## [7] Oyster_CV           
## 28 Levels: Basalt Coral Coral_rubble crushed Gabbro Granite ... Wood_vitex parviflora molave

Rock (details)

meta %>%
  dplyr::filter(Control == "Rock") %>%
  {    unique(.$Control_detail)  }

##  [1] Rock               Limestone          Sandstone          Basalt            
##  [5] Rock (sandstone)   Granite            Gabbro             River Rock        
##  [9] Siltstone          Rock_quarried rock Slate              Marble            
## [13] marble            
## 28 Levels: Basalt Coral Coral_rubble crushed Gabbro Granite ... Wood_vitex parviflora molave

Wood (details)

meta %>%
  dplyr::filter(Control == "Wood") %>%
  {    unique(.$Control_detail)  }

## [1] plywood                      Wood                        
## [3] Turpentine Tree              Wood_pine                   
## [5] Wood_3                       Wood_5                      
## [7] Wood_oak salt treated        Wood_vitex parviflora molave
## 28 Levels: Basalt Coral Coral_rubble crushed Gabbro Granite ... Wood_vitex parviflora molave

1.3.2 Treatment

Treatment: these are substrates that are considered ARTIFICIAL and are either completely manufactured or have undergone a some kind of transformative process:

levels(meta$Treatment)

## [1] "Clay"     "Concrete" "Metal"    "Polymer"

Detailed breakdown of included artificial materials:

Clay (details)

meta %>%
  dplyr::filter(Treatment =="Clay") %>%
  { unique(.$Treatment_detail) }

## [1] Terracotta       Porcelain        Ceramic_unglazed Brick           
## [5] Brick fragments 
## 29 Levels: Acrylic Aluminium Brick Brick fragments Cement ... Terracotta

Concrete (details)

meta %>%
  dplyr::filter(Treatment =="Concrete") %>%
  { unique(.$Treatment_detail) }

## [1] Concrete                 Concrete_2               Concrete_6              
## [4] Cement                   Concrete_recycled rubble
## 29 Levels: Acrylic Aluminium Brick Brick fragments Cement ... Terracotta

Metal (details)

meta %>%
  dplyr::filter(Treatment =="Metal") %>%
  { unique(.$Treatment_detail) }

## [1] Aluminium       Metal           Steel           Metal_nickel   
## [5] Enamelled Metal Rusty metal     Stainless Steel
## 29 Levels: Acrylic Aluminium Brick Brick fragments Cement ... Terracotta

Polymer (details)

meta %>%
  dplyr::filter(Treatment =="Polymer") %>%
  { unique(.$Treatment_detail) }

##  [1] Fibreglass                Rubber                   
##  [3] Perspex                   HDPE                     
##  [5] PVC                       Plexi                    
##  [7] Polycarbonate             Acrylic                  
##  [9] Plexi_methyl methacrylate Plastic                  
## [11] Plastic_polypropylene     Styrofoam                
## 29 Levels: Acrylic Aluminium Brick Brick fragments Cement ... Terracotta

2 DATA WRANGLING

2.1 Dealing with ZEROS

The method we’re using for ESCALC - the log ratio of means, cannot handle zeros in the denominator/numerator as you can’t take a log of zero.

To deal with zeros we can either, run the model:

• with the zeros removed, or
• with the zero values having 0.5 added to them.

We have chosen to keep the data - rather than just remove the zeros - as the means or SDs of controls and treatments that contain zeros, make up ~14% of the data.

Here we add a constant of 0.5 to SDs of control and treatment, and means of control and treatment.

#first lets see how many zeros there are:
meta_zeros <- meta %>%
  filter(MeanControl == 0.0 |
           MeanTreatment == 0.0 | SDControl == 0.0 | SDTreatment == 0.0)
# 98 rows with zeros in means or SDs

# # Removing Zeros - this works, but not used
# meta_no_zeros <- meta[meta$MeanControl != 0, ]
# meta_no_zeros <- meta_no_zeros[meta_no_zeros$MeanTreatment != 0, ]
# meta_no_zeros <- meta_no_zeros[meta_no_zeros$SDControl != 0, ]
# meta_no_zeros <- meta_no_zeros[meta_no_zeros$SDTreatment != 0, ]
# # 650 from 749 - removed 99. 

#meta <- meta_no_zeros  # the option for just removing all rows with zeros. 

# there are 99 instances in total of 749 possibles. 
# this is 13.21% - we would prefer to retain the data, and therefore 
# have added 0.5 to everything.
meta_05 <- meta %>%
  mutate_at(vars(c(
    "SDControl", "SDTreatment", "MeanControl", "MeanTreatment"
  )),
  ~ . + 0.5)
#using the 0.5 option.. (leaves in Nas)
meta <- meta_05
rm(meta_05, meta_zeros) #clearing variables no longer needed. 

# check output
#head(meta)

2.2 Dropping or replacing SD blanks

Previously we left blank SDs out, but this also removed a lot of data. A better practice is to use the function of the log of the SD and the control or treatment means to replace the missing data.

We fill the missing SDs for each parameter separately.

Checks: How many studies/datapoints have missing SDs?

#datapoints with missing SDs:
meta_gaps <- meta %>% filter(is.na(SDControl) & is.na(SDTreatment))
#using only complete pairs for developing the function
meta_no_gaps <- meta %>% filter(!is.na(SDControl) & !is.na(SDTreatment))

There are 126 datapoints missing SDs out of 813 in the full dataset. This equates to 15.5 % of datapoints.

For the habitat forming subset there are

meta_gaps %>% filter(Habitat.Forming...Y.N. == "Y") %>% nrow()

## [1] 43

datapoints missing SDs out of

meta %>% filter(Habitat.Forming...Y.N. == "Y") %>% nrow()

## [1] 332

habitat forming species datapoints in total. This is

round((meta_gaps %>% 
         filter(Habitat.Forming...Y.N. == "Y") %>%
         nrow()) / 
        (meta %>% 
           filter(Habitat.Forming...Y.N. == "Y") %>%
           nrow()) *
        100,
      2)

## [1] 12.95

%.

There are 7 studies with gaps in SDs from a total of 33 studies in the dataset. This equates to 21.21%.

Less than ~20-30% is considered OK.

The studies with missing SDs are:

##   unique(meta_gaps$Study)
## 1  Chapman & Clynick 2006
## 2               Chase2015
## 3       Graham et al 2016
## 4              Hanson1976
## 5              Hills 1996
## 6            Olaliaet2009
## 7                 Urh2017

The parameters that are missing at least one SD include: Cover, Density, Richness, (i.e. all of them).

The distribution of missing SD is as follows:

# showing data in .html version of doc
kable(a, "html") %>%
  kable_styling("striped", position = "left") %>%
  scroll_box(width = "100%",
             height = "100%")

names	Cover	Density	Richness
No. datapoints missing SD	58.00000	36.00000	32.00000
Total no. datapoints	490.00000	235.00000	88.00000
Percentage datapoints missing SD	11.83673	15.31915	36.36364

rm(a)

Filling in the missing SDs for both the controls and the treatments, separately:

2.2.1 RICHNESS Control:

Calculations

#Original data
plot(meta_no_gaps$MeanControl, meta_no_gaps$SDControl)

#Logged data
# plotting trend lines per parameter and overall trend line.
p05 <-
  ggplot(meta_no_gaps, aes(x = log10(MeanControl) , y = log10(SDControl))) +
  geom_point(aes(colour = Parameter)) +
  stat_smooth (method = "lm", aes (colour = Parameter), se = F) +
  stat_smooth(method = "lm", aes(), se = F)
ggsave(p05, filename = "./outputs/natural/control_mean_sd.tiff", width = 10)

# find the equation of the line: 
#lm(y~x)
#must log10 ..data as with the plot. 
reg_2_05 <- lm(log10(meta_no_gaps$SDControl) ~log10(meta_no_gaps$MeanControl))
# check this against the plot
plot(log10(meta_no_gaps$MeanControl), log10(meta_no_gaps$SDControl))
abline(reg_2_05, col = "blue")

#model results summary
coef(reg_2_05)
paste('log10(SD) =',
      coef(reg_2_05)[[2]],
      '* log10(mean)',
      '+',
      coef(reg_2_05)[[1]])

# using the results from the lm() to "predict" or fill the gaps in the original 
#data frame: 
#only replacing SDs for Richness - 
# cover and density will be done independently below. 
meta_rich <- meta %>%
  filter(Parameter %in% c("Richness")) %>%
  mutate(SDControl = ifelse(is.na(SDControl),
                            10 ^ ((
                              coef(reg_2_05)[[2]] * log10(MeanControl)
                            ) +
                              coef(reg_2_05)[[1]]), SDControl))

# comparative plots - logged
# nogaps logged
meta_no_gaps %>%
  ggplot(aes(x = log10(MeanControl), y = log10(SDControl))) +
  geom_point()

ggsave(filename = "./outputs/natural/Control_original_log.tiff", width = 10)


rm(p05)

Filled gaps

#gaps filled
meta_rich %>%
  ggplot(aes(x = log10(MeanControl), y = log10(SDControl))) +
  geom_point()

ggsave(filename = "./outputs/natural/bio_rich_Control_filled_log.tiff", width = 10)

2.2.2 RICHNESS Treatment:

Calculations

#Original data
plot(meta_no_gaps$MeanTreatment, meta_no_gaps$SDTreatment)

#Logged data
# plotting trend lines per parameter and overall trend line.
meta_no_gaps %>%
  ggplot(aes(x = log10(MeanTreatment) , y = log10(SDTreatment))) +
  geom_point(aes(colour = Parameter)) +
  stat_smooth (method = "lm", aes (colour = Parameter), se = F) +
  stat_smooth(method = "lm", aes(), se = F)

ggsave(filename = "./outputs/natural/Treatment_mean_sd.tiff")
# some outliers - but mostly looks ok. 

# find the equation of the line: 
#lm(y~x)
reg_3_05 <-
  lm(log10(meta_no_gaps$SDTreatment) ~ log10(meta_no_gaps$MeanTreatment))
plot(log10(meta_no_gaps$MeanTreatment), log10(meta_no_gaps$SDTreatment))
abline(reg_3_05, col = "blue")

#model results summary  
coef(reg_3_05)
paste('log10(SD) =',
      coef(reg_3_05)[[2]],
      '* log10(mean)',
      '+',
      coef(reg_3_05)[[1]])

#filling gaps in TREATMENT SD:
#Accepting changes: 
# changing to only  richness that get filled/imputed by this general function.
# Cover and Density independently , below.
meta_rich <- meta_rich %>%
  mutate(SDTreatment = ifelse(is.na(SDTreatment),
                              10 ^ ((
                                coef(reg_3_05)[[2]] * log10(MeanTreatment)
                              ) +
                                coef(reg_3_05)[[1]]), SDTreatment))
  
# comparative plots - logged
#no gaps
meta_no_gaps %>%
  ggplot(aes(x = log10(MeanTreatment), y = log10(SDTreatment))) +
  geom_point()

ggsave(filename = "./outputs/natural/Treatment_original_log.tiff", width = 10)

Filled gaps

#gaps filled
meta_rich %>%
  ggplot(aes(x = log10(MeanTreatment), y = log10(SDTreatment))) +
  geom_point()

ggsave(filename = "./outputs/natural/bio_rich_Treatment_filled_log.tiff", width = 10)

2.2.3 COVER - Control

Calculations

#Cover data
meta_cov <- meta %>%
  filter(Parameter =="Cover")
#datapoints with missing SDs:
meta_gaps <- meta_cov %>% filter(is.na(SDControl) & is.na(SDTreatment))
#using only complete pairs for developing the function
meta_no_gaps <- meta_cov %>% filter(!is.na(SDControl) & !is.na(SDTreatment))

#Original data
plot(meta_no_gaps$MeanControl, meta_no_gaps$SDControl)

#Logged data
# plotting trend lines per parameter and overall trend line.
p05 <-
  ggplot(meta_no_gaps, aes(x = log10(MeanControl) , y = log10(SDControl))) +
  geom_point(aes(colour = Parameter)) +
  stat_smooth (method = "lm", aes (colour = Parameter), se = F) +
  stat_smooth(method = "lm", aes(), se = F)
ggsave(filename = "./outputs/natural/cover_control_mean_sd.tiff", width = 10)

# find the equation of the line: 
#lm(y~x)
#must log10 ..data as with the plot. 
reg_2_05 <- lm(log10(meta_no_gaps$SDControl) ~log10(meta_no_gaps$MeanControl))
# check this against the plot
plot(log10(meta_no_gaps$MeanControl), log10(meta_no_gaps$SDControl))
abline(reg_2_05, col = "blue")

#model results summary
coef(reg_2_05)
paste('log10(SD) =',
      coef(reg_2_05)[[2]],
      '* log10(mean)',
      '+',
      coef(reg_2_05)[[1]])

# using the results from the lm() to "predict" or fill the gaps in the original 
#data frame: 
meta_cov <- meta_cov %>%
  mutate(SDControl = ifelse(is.na(SDControl),
                            10 ^ ((
                              coef(reg_2_05)[[2]] * log10(MeanControl)
                            ) +
                              coef(reg_2_05)[[1]]), SDControl))

# comparative plots
#no gaps
meta_no_gaps %>%
  ggplot(aes(x = MeanControl, y = SDControl)) +
  geom_point()

ggsave(filename = "./outputs/natural/cover_Control_original.tiff", width = 10)
#gaps
meta_cov %>%
  ggplot(aes(x = MeanControl, y = SDControl)) +
  geom_point()

ggsave(filename = "./outputs/natural/cover_Control_filled.tiff", width = 10)

# comparative plots - logged
# nogaps logged
meta_no_gaps %>%
  ggplot(aes(x = log10(MeanControl), y = log10(SDControl))) +
  geom_point()

ggsave(filename = "./outputs/natural/cover_Control_original_log.tiff", width = 10)


rm(p05)

Filled Gaps

#gaps filled
meta_cov %>%
  ggplot(aes(x = log10(MeanControl), y = log10(SDControl))) +
  geom_point()

ggsave(filename = "./outputs/natural/cover_Control_filled_log.tiff", width = 10)

2.2.4 COVER - Treatment

Calculations

#Original data (cover already selected above)
plot(meta_no_gaps$MeanTreatment, meta_no_gaps$SDTreatment)

#Logged data
# plotting trend lines per parameter and overall trend line.
meta_no_gaps %>%
  ggplot(aes(x = log10(MeanTreatment) , y = log10(SDTreatment))) +
  geom_point(aes(colour = Parameter)) +
  stat_smooth (method = "lm", aes (colour = Parameter), se = F) +
  stat_smooth(method = "lm", aes(), se = F)

ggsave(filename = "./outputs/natural/cover_Treatment_mean_sd.tiff", width = 10)
# some outliers - but mostly looks ok. 

# find the equation of the line: 
#lm(y~x)
reg_3_05 <-
  lm(log10(meta_no_gaps$SDTreatment) ~ log10(meta_no_gaps$MeanTreatment))
plot(log10(meta_no_gaps$MeanTreatment), log10(meta_no_gaps$SDTreatment))
abline(reg_3_05, col = "blue")

#model results summary  
coef(reg_3_05)
paste('log10(SD) =',
      coef(reg_3_05)[[2]],
      '* log10(mean)',
      '+',
      coef(reg_3_05)[[1]])

#filling gaps in TREATMENT SD
#Accepting changes: 
# Cover only
meta_cov <- meta_cov %>%
  mutate(SDTreatment = ifelse(is.na(SDTreatment),
                              10 ^ ((
                                coef(reg_3_05)[[2]] * log10(MeanTreatment)
                              ) +
                                coef(reg_3_05)[[1]]), SDTreatment))
  
# comparative plots - logged
#no gaps
meta_no_gaps %>%
  ggplot(aes(x = log10(MeanTreatment), y = log10(SDTreatment))) +
  geom_point()

ggsave(filename = "./outputs/natural/cover_Treatment_original_log.tiff", width = 10)

Filled gaps

#gaps filled
meta_cov %>%
  ggplot(aes(x = log10(MeanTreatment), y = log10(SDTreatment))) +
  geom_point()

ggsave(filename = "./outputs/natural/cover_Treatment_filled_log.tiff", width = 10)

2.2.5 DENSITY - Control

Calculations

#Density data
meta_dens <- meta %>%
  filter(Parameter =="Density")
#datapoints with missing SDs:
meta_gaps <- meta_dens %>% filter(is.na(SDControl) & is.na(SDTreatment))
#using only complete pairs for developing the function
meta_no_gaps <- meta_dens %>% filter(!is.na(SDControl) & !is.na(SDTreatment))

#Original data
plot(meta_no_gaps$MeanControl, meta_no_gaps$SDControl)

#Logged data
# plotting trend lines per parameter and overall trend line.
p05 <-
  ggplot(meta_no_gaps, aes(x = log10(MeanControl) , y = log10(SDControl))) +
  geom_point(aes(colour = Parameter)) +
  stat_smooth (method = "lm", aes (colour = Parameter), se = F) +
  stat_smooth(method = "lm", aes(), se = F)
ggsave(filename = "./outputs/natural/density_control_mean_sd.tiff", width = 10)

# find the equation of the line: 
#lm(y~x)
#must log10 ..data as with the plot. 
reg_2_05 <- lm(log10(meta_no_gaps$SDControl) ~log10(meta_no_gaps$MeanControl))
# check this against the plot
plot(log10(meta_no_gaps$MeanControl), log10(meta_no_gaps$SDControl))
abline(reg_2_05, col = "blue")

#model results summary
coef(reg_2_05)
paste('log10(SD) =',
      coef(reg_2_05)[[2]],
      '* log10(mean)',
      '+',
      coef(reg_2_05)[[1]])

# using the results from the lm() to "predict" or fill the gaps in the original 
#data frame: 
meta_dens <- meta_dens %>%
  mutate(SDControl = ifelse(is.na(SDControl),
                            10 ^ ((
                              coef(reg_2_05)[[2]] * log10(MeanControl)
                            ) +
                              coef(reg_2_05)[[1]]), SDControl))

# comparative plots
#no gaps
meta_no_gaps %>%
  ggplot(aes(x = MeanControl, y = SDControl)) +
  geom_point()

ggsave(filename = "./outputs/natural/density_Control_original.tiff", width = 10)
#gaps
meta_dens %>%
  ggplot(aes(x = MeanControl, y = SDControl)) +
  geom_point()

ggsave(filename = "./outputs/natural/density_Control_filled.tiff", width = 10)

# comparative plots - logged
# nogaps logged
meta_no_gaps %>%
  ggplot(aes(x = log10(MeanControl), y = log10(SDControl))) +
  geom_point()

ggsave(filename = "./outputs/natural/density_Control_original_log.tiff", width = 10)


rm(p05)

Filled gaps

#gaps filled
meta_dens %>%
  ggplot(aes(x = log10(MeanControl), y = log10(SDControl))) +
  geom_point()

ggsave(filename = "./outputs/natural/density_Control_filled_log.tiff", width = 10)

2.2.6 DENSITY - Treatment

Calculations

#Original data (density already selected above)
plot(meta_no_gaps$MeanTreatment, meta_no_gaps$SDTreatment)

#Logged data
# plotting trend lines per parameter and overall trend line.
meta_no_gaps %>%
  ggplot(aes(x = log10(MeanTreatment) , y = log10(SDTreatment))) +
  geom_point(aes(colour = Parameter)) +
  stat_smooth (method = "lm", aes (colour = Parameter), se = F) +
  stat_smooth(method = "lm", aes(), se = F)

ggsave(filename = "./outputs/natural/density_Treatment_mean_sd.tiff", width = 10)
# some outliers - but mostly looks ok. 

# find the equation of the line: 
#lm(y~x)
reg_3_05 <-
  lm(log10(meta_no_gaps$SDTreatment) ~ log10(meta_no_gaps$MeanTreatment))
plot(log10(meta_no_gaps$MeanTreatment), log10(meta_no_gaps$SDTreatment))
abline(reg_3_05, col = "blue")

#model results summary  
coef(reg_3_05)
paste('log10(SD) =',
      coef(reg_3_05)[[2]],
      '* log10(mean)',
      '+',
      coef(reg_3_05)[[1]])

#filling gaps in TREATMENT SD
#Accepting changes: 
# density only
meta_dens <- meta_dens %>%
  mutate(SDTreatment = ifelse(is.na(SDTreatment),
                              10 ^ ((
                                coef(reg_3_05)[[2]] * log10(MeanTreatment)
                              ) +
                                coef(reg_3_05)[[1]]), SDTreatment))
  
# comparative plots - logged
#no gaps
meta_no_gaps %>%
  ggplot(aes(x = log10(MeanTreatment), y = log10(SDTreatment))) +
  geom_point()

ggsave(filename = "./outputs/natural/density_Treatment_original_log.tiff",width = 10)

Filled gaps

#gaps filled
meta_dens %>%
  ggplot(aes(x = log10(MeanTreatment), y = log10(SDTreatment))) +
  geom_point()

ggsave(filename = "./outputs/natural/density_Treatment_filled_log.tiff", width = 10)

2.2.7 Putting META back together

Essentially rbind all 3 (if column order hasn’t changed)

Filled gaps for all CONTROL/Natural materials

meta <- rbind(meta_dens, meta_cov, meta_rich)
#checking final data with ggplot
# control
p <-
  ggplot(meta, aes(x = log10(MeanControl) , y = log10(SDControl), )) +
  geom_point(aes(colour = Parameter))  
p + stat_smooth (method = "lm", aes (colour = Parameter), se = F)

Filled gaps for all TREATMENT/Artificial materials

# Treatment
p <-
  ggplot(meta, aes(x = log10(MeanTreatment) , y = log10(SDTreatment),)) +
  geom_point(aes(colour = Parameter))
p + stat_smooth (method = "lm", aes (colour = Parameter), se = F)

Removing excess variables

rm(reg_2_05,reg_3_05,meta_gaps,meta_no_gaps,p,meta_cov, meta_dens, meta_rich)

2.3 Creating Reference Columns

Checking that there are sufficient identifier and reference columns for our random effects:

• Adding Effect ID which represents each unique datapoint in the database.
  
• Study already exists - showing data points which come from the same study.
  
• We also add experiment ID, which shows which datapoints come from the same experiment. We do this by grouping by study, location, and other reference columns that identify unique experiments within the same study.
• Duration is not included as we are incorporating repeated measures time points
• and therefore is not a unique identifier for experiment ID.

These are mostly important for the random effects and independence components of the analysis.

# create column with unique data points.. row names essentially 
meta<- rowid_to_column(meta, "Effect_ID")
meta$Effect_ID <-as.factor(meta$Effect_ID)#

#need an ID to define experiment groupings
exp_ID <- meta %>%
  group_by(
    Study,
    Location,
    Structure,    
    Tidalheight.Depth,
    Exposure,
    Sea
  ) %>%
  summarise(num_instances = n()) #just for interest


# row ID for exp number
exp_ID<- rowid_to_column(exp_ID, "Exp_ID")
# now join back to main dataset based based on this number:
meta <- left_join(
  meta,
  exp_ID,
  by = c(
    "Study",
    "Location",
    "Structure",
    "Tidalheight.Depth",
    "Exposure",
    "Sea" 
  )
)
meta$Exp_ID <- as.factor(meta$Exp_ID)

rm(exp_ID)  # leaving in for now, to check numbers

2.4 Accounting for non-independence

Partitioning the “n”

Accounting for instances where the experimental error is shared between datapoints rather than being independent is an important step. This is because the meta-regression models we’re using assume independence, unless told otherwise.

Here we partition the replicates of the controls and treatments depending on whether they are shared or not.

• when grouped by control.. how many treatment TYPES are there? (ie cases of shared treatments)
• when grouped by treatment.. how many control TYPES are there? (ie cases of shared controls)

Partitioning based on CONTROL: n1i_control_n:

#Adding in a new column to the dataset for the reduced n1i 
# 1 = Control, 2 - Treatment
# number of treatment types for each control

meta <-
  meta %>%
  group_by(Exp_ID,
           Control_detail) %>% #how many treatment types are there per control?
  #summarise(unique_types_treatment = n_distinct(Treatment_detail)) # to check its working
  dplyr::mutate(unique_types_treatment = n_distinct(Treatment_detail))

# Partition the N based on these results: 
meta <- meta %>%
  dplyr::mutate(reducedn1i_control = (Control.Replicate / unique_types_treatment))

Partitioning based on Treatment: n2i_treatment_n:

#number of control types for each treatment:
meta <- meta %>%
  group_by(Exp_ID,
           Treatment_detail) %>%
  #summarise(unique_types_control = n_distinct(Control_detail)) # to check its working
  dplyr::mutate(unique_types_control = n_distinct(Control_detail))

# partition N based on these results
meta <- meta %>%
  dplyr::mutate(reducedn2i_treatment =
           (Treatment.Replicate / unique_types_control)) 

3 ESCALC and VCV

Have now switched Control and Treatment to ensure the Orchard plot is still inline with the standard meta plots. This means we now have:

Group 1 = TREATMENT - Artificial substrates Group 2 = CONTROL - Natural substrates (Therefore +ve results favour treatments, and -ve results favour control)

Calculating the effect sizes and outcome measures. We’re using the Risk Ratio - in the form of Ratio of Means, and we will take the log of this ratio - centered around zero.

To account for multiple timepoints coming from the same tile/experiment this calculates a matrix which is used as “V” in the models that follow. For the models the “Yi” comes from Escalc, and the “VI” will come from this V.

This VCV matrix uses Study as a clustering parameter, which will then account for all non-independence in the experiments within study - in this case that includes, repeated measures sampling AND multiple measures from the same experiment (measurement parameters). [which is only a problem for the “All” models].

# we originally used the ESCALC function from metafor here, however a recent 
# update has meant that sample sizes (n) or less than one create an error.
# As our sample size is partitioned to account for non-independence, we have
# had to write the orignal version of escalc manually. 
# We have retained the original escalc in the comments in case that is of interest.

# Escalc funtion: 
# meta <-  escalc(
#           m1i = meta$MeanTreatment,
#           sd1i = meta$SDTreatment,
#           n1i = meta$reducedn2i_treatment,  
#           m2i = meta$MeanControl,
#           sd2i = meta$SDControl,
#           n2i = meta$reducedn1i_control,  
#           measure = "ROM",
#           append = TRUE,
#           data = meta
#         )

lnRR <- function(CMean, CSD, CN, EMean, ESD, EN){
yi<-log( EMean / CMean)
vi <- CSD^2 / (CN * CMean^2) + ESD^2 / (EN * EMean^2)
print(data.frame(yi,vi))
}

meta.lnRR <- lnRR(
  CMean = meta$MeanControl,
  CSD = meta$SDControl,
  CN = meta$reducedn1i_control,
  EMean = meta$MeanTreatment,
  ESD = meta$SDTreatment,
  EN = meta$reducedn2i_treatment)

meta<- cbind(meta, meta.lnRR)

#This is just a test of the vcv functionality. 
# The vcv is calculated for each model or group at the modelling stage. 
# changed to study as the cluster parameter to be more conservative and 
# account for the double non-independence. 
V <-
  impute_covariance_matrix(
    vi = meta$vi,
    cluster = meta$Study,
    r = 0.5,
    return_list = F
  )

#can test that the diagonal of the matrix matches the "Vi"
#this in NB in case the clustering variable is out of order in the main dataset.
# see : https://www.jepusto.com/imputing-covariance-matrices-for-multi-variate-meta-analysis/

# all.equal(meta$vi, diag(V))  #true


# concatenating for Habitat formers
meta_All_Hab <- meta %>%
  filter(Habitat.Forming...Y.N. == "Y") %>%
  unite("G_T", c(Group, Treatment), sep = "_", remove = F)
meta_All_Hab$G_T <- as.factor(meta_All_Hab$G_T)
#G_C
meta_All_Hab <- meta_All_Hab %>%
  filter(Habitat.Forming...Y.N. == "Y") %>%
  unite("G_C", c(Group, Control), sep = "_", remove = F)
meta_All_Hab$G_C <- as.factor(meta_All_Hab$G_C)

# # Using meta_CD_Hab - as this is the one that needs to be used for the models
# meta_CD_Hab <- meta %>%
#   filter(Habitat.Forming...Y.N. == "Y") %>%
#   unite("G_T", c(Group, Treatment), sep = "_", remove = F)
# meta_CD_Hab$G_T <- as.factor(meta_CD_Hab$G_T)
# #G_C
# meta_CD_Hab <- meta_CD_Hab %>%
#   filter(Habitat.Forming...Y.N. == "Y") %>%
#   unite("G_C", c(Group, Control), sep = "_", remove = F)
# meta_CD_Hab$G_C <- as.factor(meta_CD_Hab$G_C)

3.1 Save META

If running script stepwise and editing, this is a potential break/restart point Uncomment if needed.

write.csv(meta, file = "./outputs/natural/meta.csv")
saveRDS(meta, file = "./outputs/natural/meta.rds" )
# rm(meta)
rm(Dur_all,Dur_splt,i,V)

# if starting from here: 
# #import data as R data object (retaining factors etc) 
# meta<-readRDS("./outputs/natural/meta.rds")

4 SUBSETTING THE DATA

Before we apply the models to the data we need to split the data into various categories which we have hypothese about.

A subset of data is selected and named each time for the modelling section.

4.1 Main groups “All parameters”

All These are the general groupings, all the data and then separated by measurement parameter.

# 0 - 1 -  All groups and all measurement types
meta_All <- meta
# meta <- meta_All - when re-loading saved models
# 0 - 1a -  selecting the habitat former data (already done earlier)
# meta_All_Hab <- meta %>%
#         filter(Habitat.Forming...Y.N.=="Y")

# # # 0 - 2 - All measurement types, and Sessile (sessile organisms only, but 
# # algae/inverts not defined), overall effect
# meta_All_Ses <- meta %>%
#         filter(Function=="Sessile")
# # 0 - 3 - All measurement parameters and Algae
# meta_All_Algae <- meta %>%
#   filter(Function == "Algae")
# # 0 - 4 - All measurement types and sessile inverts
# meta_All_Invert <- meta %>%
#   filter(Function == "Invert")
# 
# # 0 - 4 - All measurement types, and Benthic (no distinction between Sessile &
# #Mobile (not repeated just combined) overall effect
# meta_All_Benthic<- meta %>%
#         filter(Function=="Benthic")
# 
# # 0 - 5 - All measurement types, and Fish 
# # overall effect
# meta_All_Fish<- meta %>%
#         filter(Function=="Fish")

4.2 Richness

Groupings that need to be considered:

• Species richness and sessile organisms and fish and All (all listed: incld mobile, benthic).
• left out mobile, benthic, invert and algae as there was insufficient data for these. 2 studies or less.
  
• Habitat forming is per species so was not measured using Richness.

# 1 - 1  - All groups
meta_R_All <- meta %>%
        filter(Parameter=="Richness")
# number of studies and data points: 
R_datapoints <- length(meta_R_All$Effect_ID)   # 88
R_studies <- length(unique(meta_R_All$Study))  # 10

# # 1 - 2 - Sessile species only
# meta_R_Ses <- meta %>%
#         filter(Parameter=="Richness" & Function=="Sessile")
# 
# # 1 - 3 - Fish species only
# meta_R_Fish <- meta %>%
#         filter(Parameter=="Richness" & Function=="Fish")

4.3 % Cover

Groupings that need to be considered:

• % Cover and All (including sessile and mobile (1 study)) and sessile organisms
• left out benthic as a separate category, as there was only 1 study.
• left out fish as there was no cover data for fish (obvs!).

# 2 - 1 - All groups 
meta_C_All <- meta %>%
  filter(Parameter == "Cover")

# # 2 - 2 - Sessile species only
# meta_C_Ses <- meta %>%
#   filter(Parameter == "Cover" & Function == "Sessile")
# 
# 2 - 3 - Habitat formers
meta_C_Hab <- meta_All_Hab %>%
  filter(Parameter == "Cover")
# 
# # 2 - 4 - Algal species only
# meta_C_Algae <- meta %>%
#   filter(Parameter == "Cover" & Function == "Algae")
# 
# # 2 - 5 - Invert species only
# meta_C_Invert <- meta %>%
#   filter(Parameter == "Cover" & Function == "Invert")

4.4 Biomass

We have excluded Biomass data as we only had data from two studies, and the type of measure is difficult to compare directly with cover, density and richness.

4.5 Density

There are a quite a few datapoints to use here. Groupings that need to be considered:

• Density
  • and All (including mobile (only 3 datapoints, 2 studies), and benthic 1 datapoint only)
  • and Fish (8 datapoints, 4 studies)
  • and Benthic (12 data points, 3 studies)
  • and Inverts (220 data points, 19 studies )
• Left out Algae (too few studies and datapoints) and sessile (zero data points)

# 3 - 1  - All groups
meta_D_All <- meta %>%
        filter(Parameter=="Density")

# # # 3 - 2 - Sessile species only
# # meta_D_Ses <- meta %>%
# #         filter(Parameter=="Density" & Function=="Sessile")
# 
# # 3 - 3 - Fish species only
# meta_D_Fish <- meta %>%
#         filter(Parameter=="Density" & Function=="Fish")
# 
# 3 - 4 - Habitat formers only
meta_D_Hab <- meta_All_Hab %>%
  filter(Parameter == "Density")
# 
# # 3 - 5 - Benthic species only
# meta_D_Benthic <- meta %>%
#   filter(Parameter == "Density" & 
#            Function == "Benthic")
# 
# # 3 - 6 - Invertebrate species only
# meta_D_Invert <- meta %>%
#   filter(Parameter == "Density" & Function == "Invert")

4.6 Growth

4 studies, 8 datapoints - Have left this out.

4.7 Cover and Density

We expect Cover and Density to show similar results, as they are measures of abundance in a space limited environment. An organism that does well on one substrate is likely to be able to do pretty well on others too. However richness/diversity would be more sensitive to community level differences.

Groupings that can be considered:

• Density&Cover
  • and All (including mobile (only 3 datapoints, 2 studies), and benthic 1 datapoint only)
  • and Algae (193 datapoints, 8 Studies)
  • and Invert (446 datapoints, 25 studies )
  • and Fish (9 datapoints, 4 studies)
  • and Benthic (12 data points, 3 studies)
  • and Sessile (50 datapoints, 4 studies )

Previously included Biomass - but taking it out as it is a very different measurement from counting space/individuals.

# 3 - 1  - All groups  
meta_CD_All <- meta %>%
        filter(Parameter %in% c("Cover", "Density"))
# number of studies and data points: 
CD_datapoints <- length(meta_CD_All$Effect_ID)   # 725
CD_studies <- length(unique(meta_CD_All$Study))  #32

# 
# # # 3 - 2 - Sessile species only
# meta_CD_Ses <- meta %>%
#         filter(Parameter %in% c("Cover", "Density") & Function=="Sessile")
# 
# # 3 - 3 - Invert species only
# meta_CD_Invert <- meta %>%
#   filter(Parameter %in% c("Cover", "Density") & Function == "Invert")
# 
# # 3 - 4 - Algal species only
# meta_CD_Algae <- meta %>%
#   filter(Parameter %in% c("Cover", "Density")& Function == "Algae")
# 
# # 3 - 5 - Fish species only
# meta_CD_Fish <- meta %>%
#         filter(Parameter %in% c("Cover", "Density") & Function=="Fish")
# 
# 3 - 6 - Habitat formers only
meta_CD_Hab <- meta_All_Hab %>%
  filter(Parameter %in% c("Cover", "Density"))
# 
# # 3 - 5 - Benthic species only
# meta_CD_Benthic <- meta %>%
#   filter(Parameter %in% c("Cover", "Density") & Function == "Benthic")

4.8 F_T Models need to drop levels

For later in the code, these levels with less than 3 data points need to be dropped. Once that has happened, the data frames also need to get an associated VCV matrix, which is why they are calculated here.

Adding the grouping x_metal to allow for reverse clustering in the plotting later in the code. ie to have the levels grouped by artificial material rather than by natural material / functional group for the interaction model plots.

# before running the F_T models we need to check the representation of the sub levels
# of each interaction term.
# Remove terms that have less than 3 data points. 

table(meta_CD_All$F_T)
table(meta_R_All$F_T)

# meta_CD_ALL - remove
meta_CD_F_T <-  meta_CD_All %>%
  filter(!F_T %in% c("Benthic_Concrete" , "Fish_Metal", "Fish_Polymer", 
                     "Sessile_Metal")) 
meta_CD_F_T$F_T <- droplevels(meta_CD_F_T$F_T)
table(meta_CD_F_T$F_T)

#meta_CD_F_T_metals - changing factor levels (ordering by artificial material)
meta_CD_F_T_metal <-meta_CD_F_T
meta_CD_F_T_metal$F_T <-
  factor(
    meta_CD_F_T_metal$F_T,
    levels = c(
      "Algae_Clay",
      "Benthic_Clay",
      "Invert_Clay",
      "Sessile_Clay",
      "Algae_Concrete",
      "Fish_Concrete",
      "Invert_Concrete",
      "Sessile_Concrete",
      "Algae_Metal",
      "Invert_Metal",
      "Algae_Polymer",
      "Benthic_Polymer",
      "Invert_Polymer",
      "Sessile_Polymer"
    )
  )

# meta_R_All - remove
meta_R_F_T <-  meta_R_All %>%
  filter(!F_T %in% c("Algae_Clay" , "Algae_Metal", "Algae_Polymer", 
                     "Benthic_Clay", "Invert_Clay", "Invert_Metal", 
                     "Invert_Polymer")) 
meta_R_F_T$F_T <- droplevels(meta_R_F_T$F_T)
table(meta_R_F_T$F_T)

#checking how many studies are in each level:
# for each level of F_T count unique Study

F_T_levels<-levels(meta_CD_F_T$F_T)
F_T_Study<- map(F_T_levels, ~length(unique(meta_CD_F_T$Study[meta_CD_F_T$F_T ==.])))

F_T_levels_R <- levels(meta_R_F_T$F_T)
F_T_Study_R <- map(F_T_levels_R, ~length(unique(meta_R_F_T$Study[meta_CD_F_T$F_T ==.])))

F_T_levels_metals <- levels(meta_CD_F_T_metal$F_T)
F_T_Study_metals <- map(F_T_levels_metals, ~length(unique(meta_CD_F_T_metal$Study[meta_CD_F_T_metal$F_T ==.])))

4.9 C_T Models need to drop levels

For later in the code, these levels with less than 3 data points need to be dropped. Once that has happened, the data frames also need to get an associated VCV matrix, which is why they are calculated here.

# before running the F_T models we need to check the representation of the sub levels
# of each interaction term.
# Remove terms that have less than 3 data points. 

table(meta_CD_All$C_T)
table(meta_R_All$C_T)

# meta_CD_ALL - remove nothing

# meta_R_All - remove all biogenic
meta_R_C_T <-  meta_R_All %>%
  filter(!C_T %in% c("Biogenic_Clay" , "Biogenic_Metal", "Biogenic_Polymer", 
                     "Biogenic_Concrete")) 
meta_R_C_T$C_T <- droplevels(meta_R_C_T$C_T)
table(meta_R_C_T$C_T)

#checking how many studies are in each level:
# for each level of C_T count unique Study

C_T_levels<-levels(meta_CD_All$C_T)
C_T_Study<- map(C_T_levels, ~length(unique(meta_CD_All$Study[meta_CD_All$C_T ==.])))

C_T_levels_R<-levels(meta_R_C_T$C_T)
C_T_Study_R<- map(C_T_levels_R, ~length(unique(meta_R_C_T$Study[meta_R_C_T$C_T ==.])))

4.10 F_C Models need to drop levels

For later in the code, these levels with less than 3 data points need to be dropped. Once that has happened, the data frames also need to get an associated VCV matrix, which is why they are calculated here.

# before running the F_C models we need to check the representation of the sub levels
# of each interaction term.
# Remove terms that have less than 3 data points. 

table(meta_CD_All$F_C)
table(meta_R_All$F_C) # too few, would have to drop 50%

# meta_CD_ALL - Drop 5 levels of 14 = 36%

# meta_R_All - remove all biogenic
meta_CD_F_C <-  meta_CD_All %>%
  filter(!F_C %in% c("Algae_Biogenic" , "Benthic_Biogenic", "Benthic_Rock", 
                     "Fish_Biogenic", "Fish_Wood")) 
meta_CD_F_C$F_C <- droplevels(meta_CD_F_C$F_C)
table(meta_CD_F_C$F_C)

#meta_CD_F_C_metals - changing factor levels 
meta_CD_F_C_metal <-meta_CD_F_C
meta_CD_F_C_metal$F_C <-
  factor(
    meta_CD_F_C_metal$F_C,
    levels = c(
      "Algae_Rock",
      "Fish_Rock",
      "Invert_Rock",
      "Sessile_Rock",
      "Algae_Wood",
      "Benthic_Wood",
      "Invert_Wood",
      "Sessile_Wood",
      "Invert_Biogenic"
    )
  )

#checking how many studies are in each level:
# for each level of F_C count unique Study

F_C_levels<-levels(meta_CD_F_C$F_C)
F_C_Study<- map(F_C_levels, ~length(unique(meta_CD_F_C$Study[meta_CD_F_C$F_C ==.])))

F_C_levels_R<-levels(meta_R_All$F_C)
F_C_Study_R<- map(F_C_levels_R, ~length(unique(meta_R_All$Study[meta_R_All$C_T ==.])))

F_C_levels_metal<-levels(meta_CD_F_C_metal$F_C)
F_C_Study_metal<- map(F_C_levels_metal, ~length(unique(meta_CD_F_C_metal$Study[meta_CD_F_C_metal$F_C ==.])))

4.11 Habitat-Former need to drop levlels

As with the above sections, dropping poorly represented interaction combinations from the dataset - those that have <3 experiments in their group are removed.

#################################
# G_T model prep
#################################
# before running the G_T models we need to check the representation of the sub levels of each interaction term. Remove terms that have less than 3 data points. 
table(meta_All_Hab$G_T)
table(meta_CD_Hab$G_T)  # same as meta_All_Hab

# meta_All_Hab - remove
meta_All_Hab_G_T <-  meta_All_Hab %>%
  filter(!G_T %in% c("Tube_forming_Metal" , "Tube_forming_Polymer", "Corals_Metal")) 
meta_All_Hab_G_T$G_T <- droplevels(meta_All_Hab_G_T$G_T)
table(meta_All_Hab_G_T$G_T)
# meta_CD_hab remove
meta_CD_Hab_G_T <-  meta_CD_Hab %>%
  filter(!G_T %in% c("Tube_forming_Metal" , "Tube_forming_Polymer", "Corals_Metal")) 
meta_CD_Hab_G_T$G_T <- droplevels(meta_CD_Hab_G_T$G_T)
table(meta_CD_Hab_G_T$G_T)

#meta_All_Hab_G_T_metals - changing factor levels 
meta_All_Hab_G_T_metal <-meta_All_Hab_G_T
meta_All_Hab_G_T_metal$G_T <-
  factor(
    meta_All_Hab_G_T_metal$G_T,
    levels = c(
      "Barnacles_Clay",
      "Bivalves_Clay" ,
      "Corals_Clay" ,
      "Coralline_Algae_Clay",
      "Barnacles_Concrete",
      "Bivalves_Concrete",
      "Canopy_Algae_Concrete",
      "Corals_Concrete",
      "Coralline_Algae_Concrete",
      "Tube_forming_Concrete" ,
      "Barnacles_Metal",
      "Bivalves_Metal",
      "Barnacles_Polymer",
      "Bivalves_Polymer",
      "Corals_Polymer" ,
      "Coralline_Algae_Polymer"
    )
  )

# need study numbers for plotting: 
G_T_levels<-levels(meta_All_Hab_G_T$G_T)
G_T_Study<- map(G_T_levels, ~length(unique(meta_All_Hab_G_T$Study[meta_All_Hab_G_T$G_T ==.])))

G_T_levels_metal<-levels(meta_All_Hab_G_T_metal$G_T)
G_T_Study_metal<- map(G_T_levels_metal, ~length(unique(meta_All_Hab_G_T_metal$Study[meta_All_Hab_G_T_metal$G_T ==.])))
########################################################

#meta_CD_Hab_G_T_metals - changing factor levels 
meta_CD_Hab_G_T_metal <-meta_CD_Hab_G_T
meta_CD_Hab_G_T_metal$G_T <-
  factor(
    meta_CD_Hab_G_T_metal$G_T,
    levels = c(
      "Barnacles_Clay",
      "Bivalves_Clay" ,
      "Corals_Clay" ,
      "Coralline_Algae_Clay",
      "Barnacles_Concrete",
      "Bivalves_Concrete",
      "Canopy_Algae_Concrete",
      "Corals_Concrete",
      "Coralline_Algae_Concrete",
      "Tube_forming_Concrete" ,
      "Barnacles_Metal",
      "Bivalves_Metal",
      "Barnacles_Polymer",
      "Bivalves_Polymer",
      "Corals_Polymer" ,
      "Coralline_Algae_Polymer"
    )
  )

# need study numbers for plotting: 
G_T_levels_CD<-levels(meta_CD_Hab_G_T$G_T)
G_T_Study_CD<- map(G_T_levels_CD, ~length(unique(meta_CD_Hab_G_T$Study[meta_CD_Hab_G_T$G_T ==.])))

G_T_levels_metal_CD<-levels(meta_CD_Hab_G_T_metal$G_T)
G_T_Study_metal_CD<- map(G_T_levels_metal_CD, ~length(unique(meta_CD_Hab_G_T_metal$Study[meta_CD_Hab_G_T_metal$G_T ==.])))


################################
# G_C model prep
#################################
# before running the G_C models we need to check the representation of the sub levels of each interaction term. Remove terms that have less than 3 data points. 
table(meta_All_Hab$G_C)
table(meta_CD_Hab$G_C)  # Same as meta_All_Hab
# meta_All_Hab - remove
meta_All_Hab_G_C <-  meta_All_Hab %>%
  filter(!G_C %in% c("Barnacles_Biogenic" , "Coralline_Algae_Biogenic", "Tube_forming_Biogenic")) 
meta_All_Hab_G_C$G_C <- droplevels(meta_All_Hab_G_C$G_C)
table(meta_All_Hab_G_C$G_C)

# meta_CD_Hab - remove
meta_CD_Hab_G_C <-  meta_CD_Hab %>%
  filter(!G_C %in% c("Barnacles_Biogenic" , "Coralline_Algae_Biogenic", "Tube_forming_Biogenic")) 
meta_CD_Hab_G_C$G_C <- droplevels(meta_CD_Hab_G_C$G_C)
table(meta_CD_Hab_G_C$G_C)

#meta_All_Hab_G_C_metals - changing factor levels 
meta_All_Hab_G_C_metal <-meta_All_Hab_G_C
meta_All_Hab_G_C_metal$G_C <-
  factor(
    meta_All_Hab_G_C_metal$G_C,
    levels = c(
      "Barnacles_Rock" ,
      "Bivalves_Rock" ,
      "Canopy_Algae_Rock",
      "Corals_Rock",
      "Coralline_Algae_Rock",
      "Tube_forming_Rock",
      "Barnacles_Wood",
      "Bivalves_Wood",
      "Tube_forming_Wood",
      "Bivalves_Biogenic" ,
      "Corals_Biogenic"
    )
  )

# need study numbers for plotting: 
G_C_levels<-levels(meta_All_Hab_G_C$G_C)
G_C_Study<- map(G_C_levels, ~length(unique(meta_All_Hab_G_C$Study[meta_All_Hab_G_C$G_C ==.])))

G_C_levels_metal<-levels(meta_All_Hab_G_C_metal$G_C)
G_C_Study_metal<- map(G_C_levels_metal, ~length(unique(meta_All_Hab_G_C_metal$Study[meta_All_Hab_G_C_metal$G_C ==.])))
######################################################

#meta_CD_Hab_G_C_metals - changing factor levels 
meta_CD_Hab_G_C_metal <-meta_CD_Hab_G_C
meta_CD_Hab_G_C_metal$G_C <-
  factor(
    meta_CD_Hab_G_C_metal$G_C,
    levels = c(
      "Barnacles_Rock" ,
      "Bivalves_Rock" ,
      "Canopy_Algae_Rock",
      "Corals_Rock",
      "CorCDine_Algae_Rock",
      "Tube_forming_Rock",
      "Barnacles_Wood",
      "Bivalves_Wood",
      "Tube_forming_Wood",
      "Bivalves_Biogenic" ,
      "Corals_Biogenic"
    )
  )

# need study numbers for plotting: 
G_C_levels_CD<-levels(meta_CD_Hab_G_C$G_C)
G_C_Study_CD<- map(G_C_levels_CD, ~length(unique(meta_CD_Hab_G_C$Study[meta_CD_Hab_G_C$G_C ==.])))

G_C_levels_metal_CD<-levels(meta_CD_Hab_G_C_metal$G_C)
G_C_Study_metal_CD<- map(G_C_levels_metal_CD, ~length(unique(meta_CD_Hab_G_C_metal$Study[meta_CD_Hab_G_C_metal$G_C ==.])))

###############################################
# Control_Treatment for Habs prep
#############################################
# before running the C_T Hab models we need to check the representation of the sub levels of each interaction term. Remove terms that have less than 3 data points. 
table(meta_All_Hab$C_T) # Nothing needs to drop
table(meta_CD_Hab$C_T)  # Nothing needs to drop

# need study numbers for plotting: 
C_T_levels<-levels(meta_All_Hab$C_T)
C_T_Study<- map(C_T_levels, ~length(unique(meta_All_Hab$Study[meta_All_Hab$C_T ==.])))
# need study numbers for plotting: 
C_T_levels_CD<-levels(meta_CD_Hab$C_T)
C_T_Study_CD<- map(C_T_levels_CD, ~length(unique(meta_CD_Hab$Study[meta_CD_Hab$C_T ==.])))

5 DATA_LIST

Generate list of datasets that will be called in later models.

data_list <- list(meta_All = meta_All, 
                  meta_All_Hab = meta_All_Hab,
                  meta_C_All = meta_C_All,
                  meta_CD_All = meta_CD_All,
                  meta_CD_Hab = meta_CD_Hab,
                  meta_D_All = meta_D_All, 
                  meta_R_All = meta_R_All)

data_list_interactions <- list(meta_All = meta_All, 
                  meta_All_Hab = meta_All_Hab,
                  meta_C_All = meta_C_All,
                  meta_CD_All = meta_CD_All,
                  meta_CD_Hab = meta_CD_Hab,
                  meta_D_All = meta_D_All, 
                  meta_R_All = meta_R_All, 
                  meta_R_C_T = meta_R_C_T,
                  meta_CD_F_T = meta_CD_F_T,
                  meta_R_F_T = meta_R_F_T,
                  meta_CD_F_T_metal = meta_CD_F_T_metal,
                  meta_CD_F_C = meta_CD_F_C,
                  meta_CD_F_C_metal = meta_CD_F_C_metal,
                  meta_All_Hab_G_T = meta_All_Hab_G_T,
                  meta_CD_Hab_G_T = meta_CD_Hab_G_T,
                  meta_CD_Hab_G_T_metal = meta_CD_Hab_G_T_metal,
                  meta_All_Hab_G_C = meta_All_Hab_G_C,
                  meta_CD_Hab_G_C = meta_CD_Hab_G_C,
                  meta_CD_Hab_G_C_metal = meta_CD_Hab_G_C_metal)

6 VCV matrices

Constructing the VCV matrices all at once and then using them in the models below, rather than making them during the modelling step.

# #vcv matrix:
# it <- seq_len(length(data_list))
# vcv_matrices_a <- lapply(
#   it,
#   FUN = function(x) {
#     vcv <- impute_covariance_matrix(
#       vi = data_list[[x]]$vi,
#       cluster = data_list[[x]]$Study,
#       r = 0.5,
#       return_list = F
#     )
#     
#     return(vcv)
#   }
# ) 
# # naming the 33 list elements
# names(vcv_matrices) <- names(data_list)

# # Could not get this to work when knitting the markdown doc! SO have replaced it
# # with the above function instead.
# # When using the script as is - this works fine. 
vcv_matrices <-
  purrr::map(
    data_list,
    ~ clubSandwich::impute_covariance_matrix(
      vi = (.$vi),
      cluster = (.$Study),
      r = 0.5,
      return_list = F
    )
  )

vcv_matrices_interactions <-
  purrr::map(
    data_list_interactions,
    ~ clubSandwich::impute_covariance_matrix(
      vi = (.$vi),
      cluster = (.$Study),
      r = 0.5,
      return_list = F
    )
  )

# using the return_list = F option is not recommended when the elements aren't
# ordered... which could cause issues, there's a check to see that they are correct.

# all.equal(meta_CD_All$vi, diag(vcv_matrices$meta_CD_All))  # can repeat on others. 

7 MODELS

Now we add the models in a stepwise fashion

The overarching method followed is:

1. Run the most simple version of the model. Without moderators (but with random effects) Check the heterogeneity: a significant amount of heterogeneity means that although you may have a main trend in your effect size, there is STILL a lot of unexplained variability in the effect size . Heterogeneity is generally caused by the different ways in which studies are undertaken. There is a rule of thumb to use a as a threshold for when to continue/stop (>60% is moderator, >70% is high).
2. Add moderators to your model - do this one by one and in each case you can check the effect on the heterogeneity. Showing that the variability of the main effect was moderated by.. The moderators could be useful predictors of the variability in the effect of natural vs artificial substrates on the diversity/growth/cover..
3. Finally add all moderators and random effects into one model and the amount of heterogeneity remaining should NOT be significant. This also serves to check the robustness of the moderators.

7.1 SIMPLE MODEL - all parameters

Steps:

• simple model, then add treatment, then control, then durations all separately
• in each case calculate the I2, then the R2 (model fit).
• Then plot an orchard plot - precision shown by size of ‘fruit’.
• Then plot a caterpillar plot - mean effect size plus CIs for each study
• Both plots have 95% confidence intervals that support the mean effect size, as well as prediction intervals which predict the range of effects that may be observed.

Setting dpi value for plots (lower number to speed up script)

plot_dpi <- 300
#suggestions: 320 - retina, 300 - print, 72 - screen

All data sets and vcv matrices included in the models:

names(data_list)

## [1] "meta_All"     "meta_All_Hab" "meta_C_All"   "meta_CD_All"  "meta_CD_Hab" 
## [6] "meta_D_All"   "meta_R_All"

names(vcv_matrices)

## [1] "meta_All"     "meta_All_Hab" "meta_C_All"   "meta_CD_All"  "meta_CD_Hab" 
## [6] "meta_D_All"   "meta_R_All"

Results of simple models (no moderators)

# simple model - with vcv step included:
simp_mods <- map2(data_list,
                  vcv_matrices,
                  ~ rma.mv(
                    yi = yi,
                    V = .y,
                    data = .x,
                    random = list( ~ 1 | Study,
                                   ~ 1 | Exp_ID,
                                   ~ 1 | Effect_ID),
                    method = "REML",
                    control=list(optimizer="optim")
                  )) # for map2 - the first two arguments are the .x and
#.y respectively. 

simp_mods_test <- rma.mv(
  yi = yi,
  V = vcv_matrices$meta_All,
  data = meta_All,
  random = list(~ 1 | Study,
                ~ 1 | Exp_ID,
                ~ 1 | Effect_ID),
  method = "REML",
  control = list(optimizer = "optim")
  )

#to check that the Vs are actually correct: 
# all.equal(meta_All$vi, diag(simp_mods$meta_All$V))   #TRUE! :) 


#creating summary table of model results. 
#including I2 and R2
it <- seq_len(length(simp_mods))
res_2 <- lapply(
  it,
  FUN = function(x) {
    sum <- summary(simp_mods[[x]])
    sum_I2 <- i2_ml(simp_mods[[x]], method = "ns") #now that there are multiple random effects its multi level
    sum_R2 <- r2_ml(simp_mods[[x]])
    res <- data.frame(
      name = names(data_list[x]),
      effectname = attr(sum$beta, "dimnames")[[1]],
      beta = as.numeric(sum$beta),
      #  add in the percentage increase/decrease
      # this is ON artificial (treatment) materials only
      percentage_increase_or_decrease_on_Artificial = (exp(sum$beta)-1)*100,
      real.effect.value_exp_beta = exp(sum$beta),
      pval = sum$pval,
      ci.lb = sum$ci.lb,
      ci.ub = sum$ci.ub,
      I2_total = sum_I2[[1]] * 100,
      I2_study = sum_I2[[2]] * 100,
      I2_Exp_ID = sum_I2[[3]] * 100,   
      I2_Effect_ID = sum_I2[[4]] * 100,
      R2_marginal_fixed = sum_R2[[1]] * 100,
      R2_conditional_fixed_random = sum_R2[[2]] * 100,
      AIC = simp_mods[[x]]$fit.stats$REML[3],
      row.names = NULL
    )
    return(res)
    
  }
)
res_2_df <- bind_rows(res_2)
write.csv(res_2_df, file = "./outputs/natural/summ_Simp_random.csv")

# show as kable table: 
res_2_df %>%
  kable("html", digits = 3) %>%
  kable_styling("striped", position = "left") %>%
  scroll_box(width = "100%",
             height = "100%")

name	effectname	beta	percentage_increase_or_decrease_on_Artificial	real.effect.value_exp_beta	pval	ci.lb	ci.ub	I2_total	I2_study	I2_Exp_ID	I2_Effect_ID	R2_marginal_fixed	R2_conditional_fixed_random	AIC
meta_All	intrcpt	-0.064	-6.235	0.938	0.307	-0.188	0.059	98.773	16.764	0.000	82.009	0	16.973	1860.522
meta_All_Hab	intrcpt	-0.031	-3.064	0.969	0.823	-0.304	0.242	99.604	39.879	0.340	59.385	0	40.378	788.790
meta_C_All	intrcpt	0.000	0.050	1.001	0.992	-0.103	0.104	92.244	2.107	1.260	88.877	0	3.650	1088.050
meta_CD_All	intrcpt	-0.071	-6.820	0.932	0.307	-0.206	0.065	99.027	15.921	0.000	83.107	0	16.077	1741.765
meta_CD_Hab	intrcpt	-0.031	-3.064	0.969	0.823	-0.304	0.242	99.604	39.879	0.340	59.385	0	40.378	788.790
meta_D_All	intrcpt	-0.195	-17.683	0.823	0.162	-0.467	0.078	99.754	24.826	5.285	69.643	0	30.185	624.297
meta_R_All	intrcpt	-0.017	-1.684	0.983	0.759	-0.126	0.092	66.757	0.002	32.419	34.336	0	48.566	64.164

# expecting R2_marginal to be zero as there are no moderators
#so no fixed factors to investigate. 

#plots 
model_summ <- simp_mods 
simp_orchs <- model_summ %>%
        map(~orchard_plot(., mod = "Int", xlab = "Ratio of means")) 
simp_cats <- model_summ %>%
        map(~caterpillars(., mod = "Int", xlab = "Ratio of means"))   

# #saving plots
plotnames <- paste0("./outputs/natural/simp_orch_", names(simp_orchs), ".tiff")
walk2(plotnames, simp_orchs, ~ggsave(filename = .x, plot = .y, dpi = plot_dpi, width = 8, height = 8))

#separate ones - cats
plotnames <- paste0("./outputs/natural/simp_cat_", names(simp_cats), ".tiff")
walk2(plotnames, simp_cats, ~ggsave(filename = .x, plot = .y, dpi = plot_dpi, width = 10))

#Simple model plots for publishing. (ADD this info to the above rather)
aa <- simp_orchs$meta_CD_All +
  scale_y_discrete(labels = c("Intrcpt" = "Overall")) +
  theme(
    text = element_text(size = 20, colour = "black"),
    axis.text.y = element_text(size = 20, colour = "black")
  ) +
  theme(
    legend.direction = "horizontal",
    legend.title = element_text(size = 20, colour = "black"),
    legend.text = element_text(size = 20, colour = "black")
  )
ggsave(
  aa,
  filename = "./outputs/natural/simp_orch_meta_CD_All.tiff",
  dpi = plot_dpi,
  width = 8,
  height = 8
)
ggsave(
  aa,
  filename = "./outputs/natural/simp_orch_meta_CD_All.pdf",
  dpi = plot_dpi,
  width = 8,
  height = 8
)

bb <- simp_orchs$meta_R_All +
  scale_y_discrete(labels = c("Intrcpt" = "Overall")) +
  theme(
    text = element_text(size = 20, colour = "black"),
    axis.text.y = element_text(size = 20, colour = "black")
  ) +
  theme(
    legend.direction = "horizontal",
    legend.title = element_text(size = 20, colour = "black"),
    legend.text = element_text(size = 20, colour = "black")
  )
ggsave(
  bb,
  filename = "./outputs/natural/simp_orch_meta_R_All.tiff",
  dpi = plot_dpi,
  width = 8,
  height = 8
)
ggsave(
  bb,
  filename = "./outputs/natural/simp_orch_meta_R_All.pdf",
  dpi = plot_dpi,
  width = 8,
  height = 8
)

cc <- simp_orchs$meta_CD_Hab +
  scale_y_discrete(labels = c("Intrcpt" = "Overall")) +
  theme(
    text = element_text(size = 20, colour = "black"),
    axis.text.y = element_text(size = 20, colour = "black")
  ) +
  theme(
    legend.direction = "horizontal",
    legend.title = element_text(size = 20, colour = "black"),
    legend.text = element_text(size = 20, colour = "black")
  )
ggsave(
  cc,
  filename = "./outputs/natural/simp_orch_meta_CD_Hab.tiff",
  dpi = plot_dpi,
  width = 8,
  height = 8
)
ggsave(
  cc,
  filename = "./outputs/natural/simp_orch_meta_CD_Hab.pdf",
  dpi = plot_dpi,
  width = 8,
  height = 8
)

7.2 Adding group - FUNCTION

Checking if simple model shows variability in effect size with functional group (ie Sessile, benthic or fish).

It is one of our hypotheses that effect sizes will be greater in sessile, and lower in higher trophic level groups.

#removing Hab formers as these will be dealt with separately later, to allow
# inclusion of phylogenetic info. 
data_list_no_hab <- list(meta_All = meta_All, 
                        meta_All_Hab = meta_All_Hab,
                        meta_C_All = meta_C_All,
                        meta_CD_All = meta_CD_All,
                        meta_CD_Hab = meta_CD_Hab,
                        meta_D_All = meta_D_All, 
                        meta_R_All = meta_R_All)

vcv_matrices_no_hab<-vcv_matrices[names(data_list_no_hab)]

#checking distribution of datapoints per functional group. 
table(meta$Function)

#checking the spread of data in "function" for each model:
it <- seq_len(length(data_list))
tbl_1 <- lapply(
  it,
  FUN = function(x) {
    tbl <- table(data_list[[x]]$Function)
    res <- data.frame(
      name = names(data_list[x]),
      Algae = tbl[1],
      Benthic = tbl[2],
      Fish = tbl[3],
      Invert = tbl[4],
      Sessile = tbl[5],
      row.names = NULL
    )
    return(res)
  }
) 
regresdf_func_tbl <- bind_rows(tbl_1)
(regresdf_func_tbl)
write.csv(regresdf_func_tbl, file = "./outputs/natural/function_detail_distribution.csv")

# Function models 
models_func <- map2(data_list_no_hab,
                       vcv_matrices_no_hab,
                       ~ rma.mv(
                         yi = yi,
                         V = .y,
                         data = .x,
                         mods = ~Function -1,  #removing intercept to see levels
                         random = list(~ 1 |Study, 
                                       ~ 1 |Exp_ID,
                                       ~ 1 |Effect_ID),
                         method = "REML",
                         control=list(optimizer="optim")
                       ))


it <- seq_len(length(models_func))
regres <- lapply(it, FUN = function(x) {
        sum <- summary(models_func[[x]])
        sum_I2 <- i2_ml(models_func[[x]], method = "ns")
        sum_R2 <- r2_ml(models_func[[x]])
        res <- data.frame(name = names(models_func[x]),
                          effectname = attr(sum$beta, "dimnames")[[1]],
                          beta = as.numeric(sum$beta),
                          percentage_increase_or_decrease_on_Artificial = (exp(sum$beta)-1)*100,
                          real.effect.value_exp_beta = exp(sum$beta),
                          pval = sum$pval,
                          ci.lb = sum$ci.lb,
                          ci.ub = sum$ci.ub,
                          I2_total = sum_I2[[1]]*100,
                          I2_study = sum_I2[[2]]*100,
                          I2_Exp_ID = sum_I2[[3]]*100,
                          I2_Effect_ID = sum_I2[[4]] * 100,
                          R2_marginal_fixed = sum_R2[[1]]*100,
                          R2_conditional_fixed_random = sum_R2[[2]]*100,
                          Moderator_significance_stat = sum$QM,
                          Moderator_significance_pval = sum$QMp,
                          AIC = models_func[[x]]$fit.stats$REML[3],
                          row.names=NULL)
        return(res)
        
})
regresdf_func <- bind_rows(regres)
write.csv(regresdf_func, file = "./outputs/natural/summ_Function.csv")


#plots 
func_orchs <- models_func %>%
        map(~orchard_plot(., mod = "Function", xlab = "Ratio of means"))
plotnames <- paste0("./outputs/natural/func_orch_", names(func_orchs), ".tiff")
walk2(plotnames, func_orchs, ~ggsave(filename = .x, plot = .y, dpi = plot_dpi, width = 10))

# summary(models_func[[1]])
# summary(models_func[[2]])
# summary(models_func[[3]])
# summary(models_func[[4]])


#checking for significant contrasts between sub-levels
# only if there's at least one significant level (checking that theory.. as there
# are no significant levels for function)
# none significant
contrast_func_R_all <- 
  summary(glht(
  models_func$meta_R_All,
  linfct = c(
    "FunctionAlgae - FunctionBenthic = 0",
    "FunctionAlgae - FunctionFish = 0",
    "FunctionAlgae - FunctionInvert = 0",
    "FunctionAlgae - FunctionSessile = 0",
    "FunctionBenthic - FunctionFish = 0",
    "FunctionBenthic - FunctionInvert = 0",
    "FunctionBenthic - FunctionSessile = 0",
    "FunctionFish - FunctionSessile = 0",
    "FunctionFish - FunctionInvert = 0",
    "FunctionSessile - FunctionInvert = 0"
  )
))


#contrast_func_CD_all
#contrast_func_R_all

Summary of results:

regresdf_func %>%
  kable("html", digits = 3) %>%
  kable_styling("striped", position = "left") %>%
  scroll_box(width = "100%",
             height = "500px")

name	effectname	beta	percentage_increase_or_decrease_on_Artificial	real.effect.value_exp_beta	pval	ci.lb	ci.ub	I2_total	I2_study	I2_Exp_ID	I2_Effect_ID	R2_marginal_fixed	R2_conditional_fixed_random	Moderator_significance_stat	Moderator_significance_pval	AIC
meta_All	FunctionAlgae	0.061	6.269	1.063	0.499	-0.116	0.237	98.789	18.170	0.000	80.618	1.508	19.624	7.361	0.195	1855.841
meta_All	FunctionBenthic	-0.312	-26.799	0.732	0.049	-0.623	-0.001	98.789	18.170	0.000	80.618	1.508	19.624	7.361	0.195	1855.841
meta_All	FunctionFish	-0.073	-7.030	0.930	0.674	-0.412	0.266	98.789	18.170	0.000	80.618	1.508	19.624	7.361	0.195	1855.841
meta_All	FunctionInvert	-0.061	-5.904	0.941	0.413	-0.206	0.085	98.789	18.170	0.000	80.618	1.508	19.624	7.361	0.195	1855.841
meta_All	FunctionSessile	-0.115	-10.856	0.891	0.256	-0.313	0.083	98.789	18.170	0.000	80.618	1.508	19.624	7.361	0.195	1855.841
meta_All_Hab	FunctionAlgae	0.010	0.976	1.010	0.972	-0.527	0.546	99.624	43.076	0.174	56.374	0.120	43.481	0.078	0.962	786.924
meta_All_Hab	FunctionInvert	-0.047	-4.630	0.954	0.782	-0.383	0.288	99.624	43.076	0.174	56.374	0.120	43.481	0.078	0.962	786.924
meta_C_All	FunctionAlgae	0.054	5.586	1.056	0.394	-0.071	0.179	92.253	1.174	1.404	89.674	1.911	4.653	3.287	0.511	1087.385
meta_C_All	FunctionBenthic	-0.138	-12.884	0.871	0.619	-0.681	0.406	92.253	1.174	1.404	89.674	1.911	4.653	3.287	0.511	1087.385
meta_C_All	FunctionInvert	-0.083	-7.990	0.920	0.245	-0.224	0.057	92.253	1.174	1.404	89.674	1.911	4.653	3.287	0.511	1087.385
meta_C_All	FunctionSessile	0.018	1.776	1.018	0.873	-0.198	0.233	92.253	1.174	1.404	89.674	1.911	4.653	3.287	0.511	1087.385
meta_CD_All	FunctionAlgae	0.056	5.733	1.057	0.579	-0.141	0.253	99.036	17.528	0.000	81.508	2.020	19.361	8.534	0.129	1735.890
meta_CD_All	FunctionBenthic	-0.546	-42.083	0.579	0.013	-0.977	-0.115	99.036	17.528	0.000	81.508	2.020	19.361	8.534	0.129	1735.890
meta_CD_All	FunctionFish	-0.210	-18.952	0.810	0.363	-0.663	0.243	99.036	17.528	0.000	81.508	2.020	19.361	8.534	0.129	1735.890
meta_CD_All	FunctionInvert	-0.086	-8.239	0.918	0.287	-0.244	0.072	99.036	17.528	0.000	81.508	2.020	19.361	8.534	0.129	1735.890
meta_CD_All	FunctionSessile	-0.062	-6.038	0.940	0.679	-0.357	0.232	99.036	17.528	0.000	81.508	2.020	19.361	8.534	0.129	1735.890
meta_CD_Hab	FunctionAlgae	0.010	0.976	1.010	0.972	-0.527	0.546	99.624	43.076	0.174	56.374	0.120	43.481	0.078	0.962	786.924
meta_CD_Hab	FunctionInvert	-0.047	-4.630	0.954	0.782	-0.383	0.288	99.624	43.076	0.174	56.374	0.120	43.481	0.078	0.962	786.924
meta_D_All	FunctionAlgae	-0.305	-26.319	0.737	0.479	-1.150	0.539	99.765	29.108	5.219	65.438	2.150	35.819	5.799	0.326	620.864
meta_D_All	FunctionBenthic	-0.757	-53.086	0.469	0.023	-1.410	-0.104	99.765	29.108	5.219	65.438	2.150	35.819	5.799	0.326	620.864
meta_D_All	FunctionFish	-0.297	-25.668	0.743	0.334	-0.898	0.305	99.765	29.108	5.219	65.438	2.150	35.819	5.799	0.326	620.864
meta_D_All	FunctionInvert	-0.123	-11.600	0.884	0.440	-0.437	0.190	99.765	29.108	5.219	65.438	2.150	35.819	5.799	0.326	620.864
meta_D_All	FunctionSessile	-0.086	-8.211	0.918	0.885	-1.246	1.075	99.765	29.108	5.219	65.438	2.150	35.819	5.799	0.326	620.864
meta_R_All	FunctionAlgae	0.126	13.454	1.135	0.371	-0.150	0.403	70.423	0.012	42.141	28.270	6.908	62.630	2.994	0.701	70.412
meta_R_All	FunctionBenthic	0.066	6.773	1.068	0.615	-0.190	0.321	70.423	0.012	42.141	28.270	6.908	62.630	2.994	0.701	70.412
meta_R_All	FunctionFish	0.000	-0.036	1.000	0.997	-0.224	0.224	70.423	0.012	42.141	28.270	6.908	62.630	2.994	0.701	70.412
meta_R_All	FunctionInvert	-0.027	-2.617	0.974	0.811	-0.243	0.190	70.423	0.012	42.141	28.270	6.908	62.630	2.994	0.701	70.412
meta_R_All	FunctionSessile	-0.077	-7.457	0.925	0.406	-0.260	0.105	70.423	0.012	42.141	28.270	6.908	62.630	2.994	0.701	70.412

plots

func_orchs

## $meta_All

## 
## $meta_All_Hab

## 
## $meta_C_All

## 
## $meta_CD_All

## 
## $meta_CD_Hab

## 
## $meta_D_All

## 
## $meta_R_All

7.3 Adding Mod: TREATMENT

#checking the spread of data in "treatment" for each model:
table(meta$Treatment)
# in greater detail 
it <- seq_len(length(data_list))
tbl_1 <- lapply(
  it,
  FUN = function(x) {
    tbl <- table(data_list[[x]]$Treatment)
    res <- data.frame(
      name = names(data_list[x]),
      Clay = tbl[1],
      Concrete = tbl[2],
      Metal = tbl[3],
      Polymer = tbl[4]
    )
    
    return(res)
  }
) 
regresdf <- bind_rows(tbl_1)
write.csv(regresdf, file = "./outputs/natural/treatment_detail_distribution.csv")


#moderators
#TREATMENT
models_treat <- map2(data_list_no_hab,
                       vcv_matrices_no_hab,
                       ~ rma.mv(
                         yi = yi,
                         V = .y,
                         data = .x,
                         mods = ~ Treatment - 1,
                         random = list(~ 1 |Study,
                                       ~ 1 |Exp_ID,
                                       ~ 1 |Effect_ID),
                         method = "REML",
                         control=list(optimizer="optim")
                       ))


## quick model summary: 
list_summary <- purrr::map(models_treat,broom::tidy)

# checking contrasts: only selected those models where there was at least one significant sub level. 
contrast_treat_meta_all <- 
  summary(glht(
  models_treat$meta_All,
  linfct = c(
    "TreatmentClay - TreatmentConcrete = 0",
    "TreatmentClay - TreatmentMetal = 0",
    "TreatmentClay - TreatmentPolymer = 0",
    "TreatmentConcrete - TreatmentMetal = 0",
    "TreatmentConcrete - TreatmentPolymer = 0",
    "TreatmentMetal - TreatmentPolymer = 0"
  )
))

contrast_treat_meta_CD_all <- 
  summary(glht(
  models_treat$meta_CD_All,
  linfct = c(
    "TreatmentClay - TreatmentConcrete = 0",
    "TreatmentClay - TreatmentMetal = 0",
    "TreatmentClay - TreatmentPolymer = 0",
    "TreatmentConcrete - TreatmentMetal = 0",
    "TreatmentConcrete - TreatmentPolymer = 0",
    "TreatmentMetal - TreatmentPolymer = 0"
  )
))

contrast_treat_meta_D_All <- 
  summary(glht(
  models_treat$meta_D_All,
  linfct = c(
    "TreatmentClay - TreatmentConcrete = 0",
    "TreatmentClay - TreatmentMetal = 0",
    "TreatmentClay - TreatmentPolymer = 0",
    "TreatmentConcrete - TreatmentMetal = 0",
    "TreatmentConcrete - TreatmentPolymer = 0",
    "TreatmentMetal - TreatmentPolymer = 0"
  )
))



#summary
it <- seq_len(length(models_treat))
regres <- lapply(it, FUN = function(x) {
        sum <- summary(models_treat[[x]])
        sum_I2 <- i2_ml(models_treat[[x]], method = "ns")
        sum_R2 <- r2_ml(models_treat[[x]])
        res <- data.frame(name = names(models_treat[x]),
                          effectname = attr(sum$beta, "dimnames")[[1]],
                          beta = as.numeric(sum$beta),
                          percentage_increase_or_decrease_on_Artificial = (exp(sum$beta)-1)*100,
                          real.effect.value_exp_beta = exp(sum$beta),
                          pval = sum$pval,
                          ci.lb = sum$ci.lb,
                          ci.ub = sum$ci.ub,
                          I2_total = sum_I2[[1]]*100,
                          I2_study = sum_I2[[2]]*100,
                          I2_Exp_ID = sum_I2[[3]]*100,
                          I2_Effect_ID = sum_I2[[4]] * 100,
                          R2_marginal_fixed = sum_R2[[1]]*100,
                          R2_conditional_fixed_random = sum_R2[[2]]*100,
                          Moderator_significance_stat = sum$QM,
                          Moderator_significance_pval = sum$QMp,
                          AIC = models_treat[[x]]$fit.stats$REML[3],
                          row.names = NULL)
        
        return(res)
        
})
regresdf_treat <- bind_rows(regres)
write.csv(regresdf_treat, file = "./outputs/natural/summ_Treatment.csv")

#plots 
treat_orchs <- models_treat %>%
        map(~orchard_plot(., mod = "Treatment", xlab = "Ratio of means")) 
treat_cats <- models_treat %>%
        map(~caterpillars(., mod = "Treatment", xlab = "Ratio of means"))  

#saving plots:
# separate ones - orch
plotnames <- paste0("./outputs/natural/treat_orch_", names(treat_orchs), ".tiff")
walk2(plotnames, treat_orchs, ~ggsave(filename = .x, plot = .y, dpi = plot_dpi, width = 10))
#separate ones - cats
plotnames <- paste0("./outputs/natural/treat_cat_", names(treat_cats), ".tiff")
walk2(plotnames, treat_cats, ~ggsave(filename = .x, plot = .y, dpi = plot_dpi, width = 10))

Summary of results:

regresdf_treat %>%
  kable("html", digits = 3) %>%
  kable_styling("striped", position = "left") %>%
  scroll_box(width = "100%",
             height = "500px")

name	effectname	beta	percentage_increase_or_decrease_on_Artificial	real.effect.value_exp_beta	pval	ci.lb	ci.ub	I2_total	I2_study	I2_Exp_ID	I2_Effect_ID	R2_marginal_fixed	R2_conditional_fixed_random	Moderator_significance_stat	Moderator_significance_pval	AIC
meta_All	TreatmentClay	-0.199	-18.049	0.820	0.057	-0.404	0.006	98.721	18.321	1.750	78.650	11.261	29.303	33.997	0.000	1829.421
meta_All	TreatmentConcrete	0.153	16.525	1.165	0.041	0.007	0.299	98.721	18.321	1.750	78.650	11.261	29.303	33.997	0.000	1829.421
meta_All	TreatmentMetal	-0.343	-29.010	0.710	0.002	-0.563	-0.123	98.721	18.321	1.750	78.650	11.261	29.303	33.997	0.000	1829.421
meta_All	TreatmentPolymer	-0.237	-21.125	0.789	0.002	-0.388	-0.086	98.721	18.321	1.750	78.650	11.261	29.303	33.997	0.000	1829.421
meta_All_Hab	TreatmentClay	-0.111	-10.513	0.895	0.546	-0.472	0.250	99.600	49.353	3.818	46.429	26.349	65.667	48.970	0.000	744.750
meta_All_Hab	TreatmentConcrete	0.331	39.199	1.392	0.040	0.014	0.647	99.600	49.353	3.818	46.429	26.349	65.667	48.970	0.000	744.750
meta_All_Hab	TreatmentMetal	-0.778	-54.064	0.459	0.001	-1.248	-0.308	99.600	49.353	3.818	46.429	26.349	65.667	48.970	0.000	744.750
meta_All_Hab	TreatmentPolymer	-0.657	-48.156	0.518	0.000	-1.013	-0.300	99.600	49.353	3.818	46.429	26.349	65.667	48.970	0.000	744.750
meta_C_All	TreatmentClay	-0.286	-24.862	0.751	0.023	-0.532	-0.040	92.495	7.223	2.177	83.094	5.883	15.449	9.956	0.041	1080.977
meta_C_All	TreatmentConcrete	0.123	13.130	1.131	0.110	-0.028	0.274	92.495	7.223	2.177	83.094	5.883	15.449	9.956	0.041	1080.977
meta_C_All	TreatmentMetal	-0.089	-8.512	0.915	0.531	-0.367	0.189	92.495	7.223	2.177	83.094	5.883	15.449	9.956	0.041	1080.977
meta_C_All	TreatmentPolymer	-0.051	-4.949	0.951	0.513	-0.203	0.101	92.495	7.223	2.177	83.094	5.883	15.449	9.956	0.041	1080.977
meta_CD_All	TreatmentClay	-0.196	-17.810	0.822	0.091	-0.424	0.032	98.997	19.316	0.000	79.681	11.217	28.540	31.529	0.000	1712.933
meta_CD_All	TreatmentConcrete	0.163	17.716	1.177	0.051	-0.001	0.327	98.997	19.316	0.000	79.681	11.217	28.540	31.529	0.000	1712.933
meta_CD_All	TreatmentMetal	-0.383	-31.831	0.682	0.004	-0.647	-0.120	98.997	19.316	0.000	79.681	11.217	28.540	31.529	0.000	1712.933
meta_CD_All	TreatmentPolymer	-0.266	-23.330	0.767	0.002	-0.436	-0.096	98.997	19.316	0.000	79.681	11.217	28.540	31.529	0.000	1712.933
meta_CD_Hab	TreatmentClay	-0.111	-10.513	0.895	0.546	-0.472	0.250	99.600	49.353	3.818	46.429	26.349	65.667	48.970	0.000	744.750
meta_CD_Hab	TreatmentConcrete	0.331	39.199	1.392	0.040	0.014	0.647	99.600	49.353	3.818	46.429	26.349	65.667	48.970	0.000	744.750
meta_CD_Hab	TreatmentMetal	-0.778	-54.064	0.459	0.001	-1.248	-0.308	99.600	49.353	3.818	46.429	26.349	65.667	48.970	0.000	744.750
meta_CD_Hab	TreatmentPolymer	-0.657	-48.156	0.518	0.000	-1.013	-0.300	99.600	49.353	3.818	46.429	26.349	65.667	48.970	0.000	744.750
meta_D_All	TreatmentClay	-0.038	-3.688	0.963	0.841	-0.404	0.329	99.685	23.127	14.184	62.375	35.187	59.445	56.740	0.000	576.839
meta_D_All	TreatmentConcrete	0.241	27.261	1.273	0.101	-0.047	0.529	99.685	23.127	14.184	62.375	35.187	59.445	56.740	0.000	576.839
meta_D_All	TreatmentMetal	-0.923	-60.254	0.397	0.000	-1.353	-0.493	99.685	23.127	14.184	62.375	35.187	59.445	56.740	0.000	576.839
meta_D_All	TreatmentPolymer	-0.865	-57.900	0.421	0.000	-1.198	-0.532	99.685	23.127	14.184	62.375	35.187	59.445	56.740	0.000	576.839
meta_R_All	TreatmentClay	-0.095	-9.075	0.909	0.509	-0.378	0.187	65.614	0.001	33.148	32.466	10.432	55.682	4.948	0.293	66.795
meta_R_All	TreatmentConcrete	0.035	3.558	1.036	0.603	-0.097	0.167	65.614	0.001	33.148	32.466	10.432	55.682	4.948	0.293	66.795
meta_R_All	TreatmentMetal	-0.153	-14.151	0.858	0.076	-0.321	0.016	65.614	0.001	33.148	32.466	10.432	55.682	4.948	0.293	66.795
meta_R_All	TreatmentPolymer	-0.019	-1.853	0.981	0.784	-0.152	0.115	65.614	0.001	33.148	32.466	10.432	55.682	4.948	0.293	66.795

Plots

treat_orchs

## $meta_All

## 
## $meta_All_Hab

## 
## $meta_C_All

## 
## $meta_CD_All

## 
## $meta_CD_Hab

## 
## $meta_D_All

## 
## $meta_R_All

7.4 Adding Mod: TREATMENT_DETAIL_MOD

To check relative influence of each material. Most sub-levels showed similar trends and justified being grouped as either: metal, polymer, clay or concrete.

#checking the spread of data in "treatment" for each model:
table(meta$Treatment_detail_MOD)

#TREATMENT
models_treat_detail <- map2(data_list_no_hab,
                       vcv_matrices_no_hab,
                       ~ rma.mv(
                         yi = yi,
                         V = .y,
                         data = .x,
                         mods = ~ Treatment_detail_MOD - 1,
                         random = list(~ 1 |Study,
                                       ~ 1 |Exp_ID,
                                       ~ 1 |Effect_ID),
                         method = "REML",
                         control=list(optimizer="optim")
                       ))

## quick model summary: 
list_summary_detail <- purrr::map(models_treat_detail,broom::tidy)

# plots
#plots 
treat_orchs_detail <- models_treat_detail %>%
        map(~orchard_plot(., mod = "Treatment_detail_MOD", xlab = "Ratio of means", cb=F, angle = 0) +
              theme(axis.text.y = element_text(hjust = 0.95))) 
plotnames <- paste0("./outputs/natural/treat_orch_detail_", names(treat_orchs_detail), ".tiff")
walk2(plotnames, treat_orchs_detail, ~ggsave(filename = .x, plot = .y, dpi = plot_dpi, width = 10, height = 8))

Plots with treatment detail included:

treat_orchs_detail

## $meta_All

## 
## $meta_All_Hab

## 
## $meta_C_All

## 
## $meta_CD_All

## 
## $meta_CD_Hab

## 
## $meta_D_All

## 
## $meta_R_All

7.5 Adding Mod: CONTROL

#moderators
# CONTROL

models_cntrl <- map2(
  data_list_no_hab,
  vcv_matrices_no_hab,
  ~ rma.mv(
    yi = yi,
    V = .y,
    data = .x,
    mods = ~ Control - 1,
    random = list( ~ 1 | Study, ~ 1 | Exp_ID, ~ 1 | Effect_ID),
    method = "REML",
    control=list(optimizer="optim")
  )
) 

it <- seq_len(length(models_cntrl))
regres_cntrl <- lapply(it, FUN = function(x) {
        sum <- summary(models_cntrl[[x]])
        sum_I2 <- i2_ml(models_cntrl[[x]], method = "ns")
        sum_R2 <- r2_ml(models_cntrl[[x]])
        res <- data.frame(name = names(models_cntrl[x]),
                          effectname = attr(sum$beta, "dimnames")[[1]],
                          beta = as.numeric(sum$beta),
                          percentage_increase_or_decrease_on_Artificial = (exp(sum$beta)-1)*100,
                          real.effect.value_exp_beta = exp(sum$beta),
                          pval = sum$pval,
                          ci.lb = sum$ci.lb,
                          ci.ub = sum$ci.ub,
                          I2_total = sum_I2[[1]]*100,
                          I2_study = sum_I2[[2]]*100,
                          I2_Exp_ID = sum_I2[[3]]*100,
                          I2_Effect_ID = sum_I2[[4]] * 100,
                          R2_marginal_fixed = sum_R2[[1]]*100,
                          R2_conditional_fixed_random = sum_R2[[2]]*100,
                          Moderator_significance_stat = sum$QM,
                          Moderator_significance_pval = sum$QMp,
                          AIC = models_cntrl[[x]]$fit.stats$REML[3],
                          row.names = NULL)
        return(res)
        
})
regresdf_cntrl <- bind_rows(regres_cntrl)
write.csv(regresdf_cntrl, file = "./outputs/natural/summ_Control.csv")


#plots 
cntrl_orchs <- models_cntrl %>%
        map(~orchard_plot(., mod = "Control", xlab = "Ratio of means")) 
cntrl_cats <- models_cntrl %>%
        map(~caterpillars(., mod = "Control", xlab = "Ratio of means"))  

#saving plots:
# separate ones - orch
plotnames <- paste0("./outputs/natural/cntrl_orch_", names(cntrl_orchs), ".tiff")
walk2(plotnames, cntrl_orchs, ~ggsave(filename = .x, plot = .y, dpi = plot_dpi, width = 10))
#separate ones - cats
plotnames <- paste0("./outputs/natural/cntrl_cat_", names(cntrl_cats), ".tiff")
walk2(plotnames, cntrl_cats, ~ggsave(filename = .x, plot = .y, dpi = plot_dpi, width = 10))

Summary of results:

regresdf_cntrl %>%
  kable("html", digits = 3) %>%
  kable_styling("striped", position = "left") %>%
  scroll_box(width = "100%",
             height = "500px")

name	effectname	beta	percentage_increase_or_decrease_on_Artificial	real.effect.value_exp_beta	pval	ci.lb	ci.ub	I2_total	I2_study	I2_Exp_ID	I2_Effect_ID	R2_marginal_fixed	R2_conditional_fixed_random	Moderator_significance_stat	Moderator_significance_pval	AIC
meta_All	ControlBiogenic	-0.299	-25.879	0.741	0.030	-0.570	-0.029	98.729	12.901	0.000	85.827	2.143	14.931	6.283	0.099	1855.617
meta_All	ControlRock	-0.012	-1.159	0.988	0.858	-0.140	0.116	98.729	12.901	0.000	85.827	2.143	14.931	6.283	0.099	1855.617
meta_All	ControlWood	-0.098	-9.305	0.907	0.226	-0.256	0.060	98.729	12.901	0.000	85.827	2.143	14.931	6.283	0.099	1855.617
meta_All_Hab	ControlBiogenic	-0.303	-26.173	0.738	0.164	-0.731	0.124	99.604	39.647	0.025	59.932	1.970	41.015	2.742	0.433	785.077
meta_All_Hab	ControlRock	0.012	1.189	1.012	0.940	-0.295	0.319	99.604	39.647	0.025	59.932	1.970	41.015	2.742	0.433	785.077
meta_All_Hab	ControlWood	0.043	4.402	1.044	0.832	-0.354	0.440	99.604	39.647	0.025	59.932	1.970	41.015	2.742	0.433	785.077
meta_C_All	ControlBiogenic	-0.220	-19.772	0.802	0.195	-0.554	0.113	92.172	0.226	0.461	91.486	1.772	2.504	1.880	0.598	1086.898
meta_C_All	ControlRock	0.015	1.493	1.015	0.782	-0.090	0.120	92.172	0.226	0.461	91.486	1.772	2.504	1.880	0.598	1086.898
meta_C_All	ControlWood	0.021	2.103	1.021	0.792	-0.134	0.176	92.172	0.226	0.461	91.486	1.772	2.504	1.880	0.598	1086.898
meta_CD_All	ControlBiogenic	-0.327	-27.869	0.721	0.029	-0.619	-0.034	98.997	12.347	0.000	86.651	2.075	14.288	5.403	0.145	1737.315
meta_CD_All	ControlRock	-0.025	-2.420	0.976	0.737	-0.168	0.119	98.997	12.347	0.000	86.651	2.075	14.288	5.403	0.145	1737.315
meta_CD_All	ControlWood	-0.080	-7.644	0.924	0.387	-0.260	0.101	98.997	12.347	0.000	86.651	2.075	14.288	5.403	0.145	1737.315
meta_CD_Hab	ControlBiogenic	-0.303	-26.173	0.738	0.164	-0.731	0.124	99.604	39.647	0.025	59.932	1.970	41.015	2.742	0.433	785.077
meta_CD_Hab	ControlRock	0.012	1.189	1.012	0.940	-0.295	0.319	99.604	39.647	0.025	59.932	1.970	41.015	2.742	0.433	785.077
meta_CD_Hab	ControlWood	0.043	4.402	1.044	0.832	-0.354	0.440	99.604	39.647	0.025	59.932	1.970	41.015	2.742	0.433	785.077
meta_D_All	ControlBiogenic	-0.481	-38.184	0.618	0.038	-0.934	-0.028	99.737	18.980	4.792	75.965	3.521	26.516	6.243	0.100	619.341
meta_D_All	ControlRock	-0.058	-5.597	0.944	0.724	-0.378	0.262	99.737	18.980	4.792	75.965	3.521	26.516	6.243	0.100	619.341
meta_D_All	ControlWood	-0.264	-23.218	0.768	0.195	-0.664	0.135	99.737	18.980	4.792	75.965	3.521	26.516	6.243	0.100	619.341
meta_R_All	ControlBiogenic	0.000	0.000	1.000	1.000	-0.426	0.426	65.067	0.001	28.632	36.433	12.922	51.242	4.814	0.186	65.022
meta_R_All	ControlRock	0.028	2.791	1.028	0.640	-0.088	0.143	65.067	0.001	28.632	36.433	12.922	51.242	4.814	0.186	65.022
meta_R_All	ControlWood	-0.130	-12.178	0.878	0.085	-0.278	0.018	65.067	0.001	28.632	36.433	12.922	51.242	4.814	0.186	65.022

Plots

cntrl_orchs

## $meta_All

## 
## $meta_All_Hab

## 
## $meta_C_All

## 
## $meta_CD_All

## 
## $meta_CD_Hab

## 
## $meta_D_All

## 
## $meta_R_All

7.6 Adding Mod: CONTROL_DETAIL_MOD

To check relative influence of each CONTROL material. Most sub-levels showed similar trends and justified being grouped as either: rock, wood or biogenic.

#checking the spread of data in "control" for each model:
table(meta$Control_detail_MOD)

#control
models_control_detail <- map2(data_list_no_hab,
                       vcv_matrices_no_hab,
                       ~ rma.mv(
                         yi = yi,
                         V = .y,
                         data = .x,
                         mods = ~ Control_detail_MOD - 1,
                         random = list(~ 1 |Study,
                                       ~ 1 |Exp_ID,
                                       ~ 1 |Effect_ID),
                         method = "REML",
                         control=list(optimizer="optim")
                       ))

## quick model summary: 
list_summary_detail <- purrr::map(models_control_detail,broom::tidy)

# plots
#plots 
control_orchs_detail <- models_control_detail %>%
        map(~orchard_plot(., mod = "Control_detail_MOD", xlab = "Ratio of means", cb=F, angle = 0) +
              theme(axis.text.y = element_text(hjust = 0.95))) 
plotnames <- paste0("./outputs/natural/control_orch_detail_", names(control_orchs_detail), ".tiff")
walk2(plotnames, control_orchs_detail, ~ggsave(filename = .x, plot = .y, dpi = plot_dpi, width = 10, height = 8))

Plots with control detail included:

control_orchs_detail

## $meta_All

## 
## $meta_All_Hab

## 
## $meta_C_All

## 
## $meta_CD_All

## 
## $meta_CD_Hab

## 
## $meta_D_All

## 
## $meta_R_All

7.7 Adding Mod: DURATION

# DURATION NEEDS TRANSPOFRMM.. BEST IS LOG10 and  +1 
#Log Duration has zeros.. therefore PLUS 1 required for log transform
#checking the transform:
# qqnorm(sqrt(meta$Duration..months.))
# qqline(sqrt(meta$Duration..months.))
# qqnorm(log10(meta$Duration..months.))
# qqline(log10(meta$Duration..months.))
# qqnorm(log10(meta$Duration..months.+1)) #best
# qqline(log10(meta$Duration..months.+1)) #best

#continuous - LOG10 DURATION 
#Continuous moderator can't have -1 - as we don't want to remove the intercept
# for a slope. Therefore leave intercept in for this set of models.  

models_duration_contin <- map2(
  data_list_no_hab,
  vcv_matrices_no_hab,
  ~ rma.mv(
    yi = yi,
    V = .y,
    data = .x,
    mods = ~ log10(Duration..months. + 1),
    random = list(~ 1 | Study, ~ 1 | Exp_ID, ~ 1 | Effect_ID),
    method = "REML",
    control=list(optimizer="optim")
  )
) 

#Summary table
it <- seq_len(length(models_duration_contin))
regres_duration <- lapply(
  it,
  FUN = function(x) {
    sum <- summary(models_duration_contin[[x]])
    sum_I2 <- i2_ml(models_duration_contin[[x]], method = "ns")
    sum_R2 <- r2_ml(models_duration_contin[[x]])
    res <- data.frame(
      name = names(models_duration_contin[x]),
      effectname = attr(sum$beta, "dimnames")[[1]],
      beta = as.numeric(sum$beta),
      percentage_increase_or_decrease_on_Artificial = (exp(sum$beta)-1)*100,
      real.effect.value_exp_beta = exp(sum$beta), #But as we've logged Duration (and +1) we probably need to add an extra step to this. 
      pval = sum$pval,
      ci.lb = sum$ci.lb,
      ci.ub = sum$ci.ub,
      I2_total = sum_I2[[1]] * 100,
      I2_study = sum_I2[[2]] * 100,
      I2_Exp_ID = sum_I2[[3]] * 100,
      I2_Effect_ID = sum_I2[[4]] * 100,
      R2_marginal_fixed = sum_R2[[1]] * 100,
      R2_conditional_fixed_random = sum_R2[[2]] * 100,
      Moderator_significance_stat = sum$QM,
      Moderator_significance_pval = sum$QMp,
      AIC = models_duration_contin[[x]]$fit.stats$REML[3],
      row.names=NULL
    ) # add QM and QMp (test of moderators)
    return(res)
    
  }
)
regresdf_duration <- bind_rows(regres_duration)
write.csv(regresdf_duration, file = "./outputs/natural/summ_duration_contin.csv")
#effect reduces over time


##### 
## PLot of Duration - Bubble plot
#####

#A scatter plot of log duration and effect size. 
#Using the predict.rma function, which requires a model (rma.mv)
# Examples from:
# Hayward et al 2021. DOI: 10.1111/ele.13757. A broadscale analysis of host-symbiont
# cophylogeny reveals the drivers of phylogenetic congruence

# to get the precision on this plot, ie 1/SE.. we need SE.. and for SE we need N.
# SE is then sqrt(var/N)

pred_Duration..months.<- predict.rma(models_duration_contin$meta_All)
 
# plotting

fig_Duration..months. <-  meta_All %>%
  filter(!is.na(Duration..months.))  %>% # getting rid of NA values
  data.frame(
    .,
    ymin = pred_Duration..months.$ci.lb,
    ymax = pred_Duration..months.$ci.ub,
    ymin2 = pred_Duration..months.$cr.lb,
    ymax2 = pred_Duration..months.$cr.ub,
    pred = pred_Duration..months.$pred
  )  %>%
  ggplot(aes(
    x = log10(Duration..months. + 1),
    y = yi,
    #yi = effect size
    size = 1 / sqrt(vi / Replicates)        # precision: 1/SE /was (1 / yi) + 3 - which does n;t make sense.
    # we can use sample size N (ie number of replicates)
    
  )) +
  geom_point(shape = 21, fill = "grey90") +
  #geom_ribbon(aes(ymin = ymin, ymax = ymax), fill = "#0072B2")  + # not quite sure why this does not work
  geom_smooth(
    aes(y = ymin2),
    method =  "loess",
    se = FALSE,
    lty =  "dotted",
    lwd = 0.25,
    colour = "#0072B2"
  ) +
  geom_smooth(
    aes(y = ymax2),
    method =  "loess",
    se = FALSE,
    lty = "dotted",
    lwd = 0.25,
    colour = "#0072B2"
  ) +
  geom_smooth(
    aes(y = ymin),
    method =  "loess",
    se = FALSE,
    lty = "dotted",
    lwd = 0.25,
    colour = "#D55E00"
  ) +
  geom_smooth(
    aes(y = ymax),
    method =  "loess",
    se = FALSE,
    lty = "dotted",
    lwd = 0.25,
    colour = "#D55E00"
  ) +
  geom_smooth(
    aes(y = pred),
    method =  "loess",
    se = FALSE,
    lty = "dashed",
    lwd = 0.5,
    colour = "black"
  ) +
  #ylim(-1, 2) + xlim(-0.05, 2) +
  #geom_abline(intercept = mr_Duration..months.$beta[[1]], slope = mr_Duration..months.$beta[[2]], alpha = 0.7, linetype = "dashed", size = 0.5) +
  labs(x = "log(Duration +1) [months]",
       y = expression(paste(italic(yi), " (effect size)")),
       size = expression(paste(italic(1 / se), " (precision)"))) +
  guides(fill = "none", colour = "none") +
  # themes
  theme_bw() +
  theme(legend.position = c(1, 1),
        legend.justification = c(1, 1)) +
  theme(legend.direction = "horizontal") +
  #theme(legend.background = element_rect(fill = "white", colour = "black")) +
  theme(legend.background = element_blank()) +
  theme(axis.text.y = element_text(
    size = 10,
    colour = "black",
    hjust = 0.5,
    angle = 90
  )) 

fig_Duration..months.  # looks good - no obvious divergence

ggsave(fig_Duration..months.,filename = "./outputs/natural/Bubble_duration_contin_sngl_mod.jpg",
       dpi = plot_dpi, width = 10)

Summary of results:

regresdf_duration %>%
  kable("html", digits = 3) %>%
  kable_styling("striped", position = "left") %>%
  scroll_box(width = "100%",
             height = "500px")

name	effectname	beta	percentage_increase_or_decrease_on_Artificial	real.effect.value_exp_beta	pval	ci.lb	ci.ub	I2_total	I2_study	I2_Exp_ID	I2_Effect_ID	R2_marginal_fixed	R2_conditional_fixed_random	Moderator_significance_stat	Moderator_significance_pval	AIC
meta_All	intrcpt	-0.102	-9.663	0.903	0.382	-0.329	0.126	98.771	16.525	0.000	82.246	0.069	16.788	0.144	0.704	1860.264
meta_All	log10(Duration..months. + 1)	0.042	4.248	1.042	0.704	-0.173	0.256	98.771	16.525	0.000	82.246	0.069	16.788	0.144	0.704	1860.264
meta_All_Hab	intrcpt	-0.192	-17.440	0.826	0.412	-0.650	0.266	99.590	37.379	0.741	61.470	0.774	38.755	0.715	0.398	787.568
meta_All_Hab	log10(Duration..months. + 1)	0.174	19.015	1.190	0.398	-0.229	0.577	99.590	37.379	0.741	61.470	0.774	38.755	0.715	0.398	787.568
meta_C_All	intrcpt	0.188	20.699	1.207	0.126	-0.053	0.429	92.507	5.356	2.254	84.897	1.555	9.653	3.118	0.077	1085.894
meta_C_All	log10(Duration..months. + 1)	-0.226	-20.199	0.798	0.077	-0.476	0.025	92.507	5.356	2.254	84.897	1.555	9.653	3.118	0.077	1085.894
meta_CD_All	intrcpt	-0.042	-4.070	0.959	0.752	-0.300	0.216	99.042	17.139	0.000	81.902	0.034	17.334	0.069	0.793	1741.503
meta_CD_All	log10(Duration..months. + 1)	-0.033	-3.240	0.968	0.793	-0.279	0.214	99.042	17.139	0.000	81.902	0.034	17.334	0.069	0.793	1741.503
meta_CD_Hab	intrcpt	-0.192	-17.440	0.826	0.412	-0.650	0.266	99.590	37.379	0.741	61.470	0.774	38.755	0.715	0.398	787.568
meta_CD_Hab	log10(Duration..months. + 1)	0.174	19.015	1.190	0.398	-0.229	0.577	99.590	37.379	0.741	61.470	0.774	38.755	0.715	0.398	787.568
meta_D_All	intrcpt	-0.582	-44.144	0.559	0.021	-1.077	-0.088	99.736	18.957	6.552	74.227	6.220	30.206	3.229	0.072	620.275
meta_D_All	log10(Duration..months. + 1)	0.406	50.118	1.501	0.072	-0.037	0.849	99.736	18.957	6.552	74.227	6.220	30.206	3.229	0.072	620.275
meta_R_All	intrcpt	-0.218	-19.577	0.804	0.084	-0.465	0.029	65.580	0.002	29.249	36.329	12.500	51.528	3.114	0.078	63.033
meta_R_All	log10(Duration..months. + 1)	0.184	20.188	1.202	0.078	-0.020	0.388	65.580	0.002	29.249	36.329	12.500	51.528	3.114	0.078	63.033

Plot for meta_all

fig_Duration..months.

7.8 Adding Mod: PARAMETER

Just the full dataset, as most of the model sub-groups are based on parameter.

models_par <- rma.mv(
    yi = yi,
    V = vcv_matrices$meta_All,
    data = meta_All,
    mods = ~ Parameter - 1,
    random = list( ~ 1 | Study, ~ 1 | Exp_ID, ~ 1 | Effect_ID),
    method = "REML",
    control=list(optimizer="optim")
  )

# Summary
sum <- summary(models_par)
sum_I2 <- i2_ml(models_par, method = "ns")
sum_R2 <- r2_ml(models_par)

res <- data.frame(
  name = "models_par",
  effectname = attr(sum$beta, "dimnames")[[1]],
  beta = as.numeric(sum$beta),
  percentage_increase_or_decrease_on_Artificial = (exp(sum$beta)-1)*100,
  real.effect.value_exp_beta = exp(sum$beta),
  pval = sum$pval,
  ci.lb = sum$ci.lb,
  ci.ub = sum$ci.ub,
  I2_total = sum_I2[[1]] * 100,
  I2_study = sum_I2[[2]] * 100,
  I2_Exp_ID = sum_I2[[3]] * 100,
  I2_Effect_ID = sum_I2[[4]] * 100,
  R2_marginal_fixed = sum_R2[[1]] * 100,
  R2_conditional_fixed_random = sum_R2[[2]] * 100,
  Moderator_significance_stat = sum$QM,
  Moderator_significance_pval = sum$QMp,
  AIC = models_par$fit.stats$REML[3]
)

write.csv(res, file = "./outputs/natural/summ_par.csv")

#Adding contrasts to check for significant differences
contrast_par <- 
  summary(glht(
  models_par,
  linfct = c(
    "ParameterCover - ParameterDensity = 0",
    "ParameterCover - ParameterRichness = 0",
    "ParameterDensity - ParameterRichness = 0"
  )
))
#contrast_par

Summary of results:

res %>%
  kable("html", digits = 3) %>%
  kable_styling("striped", position = "left") %>%
  scroll_box(width = "100%",
             height = "100%")

	name	effectname	beta	percentage_increase_or_decrease_on_Artificial	real.effect.value_exp_beta	pval	ci.lb	ci.ub	I2_total	I2_study	I2_Exp_ID	I2_Effect_ID	R2_marginal_fixed	R2_conditional_fixed_random	Moderator_significance_stat	Moderator_significance_pval	AIC
ParameterCover	models_par	ParameterCover	0.049	4.990	1.050	0.491	-0.090	0.187	98.731	14.556	0	84.175	4.377	18.475	10.76	0.013	1851.607
ParameterDensity	models_par	ParameterDensity	-0.223	-20.012	0.800	0.007	-0.387	-0.060	98.731	14.556	0	84.175	4.377	18.475	10.76	0.013	1851.607
ParameterRichness	models_par	ParameterRichness	-0.112	-10.631	0.894	0.232	-0.297	0.072	98.731	14.556	0	84.175	4.377	18.475	10.76	0.013	1851.607

7.9 Adding INTERACTION: Control:Treatment

Testing to see whether the interaction between control and treatment materials is a significant moderator.

Yes this is a significant moderator.

#make data list for models - including the reduced version for C_T, where 
# poorly represented interaction combinations are excluded. 
data_list_C_T <- mget(c("meta_All", "meta_CD_All", "meta_R_C_T")) #,"meta_All_Hab"))
# make associated vcv matrices
vcv_matrices_C_T<-vcv_matrices_interactions[names(data_list_C_T)]

models_C_T <- purrr::map2(
  data_list_C_T,
  vcv_matrices_C_T,
  ~ rma.mv(
    yi = yi,
    V = .y,
    data = .x,
    mods = ~ C_T - 1,
    random = list( ~ 1 | Study, ~ 1 | Exp_ID, ~ 1 | Effect_ID),
    method = "REML",
    control = list(optimizer = "optim")
  )
)

#Summary table
it <- seq_len(length(models_C_T))
regres_C_T <- lapply(
  it,
  FUN = function(x) {
    sum <- summary(models_C_T[[x]])
    sum_I2 <- i2_ml(models_C_T[[x]], method = "ns")
    sum_R2 <- r2_ml(models_C_T[[x]])
    res <- data.frame(
      name = names(models_C_T[x]),
      effectname = attr(sum$beta, "dimnames")[[1]],
      beta = as.numeric(sum$beta),
      percentage_increase_or_decrease_on_Artificial = (exp(sum$beta)-1)*100,
      real.effect.value_exp_beta = exp(sum$beta),
      pval = sum$pval,
      ci.lb = sum$ci.lb,
      ci.ub = sum$ci.ub,
      I2_total = sum_I2[[1]] * 100,
      I2_study = sum_I2[[2]] * 100,
      I2_Exp_ID = sum_I2[[3]] * 100,
      I2_Effect_ID = sum_I2[[4]] * 100,
      R2_marginal_fixed = sum_R2[[1]] * 100,
      R2_conditional_fixed_random = sum_R2[[2]] * 100,
      Moderator_significance_stat = sum$QM,
      Moderator_significance_pval = sum$QMp,
      AIC = models_C_T[[x]]$fit.stats$REML[3],
      row.names = NULL
    )
    return(res)

  }
)
regresdf_C_T <- bind_rows(regres_C_T)
write.csv(regresdf_C_T, file = "./outputs/natural/summ_C_T.csv")


########################################################################
#Contrasts
######################################################################
contrast_C_T_meta_CD <-
  summary(glht(
    models_C_T$meta_CD_All,
    linfct = c(
      #Biogenic
      "C_TBiogenic_Clay - C_TBiogenic_Concrete = 0",
      "C_TBiogenic_Clay - C_TBiogenic_Metal = 0",
      "C_TBiogenic_Clay - C_TBiogenic_Polymer = 0",
      "C_TBiogenic_Concrete - C_TBiogenic_Metal = 0",
      "C_TBiogenic_Concrete - C_TBiogenic_Polymer = 0",
      "C_TBiogenic_Metal - C_TBiogenic_Polymer = 0",
      #Rock
      "C_TRock_Clay - C_TRock_Concrete = 0",
      "C_TRock_Clay - C_TRock_Metal = 0",
      "C_TRock_Clay - C_TRock_Polymer = 0",
      "C_TRock_Concrete - C_TRock_Metal = 0",
      "C_TRock_Concrete - C_TRock_Polymer = 0",
      "C_TRock_Metal - C_TRock_Polymer = 0",
      #Wood
      "C_TWood_Clay - C_TWood_Concrete = 0",
      "C_TWood_Clay - C_TWood_Metal = 0",
      "C_TWood_Clay - C_TWood_Polymer = 0",
      "C_TWood_Concrete - C_TWood_Metal = 0",
      "C_TWood_Concrete - C_TWood_Polymer = 0",
      "C_TWood_Metal - C_TWood_Polymer = 0",
      #polymers
      "C_TBiogenic_Polymer - C_TRock_Polymer = 0",
      "C_TBiogenic_Polymer - C_TWood_Polymer = 0",
      "C_TRock_Polymer -  C_TWood_Polymer = 0",
      # metals
      "C_TBiogenic_Metal - C_TRock_Metal = 0",
      "C_TBiogenic_Metal - C_TWood_Metal = 0",
      "C_TRock_Metal -  C_TWood_Metal = 0",
      # Concrete
      "C_TBiogenic_Concrete - C_TRock_Concrete = 0",
      "C_TBiogenic_Concrete - C_TWood_Concrete = 0",
      "C_TRock_Concrete -  C_TWood_Concrete = 0",
      # Clay
      "C_TBiogenic_Clay - C_TRock_Clay = 0",
      "C_TBiogenic_Clay - C_TWood_Clay = 0",
      "C_TRock_Clay -  C_TWood_Clay = 0"
    )
  ))

contrast_C_T_meta_CD


########################################################################
#plot
#########################################################################
#orchard_plot(models_C_T, mod = C_T, xlab = "Ratio of means")
# too many levels

#C_T Plot
#plot
cd_C_T<- mod_results(models_C_T$meta_CD_All, mod="C_T")
cd_C_T_data <- cd_C_T$data
Cd_C_T_box<-cd_C_T$mod_table

r_C_T<- mod_results(models_C_T$meta_R_C_T, mod="C_T")
r_C_T_data <- r_C_T$data
r_C_T_box<-r_C_T$mod_table

plot_CD_C_T <- orchard_plot(models_C_T$meta_CD_All,
                            mod = "C_T",
                            xlab = "Ratio of means",
                            cb = F, #this allows more colours and therefore more sub levels to be in the plot
                            angle = 0) #

plot_R_C_T <- orchard_plot(models_C_T$meta_R_C_T,
                            mod = "C_T",
                            xlab = "Ratio of means",
                            cb = F, #this allows more colours and therefore more sub levels to be in the plot
                            angle = 0) #

# CD_ALL 

# 12 levels
g_col <- c("grey","grey","grey","grey","grey","grey","grey","grey","grey","grey","grey","grey")

plot_CD_C_T<-plot_CD_C_T +
  scale_fill_manual(values = g_col) +
  scale_colour_manual(values = g_col) #+


plot_CD_C_T <-
  plot_CD_C_T +
  theme(axis.text.y = element_text(hjust = 0.95)) +
  ggtitle("General Community") +
  theme(plot.title = element_text(size = 14, face = "bold"),
        text = element_text(size = 12),
        axis.text.y = element_text(size = 12))


ggsave(plot_CD_C_T, filename = "./outputs/natural/plot_CD_C_T_grey.jpg",
       dpi = 320, width = 10, height = 8)


 plot_CD_C_T

########
# R_C_T

# 8 levels
g_col <- c("grey","grey","grey","grey","grey","grey","grey","grey")

plot_R_C_T<-plot_R_C_T +
  scale_fill_manual(values = g_col) +
  scale_colour_manual(values = g_col) #+


plot_R_C_T

ggsave(plot_R_C_T,filename = "./outputs/natural/plot_R_C_T_grey.jpg",
       dpi = plot_dpi, width = 10)

Summary of results:

regresdf_C_T %>%
  kable("html", digits = 3) %>%
  kable_styling("striped", position = "left") %>%
  scroll_box(width = "100%",
             height = "500px")

name	effectname	beta	percentage_increase_or_decrease_on_Artificial	real.effect.value_exp_beta	pval	ci.lb	ci.ub	I2_total	I2_study	I2_Exp_ID	I2_Effect_ID	R2_marginal_fixed	R2_conditional_fixed_random	Moderator_significance_stat	Moderator_significance_pval	AIC
meta_All	C_TBiogenic_Clay	-0.071	-6.865	0.931	0.827	-0.711	0.569	98.707	18.310	0.000	80.397	16.875	32.295	54.019	0.000	1813.982
meta_All	C_TBiogenic_Concrete	0.052	5.384	1.054	0.766	-0.293	0.398	98.707	18.310	0.000	80.397	16.875	32.295	54.019	0.000	1813.982
meta_All	C_TBiogenic_Metal	-0.493	-38.910	0.611	0.035	-0.952	-0.034	98.707	18.310	0.000	80.397	16.875	32.295	54.019	0.000	1813.982
meta_All	C_TBiogenic_Polymer	-0.907	-59.631	0.404	0.000	-1.306	-0.508	98.707	18.310	0.000	80.397	16.875	32.295	54.019	0.000	1813.982
meta_All	C_TRock_Clay	-0.129	-12.104	0.879	0.296	-0.371	0.113	98.707	18.310	0.000	80.397	16.875	32.295	54.019	0.000	1813.982
meta_All	C_TRock_Concrete	0.106	11.207	1.112	0.211	-0.060	0.273	98.707	18.310	0.000	80.397	16.875	32.295	54.019	0.000	1813.982
meta_All	C_TRock_Metal	-0.273	-23.876	0.761	0.110	-0.607	0.061	98.707	18.310	0.000	80.397	16.875	32.295	54.019	0.000	1813.982
meta_All	C_TRock_Polymer	-0.080	-7.665	0.923	0.395	-0.264	0.104	98.707	18.310	0.000	80.397	16.875	32.295	54.019	0.000	1813.982
meta_All	C_TWood_Clay	-0.234	-20.868	0.791	0.135	-0.541	0.073	98.707	18.310	0.000	80.397	16.875	32.295	54.019	0.000	1813.982
meta_All	C_TWood_Concrete	0.251	28.573	1.286	0.022	0.036	0.467	98.707	18.310	0.000	80.397	16.875	32.295	54.019	0.000	1813.982
meta_All	C_TWood_Metal	-0.392	-32.399	0.676	0.006	-0.671	-0.112	98.707	18.310	0.000	80.397	16.875	32.295	54.019	0.000	1813.982
meta_All	C_TWood_Polymer	-0.250	-22.145	0.779	0.012	-0.445	-0.056	98.707	18.310	0.000	80.397	16.875	32.295	54.019	0.000	1813.982
meta_CD_All	C_TBiogenic_Clay	-0.075	-7.261	0.927	0.827	-0.750	0.599	98.962	16.453	0.000	82.509	17.902	31.551	51.022	0.000	1696.903
meta_CD_All	C_TBiogenic_Concrete	0.022	2.174	1.022	0.908	-0.345	0.388	98.962	16.453	0.000	82.509	17.902	31.551	51.022	0.000	1696.903
meta_CD_All	C_TBiogenic_Metal	-0.547	-42.157	0.578	0.027	-1.031	-0.064	98.962	16.453	0.000	82.509	17.902	31.551	51.022	0.000	1696.903
meta_CD_All	C_TBiogenic_Polymer	-1.005	-63.412	0.366	0.000	-1.441	-0.569	98.962	16.453	0.000	82.509	17.902	31.551	51.022	0.000	1696.903
meta_CD_All	C_TRock_Clay	-0.143	-13.294	0.867	0.299	-0.412	0.126	98.962	16.453	0.000	82.509	17.902	31.551	51.022	0.000	1696.903
meta_CD_All	C_TRock_Concrete	0.106	11.157	1.112	0.255	-0.076	0.288	98.962	16.453	0.000	82.509	17.902	31.551	51.022	0.000	1696.903
meta_CD_All	C_TRock_Metal	-0.340	-28.849	0.712	0.116	-0.765	0.084	98.962	16.453	0.000	82.509	17.902	31.551	51.022	0.000	1696.903
meta_CD_All	C_TRock_Polymer	-0.101	-9.629	0.904	0.345	-0.311	0.109	98.962	16.453	0.000	82.509	17.902	31.551	51.022	0.000	1696.903
meta_CD_All	C_TWood_Clay	-0.199	-18.060	0.819	0.260	-0.546	0.148	98.962	16.453	0.000	82.509	17.902	31.551	51.022	0.000	1696.903
meta_CD_All	C_TWood_Concrete	0.286	33.106	1.331	0.019	0.047	0.525	98.962	16.453	0.000	82.509	17.902	31.551	51.022	0.000	1696.903
meta_CD_All	C_TWood_Metal	-0.478	-37.979	0.620	0.009	-0.834	-0.121	98.962	16.453	0.000	82.509	17.902	31.551	51.022	0.000	1696.903
meta_CD_All	C_TWood_Polymer	-0.245	-21.747	0.783	0.028	-0.464	-0.027	98.962	16.453	0.000	82.509	17.902	31.551	51.022	0.000	1696.903
meta_R_C_T	C_TRock_Clay	0.007	0.716	1.007	0.964	-0.302	0.316	63.501	0.001	30.596	32.904	24.797	61.033	11.385	0.181	72.151
meta_R_C_T	C_TRock_Concrete	0.028	2.846	1.028	0.704	-0.117	0.173	63.501	0.001	30.596	32.904	24.797	61.033	11.385	0.181	72.151
meta_R_C_T	C_TRock_Metal	-0.075	-7.262	0.927	0.534	-0.313	0.162	63.501	0.001	30.596	32.904	24.797	61.033	11.385	0.181	72.151
meta_R_C_T	C_TRock_Polymer	0.045	4.553	1.046	0.573	-0.110	0.199	63.501	0.001	30.596	32.904	24.797	61.033	11.385	0.181	72.151
meta_R_C_T	C_TWood_Clay	-0.338	-28.686	0.713	0.139	-0.786	0.110	63.501	0.001	30.596	32.904	24.797	61.033	11.385	0.181	72.151
meta_R_C_T	C_TWood_Concrete	0.040	4.102	1.041	0.728	-0.187	0.267	63.501	0.001	30.596	32.904	24.797	61.033	11.385	0.181	72.151
meta_R_C_T	C_TWood_Metal	-0.226	-20.225	0.798	0.022	-0.419	-0.033	63.501	0.001	30.596	32.904	24.797	61.033	11.385	0.181	72.151
meta_R_C_T	C_TWood_Polymer	-0.124	-11.696	0.883	0.191	-0.311	0.062	63.501	0.001	30.596	32.904	24.797	61.033	11.385	0.181	72.151

Plot for CD_C_T

plot_CD_C_T 

  # theme(text = element_text(size = 15),
  #       axis.text.y = element_text(size = 15))

Plot for R_C_T

plot_R_C_T

7.10 Adding INTERACTION: Function:Treatment

Testing to see whether the interaction between functional group and treatment material is a significant moderator. We expect that there may be differences in how each functional group responds to the different treatments.

# Checking representation
#CD - Abundance
table(meta_CD_All$Function, meta_CD_All$Treatment)
#R - Richness only
table(meta_R_All$Function, meta_R_All$Treatment)
# dropped 8/ 20 =  40 %

# #make data list for models
# meta_CD_F_T_metal <- meta_CD_F_T
# #relevel factors so we can plot by metals
# levels(meta_CD_F_T_metal$F_T)

data_list_F_T <-
  mget(c(
    "meta_All",
    "meta_CD_All",
    "meta_CD_F_T",
    "meta_R_F_T",
    "meta_CD_F_T_metal"
  )) #,"meta_All_Hab", "meta_R_All", "meta_C_All", "meta_D_All"))

# make associated vcv matrices
vcv_matrices_F_T<-vcv_matrices_interactions[names(data_list_F_T)]


# names(data_list_F_T)
# names(vcv_matrices_F_T)


# models
models_F_T <- map2(
  data_list_F_T,
  vcv_matrices_F_T,
  ~ rma.mv(
    yi = yi,
    V = .y,
    data = .x,
    mods = ~ F_T - 1,
    random = list(~ 1 | Study, ~ 1 | Exp_ID, ~ 1 | Effect_ID),
    method = "REML",
    control=list(optimizer="optim")
  )
) 



#Summary table
it <- seq_len(length(models_F_T))
regres_F_T <- lapply(
  it,
  FUN = function(x) {
    sum <- summary(models_F_T[[x]])
    sum_I2 <- i2_ml(models_F_T[[x]], method = "ns")
    sum_R2 <- r2_ml(models_F_T[[x]])
    res <- data.frame(
      name = names(models_F_T[x]),
      effectname = attr(sum$beta, "dimnames")[[1]],
      beta = as.numeric(sum$beta),
      percentage_increase_or_decrease_on_Artificial = (exp(sum$beta)-1)*100,
      real.effect.value_exp_beta = exp(sum$beta),
      pval = sum$pval,
      ci.lb = sum$ci.lb,
      ci.ub = sum$ci.ub,
      I2_total = sum_I2[[1]] * 100,
      I2_study = sum_I2[[2]] * 100,
      I2_Exp_ID = sum_I2[[3]] * 100,
      I2_Effect_ID = sum_I2[[4]] * 100,
      R2_marginal_fixed = sum_R2[[1]] * 100,
      R2_conditional_fixed_random = sum_R2[[2]] * 100,
      Moderator_significance_stat = sum$QM,
      Moderator_significance_pval = sum$QMp,
      AIC = models_F_T[[x]]$fit.stats$REML[3],
      row.names=NULL
    ) 
    return(res)
    
  }
)
regresdf_F_T <- bind_rows(regres_F_T)
write.csv(regresdf_F_T, file = "./outputs/natural/summ_F_T.csv")


table(meta_CD_F_T$F_T)
contrast_F_T_meta_CD <-
  summary(glht(
    models_F_T$meta_CD_F_T,
    linfct = c(
      #Algae
      "F_TAlgae_Clay - F_TAlgae_Concrete = 0",
      "F_TAlgae_Clay - F_TAlgae_Metal = 0",
      "F_TAlgae_Clay - F_TAlgae_Polymer = 0",
      "F_TAlgae_Concrete - F_TAlgae_Metal = 0",
      "F_TAlgae_Concrete - F_TAlgae_Polymer = 0",
      "F_TAlgae_Metal -F_TAlgae_Polymer = 0",
      #Benthics
      "F_TBenthic_Clay - F_TBenthic_Polymer = 0",
      #Fish - only Fish concrete
      #inverts
      "F_TInvert_Clay - F_TInvert_Concrete = 0",
      "F_TInvert_Clay - F_TInvert_Metal = 0",
      "F_TInvert_Clay- F_TInvert_Polymer = 0",
      "F_TInvert_Concrete - F_TInvert_Metal = 0",
      "F_TInvert_Concrete - F_TInvert_Polymer = 0",
      "F_TInvert_Metal - F_TInvert_Polymer = 0",
      #Sessiles
      "F_TSessile_Clay - F_TSessile_Concrete = 0",
      "F_TSessile_Clay - F_TSessile_Polymer = 0",
      "F_TSessile_Concrete - F_TSessile_Polymer = 0",
      #polymers
      "F_TAlgae_Polymer - F_TBenthic_Polymer = 0",
      "F_TSessile_Polymer - F_TAlgae_Polymer = 0",
      "F_TSessile_Polymer - F_TBenthic_Polymer = 0",
      "F_TInvert_Polymer - F_TSessile_Polymer = 0",
      "F_TInvert_Polymer - F_TAlgae_Polymer = 0",
      "F_TInvert_Polymer - F_TBenthic_Polymer = 0",
      # metals
      "F_TAlgae_Metal - F_TInvert_Metal = 0",
      # Concrete
      "F_TFish_Concrete - F_TAlgae_Concrete = 0",
      "F_TFish_Concrete - F_TInvert_Concrete = 0",
      "F_TFish_Concrete- F_TSessile_Concrete = 0",
      "F_TInvert_Concrete - F_TAlgae_Concrete = 0",
      "F_TInvert_Concrete - F_TSessile_Concrete = 0",
      "F_TSessile_Concrete - F_TAlgae_Concrete = 0",
      # Clay
      "F_TAlgae_Clay - F_TBenthic_Clay = 0",
      "F_TBenthic_Clay - F_TInvert_Clay = 0",
      "F_TBenthic_Clay -  F_TSessile_Clay = 0",
      "F_TInvert_Clay - F_TAlgae_Clay = 0",
      "F_TInvert_Clay - F_TSessile_Clay = 0",
      "F_TSessile_Clay - F_TAlgae_Clay = 0"
    )
  ))

contrast_F_T_meta_CD



# meta_R_F_T 
table(meta_R_F_T$F_T)
contrast_F_T_meta_R_F_T <-
  summary(glht(
    models_F_T$meta_R_F_T,
    linfct = c(
      #Algae
      #inverts
      #Sessiles
      "F_TSessile_Clay - F_TSessile_Concrete = 0",
      "F_TSessile_Clay - F_TSessile_Polymer = 0",
      #Benthics
      "F_TBenthic_Concrete - F_TBenthic_Polymer = 0",
      #Fish
      "F_TFish_Concrete - F_TFish_Metal = 0",
      "F_TFish_Concrete- F_TFish_Polymer = 0",
      "F_TFish_Metal - F_TFish_Polymer = 0",
      #inverts
      #Sessiles
      "F_TSessile_Clay - F_TSessile_Concrete = 0",
      "F_TSessile_Clay - F_TSessile_Metal = 0",
      "F_TSessile_Clay - F_TSessile_Polymer = 0",
      "F_TSessile_Concrete - F_TSessile_Metal = 0",
      "F_TSessile_Concrete - F_TSessile_Polymer = 0"
    )
  ))
contrast_F_T_meta_R_F_T



#plot
cd_F_T<- mod_results(models_F_T$meta_CD_F_T, mod="F_T")
cd_F_T_data <- cd_F_T$data
Cd_F_T_box<-cd_F_T$mod_table

cd<- mod_results(models_F_T$meta_CD_All, mod="F_T")
cd_data <- cd$data
cd_box<-cd$mod_table

plot_F_T_CD_all <- orchard_plot(models_F_T$meta_CD_All,
                            mod = "F_T",
                            xlab = "Ratio of means",
                            cb = F, #this allows more colours and therefore more sub levels to be in the plot
                            angle = 0) #

plot_F_T_CD_reduced <- orchard_plot(models_F_T$meta_CD_F_T,
                            mod = "F_T",
                            xlab = "Ratio of means",
                            cb = F, #this allows more colours and therefore more sub levels to be in the plot
                            angle = 0) #
g_col <- c("grey","grey","grey","grey","grey","grey","grey","grey","grey","grey","grey","grey","grey","grey")
plot_F_T_CD_reduced<-plot_F_T_CD_reduced +
  scale_fill_manual(values = g_col) +
  scale_colour_manual(values = g_col) #+


plot_F_T_CD_reduced <-
  plot_F_T_CD_reduced +
  ggtitle("General Community") +
  theme(
    axis.text.y = element_text(hjust = 0.95, size = 12),
    plot.title = element_text(size = 14, face = "bold"),
    text = element_text(size = 12)
  )


ggsave(plot_F_T_CD_reduced, filename = "./outputs/natural/plot_F_T_CD_reduced_grey.jpg",
       dpi = 320, width = 10, height = 8.5)

###############################################################################
#plot Metals then functional groups (ie switch order of factors)

#switch order of factors first: 
cd_F_T_metals<- mod_results(models_F_T$meta_CD_F_T_metal, mod="F_T")

#plot
cd_F_T_data_metals <- cd_F_T_metals$data
cd_F_T_box_metals<-cd_F_T_metals$mod_table

plot_F_T_CD_reduced_metal <- orchard_plot(models_F_T$meta_CD_F_T_metal,
                            mod = "F_T",
                            xlab = "Ratio of means",
                            cb = F, #this allows more colours and therefore more sub levels to be in the plot
                            angle = 0) #
g_col <- c("grey","grey","grey","grey","grey","grey","grey","grey","grey","grey","grey","grey","grey","grey")
plot_F_T_CD_reduced_metal <- plot_F_T_CD_reduced_metal +
  scale_fill_manual(values = g_col) +
  scale_colour_manual(values = g_col) +
  ggtitle("General Community") +
  theme(
    axis.text.y = element_text(hjust = 0.95, size = 12),
    plot.title = element_text(size = 14, face = "bold"),
    text = element_text(size = 12)
  )

plot_F_T_CD_reduced_metal

ggsave(plot_F_T_CD_reduced_metal, filename = "./outputs/natural/plot_F_T_CD_reduced_metal_grey.jpg",
       dpi = 320, width = 10, height = 8.5)



################################################################################
# Plot R - F_T

#plot
R_F_T<- mod_results(models_F_T$meta_R_F_T, mod="F_T")
R_F_T_data <- R_F_T$data
R_F_T_box<-R_F_T$mod_table

plot_F_T_R_reduced <- orchard_plot(models_F_T$meta_R_F_T,
                            mod = "F_T",
                            xlab = "Ratio of means",
                            cb = F, #this allows more colours and therefore more sub levels to be in the plot
                            angle = 0) #
g_col <- c("grey","grey","grey","grey","grey","grey","grey","grey","grey","grey","grey","grey","grey","grey")
plot_F_T_R_reduced<-plot_F_T_R_reduced +
  scale_fill_manual(values = g_col) +
  scale_colour_manual(values = g_col) #+


plot_F_T_R_reduced

ggsave(plot_F_T_R_reduced, filename = "./outputs/natural/plot_F_T_R_reduced_grey.jpg",
       dpi = plot_dpi, width = 10)

Summary of results:

regresdf_F_T %>%
  kable("html", digits = 3) %>%
  kable_styling("striped", position = "left") %>%
  scroll_box(width = "100%",
             height = "500px")

name	effectname	beta	percentage_increase_or_decrease_on_Artificial	real.effect.value_exp_beta	pval	ci.lb	ci.ub	I2_total	I2_study	I2_Exp_ID	I2_Effect_ID	R2_marginal_fixed	R2_conditional_fixed_random	Moderator_significance_stat	Moderator_significance_pval	AIC
meta_All	F_TAlgae_Clay	-0.014	-1.418	0.986	0.931	-0.339	0.311	98.668	14.740	2.419	81.509	15.177	29.928	56.428	0.000	1817.523
meta_All	F_TAlgae_Concrete	0.112	11.847	1.118	0.328	-0.113	0.337	98.668	14.740	2.419	81.509	15.177	29.928	56.428	0.000	1817.523
meta_All	F_TAlgae_Metal	0.042	4.268	1.043	0.829	-0.337	0.421	98.668	14.740	2.419	81.509	15.177	29.928	56.428	0.000	1817.523
meta_All	F_TAlgae_Polymer	0.173	18.936	1.189	0.173	-0.076	0.423	98.668	14.740	2.419	81.509	15.177	29.928	56.428	0.000	1817.523
meta_All	F_TBenthic_Clay	-0.412	-33.756	0.662	0.293	-1.180	0.356	98.668	14.740	2.419	81.509	15.177	29.928	56.428	0.000	1817.523
meta_All	F_TBenthic_Concrete	-0.168	-15.459	0.845	0.557	-0.729	0.393	98.668	14.740	2.419	81.509	15.177	29.928	56.428	0.000	1817.523
meta_All	F_TBenthic_Polymer	-0.458	-36.717	0.633	0.014	-0.823	-0.093	98.668	14.740	2.419	81.509	15.177	29.928	56.428	0.000	1817.523
meta_All	F_TFish_Concrete	0.005	0.485	1.005	0.979	-0.349	0.359	98.668	14.740	2.419	81.509	15.177	29.928	56.428	0.000	1817.523
meta_All	F_TFish_Metal	0.085	8.877	1.089	0.850	-0.795	0.965	98.668	14.740	2.419	81.509	15.177	29.928	56.428	0.000	1817.523
meta_All	F_TFish_Polymer	-0.002	-0.158	0.998	0.996	-0.680	0.677	98.668	14.740	2.419	81.509	15.177	29.928	56.428	0.000	1817.523
meta_All	F_TInvert_Clay	-0.166	-15.309	0.847	0.214	-0.428	0.096	98.668	14.740	2.419	81.509	15.177	29.928	56.428	0.000	1817.523
meta_All	F_TInvert_Concrete	0.151	16.345	1.163	0.060	-0.007	0.309	98.668	14.740	2.419	81.509	15.177	29.928	56.428	0.000	1817.523
meta_All	F_TInvert_Metal	-0.457	-36.710	0.633	0.002	-0.742	-0.173	98.668	14.740	2.419	81.509	15.177	29.928	56.428	0.000	1817.523
meta_All	F_TInvert_Polymer	-0.377	-31.416	0.686	0.000	-0.559	-0.195	98.668	14.740	2.419	81.509	15.177	29.928	56.428	0.000	1817.523
meta_All	F_TSessile_Clay	-0.248	-21.975	0.780	0.213	-0.639	0.142	98.668	14.740	2.419	81.509	15.177	29.928	56.428	0.000	1817.523
meta_All	F_TSessile_Concrete	0.090	9.376	1.094	0.484	-0.161	0.340	98.668	14.740	2.419	81.509	15.177	29.928	56.428	0.000	1817.523
meta_All	F_TSessile_Metal	-0.394	-32.598	0.674	0.070	-0.821	0.032	98.668	14.740	2.419	81.509	15.177	29.928	56.428	0.000	1817.523
meta_All	F_TSessile_Polymer	-0.213	-19.210	0.808	0.115	-0.478	0.052	98.668	14.740	2.419	81.509	15.177	29.928	56.428	0.000	1817.523
meta_CD_All	F_TAlgae_Clay	0.012	1.198	1.012	0.950	-0.357	0.381	98.995	20.421	1.256	77.318	17.378	35.470	56.186	0.000	1697.216
meta_CD_All	F_TAlgae_Concrete	0.113	11.996	1.120	0.383	-0.141	0.368	98.995	20.421	1.256	77.318	17.378	35.470	56.186	0.000	1697.216
meta_CD_All	F_TAlgae_Metal	0.137	14.707	1.147	0.581	-0.350	0.625	98.995	20.421	1.256	77.318	17.378	35.470	56.186	0.000	1697.216
meta_CD_All	F_TAlgae_Polymer	0.265	30.306	1.303	0.090	-0.041	0.570	98.995	20.421	1.256	77.318	17.378	35.470	56.186	0.000	1697.216
meta_CD_All	F_TBenthic_Clay	-0.431	-35.022	0.650	0.313	-1.268	0.406	98.995	20.421	1.256	77.318	17.378	35.470	56.186	0.000	1697.216
meta_CD_All	F_TBenthic_Concrete	-1.024	-64.085	0.359	0.281	-2.887	0.839	98.995	20.421	1.256	77.318	17.378	35.470	56.186	0.000	1697.216
meta_CD_All	F_TBenthic_Polymer	-0.841	-56.892	0.431	0.001	-1.354	-0.329	98.995	20.421	1.256	77.318	17.378	35.470	56.186	0.000	1697.216
meta_CD_All	F_TFish_Concrete	-0.106	-10.044	0.900	0.654	-0.568	0.356	98.995	20.421	1.256	77.318	17.378	35.470	56.186	0.000	1697.216
meta_CD_All	F_TFish_Polymer	-0.141	-13.123	0.869	0.826	-1.397	1.115	98.995	20.421	1.256	77.318	17.378	35.470	56.186	0.000	1697.216
meta_CD_All	F_TInvert_Clay	-0.189	-17.192	0.828	0.198	-0.476	0.098	98.995	20.421	1.256	77.318	17.378	35.470	56.186	0.000	1697.216
meta_CD_All	F_TInvert_Concrete	0.127	13.500	1.135	0.175	-0.056	0.310	98.995	20.421	1.256	77.318	17.378	35.470	56.186	0.000	1697.216
meta_CD_All	F_TInvert_Metal	-0.527	-40.944	0.591	0.002	-0.857	-0.196	98.995	20.421	1.256	77.318	17.378	35.470	56.186	0.000	1697.216
meta_CD_All	F_TInvert_Polymer	-0.445	-35.897	0.641	0.000	-0.656	-0.233	98.995	20.421	1.256	77.318	17.378	35.470	56.186	0.000	1697.216
meta_CD_All	F_TSessile_Clay	0.014	1.366	1.014	0.972	-0.733	0.760	98.995	20.421	1.256	77.318	17.378	35.470	56.186	0.000	1697.216
meta_CD_All	F_TSessile_Concrete	0.136	14.600	1.146	0.421	-0.196	0.468	98.995	20.421	1.256	77.318	17.378	35.470	56.186	0.000	1697.216
meta_CD_All	F_TSessile_Metal	-0.534	-41.389	0.586	0.252	-1.448	0.379	98.995	20.421	1.256	77.318	17.378	35.470	56.186	0.000	1697.216
meta_CD_All	F_TSessile_Polymer	-0.261	-22.949	0.771	0.274	-0.728	0.206	98.995	20.421	1.256	77.318	17.378	35.470	56.186	0.000	1697.216
meta_CD_F_T	F_TAlgae_Clay	0.012	1.168	1.012	0.951	-0.357	0.381	99.002	20.306	1.213	77.483	17.108	35.125	53.797	0.000	1690.542
meta_CD_F_T	F_TAlgae_Concrete	0.113	11.951	1.120	0.385	-0.142	0.368	99.002	20.306	1.213	77.483	17.108	35.125	53.797	0.000	1690.542
meta_CD_F_T	F_TAlgae_Metal	0.137	14.647	1.146	0.583	-0.351	0.625	99.002	20.306	1.213	77.483	17.108	35.125	53.797	0.000	1690.542
meta_CD_F_T	F_TAlgae_Polymer	0.265	30.280	1.303	0.090	-0.041	0.570	99.002	20.306	1.213	77.483	17.108	35.125	53.797	0.000	1690.542
meta_CD_F_T	F_TBenthic_Clay	-0.431	-35.024	0.650	0.313	-1.269	0.406	99.002	20.306	1.213	77.483	17.108	35.125	53.797	0.000	1690.542
meta_CD_F_T	F_TBenthic_Polymer	-0.841	-56.854	0.431	0.001	-1.354	-0.327	99.002	20.306	1.213	77.483	17.108	35.125	53.797	0.000	1690.542
meta_CD_F_T	F_TFish_Concrete	-0.106	-10.075	0.899	0.653	-0.569	0.357	99.002	20.306	1.213	77.483	17.108	35.125	53.797	0.000	1690.542
meta_CD_F_T	F_TInvert_Clay	-0.189	-17.245	0.828	0.196	-0.476	0.098	99.002	20.306	1.213	77.483	17.108	35.125	53.797	0.000	1690.542
meta_CD_F_T	F_TInvert_Concrete	0.126	13.468	1.135	0.176	-0.056	0.309	99.002	20.306	1.213	77.483	17.108	35.125	53.797	0.000	1690.542
meta_CD_F_T	F_TInvert_Metal	-0.527	-40.954	0.590	0.002	-0.858	-0.196	99.002	20.306	1.213	77.483	17.108	35.125	53.797	0.000	1690.542
meta_CD_F_T	F_TInvert_Polymer	-0.445	-35.905	0.641	0.000	-0.656	-0.233	99.002	20.306	1.213	77.483	17.108	35.125	53.797	0.000	1690.542
meta_CD_F_T	F_TSessile_Clay	0.013	1.333	1.013	0.972	-0.734	0.761	99.002	20.306	1.213	77.483	17.108	35.125	53.797	0.000	1690.542
meta_CD_F_T	F_TSessile_Concrete	0.136	14.596	1.146	0.422	-0.196	0.468	99.002	20.306	1.213	77.483	17.108	35.125	53.797	0.000	1690.542
meta_CD_F_T	F_TSessile_Polymer	-0.261	-22.976	0.770	0.274	-0.728	0.206	99.002	20.306	1.213	77.483	17.108	35.125	53.797	0.000	1690.542
meta_R_F_T	F_TAlgae_Concrete	-0.143	-13.321	0.867	0.658	-0.775	0.489	65.055	0.005	51.897	13.154	18.485	83.518	13.967	0.235	74.565
meta_R_F_T	F_TBenthic_Concrete	0.095	10.005	1.100	0.501	-0.182	0.373	65.055	0.005	51.897	13.154	18.485	83.518	13.967	0.235	74.565
meta_R_F_T	F_TBenthic_Polymer	0.097	10.212	1.102	0.459	-0.160	0.354	65.055	0.005	51.897	13.154	18.485	83.518	13.967	0.235	74.565
meta_R_F_T	F_TFish_Concrete	0.011	1.058	1.011	0.921	-0.198	0.219	65.055	0.005	51.897	13.154	18.485	83.518	13.967	0.235	74.565
meta_R_F_T	F_TFish_Metal	0.078	8.151	1.082	0.821	-0.602	0.758	65.055	0.005	51.897	13.154	18.485	83.518	13.967	0.235	74.565
meta_R_F_T	F_TFish_Polymer	0.014	1.409	1.014	0.932	-0.307	0.335	65.055	0.005	51.897	13.154	18.485	83.518	13.967	0.235	74.565
meta_R_F_T	F_TInvert_Concrete	0.077	8.002	1.080	0.528	-0.162	0.316	65.055	0.005	51.897	13.154	18.485	83.518	13.967	0.235	74.565
meta_R_F_T	F_TSessile_Clay	-0.112	-10.588	0.894	0.444	-0.399	0.175	65.055	0.005	51.897	13.154	18.485	83.518	13.967	0.235	74.565
meta_R_F_T	F_TSessile_Concrete	0.000	0.017	1.000	0.999	-0.226	0.227	65.055	0.005	51.897	13.154	18.485	83.518	13.967	0.235	74.565
meta_R_F_T	F_TSessile_Metal	-0.267	-23.434	0.766	0.016	-0.485	-0.049	65.055	0.005	51.897	13.154	18.485	83.518	13.967	0.235	74.565
meta_R_F_T	F_TSessile_Polymer	-0.017	-1.649	0.984	0.868	-0.213	0.180	65.055	0.005	51.897	13.154	18.485	83.518	13.967	0.235	74.565
meta_CD_F_T_metal	F_TAlgae_Clay	0.012	1.168	1.012	0.951	-0.357	0.381	99.002	20.306	1.213	77.483	17.108	35.125	53.797	0.000	1690.542
meta_CD_F_T_metal	F_TBenthic_Clay	-0.431	-35.024	0.650	0.313	-1.269	0.406	99.002	20.306	1.213	77.483	17.108	35.125	53.797	0.000	1690.542
meta_CD_F_T_metal	F_TInvert_Clay	-0.189	-17.245	0.828	0.196	-0.476	0.098	99.002	20.306	1.213	77.483	17.108	35.125	53.797	0.000	1690.542
meta_CD_F_T_metal	F_TSessile_Clay	0.013	1.333	1.013	0.972	-0.734	0.761	99.002	20.306	1.213	77.483	17.108	35.125	53.797	0.000	1690.542
meta_CD_F_T_metal	F_TAlgae_Concrete	0.113	11.951	1.120	0.385	-0.142	0.368	99.002	20.306	1.213	77.483	17.108	35.125	53.797	0.000	1690.542
meta_CD_F_T_metal	F_TFish_Concrete	-0.106	-10.075	0.899	0.653	-0.569	0.357	99.002	20.306	1.213	77.483	17.108	35.125	53.797	0.000	1690.542
meta_CD_F_T_metal	F_TInvert_Concrete	0.126	13.468	1.135	0.176	-0.056	0.309	99.002	20.306	1.213	77.483	17.108	35.125	53.797	0.000	1690.542
meta_CD_F_T_metal	F_TSessile_Concrete	0.136	14.596	1.146	0.422	-0.196	0.468	99.002	20.306	1.213	77.483	17.108	35.125	53.797	0.000	1690.542
meta_CD_F_T_metal	F_TAlgae_Metal	0.137	14.647	1.146	0.583	-0.351	0.625	99.002	20.306	1.213	77.483	17.108	35.125	53.797	0.000	1690.542
meta_CD_F_T_metal	F_TInvert_Metal	-0.527	-40.954	0.590	0.002	-0.858	-0.196	99.002	20.306	1.213	77.483	17.108	35.125	53.797	0.000	1690.542
meta_CD_F_T_metal	F_TAlgae_Polymer	0.265	30.280	1.303	0.090	-0.041	0.570	99.002	20.306	1.213	77.483	17.108	35.125	53.797	0.000	1690.542
meta_CD_F_T_metal	F_TBenthic_Polymer	-0.841	-56.854	0.431	0.001	-1.354	-0.327	99.002	20.306	1.213	77.483	17.108	35.125	53.797	0.000	1690.542
meta_CD_F_T_metal	F_TInvert_Polymer	-0.445	-35.905	0.641	0.000	-0.656	-0.233	99.002	20.306	1.213	77.483	17.108	35.125	53.797	0.000	1690.542
meta_CD_F_T_metal	F_TSessile_Polymer	-0.261	-22.976	0.770	0.274	-0.728	0.206	99.002	20.306	1.213	77.483	17.108	35.125	53.797	0.000	1690.542

Plot for CD_F_T

plot_F_T_CD_reduced_metal

Plot for R_F_T

plot_F_T_R_reduced

7.11 Adding INTERACTION: Function:Control

#make data list for models
data_list_F_C <- mget(c("meta_All", "meta_R_All", "meta_CD_F_C", "meta_CD_F_C_metal")) #,"meta_All_Hab", "meta_CD_All",))
# make associated vcv matrices
vcv_matrices_F_C<-vcv_matrices_interactions[names(data_list_F_C)]

models_F_C <- map2(
  data_list_F_C,
  vcv_matrices_F_C,
  ~ rma.mv(
    yi = yi,
    V = .y,
    data = .x,
    mods = ~ F_C - 1,
    random = list( ~ 1 | Study, ~ 1 | Exp_ID, ~ 1 | Effect_ID),
    method = "REML",
    control = list(optimizer = "optim")
  )
)


#Summary table
it <- seq_len(length(models_F_C))
regres_F_C <- lapply(
  it,
  FUN = function(x) {
    sum <- summary(models_F_C[[x]])
    sum_I2 <- i2_ml(models_F_C[[x]], method = "ns")
    sum_R2 <- r2_ml(models_F_C[[x]])
    res <- data.frame(
      name = names(models_F_C[x]),
      effectname = attr(sum$beta, "dimnames")[[1]],
      beta = as.numeric(sum$beta),
      percentage_increase_or_decrease_on_Artificial = (exp(sum$beta)-1)*100,
      real.effect.value_exp_beta = exp(sum$beta),
      pval = sum$pval,
      ci.lb = sum$ci.lb,
      ci.ub = sum$ci.ub,
      I2_total = sum_I2[[1]] * 100,
      I2_study = sum_I2[[2]] * 100,
      I2_Exp_ID = sum_I2[[3]] * 100,
      I2_Effect_ID = sum_I2[[4]] * 100,
      R2_marginal_fixed = sum_R2[[1]] * 100,
      R2_conditional_fixed_random = sum_R2[[2]] * 100,
      Moderator_significance_stat = sum$QM,
      Moderator_significance_pval = sum$QMp,
      AIC = models_F_C[[x]]$fit.stats$REML[3],
      row.names=NULL
    )
    return(res)

  }
)
regresdf_F_C <- bind_rows(regres_F_C)
write.csv(regresdf_F_C, file = "./outputs/natural/summ_F_C.csv")


#####################################################
# Checking contrasts for the CD model
contrast_F_C_meta_CD <-
  summary(glht(
    models_F_C$meta_CD_F_C,
    linfct = c(
      #Algae
      "F_CAlgae_Rock - F_CAlgae_Wood = 0",
      #Benthics - only one so leave out
      #Fish - only one so leave out
      #inverts
      "F_CInvert_Rock - F_CInvert_Wood = 0",
      "F_CInvert_Rock - F_CInvert_Biogenic = 0",
      "F_CInvert_Wood- F_CInvert_Biogenic = 0",
      #Sessiles
      "F_CSessile_Rock - F_CSessile_Wood = 0",
      #Rock
      "F_CAlgae_Rock - F_CFish_Rock = 0",
      "F_CAlgae_Rock - F_CInvert_Rock = 0",
      "F_CFish_Rock -  F_CInvert_Rock = 0",
      "F_CSessile_Rock - F_CAlgae_Rock = 0",
      "F_CSessile_Rock  - F_CFish_Rock = 0",
      "F_CSessile_Rock  - F_CInvert_Rock = 0",
      # Wood
      "F_CAlgae_Wood - F_CBenthic_Wood = 0",
      "F_CAlgae_Wood - F_CInvert_Wood = 0",
      "F_CBenthic_Wood -  F_CInvert_Wood = 0",
      "F_CSessile_Wood - F_CAlgae_Wood = 0",
      "F_CSessile_Wood  - F_CBenthic_Wood = 0",
      "F_CSessile_Wood  - F_CInvert_Wood = 0"
      # Biogenic - on its own so no contrast
    )
  ))

contrast_F_C_meta_CD


############################################################
#plot
###########################################################
#orchard_plot(models_F_C, mod = F_C, xlab = "Ratio of means")
# too many levels

#F_C Plot
#plot
cd_F_C<- mod_results(models_F_C$meta_CD_F_C, mod="F_C")
cd_F_C_data <- cd_F_C$data
Cd_F_C_box<-cd_F_C$mod_table

r_F_C<- mod_results(models_F_C$meta_R_All, mod="F_C")
r_F_C_data <- r_F_C$data
r_F_C_box<-r_F_C$mod_table

plot_CD_F_C <- orchard_plot(models_F_C$meta_CD_F_C,
                            mod = "F_C",
                            xlab = "Ratio of means",
                            cb = F, #this allows more colours and therefore more sub levels to be in the plot
                            angle = 0) #

plot_R_F_C <- orchard_plot(models_F_C$meta_R_All,
                            mod = "F_C",
                            xlab = "Ratio of means",
                            cb = F, #this allows more colours and therefore more sub levels to be in the plot
                            angle = 0) #


# CD_ALL 

# 12 levels
g_col <- c("grey","grey","grey","grey","grey","grey","grey","grey","grey")

plot_CD_F_C<-plot_CD_F_C +
  scale_fill_manual(values = g_col) +
  scale_colour_manual(values = g_col) #+


plot_CD_F_C

ggsave(plot_CD_F_C,filename = "./outputs/natural/plot_CD_F_C_grey.jpg",
       dpi = plot_dpi, width = 10)

################################################
# PLot Natural materials in a group 

#switch order of factors first: 
cd_F_C_metals<- mod_results(models_F_C$meta_CD_F_C_metal, mod="F_C")

#plot
cd_F_C_data_metals <- cd_F_C_metals$data
cd_F_C_box_metals<-cd_F_C_metals$mod_table

plot_F_C_CD_reduced_metal <- orchard_plot(models_F_C$meta_CD_F_C_metal,
                            mod = "F_C",
                            xlab = "Ratio of means",
                            cb = F, #this allows more colours and therefore more sub levels to be in the plot
                            angle = 0) #
g_col <- c("grey","grey","grey","grey","grey","grey","grey","grey","grey")
plot_F_C_CD_reduced_metal<-plot_F_C_CD_reduced_metal +
  scale_fill_manual(values = g_col) +
  scale_colour_manual(values = g_col) #+


plot_F_C_CD_reduced_metal

ggsave(plot_F_C_CD_reduced_metal, filename = "./outputs/natural/plot_F_C_CD_reduced_metal_grey.jpg",
       dpi = plot_dpi, width = 10)



#################################################
# R_F_C

# 14 levels - 
g_col <- c("grey","grey","grey","grey","grey","grey","grey","grey","grey","grey","grey","grey","grey","grey")

plot_R_F_C<-plot_R_F_C +
  scale_fill_manual(values = g_col) +
  scale_colour_manual(values = g_col) #+


plot_R_F_C

ggsave(plot_R_F_C,filename = "./outputs/natural/plot_R_F_C_grey.jpg",
       dpi = plot_dpi, width = 10)

Summary of results:

regresdf_F_C %>%
  kable("html", digits = 3) %>%
  kable_styling("striped", position = "left") %>%
  scroll_box(width = "100%",
             height = "500px")

name	effectname	beta	percentage_increase_or_decrease_on_Artificial	real.effect.value_exp_beta	pval	ci.lb	ci.ub	I2_total	I2_study	I2_Exp_ID	I2_Effect_ID	R2_marginal_fixed	R2_conditional_fixed_random	Moderator_significance_stat	Moderator_significance_pval	AIC
meta_All	F_CAlgae_Biogenic	0.994	170.317	2.703	0.156	-0.380	2.369	98.742	14.661	0.000	84.082	6.428	20.321	20.380	0.119	1848.831
meta_All	F_CAlgae_Rock	0.072	7.454	1.075	0.436	-0.109	0.253	98.742	14.661	0.000	84.082	6.428	20.321	20.380	0.119	1848.831
meta_All	F_CAlgae_Wood	0.217	24.190	1.242	0.171	-0.093	0.527	98.742	14.661	0.000	84.082	6.428	20.321	20.380	0.119	1848.831
meta_All	F_CBenthic_Biogenic	-0.244	-21.660	0.783	0.501	-0.955	0.467	98.742	14.661	0.000	84.082	6.428	20.321	20.380	0.119	1848.831
meta_All	F_CBenthic_Rock	-0.104	-9.844	0.902	0.655	-0.558	0.350	98.742	14.661	0.000	84.082	6.428	20.321	20.380	0.119	1848.831
meta_All	F_CBenthic_Wood	-0.618	-46.104	0.539	0.013	-1.106	-0.131	98.742	14.661	0.000	84.082	6.428	20.321	20.380	0.119	1848.831
meta_All	F_CFish_Biogenic	-0.805	-55.294	0.447	0.188	-2.004	0.394	98.742	14.661	0.000	84.082	6.428	20.321	20.380	0.119	1848.831
meta_All	F_CFish_Rock	-0.001	-0.100	0.999	0.995	-0.346	0.344	98.742	14.661	0.000	84.082	6.428	20.321	20.380	0.119	1848.831
meta_All	F_CFish_Wood	0.003	0.340	1.003	0.993	-0.757	0.764	98.742	14.661	0.000	84.082	6.428	20.321	20.380	0.119	1848.831
meta_All	F_CInvert_Biogenic	-0.318	-27.224	0.728	0.039	-0.619	-0.016	98.742	14.661	0.000	84.082	6.428	20.321	20.380	0.119	1848.831
meta_All	F_CInvert_Rock	0.018	1.851	1.019	0.828	-0.147	0.184	98.742	14.661	0.000	84.082	6.428	20.321	20.380	0.119	1848.831
meta_All	F_CInvert_Wood	-0.180	-16.444	0.836	0.090	-0.387	0.028	98.742	14.661	0.000	84.082	6.428	20.321	20.380	0.119	1848.831
meta_All	F_CSessile_Rock	-0.097	-9.229	0.908	0.421	-0.333	0.139	98.742	14.661	0.000	84.082	6.428	20.321	20.380	0.119	1848.831
meta_All	F_CSessile_Wood	-0.138	-12.922	0.871	0.247	-0.373	0.096	98.742	14.661	0.000	84.082	6.428	20.321	20.380	0.119	1848.831
meta_R_All	F_CAlgae_Rock	0.083	8.650	1.086	0.593	-0.222	0.388	67.527	0.008	42.555	24.964	13.584	68.052	13.684	0.188	73.801
meta_R_All	F_CAlgae_Wood	-0.012	-1.175	0.988	0.942	-0.332	0.308	67.527	0.008	42.555	24.964	13.584	68.052	13.684	0.188	73.801
meta_R_All	F_CBenthic_Biogenic	0.000	0.000	1.000	1.000	-0.447	0.447	67.527	0.008	42.555	24.964	13.584	68.052	13.684	0.188	73.801
meta_R_All	F_CBenthic_Rock	0.107	11.291	1.113	0.476	-0.187	0.401	67.527	0.008	42.555	24.964	13.584	68.052	13.684	0.188	73.801
meta_R_All	F_CFish_Rock	0.014	1.418	1.014	0.896	-0.197	0.225	67.527	0.008	42.555	24.964	13.584	68.052	13.684	0.188	73.801
meta_R_All	F_CFish_Wood	-0.027	-2.628	0.974	0.936	-0.674	0.620	67.527	0.008	42.555	24.964	13.584	68.052	13.684	0.188	73.801
meta_R_All	F_CInvert_Rock	0.054	5.591	1.056	0.613	-0.156	0.265	67.527	0.008	42.555	24.964	13.584	68.052	13.684	0.188	73.801
meta_R_All	F_CInvert_Wood	-0.408	-33.520	0.665	0.012	-0.728	-0.089	67.527	0.008	42.555	24.964	13.584	68.052	13.684	0.188	73.801
meta_R_All	F_CSessile_Rock	-0.044	-4.342	0.957	0.667	-0.247	0.158	67.527	0.008	42.555	24.964	13.584	68.052	13.684	0.188	73.801
meta_R_All	F_CSessile_Wood	-0.089	-8.530	0.915	0.376	-0.286	0.108	67.527	0.008	42.555	24.964	13.584	68.052	13.684	0.188	73.801
meta_CD_F_C	F_CAlgae_Rock	0.056	5.772	1.058	0.581	-0.143	0.255	99.014	13.709	0.000	85.305	5.685	18.744	13.934	0.125	1719.147
meta_CD_F_C	F_CAlgae_Wood	0.228	25.646	1.256	0.217	-0.134	0.591	99.014	13.709	0.000	85.305	5.685	18.744	13.934	0.125	1719.147
meta_CD_F_C	F_CBenthic_Wood	-0.615	-45.940	0.541	0.021	-1.136	-0.094	99.014	13.709	0.000	85.305	5.685	18.744	13.934	0.125	1719.147
meta_CD_F_C	F_CFish_Rock	-0.137	-12.788	0.872	0.570	-0.608	0.335	99.014	13.709	0.000	85.305	5.685	18.744	13.934	0.125	1719.147
meta_CD_F_C	F_CInvert_Biogenic	-0.358	-30.116	0.699	0.027	-0.676	-0.040	99.014	13.709	0.000	85.305	5.685	18.744	13.934	0.125	1719.147
meta_CD_F_C	F_CInvert_Rock	-0.004	-0.367	0.996	0.968	-0.183	0.176	99.014	13.709	0.000	85.305	5.685	18.744	13.934	0.125	1719.147
meta_CD_F_C	F_CInvert_Wood	-0.188	-17.176	0.828	0.109	-0.419	0.042	99.014	13.709	0.000	85.305	5.685	18.744	13.934	0.125	1719.147
meta_CD_F_C	F_CSessile_Rock	-0.087	-8.336	0.917	0.595	-0.408	0.233	99.014	13.709	0.000	85.305	5.685	18.744	13.934	0.125	1719.147
meta_CD_F_C	F_CSessile_Wood	-0.004	-0.408	0.996	0.983	-0.370	0.361	99.014	13.709	0.000	85.305	5.685	18.744	13.934	0.125	1719.147
meta_CD_F_C_metal	F_CAlgae_Rock	0.056	5.772	1.058	0.581	-0.143	0.255	99.014	13.709	0.000	85.305	5.685	18.744	13.934	0.125	1719.147
meta_CD_F_C_metal	F_CFish_Rock	-0.137	-12.788	0.872	0.570	-0.608	0.335	99.014	13.709	0.000	85.305	5.685	18.744	13.934	0.125	1719.147
meta_CD_F_C_metal	F_CInvert_Rock	-0.004	-0.367	0.996	0.968	-0.183	0.176	99.014	13.709	0.000	85.305	5.685	18.744	13.934	0.125	1719.147
meta_CD_F_C_metal	F_CSessile_Rock	-0.087	-8.336	0.917	0.595	-0.408	0.233	99.014	13.709	0.000	85.305	5.685	18.744	13.934	0.125	1719.147
meta_CD_F_C_metal	F_CAlgae_Wood	0.228	25.646	1.256	0.217	-0.134	0.591	99.014	13.709	0.000	85.305	5.685	18.744	13.934	0.125	1719.147
meta_CD_F_C_metal	F_CBenthic_Wood	-0.615	-45.940	0.541	0.021	-1.136	-0.094	99.014	13.709	0.000	85.305	5.685	18.744	13.934	0.125	1719.147
meta_CD_F_C_metal	F_CInvert_Wood	-0.188	-17.176	0.828	0.109	-0.419	0.042	99.014	13.709	0.000	85.305	5.685	18.744	13.934	0.125	1719.147
meta_CD_F_C_metal	F_CSessile_Wood	-0.004	-0.408	0.996	0.983	-0.370	0.361	99.014	13.709	0.000	85.305	5.685	18.744	13.934	0.125	1719.147
meta_CD_F_C_metal	F_CInvert_Biogenic	-0.358	-30.116	0.699	0.027	-0.676	-0.040	99.014	13.709	0.000	85.305	5.685	18.744	13.934	0.125	1719.147

Plot for CD_F_C

plot_F_C_CD_reduced_metal

Plot for R_F_C

plot_R_F_C

7.12 Check Interaction: C:T:Func

Evidence that there is not enough data to do the three way interaction.

Abundance (CD)

# check a table of all three factors:
#CD - Abundance
table(meta_CD_All$Function, meta_CD_All$Control, meta_CD_All$Treatment)

## , ,  = Clay
## 
##          
##           Biogenic Rock Wood
##   Algae          0   18    4
##   Benthic        2    1    0
##   Fish           0    0    0
##   Invert         4   22   24
##   Sessile        0    3    0
## 
## , ,  = Concrete
## 
##          
##           Biogenic Rock Wood
##   Algae          0  123    0
##   Benthic        0    1    0
##   Fish           1    7    0
##   Invert        21  105   65
##   Sessile        0   17   14
## 
## , ,  = Metal
## 
##          
##           Biogenic Rock Wood
##   Algae          0    6    6
##   Benthic        0    0    0
##   Fish           0    0    0
##   Invert        19    6   17
##   Sessile        0    1    1
## 
## , ,  = Polymer
## 
##          
##           Biogenic Rock Wood
##   Algae          1   26   10
##   Benthic        0    0    8
##   Fish           0    1    0
##   Invert        29   39  105
##   Sessile        0    9    9

Richness (R)

#R - Richness only
table(meta_R_All$Function, meta_R_All$Control, meta_R_All$Treatment)

## , ,  = Clay
## 
##          
##           Biogenic Rock Wood
##   Algae          0    0    0
##   Benthic        0    0    0
##   Fish           0    0    0
##   Invert         0    0    0
##   Sessile        0    5    4
## 
## , ,  = Concrete
## 
##          
##           Biogenic Rock Wood
##   Algae          0    3    0
##   Benthic        0    4    0
##   Fish           0    4    0
##   Invert         0    3    0
##   Sessile        0    1    5
## 
## , ,  = Metal
## 
##          
##           Biogenic Rock Wood
##   Algae          0    1    1
##   Benthic        0    0    0
##   Fish           0    6    6
##   Invert         0    1    1
##   Sessile        0    1    5
## 
## , ,  = Polymer
## 
##          
##           Biogenic Rock Wood
##   Algae          0    1    1
##   Benthic        1    3    0
##   Fish           0    7    6
##   Invert         0    1    1
##   Sessile        0    7    9

7.13 Adding Publication Year

Including a check for time lag bias in all published works. Using the publication year to do this.

Not significant = no time lag bias.

#Check if year needs a transform:
qqnorm(meta$Year)
qqline(meta$Year)

qqnorm(sqrt(meta$Year))
qqline(sqrt(meta$Year))

qqnorm(log10(meta$Year))
qqline(log10(meta$Year))

#t he transforms don't change the data much, so leaving as is. ie- no transform


#continuous - YEAR 
#Continuous moderator can't have -1 - as we don't want to remove the intercept for a slope. 
#Therefore leave intercept in for this set of models.  


models_year <- map2(
  data_list,
  vcv_matrices,
  ~ rma.mv(
    yi = yi,
    V = .y,
    data = .x,
    mods = ~ scale(Year),     # we scale year to centre it, otherwise the intercept tries to represent year 0 which doesn't make much sense here. 
    random = list(~ 1 | Study, ~ 1 | Exp_ID, ~ 1 | Effect_ID),
    method = "REML",
    control=list(optimizer="optim")
  )
) 

#Summary table
it <- seq_len(length(models_year))
regres_year <- lapply(
  it,
  FUN = function(x) {
    sum <- summary(models_year[[x]])
    sum_I2 <- i2_ml(models_year[[x]], method = "ns")
    sum_R2 <- r2_ml(models_year[[x]])
    res <- data.frame(
      name = names(models_year[x]),
      effectname = attr(sum$beta, "dimnames")[[1]],
      beta = as.numeric(sum$beta),
      percentage_increase_or_decrease_on_Artificial = (exp(sum$beta)-1)*100,
      real.effect.value_exp_beta = exp(sum$beta), 
      pval = sum$pval,
      ci.lb = sum$ci.lb,
      ci.ub = sum$ci.ub,
      I2_total = sum_I2[[1]] * 100,
      I2_study = sum_I2[[2]] * 100,
      I2_Exp_ID = sum_I2[[3]] * 100,
      I2_Effect_ID = sum_I2[[4]] * 100,
      R2_marginal_fixed = sum_R2[[1]] * 100,
      R2_conditional_fixed_random = sum_R2[[2]] * 100,
      Moderator_significance_stat = sum$QM,
      Moderator_significance_pval = sum$QMp,
      AIC = models_year[[x]]$fit.stats$REML[3],
      row.names=NULL
    ) 
    return(res)
    
  }
)
regresdf_year <- bind_rows(regres_year)
write.csv(regresdf_year, file = "./outputs/natural/summ_year.csv")

#not significant for meta_all. 


##### 
## PLot of Year - Bubble plot
#####

#A scatter plot of log duration and effect size. 
#Using the predict.rma function, which requires a model (rma.mv)
# Examples from file:///C:/Users/MQ45014051/OneDrive%20-%20Macquarie%20University/PhD/16_Meta_Analysis_Materials/Working/Analysis/Shinichi/electronic-supplementary-materials.html
# to get the precision on this plot, ie 1/SE.. we need SE.. and for SE we need N.
# SE is then sqrt(var/N)

#pred_host_range_link_ratio <-predict.rma(mr_host_range_link_ratio) rma.mv output

pred_year<- predict.rma(models_year$meta_All)
 
# plotting

fig_year <-  meta_All %>%
    data.frame(.,
    ymin = pred_year$ci.lb,
    ymax = pred_year$ci.ub,
    ymin2 = pred_year$cr.lb,
    ymax2 = pred_year$cr.ub,
    pred = pred_year$pred
  ) %>%
  ggplot(aes(
    x = Year,
    y = yi,                     #yi = effect size
    size = 1/sqrt(vi/Replicates),        # precision: 1/SE /was (1 / yi) + 3 - which doesn;t make sense.
                                # we can use sample size N (ie number of replicates)
    
  )) +
  geom_point(shape = 21, fill = "grey90") +
  #geom_ribbon(aes(ymin = ymin, ymax = ymax), fill = "#0072B2")  + # not quite sure why this does not work
  geom_smooth(
    aes(y = ymin2),
    method =  "loess",
    se = FALSE,
    lty =  "dotted",
    lwd = 0.25,
    colour = "#0072B2"
  ) +
  geom_smooth(
    aes(y = ymax2),
    method =  "loess",
    se = FALSE,
    lty = "dotted",
    lwd = 0.25,
    colour = "#0072B2"
  ) +
  geom_smooth(
    aes(y = ymin),
    method =  "loess",
    se = FALSE,
    lty = "dotted",
    lwd = 0.25,
    colour = "#D55E00"
  ) +
  geom_smooth(
    aes(y = ymax),
    method =  "loess",
    se = FALSE,
    lty = "dotted",
    lwd = 0.25,
    colour = "#D55E00"
  ) +
  geom_smooth(
    aes(y = pred),
    method =  "loess",
    se = FALSE,
    lty = "dashed",
    lwd = 0.5,
    colour = "black"
  ) +
  #ylim(-1, 2) + xlim(-0.05, 2) +
  #geom_abline(intercept = mr_Duration..months.$beta[[1]], slope = mr_Duration..months.$beta[[2]], alpha = 0.7, linetype = "dashed", size = 0.5) +
  labs(x = "Publication Year",
       y = expression(paste(italic(yi), " (effect size)")),
       size = expression(paste(italic(1/se), " (precision)"))) +
  guides(fill = "none", colour = "none") +
  # themes
  theme_bw() +
  theme(legend.position = c(1, 1),
        legend.justification = c(1, 1)) +
  theme(legend.direction = "horizontal") +
  #theme(legend.background = element_rect(fill = "white", colour = "black")) +
  theme(legend.background = element_blank()) +
  theme(axis.text.y = element_text(
    size = 10,
    colour = "black",
    hjust = 0.5,
    angle = 90
  )) 

fig_year  # looks good - no obvious divergence

ggsave(fig_year, filename = "./outputs/natural/Bubble_year.jpg",
       dpi = plot_dpi, width = 10)

Summary of results:

regresdf_year %>%
  kable("html", digits = 3) %>%
  kable_styling("striped", position = "left") %>%
  scroll_box(width = "100%",
             height = "500px")

name	effectname	beta	percentage_increase_or_decrease_on_Artificial	real.effect.value_exp_beta	pval	ci.lb	ci.ub	I2_total	I2_study	I2_Exp_ID	I2_Effect_ID	R2_marginal_fixed	R2_conditional_fixed_random	Moderator_significance_stat	Moderator_significance_pval	AIC
meta_All	intrcpt	-0.064	-6.198	0.938	0.322	-0.191	0.063	98.792	18.058	0.000	80.734	0.002	18.280	0.002	0.964	1859.578
meta_All	scale(Year)	0.003	0.280	1.003	0.964	-0.118	0.124	98.792	18.058	0.000	80.734	0.002	18.280	0.002	0.964	1859.578
meta_All_Hab	intrcpt	-0.032	-3.142	0.969	0.827	-0.318	0.254	99.626	43.431	0.237	55.957	0.192	43.940	0.065	0.799	787.149
meta_All_Hab	scale(Year)	-0.034	-3.354	0.966	0.799	-0.297	0.229	99.626	43.431	0.237	55.957	0.192	43.940	0.065	0.799	787.149
meta_C_All	intrcpt	-0.001	-0.130	0.999	0.982	-0.111	0.109	92.378	3.669	1.559	87.149	0.000	5.660	0.000	0.996	1087.936
meta_C_All	scale(Year)	0.000	0.027	1.000	0.996	-0.104	0.105	92.378	3.669	1.559	87.149	0.000	5.660	0.000	0.996	1087.936
meta_CD_All	intrcpt	-0.071	-6.812	0.932	0.318	-0.209	0.068	99.040	17.048	0.000	81.992	0.015	17.226	0.012	0.911	1740.697
meta_CD_All	scale(Year)	0.008	0.771	1.008	0.911	-0.127	0.143	99.040	17.048	0.000	81.992	0.015	17.226	0.012	0.911	1740.697
meta_CD_Hab	intrcpt	-0.032	-3.142	0.969	0.827	-0.318	0.254	99.626	43.431	0.237	55.957	0.192	43.940	0.065	0.799	787.149
meta_CD_Hab	scale(Year)	-0.034	-3.354	0.966	0.799	-0.297	0.229	99.626	43.431	0.237	55.957	0.192	43.940	0.065	0.799	787.149
meta_D_All	intrcpt	-0.189	-17.213	0.828	0.205	-0.481	0.103	99.767	29.437	4.575	65.754	0.175	34.207	0.053	0.817	622.812
meta_D_All	scale(Year)	-0.034	-3.388	0.966	0.817	-0.327	0.258	99.767	29.437	4.575	65.754	0.175	34.207	0.053	0.817	622.812
meta_R_All	intrcpt	-0.016	-1.629	0.984	0.774	-0.128	0.096	67.614	0.003	33.882	33.729	0.064	50.147	0.013	0.910	65.927
meta_R_All	scale(Year)	0.005	0.546	1.005	0.910	-0.089	0.100	67.614	0.003	33.882	33.729	0.064	50.147	0.013	0.910	65.927

Plot

fig_year

7.14 Full model with Interactions

Testing the robustness of all moderators.

##### FUll model with interactions ######
#########################################

# full model and interactions: - UPDATED
model_full_interactions <- rma.mv(
  yi = yi,
  V = vcv_matrices$meta_All,
  data = meta_All,
  mods = ~ F_T + F_C + C_T + log10(Duration..months.+1) + Parameter + scale(Year), 
  random = list(~ 1 | Study, ~ 1 | Exp_ID, ~ 1 | Effect_ID),
  method = "REML",
  control=list(optimizer="optim")
)


# CD_All
model_full_interactions_CD_All <- rma.mv(
  yi = yi,
  V = vcv_matrices$meta_CD_All,
  data = meta_CD_All,
  mods = ~ F_T + F_C + C_T + log10(Duration..months.+1) + scale(Year), 
  random = list(~ 1 | Study, ~ 1 | Exp_ID, ~ 1 | Effect_ID),
  method = "REML",
  control=list(optimizer="optim")
)

# R_All
model_full_interactions_R_All <- rma.mv(
  yi = yi,
  V = vcv_matrices$meta_R_All,
  data = meta_R_All,
  mods = ~ F_T + F_C + C_T + log10(Duration..months.+1) + scale(Year), 
  random = list(~ 1 | Study, ~ 1 | Exp_ID, ~ 1 | Effect_ID),
  method = "REML",
  control=list(optimizer="optim")
)


#Similar moderator significance results.
# This is NB as that's the reason we do these tests, to then compare them with 
# the uni-moderator models. To see how robust the moderator effects are.

sum <- summary(model_full_interactions)
sum_I2 <- i2_ml(model_full_interactions, method = "ns")
sum_R2 <- r2_ml(model_full_interactions)


regres_FULL_interactions <- data.frame(
      effectname = attr(sum$beta, "dimnames")[[1]],
      beta = as.numeric(sum$beta),
      percentage_increase_or_decrease_on_Artificial = (exp(sum$beta)-1)*100,
      real.effect.value_exp_beta = exp(sum$beta),
      pval = sum$pval,
      ci.lb = sum$ci.lb,
      ci.ub = sum$ci.ub,
      I2_total = sum_I2[[1]] * 100,
      I2_study = sum_I2[[2]] * 100,
      I2_Exp_ID = sum_I2[[3]] * 100,
      I2_Effect_ID = sum_I2[[4]] * 100,
      R2_marginal_fixed = sum_R2[[1]] * 100,
      R2_conditional_fixed_random = sum_R2[[2]] * 100,
      Moderator_significance_stat = sum$QM,
      Moderator_significance_pval = sum$QMp,
      AIC = model_full_interactions$fit.stats$REML[3],
      row.names = NULL
    )
write.csv(regres_FULL_interactions, file = "./outputs/natural/summ_FULL_interactions.csv")

# CD_ALL

sum <- summary(model_full_interactions_CD_All)
sum_I2 <- i2_ml(model_full_interactions_CD_All, method = "ns")
sum_R2 <- r2_ml(model_full_interactions_CD_All)


regres_FULL_interactions_CD <- data.frame(
      effectname = attr(sum$beta, "dimnames")[[1]],
      beta = as.numeric(sum$beta),
      percentage_increase_or_decrease_on_Artificial = (exp(sum$beta)-1)*100,
      real.effect.value_exp_beta = exp(sum$beta),
      pval = sum$pval,
      ci.lb = sum$ci.lb,
      ci.ub = sum$ci.ub,
      I2_total = sum_I2[[1]] * 100,
      I2_study = sum_I2[[2]] * 100,
      I2_Exp_ID = sum_I2[[3]] * 100,
      I2_Effect_ID = sum_I2[[4]] * 100,
      R2_marginal_fixed = sum_R2[[1]] * 100,
      R2_conditional_fixed_random = sum_R2[[2]] * 100,
      Moderator_significance_stat = sum$QM,
      Moderator_significance_pval = sum$QMp,
      AIC = model_full_interactions_CD_All$fit.stats$REML[3]
    )
write.csv(regres_FULL_interactions_CD, file = "./outputs/natural/summ_FULL_interactions_CD.csv")

# R_ALL

sum <- summary(model_full_interactions_R_All)
sum_I2 <- i2_ml(model_full_interactions_R_All, method = "ns")
sum_R2 <- r2_ml(model_full_interactions_R_All)


regres_FULL_interactions_R <- data.frame(
      effectname = attr(sum$beta, "dimnames")[[1]],
      beta = as.numeric(sum$beta),
      percentage_increase_or_decrease_on_Artificial = (exp(sum$beta)-1)*100,
      real.effect.value_exp_beta = exp(sum$beta),
      pval = sum$pval,
      ci.lb = sum$ci.lb,
      ci.ub = sum$ci.ub,
      I2_total = sum_I2[[1]] * 100,
      I2_study = sum_I2[[2]] * 100,
      I2_Exp_ID = sum_I2[[3]] * 100,
      I2_Effect_ID = sum_I2[[4]] * 100,
      R2_marginal_fixed = sum_R2[[1]] * 100,
      R2_conditional_fixed_random = sum_R2[[2]] * 100,
      Moderator_significance_stat = sum$QM,
      Moderator_significance_pval = sum$QMp,
      AIC = model_full_interactions_R_All$fit.stats$REML[3]
    )
write.csv(regres_FULL_interactions_R, file = "./outputs/natural/summ_FULL_interactions_R.csv")

Summary of Abundance results (CD):

regres_FULL_interactions_CD %>%
  kable("html", digits = 3) %>%
  kable_styling("striped", position = "left") %>%
  scroll_box(width = "100%",
             height = "500px")

	effectname	beta	percentage_increase_or_decrease_on_Artificial	real.effect.value_exp_beta	pval	ci.lb	ci.ub	I2_total	I2_study	I2_Exp_ID	I2_Effect_ID	R2_marginal_fixed	R2_conditional_fixed_random	Moderator_significance_stat	Moderator_significance_pval	AIC
intrcpt	intrcpt	2.189	792.321	8.923	0.019	0.366	4.011	99.002	20.718	1.676	76.607	24.487	41.568	81.463	0	1678.345
F_TAlgae_Concrete	F_TAlgae_Concrete	0.410	50.747	1.507	0.188	-0.200	1.021	99.002	20.718	1.676	76.607	24.487	41.568	81.463	0	1678.345
F_TAlgae_Metal	F_TAlgae_Metal	0.121	12.883	1.129	0.740	-0.594	0.836	99.002	20.718	1.676	76.607	24.487	41.568	81.463	0	1678.345
F_TAlgae_Polymer	F_TAlgae_Polymer	0.292	33.902	1.339	0.301	-0.261	0.845	99.002	20.718	1.676	76.607	24.487	41.568	81.463	0	1678.345
F_TBenthic_Clay	F_TBenthic_Clay	-2.311	-90.084	0.099	0.036	-4.470	-0.152	99.002	20.718	1.676	76.607	24.487	41.568	81.463	0	1678.345
F_TBenthic_Concrete	F_TBenthic_Concrete	-2.818	-94.026	0.060	0.033	-5.412	-0.224	99.002	20.718	1.676	76.607	24.487	41.568	81.463	0	1678.345
F_TBenthic_Polymer	F_TBenthic_Polymer	-2.890	-94.440	0.056	0.002	-4.761	-1.018	99.002	20.718	1.676	76.607	24.487	41.568	81.463	0	1678.345
F_TFish_Concrete	F_TFish_Concrete	-1.818	-83.764	0.162	0.057	-3.690	0.054	99.002	20.718	1.676	76.607	24.487	41.568	81.463	0	1678.345
F_TFish_Polymer	F_TFish_Polymer	-2.122	-88.025	0.120	0.057	-4.307	0.062	99.002	20.718	1.676	76.607	24.487	41.568	81.463	0	1678.345
F_TInvert_Clay	F_TInvert_Clay	-2.351	-90.476	0.095	0.012	-4.196	-0.507	99.002	20.718	1.676	76.607	24.487	41.568	81.463	0	1678.345
F_TInvert_Concrete	F_TInvert_Concrete	-1.892	-84.916	0.151	0.041	-3.706	-0.077	99.002	20.718	1.676	76.607	24.487	41.568	81.463	0	1678.345
F_TInvert_Metal	F_TInvert_Metal	-2.889	-94.436	0.056	0.002	-4.745	-1.032	99.002	20.718	1.676	76.607	24.487	41.568	81.463	0	1678.345
F_TInvert_Polymer	F_TInvert_Polymer	-2.472	-91.558	0.084	0.007	-4.283	-0.660	99.002	20.718	1.676	76.607	24.487	41.568	81.463	0	1678.345
F_TSessile_Clay	F_TSessile_Clay	-2.112	-87.896	0.121	0.038	-4.103	-0.120	99.002	20.718	1.676	76.607	24.487	41.568	81.463	0	1678.345
F_TSessile_Concrete	F_TSessile_Concrete	-1.792	-83.343	0.167	0.055	-3.623	0.039	99.002	20.718	1.676	76.607	24.487	41.568	81.463	0	1678.345
F_TSessile_Metal	F_TSessile_Metal	-2.652	-92.948	0.071	0.011	-4.702	-0.602	99.002	20.718	1.676	76.607	24.487	41.568	81.463	0	1678.345
F_TSessile_Polymer	F_TSessile_Polymer	-2.324	-90.212	0.098	0.015	-4.193	-0.455	99.002	20.718	1.676	76.607	24.487	41.568	81.463	0	1678.345
F_CAlgae_Rock	F_CAlgae_Rock	-2.099	-87.740	0.123	0.024	-3.920	-0.278	99.002	20.718	1.676	76.607	24.487	41.568	81.463	0	1678.345
F_CAlgae_Wood	F_CAlgae_Wood	-1.941	-85.640	0.144	0.037	-3.769	-0.113	99.002	20.718	1.676	76.607	24.487	41.568	81.463	0	1678.345
F_CBenthic_Biogenic	F_CBenthic_Biogenic	0.035	3.554	1.036	0.964	-1.466	1.536	99.002	20.718	1.676	76.607	24.487	41.568	81.463	0	1678.345
F_CFish_Biogenic	F_CFish_Biogenic	-0.259	-22.825	0.772	0.752	-1.865	1.347	99.002	20.718	1.676	76.607	24.487	41.568	81.463	0	1678.345
F_CInvert_Biogenic	F_CInvert_Biogenic	0.478	61.223	1.612	0.299	-0.425	1.380	99.002	20.718	1.676	76.607	24.487	41.568	81.463	0	1678.345
F_CInvert_Rock	F_CInvert_Rock	0.210	23.342	1.233	0.261	-0.156	0.576	99.002	20.718	1.676	76.607	24.487	41.568	81.463	0	1678.345
F_CSessile_Rock	F_CSessile_Rock	0.031	3.156	1.032	0.888	-0.400	0.462	99.002	20.718	1.676	76.607	24.487	41.568	81.463	0	1678.345
C_TBiogenic_Concrete	C_TBiogenic_Concrete	-0.616	-45.989	0.540	0.206	-1.570	0.338	99.002	20.718	1.676	76.607	24.487	41.568	81.463	0	1678.345
C_TBiogenic_Metal	C_TBiogenic_Metal	-0.307	-26.428	0.736	0.575	-1.381	0.767	99.002	20.718	1.676	76.607	24.487	41.568	81.463	0	1678.345
C_TBiogenic_Polymer	C_TBiogenic_Polymer	-1.299	-72.719	0.273	0.010	-2.285	-0.313	99.002	20.718	1.676	76.607	24.487	41.568	81.463	0	1678.345
C_TRock_Clay	C_TRock_Clay	0.069	7.161	1.072	0.785	-0.429	0.567	99.002	20.718	1.676	76.607	24.487	41.568	81.463	0	1678.345
C_TRock_Concrete	C_TRock_Concrete	-0.219	-19.678	0.803	0.218	-0.568	0.130	99.002	20.718	1.676	76.607	24.487	41.568	81.463	0	1678.345
C_TRock_Metal	C_TRock_Metal	0.095	9.928	1.099	0.742	-0.468	0.657	99.002	20.718	1.676	76.607	24.487	41.568	81.463	0	1678.345
log10(Duration..months. + 1)	log10(Duration..months. + 1)	-0.181	-16.535	0.835	0.170	-0.439	0.078	99.002	20.718	1.676	76.607	24.487	41.568	81.463	0	1678.345
scale(Year)	scale(Year)	-0.028	-2.738	0.973	0.730	-0.185	0.130	99.002	20.718	1.676	76.607	24.487	41.568	81.463	0	1678.345

Summary of Richness results (R)

regres_FULL_interactions_R %>%
  kable("html", digits = 3) %>%
  kable_styling("striped", position = "left") %>%
  scroll_box(width = "100%", height = "500px")

	effectname	beta	percentage_increase_or_decrease_on_Artificial	real.effect.value_exp_beta	pval	ci.lb	ci.ub	I2_total	I2_study	I2_Exp_ID	I2_Effect_ID	R2_marginal_fixed	R2_conditional_fixed_random	Moderator_significance_stat	Moderator_significance_pval	AIC
intrcpt	intrcpt	-0.373	-31.099	0.689	0.056	-0.754	0.009	78.966	63.179	12.206	3.581	39.792	97.27	72.468	0	90.852
F_TAlgae_Concrete	F_TAlgae_Concrete	-0.380	-31.641	0.684	0.406	-1.277	0.516	78.966	63.179	12.206	3.581	39.792	97.27	72.468	0	90.852
F_TAlgae_Metal	F_TAlgae_Metal	-0.311	-26.743	0.733	0.359	-0.976	0.354	78.966	63.179	12.206	3.581	39.792	97.27	72.468	0	90.852
F_TAlgae_Polymer	F_TAlgae_Polymer	-0.556	-42.631	0.574	0.099	-1.216	0.104	78.966	63.179	12.206	3.581	39.792	97.27	72.468	0	90.852
F_TBenthic_Concrete	F_TBenthic_Concrete	0.754	112.485	2.125	0.009	0.187	1.321	78.966	63.179	12.206	3.581	39.792	97.27	72.468	0	90.852
F_TBenthic_Polymer	F_TBenthic_Polymer	0.373	45.139	1.451	0.102	-0.074	0.819	78.966	63.179	12.206	3.581	39.792	97.27	72.468	0	90.852
F_TFish_Concrete	F_TFish_Concrete	-0.122	-11.470	0.885	0.786	-1.000	0.756	78.966	63.179	12.206	3.581	39.792	97.27	72.468	0	90.852
F_TFish_Metal	F_TFish_Metal	-0.340	-28.836	0.712	0.510	-1.352	0.671	78.966	63.179	12.206	3.581	39.792	97.27	72.468	0	90.852
F_TFish_Polymer	F_TFish_Polymer	-0.467	-37.308	0.627	0.278	-1.310	0.376	78.966	63.179	12.206	3.581	39.792	97.27	72.468	0	90.852
F_TInvert_Concrete	F_TInvert_Concrete	-0.417	-34.067	0.659	0.243	-1.116	0.283	78.966	63.179	12.206	3.581	39.792	97.27	72.468	0	90.852
F_TInvert_Metal	F_TInvert_Metal	-0.916	-59.978	0.400	0.007	-1.581	-0.251	78.966	63.179	12.206	3.581	39.792	97.27	72.468	0	90.852
F_TInvert_Polymer	F_TInvert_Polymer	-0.742	-52.378	0.476	0.027	-1.401	-0.083	78.966	63.179	12.206	3.581	39.792	97.27	72.468	0	90.852
F_TSessile_Clay	F_TSessile_Clay	-0.279	-24.335	0.757	0.180	-0.687	0.129	78.966	63.179	12.206	3.581	39.792	97.27	72.468	0	90.852
F_TSessile_Concrete	F_TSessile_Concrete	0.004	0.438	1.004	0.968	-0.208	0.217	78.966	63.179	12.206	3.581	39.792	97.27	72.468	0	90.852
F_TSessile_Metal	F_TSessile_Metal	-0.255	-22.496	0.775	0.001	-0.404	-0.106	78.966	63.179	12.206	3.581	39.792	97.27	72.468	0	90.852
F_CAlgae_Rock	F_CAlgae_Rock	0.182	19.980	1.200	0.157	-0.070	0.434	78.966	63.179	12.206	3.581	39.792	97.27	72.468	0	90.852
F_CBenthic_Biogenic	F_CBenthic_Biogenic	-0.724	-51.497	0.485	0.193	-1.814	0.367	78.966	63.179	12.206	3.581	39.792	97.27	72.468	0	90.852
F_CFish_Rock	F_CFish_Rock	0.086	8.927	1.089	0.788	-0.537	0.708	78.966	63.179	12.206	3.581	39.792	97.27	72.468	0	90.852
F_CInvert_Rock	F_CInvert_Rock	0.435	54.522	1.545	0.001	0.186	0.684	78.966	63.179	12.206	3.581	39.792	97.27	72.468	0	90.852
F_CSessile_Rock	F_CSessile_Rock	0.101	10.660	1.107	0.271	-0.079	0.282	78.966	63.179	12.206	3.581	39.792	97.27	72.468	0	90.852
C_TRock_Clay	C_TRock_Clay	0.231	26.046	1.260	0.307	-0.213	0.676	78.966	63.179	12.206	3.581	39.792	97.27	72.468	0	90.852
C_TRock_Concrete	C_TRock_Concrete	-0.398	-32.837	0.672	0.011	-0.704	-0.092	78.966	63.179	12.206	3.581	39.792	97.27	72.468	0	90.852
C_TRock_Metal	C_TRock_Metal	-0.087	-8.311	0.917	0.427	-0.301	0.128	78.966	63.179	12.206	3.581	39.792	97.27	72.468	0	90.852
log10(Duration..months. + 1)	log10(Duration..months. + 1)	0.533	70.447	1.704	0.003	0.176	0.891	78.966	63.179	12.206	3.581	39.792	97.27	72.468	0	90.852
scale(Year)	scale(Year)	-0.043	-4.214	0.958	0.706	-0.267	0.181	78.966	63.179	12.206	3.581	39.792	97.27	72.468	0	90.852

7.14.1 Full Model comparisons

Checking whether the addition of a moderator is significant or not at the whole moderator level, rather than at the sub-level.

# https://stat.ethz.ch/pipermail/r-sig-mixed-models/2014q3/022608.html 
# Viechtbauer, W. (2007). Accounting for heterogeneity via random-effects
# > models and moderator analyses in meta-analysis. Zeitschrift für
# > Psychologie / Journal of Psychology, 215(2), 104-121.
#https://stat.ethz.ch/pipermail/r-help/2011-August/285943.html 
#
# explanation of tests of factors: 
# http://www.metafor-project.org/doku.php/tips:testing_factors_lincoms 

 model_FULL_1 <- model_full_interactions
 #summary(model_FULL_1)


# 
# # F_T
anova(model_FULL_1, btt = 2:18) # Yes moderator F_T is significant (P<0.0001)

## 
## Test of Moderators (coefficients 2:18):
## QM(df = 17) = 50.7092, p-val < .0001

# F_C
anova(model_FULL_1, btt = 19:27) # No moderator F_C is not significant (p = 0.2238)

## 
## Test of Moderators (coefficients 19:27):
## QM(df = 9) = 13.7905, p-val = 0.1300

# C_T
anova(model_FULL_1, btt = 28:33) # Yes moderator C_T is significant (p<0.005)

## 
## Test of Moderators (coefficients 28:33):
## QM(df = 6) = 18.2134, p-val = 0.0057

# Duration
anova(model_FULL_1, btt = 34) # No moderator Duration not significant (p=0.3338)

## 
## Test of Moderators (coefficient 34):
## QM(df = 1) = 0.1639, p-val = 0.6856

# #parameter
anova(model_FULL_1, btt = 35:36) #No moderator parameter not significant (p=0.1368)

## 
## Test of Moderators (coefficients 35:36):
## QM(df = 2) = 5.0171, p-val = 0.0814

# Year
anova(model_FULL_1, btt = 37) # no "year" testing publication bias, is not significant(p=0.690)

## 
## Test of Moderators (coefficient 37):
## QM(df = 1) = 0.1654, p-val = 0.6842

# 
# results show robustness of single moderator model results. Significant
# moderators are: F_T and C_T only. 

# 

7.15 Hab former models:

Created phylogenetic tree from the rotl package examples and using the tree of life database: https://tree.opentreeoflife.org

7.15.1 Phylogenetic tree

For habitat forming species only. As these were listed as individual species.

########################################
## Phylo section ##
########################################

a <- unique(meta_All_Hab$Species_phylo_2) # CD version is the same, so leaving 
# this one list 

# Not all studies were per spp, there were a few that looked at groups 
# of organisms instead, so we've had to use the highest general classification in 
# some cases to ensure all "names" are on the edge of a branch. 

# adding "phylogeny" as a new column for the list of random factors, as the species names as well as the correlation matrix are included as random factors in the model. Based on Shinichi's paper: https://ecoevorxiv.org/su4zv/ 
meta_All_Hab$Phylogeny <- meta_All_Hab$Species_phylo_2
meta_CD_Hab$Phylogeny <- meta_CD_Hab$Species_phylo_2
# meta_D_Hab$Phylogeny <- meta_D_Hab$Species_phylo_2
meta_All_Hab_G_T$Phylogeny <- meta_All_Hab_G_T$Species_phylo_2
meta_All_Hab_G_T_metal$Phylogeny <- meta_All_Hab_G_T_metal$Species_phylo_2
meta_All_Hab_G_C$Phylogeny <- meta_All_Hab_G_C$Species_phylo_2
meta_All_Hab_G_C_metal$Phylogeny <- meta_All_Hab_G_C_metal$Species_phylo_2
# adding phylo to CD versions
meta_CD_Hab_G_T$Phylogeny <- meta_CD_Hab_G_T$Species_phylo_2
meta_CD_Hab_G_T_metal$Phylogeny <- meta_CD_Hab_G_T_metal$Species_phylo_2
meta_CD_Hab_G_C$Phylogeny <- meta_CD_Hab_G_C$Species_phylo_2
meta_CD_Hab_G_C_metal$Phylogeny <- meta_CD_Hab_G_C_metal$Species_phylo_2

##need internet connection for this part
taxa <- tnrs_match_names(names= a)
# create tree
tree <- tol_induced_subtree(ott_ids = ott_id(taxa))

#checking all names are included in the tree
in_tree <- is_in_tree(ott_id(taxa))

#remove ott ids on tipes to match the species ids - for cor matrix. 
tree$tip.label<-strip_ott_ids(tree$tip.label, remove_underscores = TRUE)

#plot tree
plot(tree, cex = .8, label.offset = .1, no.margin = TRUE) 

# add branch lengths to tree for cor matrix
tree <- compute.brlen(tree)
#create cor matrix for use as a random factor. 
cor <- vcv(tree, cor = T)
#cor #to see the correlations

Now add the phylo tree into these models:

#just one hab model 

models_hab_simp <- rma.mv(
  yi = yi,
  V = impute_covariance_matrix(
    vi = meta_All_Hab$vi,     #meta_All_Hab for simple model 
    cluster = meta_All_Hab$Study,
    r = 0.5
  ),
  data = meta_All_Hab,
  random = list(
    ~ 1 | Study,
    ~ 1 | Phylogeny,
    ~ 1 | Species_phylo_2,
    ~ 1 | Exp_ID,
    ~ 1 | Effect_ID
  ),
  R = list(Phylogeny = cor),
  method = "REML",
  control=list(optimizer="optim")
)

# plot
hab_orch_simp <-
  orchard_plot(models_hab_simp, angle = 0, mod = "Int", xlab = "Ratio of means")
#saving plot:
ggsave(filename = "./outputs/natural/hab_orch_simp.tiff",
       plot = hab_orch_simp,
       dpi = plot_dpi, width = 8, height = 8)

# with moderators  - now switch to CD version 
## Group / type  (equivalent to function)
models_hab_grp <-
  rma.mv(
    yi = yi,
    V = impute_covariance_matrix(
      vi = meta_CD_Hab$vi,
      cluster = meta_CD_Hab$Study,
      r = 0.5
    ),
    data = meta_CD_Hab,
    mods = ~ Group - 1,
    random = list(
      ~ 1 | Study,
      ~ 1 | Phylogeny,
      ~ 1 | Species_phylo_2,
      ~ 1 | Exp_ID,
      ~ 1 | Effect_ID
    ),
    R = list(Phylogeny = cor),
    method = "REML",
    control=list(optimizer="optim")
  )
# plot
hab_orch_grp <-
  orchard_plot(models_hab_grp, angle = 0,  mod = "Group", xlab = "Ratio of means")
#saving plots:
ggsave(filename = "./outputs/natural/hab_orch_grp.tiff",
       plot = hab_orch_grp,
       dpi = plot_dpi, width = 10)

## Treatment
models_hab_trt <-
  rma.mv(
    yi = yi,
    V = impute_covariance_matrix(
      vi = meta_CD_Hab$vi,
      cluster = meta_CD_Hab$Study,
      r = 0.5
    ),
    data = meta_CD_Hab,
    mods = ~ Treatment - 1,
    random = list(
      ~ 1 | Study,
      ~ 1 | Phylogeny,
      ~ 1 | Species_phylo_2,
      ~ 1 | Exp_ID,
      ~ 1 | Effect_ID
    ),
    R = list(Phylogeny = cor),
    method = "REML",
    control=list(optimizer="optim")
  )
# plot
hab_orch_trt <-
  orchard_plot(models_hab_trt, angle = 0,  mod = "Treatment", xlab = "Ratio of means")
#saving plots:
ggsave(filename = "./outputs/natural/hab_orch_trt.tiff",
       plot = hab_orch_trt,
       dpi = plot_dpi, width = 10)

#contrasts:
contrast_hab_trt<- 
  summary(glht(
  models_hab_trt,
  linfct = c(
    "TreatmentClay - TreatmentConcrete = 0",
    "TreatmentClay - TreatmentMetal = 0",
    "TreatmentClay - TreatmentPolymer = 0",
    "TreatmentConcrete - TreatmentMetal = 0",
    "TreatmentConcrete - TreatmentPolymer = 0",
    "TreatmentMetal - TreatmentPolymer = 0"
  )
))

## Control
models_hab_cntr <- rma.mv(
  yi = yi,
  V = impute_covariance_matrix(
    vi = meta_CD_Hab$vi,
    cluster = meta_CD_Hab$Study,
    r = 0.5
  ),
  data = meta_CD_Hab,
  mods = ~ Control - 1,
  random = list(
    ~ 1 | Study,
    ~ 1 | Phylogeny,
    ~ 1 | Species_phylo_2,
    ~ 1 | Exp_ID,
    ~ 1 | Effect_ID
  ),
  R = list(Phylogeny = cor),
  method = "REML",
  control=list(optimizer="optim")
)
# plot
hab_orch_cntr <-
  orchard_plot(models_hab_cntr,angle = 0,  mod = "Control", xlab = "Ratio of means")
#saving plots:
ggsave(filename = "./outputs/natural/hab_orch_cntr.tiff",
       plot = hab_orch_cntr,
       dpi = plot_dpi, width = 10)
#contrasts:
contrast_hab_cntr<- 
  summary(glht(
  models_hab_cntr,
  linfct = c(
    "ControlBiogenic - ControlRock = 0",
    "ControlBiogenic - ControlWood = 0",
    "ControlRock - ControlWood = 0"
  )
))

## Duration
models_hab_durat <- rma.mv(
  yi = yi,
  V = impute_covariance_matrix(
    vi = meta_CD_Hab$vi,
    cluster = meta_CD_Hab$Study,
    r = 0.5
  ),
  data = meta_CD_Hab,
  mods = ~ log10(Duration..months. + 1),
  random = list(
    ~ 1 | Study,
    ~ 1 | Phylogeny,
    ~ 1 | Species_phylo_2,
    ~ 1 | Exp_ID,
    ~ 1 | Effect_ID
  ),
  R = list(Phylogeny = cor),
  method = "REML",
  control=list(optimizer="optim")
)
# plot
#need bubble plot

## Publication year (for time lag bias)
models_hab_year <- rma.mv(
  yi = yi,
  V = impute_covariance_matrix(
    vi = meta_CD_Hab$vi,
    cluster = meta_CD_Hab$Study,
    r = 0.5
  ),
  data = meta_CD_Hab,
  mods = ~ scale(Year),
  random = list(
    ~ 1 | Study,
    ~ 1 | Phylogeny,
    ~ 1 | Species_phylo_2,
    ~ 1 | Exp_ID,
    ~ 1 | Effect_ID
  ),
  R = list(Phylogeny = cor),
  method = "REML",
  control=list(optimizer="optim")
)

## Group_Treatment combo.
# removing of terms with <3 data points is above phylogeny section. 

models_hab_G_T_reduced <- rma.mv(
  yi = yi,
  V = impute_covariance_matrix(
    vi = meta_CD_Hab_G_T$vi,
    cluster = meta_CD_Hab_G_T$Study,
    r = 0.5
  ),
  data = meta_CD_Hab_G_T,
  mods = ~ G_T -1,
  random = list(
    ~ 1 | Study,
    ~ 1 | Phylogeny,
    ~ 1 | Species_phylo_2,
    ~ 1 | Exp_ID,
    ~ 1 | Effect_ID
  ),
  R = list(Phylogeny = cor),
  method = "REML",
  control=list(optimizer="optim")
)

models_hab_G_T_reduced_metal <- rma.mv(
  yi = yi,
  V = impute_covariance_matrix(
    vi = meta_CD_Hab_G_T_metal$vi,
    cluster = meta_CD_Hab_G_T_metal$Study,
    r = 0.5
  ),
  data = meta_CD_Hab_G_T_metal,
  mods = ~ G_T -1,
  random = list(
    ~ 1 | Study,
    ~ 1 | Phylogeny,
    ~ 1 | Species_phylo_2,
    ~ 1 | Exp_ID,
    ~ 1 | Effect_ID
  ),
  R = list(Phylogeny = cor),
  method = "REML",
  control=list(optimizer="optim")
)

# #Checking contrasts: 

#G_T reduced: 
#Checking contrasts: 
# See whats available:
table(meta_CD_Hab$G_T)
table(meta_CD_Hab_G_T$G_T)  # this should be reduced 
contrast_hab_G_T_reduced <-
  summary(glht(
    models_hab_G_T_reduced,
    linfct = c(
      #Barnacles
      "G_TBarnacles_Clay - G_TBarnacles_Concrete = 0",
      "G_TBarnacles_Clay- G_TBarnacles_Metal = 0",
      "G_TBarnacles_Clay - G_TBarnacles_Polymer = 0",
      "G_TBarnacles_Concrete - G_TBarnacles_Metal = 0",
      "G_TBarnacles_Concrete - G_TBarnacles_Polymer = 0",
      "G_TBarnacles_Metal - G_TBarnacles_Polymer = 0",
      #Bivalves
      "G_TBivalves_Clay - G_TBivalves_Concrete = 0",
      "G_TBivalves_Clay- G_TBivalves_Metal = 0",
      "G_TBivalves_Clay - G_TBivalves_Polymer = 0",
      "G_TBivalves_Concrete - G_TBivalves_Metal = 0",
      "G_TBivalves_Concrete - G_TBivalves_Polymer = 0",
      "G_TBivalves_Metal - G_TBivalves_Polymer = 0",
      #Corals
      "G_TCorals_Clay - G_TCorals_Concrete = 0",
      "G_TCorals_Clay - G_TCorals_Polymer = 0",
      "G_TCorals_Concrete - G_TCorals_Polymer = 0",
      #Coralline Algae
      "G_TCoralline_Algae_Clay - G_TCoralline_Algae_Concrete = 0",
      "G_TCoralline_Algae_Clay - G_TCoralline_Algae_Polymer = 0",
      "G_TCoralline_Algae_Concrete - G_TCoralline_Algae_Polymer = 0",
      #Tube-forming - only tubeformingConcrete
      # Clay
      "G_TBarnacles_Clay - G_TBivalves_Clay = 0",
      "G_TCorals_Clay- G_TBarnacles_Clay = 0",
      "G_TCoralline_Algae_Clay - G_TBarnacles_Clay = 0",
      "G_TBivalves_Clay - G_TCorals_Clay = 0",
      "G_TBivalves_Clay - G_TCoralline_Algae_Clay = 0",
      "G_TCorals_Clay -  G_TCoralline_Algae_Clay  = 0",
      # Concrete
      "G_TBarnacles_Concrete - G_TBivalves_Concrete = 0",
      "G_TCorals_Concrete- G_TBarnacles_Concrete = 0",
      "G_TCoralline_Algae_Concrete - G_TBarnacles_Concrete = 0",
      "G_TBivalves_Concrete - G_TCorals_Concrete = 0",
      "G_TBivalves_Concrete - G_TCoralline_Algae_Concrete = 0",
      "G_TCorals_Concrete -  G_TCoralline_Algae_Concrete  = 0",
      # Metal
      "G_TBarnacles_Metal - G_TBivalves_Metal = 0",
      # Polymer
      "G_TBarnacles_Polymer - G_TBivalves_Polymer = 0",
      "G_TCorals_Polymer- G_TBarnacles_Polymer = 0",
      "G_TCoralline_Algae_Polymer - G_TBarnacles_Polymer = 0",
      "G_TBivalves_Polymer - G_TCorals_Polymer = 0",
      "G_TBivalves_Polymer - G_TCoralline_Algae_Polymer = 0",
      "G_TCorals_Polymer -  G_TCoralline_Algae_Polymer  = 0"
    )
  ))
contrast_hab_G_T_reduced 

# plotting reduced version: 
#plot

Hab_G_T<- mod_results(models_hab_G_T_reduced, mod="G_T")
Hab_G_T_data <- Hab_G_T$data
Hab_G_T_box<-Hab_G_T$mod_table

plot_Hab_G_T_reduced <- orchard_plot(models_hab_G_T_reduced,
                            mod = "G_T",
                            xlab = "Ratio of means",
                            cb = F, #this allows more colours and therefore more sub levels to be in the plot
                            angle = 0) #
g_col <- c("grey","grey","grey","grey","grey","grey","grey","grey","grey","grey","grey","grey","grey","grey","grey","grey")
plot_Hab_G_T_reduced<-plot_Hab_G_T_reduced +
  scale_fill_manual(values = g_col) +
  scale_colour_manual(values = g_col) #+

plot_Hab_G_T_reduced <- plot_Hab_G_T_reduced +
  ggtitle("Habitat-forming Species") +
  theme(
    axis.text.y = element_text(hjust = 0.95, size = 12),
    plot.title = element_text(size = 14, face = "bold"),
    text = element_text(size = 12)
  )
plot_Hab_G_T_reduced

ggsave(filename = "./outputs/natural/plot_Hab_G_T_reduced_grey.jpg",
       dpi = 320, width = 10, height = 9)

###########################
# PLot metal
############################
#plot
Hab_G_T_metal<- mod_results(models_hab_G_T_reduced_metal, mod="G_T")
Hab_G_T_data_metal <- Hab_G_T_metal$data
Hab_G_T_box_metal<-Hab_G_T_metal$mod_table

plot_Hab_G_T_reduced_metal <- orchard_plot(models_hab_G_T_reduced_metal,
                            mod = "G_T",
                            xlab = "Ratio of means",
                            cb = F, #this allows more colours and therefore more sub levels to be in the plot
                            angle = 0) #
g_col <- c("grey","grey","grey","grey","grey","grey","grey","grey","grey","grey","grey","grey","grey","grey","grey","grey")
plot_Hab_G_T_reduced_metal<-plot_Hab_G_T_reduced_metal +
  scale_fill_manual(values = g_col) +
  scale_colour_manual(values = g_col) #+


plot_Hab_G_T_reduced_metal <- plot_Hab_G_T_reduced_metal +
  ggtitle("Habitat-forming Species") +
  theme(
    axis.text.y = element_text(hjust = 0.95, size = 12),
    plot.title = element_text(size = 14, face = "bold"),
    text = element_text(size = 12)
  )

ggsave(plot_Hab_G_T_reduced_metal, filename = "./outputs/natural/plot_Hab_G_T_reduced_grey_metal.jpg",
       dpi = 320, width = 10, height = 9)


#######################################
# Group_Control
######################################

models_hab_G_C_reduced <- rma.mv(
  yi = yi,
  V = impute_covariance_matrix(
    vi = meta_CD_Hab_G_C$vi,
    cluster = meta_CD_Hab_G_C$Study,
    r = 0.5
  ),
  data = meta_CD_Hab_G_C,
  mods = ~ G_C -1,
  random = list(
    ~ 1 | Study,
    ~ 1 | Phylogeny,
    ~ 1 | Species_phylo_2,
    ~ 1 | Exp_ID,
    ~ 1 | Effect_ID
  ),
  R = list(Phylogeny = cor),
  method = "REML",
  control=list(optimizer="optim")
)

models_hab_G_C_reduced_metal <- rma.mv(
  yi = yi,
  V = impute_covariance_matrix(
    vi = meta_CD_Hab_G_C_metal$vi,
    cluster = meta_CD_Hab_G_C_metal$Study,
    r = 0.5
  ),
  data = meta_CD_Hab_G_C_metal,
  mods = ~ G_C -1,
  random = list(
    ~ 1 | Study,
    ~ 1 | Phylogeny,
    ~ 1 | Species_phylo_2,
    ~ 1 | Exp_ID,
    ~ 1 | Effect_ID
  ),
  R = list(Phylogeny = cor),
  method = "REML",
  control=list(optimizer="optim")
)

#Checking contrasts: 
table(meta_CD_Hab$G_C)
contrast_hab_G_C_reduced <-
  summary(glht(
    models_hab_G_C_reduced,
    linfct = c(
      #Barnacles
      "G_CBarnacles_Rock - G_CBarnacles_Wood = 0",
      #Bivalves
      "G_CBivalves_Biogenic - G_CBivalves_Rock = 0",
      "G_CBivalves_Biogenic- G_CBivalves_Wood = 0",
      "G_CBivalves_Rock - G_CBivalves_Wood = 0",
      #Corals
      "G_CCorals_Biogenic - G_CCorals_Rock = 0",
      #Coralline Algae - just rock
      #Tube-forming - 
      "G_CTube_forming_Rock - G_CTube_forming_Wood = 0",
      #Canopy_Algae only canopy algae Rock
      # Biogenic
      "G_CBivalves_Biogenic - G_CCorals_Biogenic = 0",
      # Rock
      "G_CBarnacles_Rock - G_CBivalves_Rock = 0",
      "G_CCorals_Rock- G_CBarnacles_Rock = 0",
      "G_CCoralline_Algae_Rock - G_CBarnacles_Rock = 0",
      "G_CBivalves_Rock - G_CCorals_Rock = 0",
      "G_CBivalves_Rock - G_CCoralline_Algae_Rock = 0",
      "G_CCorals_Rock -  G_CCoralline_Algae_Rock  = 0",
      "G_CTube_forming_Rock - G_CBarnacles_Rock = 0",
      "G_CTube_forming_Rock - G_CBivalves_Rock = 0",
      "G_CTube_forming_Rock - G_CCorals_Rock = 0",
      "G_CTube_forming_Rock - G_CCoralline_Algae_Rock = 0",
      "G_CTube_forming_Rock - G_CCanopy_Algae_Rock = 0",
      "G_CCanopy_Algae_Rock - G_CBarnacles_Rock = 0",
      "G_CCanopy_Algae_Rock - G_CBivalves_Rock = 0",
      "G_CCanopy_Algae_Rock - G_CCorals_Rock = 0",
      "G_CCanopy_Algae_Rock - G_CCoralline_Algae_Rock = 0", 
      # Wood
      "G_CTube_forming_Wood - G_CBivalves_Wood = 0",
      "G_CBarnacles_Wood - G_CTube_forming_Wood= 0",
      "G_CBivalves_Wood - G_CBarnacles_Wood = 0"
    )
  ))
#contrast_hab_G_C_reduced

# plotting reduced version: 
#plot
Hab_G_C<- mod_results(models_hab_G_C_reduced, mod="G_C")
Hab_G_C_data <- Hab_G_C$data
Hab_G_C_box<-Hab_G_C$mod_table

plot_Hab_G_C_reduced <- orchard_plot(models_hab_G_C_reduced,
                            mod = "G_C",
                            xlab = "Ratio of means",
                            cb = F, #this allows more colours and therefore more sub levels to be in the plot
                            angle = 0) #
g_col <- c("grey","grey","grey","grey","grey","grey","grey","grey","grey","grey","grey")
plot_Hab_G_C_reduced<-plot_Hab_G_C_reduced +
  scale_fill_manual(values = g_col) +
  scale_colour_manual(values = g_col) +
  ggtitle("Habitat-forming Species") +
  theme(
    axis.text.y = element_text(hjust = 0.95, size = 12),
    plot.title = element_text(size = 14, face = "bold"),
    text = element_text(size = 12))


plot_Hab_G_C_reduced

ggsave(plot_Hab_G_C_reduced, filename = "./outputs/natural/plot_Hab_G_C_reduced_grey.jpg",
       dpi = 320, width = 10, height = 9)

#################################
# PLot Metal
################################

#plot
Hab_G_C_metal<- mod_results(models_hab_G_C_reduced_metal, mod="G_C")
Hab_G_C_data_metal <- Hab_G_C_metal$data
Hab_G_C_box_metal<-Hab_G_C_metal$mod_table

plot_Hab_G_C_reduced_metal <- orchard_plot(models_hab_G_C_reduced_metal,
                            mod = "G_C",
                            xlab = "Ratio of means",
                            cb = F, #this allows more colours and therefore more sub levels to be in the plot
                            angle = 0) #
g_col <- c("grey","grey","grey","grey","grey","grey","grey","grey","grey","grey","grey")
plot_Hab_G_C_reduced_metal<-plot_Hab_G_C_reduced_metal +
  scale_fill_manual(values = g_col) +
  scale_colour_manual(values = g_col) +
  ggtitle("Habitat-forming Species") +
  theme(
    axis.text.y = element_text(hjust = 0.95, size = 12),
    plot.title = element_text(size = 14, face = "bold"),
    text = element_text(size = 12))


#plot_Hab_G_C_reduced_metal

ggsave(plot_Hab_G_C_reduced_metal, filename = "./outputs/natural/plot_Hab_G_C_reduced_grey_metal.jpg",
       dpi = 320, width = 10, height = 9)




#######################################
# Control_Treatment HABS
#######################################

models_hab_C_T <- rma.mv(
  yi = yi,
  V = impute_covariance_matrix(
    vi = meta_CD_Hab$vi,
    cluster = meta_CD_Hab$Study,
    r = 0.5
  ),
  data = meta_CD_Hab,
  mods = ~ C_T -1,
  random = list(
    ~ 1 | Study,
    ~ 1 | Phylogeny,
    ~ 1 | Species_phylo_2,
    ~ 1 | Exp_ID,
    ~ 1 | Effect_ID
  ),
  R = list(Phylogeny = cor),
  method = "REML",
  control=list(optimizer="optim")
)


#contrasts
#Checking contrasts: 
#table(meta_CD_Hab$C_T)

contrast_hab_C_T <-
  summary(glht(
    models_hab_C_T,
    linfct = c(
      #Biogenic
      "C_TBiogenic_Clay - C_TBiogenic_Concrete = 0",
      "C_TBiogenic_Clay - C_TBiogenic_Metal = 0",
      "C_TBiogenic_Clay - C_TBiogenic_Polymer = 0",
      "C_TBiogenic_Concrete - C_TBiogenic_Metal = 0",
      "C_TBiogenic_Concrete - C_TBiogenic_Polymer = 0",
      "C_TBiogenic_Metal - C_TBiogenic_Polymer = 0",
      #Rock
      "C_TRock_Clay - C_TRock_Concrete = 0",
      "C_TRock_Clay - C_TRock_Metal = 0",
      "C_TRock_Clay - C_TRock_Polymer = 0",
      "C_TRock_Concrete - C_TRock_Metal = 0",
      "C_TRock_Concrete - C_TRock_Polymer = 0",
      "C_TRock_Metal - C_TRock_Polymer = 0",
      #Wood
      "C_TWood_Clay - C_TWood_Concrete = 0",
      "C_TWood_Clay - C_TWood_Metal = 0",
      "C_TWood_Clay - C_TWood_Polymer = 0",
      "C_TWood_Concrete - C_TWood_Metal = 0",
      "C_TWood_Concrete - C_TWood_Polymer = 0",
      "C_TWood_Metal - C_TWood_Polymer = 0",
      #polymers
      "C_TBiogenic_Polymer - C_TRock_Polymer = 0",
      "C_TBiogenic_Polymer - C_TWood_Polymer = 0",
      "C_TRock_Polymer -  C_TWood_Polymer = 0",
      # metals
      "C_TBiogenic_Metal - C_TRock_Metal = 0",
      "C_TBiogenic_Metal - C_TWood_Metal = 0",
      "C_TRock_Metal -  C_TWood_Metal = 0",
      # Concrete
      "C_TBiogenic_Concrete - C_TRock_Concrete = 0",
      "C_TBiogenic_Concrete - C_TWood_Concrete = 0",
      "C_TRock_Concrete -  C_TWood_Concrete = 0",
      # Clay
      "C_TBiogenic_Clay - C_TRock_Clay = 0",
      "C_TBiogenic_Clay - C_TWood_Clay = 0",
      "C_TRock_Clay -  C_TWood_Clay = 0"
    )
  ))

#contrast_hab_C_T


# plotting reduced version: 
#plot
Hab_C_T<- mod_results(models_hab_C_T, mod="C_T")
Hab_C_T_data <- Hab_C_T$data
Hab_C_T_box<-Hab_C_T$mod_table

plot_Hab_C_T <- orchard_plot(models_hab_C_T,
                            mod = "C_T",
                            xlab = "Ratio of means",
                            cb = F, #this allows more colours and therefore more sub levels to be in the plot
                            angle = 0) #
g_col <- c("grey","grey","grey","grey","grey","grey","grey","grey","grey","grey","grey","grey")
plot_Hab_C_T<-plot_Hab_C_T +
  scale_fill_manual(values = g_col) +
  scale_colour_manual(values = g_col) #+

plot_Hab_C_T <- plot_Hab_C_T + 
   ggtitle("Habitat-forming Species") +
  theme(
    axis.text.y = element_text(hjust = 0.95, size = 12),
    plot.title = element_text(size = 14, face = "bold"),
    text = element_text(size = 12))

ggsave(plot_Hab_C_T, filename = "./outputs/natural/plot_Hab_C_T_grey.jpg",
       dpi = 320, width = 10, height = 9)




######################################################
# Full   - with interactions
#######################################################

# Now switch back to the meta_All_Hab dataset for the full models

# Updated with new contrasts - leaving out single moderators
models_hab_FULL_interactions <- rma.mv(
  yi = yi,
  V = impute_covariance_matrix(
    vi = meta_All_Hab$vi,
    cluster = meta_All_Hab$Study,
    r = 0.5
  ),
  data = meta_All_Hab,
  mods = ~ G_T + G_C + C_T + log10(Duration..months. + 1) + Parameter + scale(Year),  
  random = list(
    ~ 1 | Study,
    ~ 1 | Phylogeny,
    ~ 1 | Species_phylo_2,
    ~ 1 | Exp_ID,
    ~ 1 | Effect_ID
  ),
  R = list(Phylogeny = cor),
  method = "REML",
  control=list(optimizer="optim")
)

## model results: 
hab_all <-
  list(
    models_hab_simp = models_hab_simp,
    models_hab_grp = models_hab_grp,
    models_hab_trt = models_hab_trt,
    models_hab_cntr = models_hab_cntr,
    models_hab_durat = models_hab_durat,
    models_hab_G_T = models_hab_G_T_reduced,  # with study limits
    models_hab_G_C = models_hab_G_C_reduced,
    models_hab_C_T = models_hab_C_T,
    models_hab_FULL_interactions = models_hab_FULL_interactions,
    models_hab_year = models_hab_year
  )
it <- seq_len(length(hab_all))
mods_it <- hab_all
regres_hab <- lapply(
  it,
  FUN = function(x) {
    sum <- summary(mods_it[[x]])
    sum_I2 <- i2_ml(mods_it[[x]], method = "ns")
    sum_R2 <- r2_ml(mods_it[[x]])
    res <- data.frame(
      name = names(mods_it[x]),
      effectname = attr(sum$beta, "dimnames")[[1]],
      beta = as.numeric(sum$beta),
      percentage_increase_or_decrease_on_Artificial = (exp(sum$beta)-1)*100,
      real.effect.value_exp_beta = exp(sum$beta),
      pval = sum$pval,
      ci.lb = sum$ci.lb,
      ci.ub = sum$ci.ub,
      I2_total = sum_I2[[1]] * 100,
      I2_study = sum_I2[[2]] * 100,
      I2_Exp_ID = sum_I2[[3]] * 100,
      I2_Effect_ID = sum_I2[[4]] * 100,
      R2_marginal_fixed = sum_R2[[1]] * 100,
      R2_conditional_fixed_random = sum_R2[[2]] * 100,
      Moderator_significance_stat = sum$QM,
      Moderator_significance_pval = sum$QMp,
      AIC = mods_it[[x]]$fit.stats$REML[3],
      row.names=NULL
    )
    return(res)
    
  }
)
regresdf_HAB <- bind_rows(regres_hab)
write.csv(regresdf_HAB, file = "./outputs/natural/summ_HAB_mods.csv")


#Moderator tests for overall significance: - TO BE UPDATED 
# summary(models_hab_FULL_interactions)
# #Group
# anova(models_hab_FULL, btt = 1:7) # no QM(df = 7) = 11.8317, p-val = 0.1062
# #Treatment **
# anova(models_hab_FULL, btt = c(1,8:10)) # yes QM(df = 4) = 56.2791, p-val < .0001
# #Control
# anova(models_hab_FULL, btt = c(1,11:12)) # no QM(df = 3) = 4.2760, p-val = 0.2332
# #Duration
# anova(models_hab_FULL, btt = 13 ) # no QM(df = 1) = 0.5175, p-val = 0.4719
# #Parameter
# anova(models_hab_FULL, btt =c(1, 14:15)) # yes at the 95% level QM(df = 3) = 9.2789, p-val = 0.0258

Summary of results:

regresdf_HAB %>%
  kable("html", digits = 3) %>%
  kable_styling("striped", position = "left") %>%
  scroll_box(width = "100%",
             height = "500px")

name	effectname	beta	percentage_increase_or_decrease_on_Artificial	real.effect.value_exp_beta	pval	ci.lb	ci.ub	I2_total	I2_study	I2_Exp_ID	I2_Effect_ID	R2_marginal_fixed	R2_conditional_fixed_random	Moderator_significance_stat	Moderator_significance_pval	AIC
models_hab_simp	intrcpt	-0.033	-3.200	0.968	0.841	-0.350	0.285	99.622	34.215	0.000	11.339	0.000	45.727	0.040	0.841	789.511
models_hab_grp	GroupBarnacles	-0.073	-7.039	0.930	0.868	-0.935	0.789	99.681	35.500	0.001	19.127	4.431	56.806	1.860	0.932	779.437
models_hab_grp	GroupBivalves	0.229	25.711	1.257	0.460	-0.378	0.835	99.681	35.500	0.001	19.127	4.431	56.806	1.860	0.932	779.437
models_hab_grp	GroupCanopy_Algae	-0.132	-12.405	0.876	0.750	-0.949	0.684	99.681	35.500	0.001	19.127	4.431	56.806	1.860	0.932	779.437
models_hab_grp	GroupCoralline_Algae	0.068	7.048	1.070	0.884	-0.847	0.984	99.681	35.500	0.001	19.127	4.431	56.806	1.860	0.932	779.437
models_hab_grp	GroupCorals	-0.282	-24.569	0.754	0.592	-1.313	0.749	99.681	35.500	0.001	19.127	4.431	56.806	1.860	0.932	779.437
models_hab_grp	GroupTube_forming	-0.345	-29.146	0.709	0.444	-1.226	0.537	99.681	35.500	0.001	19.127	4.431	56.806	1.860	0.932	779.437
models_hab_trt	TreatmentClay	-0.126	-11.813	0.882	0.531	-0.519	0.267	99.597	37.789	0.000	16.063	26.656	66.314	51.081	0.000	743.266
models_hab_trt	TreatmentConcrete	0.318	37.467	1.375	0.077	-0.034	0.671	99.597	37.789	0.000	16.063	26.656	66.314	51.081	0.000	743.266
models_hab_trt	TreatmentMetal	-0.801	-55.121	0.449	0.001	-1.296	-0.307	99.597	37.789	0.000	16.063	26.656	66.314	51.081	0.000	743.266
models_hab_trt	TreatmentPolymer	-0.671	-48.878	0.511	0.001	-1.060	-0.282	99.597	37.789	0.000	16.063	26.656	66.314	51.081	0.000	743.266
models_hab_cntr	ControlBiogenic	-0.289	-25.116	0.749	0.217	-0.749	0.170	99.624	34.945	0.000	10.403	1.618	46.401	2.425	0.489	786.107
models_hab_cntr	ControlRock	0.006	0.586	1.006	0.974	-0.341	0.353	99.624	34.945	0.000	10.403	1.618	46.401	2.425	0.489	786.107
models_hab_cntr	ControlWood	0.030	3.021	1.030	0.892	-0.398	0.458	99.624	34.945	0.000	10.403	1.618	46.401	2.425	0.489	786.107
models_hab_durat	intrcpt	-0.209	-18.889	0.811	0.397	-0.693	0.275	99.609	30.966	0.000	12.435	0.908	44.085	0.877	0.349	788.147
models_hab_durat	log10(Duration..months. + 1)	0.193	21.302	1.213	0.349	-0.211	0.597	99.609	30.966	0.000	12.435	0.908	44.085	0.877	0.349	788.147
models_hab_G_T	G_TBarnacles_Clay	0.389	47.549	1.475	0.235	-0.252	1.030	99.584	62.125	0.003	0.002	33.105	75.499	97.762	0.000	672.087
models_hab_G_T	G_TBarnacles_Concrete	0.592	80.780	1.808	0.022	0.085	1.099	99.584	62.125	0.003	0.002	33.105	75.499	97.762	0.000	672.087
models_hab_G_T	G_TBarnacles_Metal	-0.990	-62.841	0.372	0.014	-1.781	-0.199	99.584	62.125	0.003	0.002	33.105	75.499	97.762	0.000	672.087
models_hab_G_T	G_TBarnacles_Polymer	-1.001	-63.251	0.367	0.001	-1.577	-0.425	99.584	62.125	0.003	0.002	33.105	75.499	97.762	0.000	672.087
models_hab_G_T	G_TBivalves_Clay	-0.004	-0.437	0.996	0.988	-0.559	0.551	99.584	62.125	0.003	0.002	33.105	75.499	97.762	0.000	672.087
models_hab_G_T	G_TBivalves_Concrete	0.588	80.048	1.800	0.014	0.120	1.057	99.584	62.125	0.003	0.002	33.105	75.499	97.762	0.000	672.087
models_hab_G_T	G_TBivalves_Metal	-0.550	-42.289	0.577	0.080	-1.166	0.066	99.584	62.125	0.003	0.002	33.105	75.499	97.762	0.000	672.087
models_hab_G_T	G_TBivalves_Polymer	-0.211	-19.034	0.810	0.454	-0.764	0.342	99.584	62.125	0.003	0.002	33.105	75.499	97.762	0.000	672.087
models_hab_G_T	G_TCanopy_Algae_Concrete	-0.341	-28.890	0.711	0.403	-1.139	0.458	99.584	62.125	0.003	0.002	33.105	75.499	97.762	0.000	672.087
models_hab_G_T	G_TCoralline_Algae_Clay	0.268	30.749	1.307	0.523	-0.554	1.090	99.584	62.125	0.003	0.002	33.105	75.499	97.762	0.000	672.087
models_hab_G_T	G_TCoralline_Algae_Concrete	-0.144	-13.379	0.866	0.730	-0.960	0.673	99.584	62.125	0.003	0.002	33.105	75.499	97.762	0.000	672.087
models_hab_G_T	G_TCoralline_Algae_Polymer	0.297	34.591	1.346	0.482	-0.530	1.125	99.584	62.125	0.003	0.002	33.105	75.499	97.762	0.000	672.087
models_hab_G_T	G_TCorals_Clay	-0.039	-3.789	0.962	0.942	-1.081	1.004	99.584	62.125	0.003	0.002	33.105	75.499	97.762	0.000	672.087
models_hab_G_T	G_TCorals_Concrete	-0.256	-22.572	0.774	0.528	-1.050	0.538	99.584	62.125	0.003	0.002	33.105	75.499	97.762	0.000	672.087
models_hab_G_T	G_TCorals_Polymer	-2.230	-89.252	0.107	0.001	-3.588	-0.873	99.584	62.125	0.003	0.002	33.105	75.499	97.762	0.000	672.087
models_hab_G_T	G_TTube_forming_Concrete	0.361	43.456	1.435	0.182	-0.169	0.891	99.584	62.125	0.003	0.002	33.105	75.499	97.762	0.000	672.087
models_hab_G_C	G_CBarnacles_Rock	-0.355	-29.869	0.701	0.543	-1.499	0.790	99.731	33.365	0.008	28.021	4.864	63.430	8.147	0.700	765.868
models_hab_G_C	G_CBarnacles_Wood	0.125	13.269	1.133	0.823	-0.969	1.218	99.731	33.365	0.008	28.021	4.864	63.430	8.147	0.700	765.868
models_hab_G_C	G_CBivalves_Biogenic	0.049	5.047	1.050	0.920	-0.911	1.009	99.731	33.365	0.008	28.021	4.864	63.430	8.147	0.700	765.868
models_hab_G_C	G_CBivalves_Rock	0.401	49.372	1.494	0.390	-0.513	1.316	99.731	33.365	0.008	28.021	4.864	63.430	8.147	0.700	765.868
models_hab_G_C	G_CBivalves_Wood	0.089	9.280	1.093	0.845	-0.803	0.981	99.731	33.365	0.008	28.021	4.864	63.430	8.147	0.700	765.868
models_hab_G_C	G_CCanopy_Algae_Rock	-0.210	-18.942	0.811	0.667	-1.166	0.746	99.731	33.365	0.008	28.021	4.864	63.430	8.147	0.700	765.868
models_hab_G_C	G_CCoralline_Algae_Rock	-0.066	-6.405	0.936	0.909	-1.202	1.070	99.731	33.365	0.008	28.021	4.864	63.430	8.147	0.700	765.868
models_hab_G_C	G_CCorals_Biogenic	-0.481	-38.176	0.618	0.538	-2.011	1.049	99.731	33.365	0.008	28.021	4.864	63.430	8.147	0.700	765.868
models_hab_G_C	G_CCorals_Rock	-0.156	-14.403	0.856	0.822	-1.513	1.202	99.731	33.365	0.008	28.021	4.864	63.430	8.147	0.700	765.868
models_hab_G_C	G_CTube_forming_Rock	-0.171	-15.715	0.843	0.769	-1.312	0.970	99.731	33.365	0.008	28.021	4.864	63.430	8.147	0.700	765.868
models_hab_G_C	G_CTube_forming_Wood	-0.576	-43.790	0.562	0.320	-1.710	0.558	99.731	33.365	0.008	28.021	4.864	63.430	8.147	0.700	765.868
models_hab_C_T	C_TBiogenic_Clay	0.234	26.424	1.264	0.583	-0.603	1.072	99.596	41.005	0.009	15.481	28.562	69.801	78.547	0.000	721.431
models_hab_C_T	C_TBiogenic_Concrete	0.162	17.530	1.175	0.550	-0.368	0.691	99.596	41.005	0.009	15.481	28.562	69.801	78.547	0.000	721.431
models_hab_C_T	C_TBiogenic_Metal	-0.593	-44.716	0.553	0.167	-1.433	0.248	99.596	41.005	0.009	15.481	28.562	69.801	78.547	0.000	721.431
models_hab_C_T	C_TBiogenic_Polymer	-1.061	-65.399	0.346	0.003	-1.766	-0.357	99.596	41.005	0.009	15.481	28.562	69.801	78.547	0.000	721.431
models_hab_C_T	C_TRock_Clay	0.076	7.938	1.079	0.762	-0.419	0.572	99.596	41.005	0.009	15.481	28.562	69.801	78.547	0.000	721.431
models_hab_C_T	C_TRock_Concrete	0.224	25.047	1.250	0.249	-0.157	0.604	99.596	41.005	0.009	15.481	28.562	69.801	78.547	0.000	721.431
models_hab_C_T	C_TRock_Metal	-0.337	-28.634	0.714	0.589	-1.561	0.886	99.596	41.005	0.009	15.481	28.562	69.801	78.547	0.000	721.431
models_hab_C_T	C_TRock_Polymer	0.125	13.271	1.133	0.673	-0.455	0.704	99.596	41.005	0.009	15.481	28.562	69.801	78.547	0.000	721.431
models_hab_C_T	C_TWood_Clay	0.036	3.697	1.037	0.900	-0.529	0.602	99.596	41.005	0.009	15.481	28.562	69.801	78.547	0.000	721.431
models_hab_C_T	C_TWood_Concrete	0.532	70.247	1.702	0.023	0.072	0.992	99.596	41.005	0.009	15.481	28.562	69.801	78.547	0.000	721.431
models_hab_C_T	C_TWood_Metal	-0.915	-59.930	0.401	0.003	-1.524	-0.305	99.596	41.005	0.009	15.481	28.562	69.801	78.547	0.000	721.431
models_hab_C_T	C_TWood_Polymer	-0.779	-54.129	0.459	0.003	-1.288	-0.271	99.596	41.005	0.009	15.481	28.562	69.801	78.547	0.000	721.431
models_hab_FULL_interactions	intrcpt	0.542	71.948	1.719	0.534	-1.167	2.251	99.560	61.598	0.000	0.040	51.659	82.251	174.840	0.000	657.516
models_hab_FULL_interactions	G_TBarnacles_Concrete	0.277	31.914	1.319	0.293	-0.239	0.793	99.560	61.598	0.000	0.040	51.659	82.251	174.840	0.000	657.516
models_hab_FULL_interactions	G_TBarnacles_Metal	-1.374	-74.685	0.253	0.001	-2.185	-0.562	99.560	61.598	0.000	0.040	51.659	82.251	174.840	0.000	657.516
models_hab_FULL_interactions	G_TBarnacles_Polymer	-1.424	-75.927	0.241	0.000	-1.879	-0.970	99.560	61.598	0.000	0.040	51.659	82.251	174.840	0.000	657.516
models_hab_FULL_interactions	G_TBivalves_Clay	-0.107	-10.104	0.899	0.921	-2.215	2.002	99.560	61.598	0.000	0.040	51.659	82.251	174.840	0.000	657.516
models_hab_FULL_interactions	G_TBivalves_Concrete	0.680	97.397	1.974	0.418	-0.966	2.326	99.560	61.598	0.000	0.040	51.659	82.251	174.840	0.000	657.516
models_hab_FULL_interactions	G_TBivalves_Metal	-0.508	-39.804	0.602	0.575	-2.283	1.268	99.560	61.598	0.000	0.040	51.659	82.251	174.840	0.000	657.516
models_hab_FULL_interactions	G_TBivalves_Polymer	-0.148	-13.791	0.862	0.878	-2.050	1.754	99.560	61.598	0.000	0.040	51.659	82.251	174.840	0.000	657.516
models_hab_FULL_interactions	G_TCanopy_Algae_Concrete	-0.980	-62.466	0.375	0.434	-3.436	1.476	99.560	61.598	0.000	0.040	51.659	82.251	174.840	0.000	657.516
models_hab_FULL_interactions	G_TCoralline_Algae_Clay	-0.969	-62.052	0.379	0.515	-3.885	1.947	99.560	61.598	0.000	0.040	51.659	82.251	174.840	0.000	657.516
models_hab_FULL_interactions	G_TCoralline_Algae_Concrete	-0.827	-56.285	0.437	0.510	-3.286	1.631	99.560	61.598	0.000	0.040	51.659	82.251	174.840	0.000	657.516
models_hab_FULL_interactions	G_TCoralline_Algae_Polymer	-0.493	-38.935	0.611	0.622	-2.454	1.468	99.560	61.598	0.000	0.040	51.659	82.251	174.840	0.000	657.516
models_hab_FULL_interactions	G_TCorals_Clay	-0.423	-34.493	0.655	0.783	-3.432	2.586	99.560	61.598	0.000	0.040	51.659	82.251	174.840	0.000	657.516
models_hab_FULL_interactions	G_TCorals_Concrete	-0.349	-29.450	0.705	0.791	-2.930	2.233	99.560	61.598	0.000	0.040	51.659	82.251	174.840	0.000	657.516
models_hab_FULL_interactions	G_TCorals_Metal	2.222	822.837	9.228	0.116	-0.549	4.993	99.560	61.598	0.000	0.040	51.659	82.251	174.840	0.000	657.516
models_hab_FULL_interactions	G_TCorals_Polymer	-0.816	-55.771	0.442	0.546	-3.462	1.830	99.560	61.598	0.000	0.040	51.659	82.251	174.840	0.000	657.516
models_hab_FULL_interactions	G_TTube_forming_Concrete	-0.069	-6.641	0.934	0.937	-1.777	1.640	99.560	61.598	0.000	0.040	51.659	82.251	174.840	0.000	657.516
models_hab_FULL_interactions	G_TTube_forming_Metal	-2.130	-88.122	0.119	0.032	-4.081	-0.180	99.560	61.598	0.000	0.040	51.659	82.251	174.840	0.000	657.516
models_hab_FULL_interactions	G_TTube_forming_Polymer	-2.291	-89.881	0.101	0.021	-4.236	-0.346	99.560	61.598	0.000	0.040	51.659	82.251	174.840	0.000	657.516
models_hab_FULL_interactions	G_CBarnacles_Rock	-0.437	-35.405	0.646	0.701	-2.670	1.796	99.560	61.598	0.000	0.040	51.659	82.251	174.840	0.000	657.516
models_hab_FULL_interactions	G_CBarnacles_Wood	0.414	51.259	1.513	0.621	-1.227	2.054	99.560	61.598	0.000	0.040	51.659	82.251	174.840	0.000	657.516
models_hab_FULL_interactions	G_CBivalves_Biogenic	0.493	63.745	1.637	0.437	-0.751	1.738	99.560	61.598	0.000	0.040	51.659	82.251	174.840	0.000	657.516
models_hab_FULL_interactions	G_CBivalves_Rock	-0.307	-26.467	0.735	0.736	-2.092	1.478	99.560	61.598	0.000	0.040	51.659	82.251	174.840	0.000	657.516
models_hab_FULL_interactions	G_CCoralline_Algae_Biogenic	2.678	1356.009	14.560	0.064	-0.157	5.513	99.560	61.598	0.000	0.040	51.659	82.251	174.840	0.000	657.516
models_hab_FULL_interactions	G_CCorals_Biogenic	0.435	54.432	1.544	0.742	-2.149	3.018	99.560	61.598	0.000	0.040	51.659	82.251	174.840	0.000	657.516
models_hab_FULL_interactions	G_CTube_forming_Biogenic	0.333	39.569	1.396	0.691	-1.309	1.976	99.560	61.598	0.000	0.040	51.659	82.251	174.840	0.000	657.516
models_hab_FULL_interactions	G_CTube_forming_Rock	0.003	0.343	1.003	0.997	-1.833	1.840	99.560	61.598	0.000	0.040	51.659	82.251	174.840	0.000	657.516
models_hab_FULL_interactions	C_TBiogenic_Concrete	-0.548	-42.207	0.578	0.379	-1.771	0.674	99.560	61.598	0.000	0.040	51.659	82.251	174.840	0.000	657.516
models_hab_FULL_interactions	C_TBiogenic_Metal	-1.885	-84.812	0.152	0.050	-3.772	0.002	99.560	61.598	0.000	0.040	51.659	82.251	174.840	0.000	657.516
models_hab_FULL_interactions	C_TBiogenic_Polymer	-2.050	-87.126	0.129	0.020	-3.780	-0.320	99.560	61.598	0.000	0.040	51.659	82.251	174.840	0.000	657.516
models_hab_FULL_interactions	C_TRock_Clay	0.473	60.486	1.605	0.617	-1.380	2.326	99.560	61.598	0.000	0.040	51.659	82.251	174.840	0.000	657.516
models_hab_FULL_interactions	C_TRock_Concrete	0.186	20.501	1.205	0.837	-1.594	1.967	99.560	61.598	0.000	0.040	51.659	82.251	174.840	0.000	657.516
models_hab_FULL_interactions	C_TRock_Metal	0.239	26.942	1.269	0.763	-1.315	1.792	99.560	61.598	0.000	0.040	51.659	82.251	174.840	0.000	657.516
models_hab_FULL_interactions	log10(Duration..months. + 1)	0.146	15.679	1.157	0.465	-0.245	0.536	99.560	61.598	0.000	0.040	51.659	82.251	174.840	0.000	657.516
models_hab_FULL_interactions	ParameterDensity	-0.678	-49.219	0.508	0.014	-1.218	-0.137	99.560	61.598	0.000	0.040	51.659	82.251	174.840	0.000	657.516
models_hab_FULL_interactions	scale(Year)	-0.100	-9.530	0.905	0.603	-0.477	0.277	99.560	61.598	0.000	0.040	51.659	82.251	174.840	0.000	657.516
models_hab_year	intrcpt	-0.032	-3.187	0.968	0.846	-0.359	0.294	99.636	36.538	0.000	11.143	0.000	47.855	0.000	0.999	787.907
models_hab_year	scale(Year)	0.000	-0.019	1.000	0.999	-0.264	0.264	99.636	36.538	0.000	11.143	0.000	47.855	0.000	0.999	787.907

hab_orch_grp (habitat forming group)

hab_orch_grp <-
  orchard_plot(models_hab_grp, angle = 0, mod = "Group", xlab = "Ratio of means")
hab_orch_grp

hab_orch_cntr

hab_orch_cntr <-
  orchard_plot(models_hab_cntr,angle = 0,  mod = "Control", xlab = "Ratio of means")
hab_orch_cntr

hab_orch_trt

hab_orch_trt <-
  orchard_plot(models_hab_trt,angle = 0,  mod = "Treatment", xlab = "Ratio of means")
hab_orch_trt

Plot for CD_C_T

plot_Hab_C_T

Plot for R_C_T

plot_Hab_G_C_reduced_metal

plot_Hab_G_T_reduced_metal

plot_Hab_G_T_reduced_metal

8 SAVE MODEL RESULTS

Saving as R data workspace objects

models_list <- mget(ls(pattern = "^model+"))

# try model use c()

# save(meta_All, simp, simp_mods, models_cntrl, models_treat, models_func, models_duration_contin, models_FULL, models_C_T, models_F_T, models_hab_cntr,models_hab_durat, models_hab_grp, models_hab_simp, models_hab_trt, models_hab_G_T, file = "./outputs/natural/model_results.RData")
save(meta_All, simp_mods, models_list, file = "./outputs/natural/model_results.RData")

# RELOAD - if starting from here
# # clear environment
# rm(list=ls())
# # load model results and meta
# (load("./outputs/natural/model_results.RData"))
# meta<-readRDS("./outputs/natural/meta.rds")

9 PUBLICATION BIAS

This is important for testing whether only significant results were published. If this s the case, the results can be skewed in favour of significant results and create false positives or negatives - ie you’re not getting the full picture. This can be tested visually using a Funnel plot and then quantitatively using a trim and fill method. Both of the methods assume independence between effect sizes. If this is not the case, then the residuals from the full model can be used.

Funnel plot shows the effect size on the x axis and a measure of precision of the observed effect size on the y axis.

funnel() has std error on y by default.

9.1 Funnel Plots

#Simple models
jpeg("./outputs/natural/funnel_simp_mod.jpg", width =600, height = 600)
par(cex = 1.4)
funnel(
  simp_mods$meta_All,
  yaxis = "sei",
  level = c(90, 95, 99),
  shade = c("white",
            "gray55", "gray75"),
  refline = 0,
  legend = TRUE
) 
dev.off()

#Full model with interactions
jpeg("./outputs/natural/funnel_models_FULL_interactions.jpg", width = 600, height = 600)
par(cex = 1.4)
funnel(
  model_full_interactions,
  yaxis = "seinv",
  level = c(90, 95, 99),
  shade = c("white",
            "gray55", "gray75"),
  refline = 0,
  legend = TRUE
)
dev.off()

# grid.echo()
# funnel_models_FULL <- grid.grab()

# Funnel Plots HAB SIMP
jpeg("./outputs/natural/funnel_HAB_simp_mod.jpg", width = 600, height = 600)
par(cex = 1.4)
funnel(
  models_hab_simp,
  yaxis = "sei",
  level = c(90, 95, 99),
  shade = c("white",
            "gray55", "gray75"),
  refline = 0,
  legend = TRUE
) 
dev.off()

# Funnel Plots HAB FULL
jpeg("./outputs/natural/funnel_HAB_full_interactions_mod.jpg", width = 600, height = 600)
par(cex = 1.4)
funnel(
  models_hab_FULL_interactions,
  yaxis = "sei",
  level = c(90, 95, 99),
  shade = c("white",
            "gray55", "gray75"),
  refline = 0,
  legend = TRUE
) 
dev.off()

# Funnel plot CD_all_simp - size 500 x 500
jpeg("./outputs/natural/funnel_models_CD_all_simp.jpg", width = 600, height = 600)
par(cex = 1.4)
funnel(
  simp_mods$meta_CD_All,
  yaxis = "seinv",
  level = c(90, 95, 99),
  shade = c("white",
            "gray55", "gray75"),
  refline = 0,
  legend = TRUE
) 
dev.off()

# with SEI
jpeg("./outputs/natural/funnel_models_CD_all_simp_sei.jpg", width = 600, height = 600)
par(cex = 1.4)
funnel(
  simp_mods$meta_CD_All,
  yaxis = "sei",
  level = c(90, 95, 99),
  shade = c("white",
            "gray55", "gray75"),
  refline = 0,
  legend = TRUE
) 
dev.off()

# Funnel plot CD_all_FULL
jpeg("./outputs/natural/funnel_models_CD_all_FULL.jpg", width = 600, height = 600)
par(cex = 1.4)
funnel(
  model_full_interactions_CD_All,
  yaxis = "seinv",
  level = c(90, 95, 99),
  shade = c("white",
            "gray55", "gray75"),
  refline = 0,
  legend = TRUE
) 
dev.off()

#with SEI
jpeg("./outputs/natural/funnel_models_CD_all_FULL_sei.jpg", width = 600, height = 600)
par(cex = 1.4)
funnel(
  model_full_interactions_CD_All,
  yaxis = "sei",
  level = c(90, 95, 99),
  shade = c("white",
            "gray55", "gray75"),
  refline = 0,
  legend = TRUE
) 
dev.off()

# Funnel plot R_all_simp
jpeg("./outputs/natural/funnel_models_R_all_simp.jpg", width = 600, height = 600)
par(cex = 1.4)
funnel(
  simp_mods$meta_R_All,
  yaxis = "seinv",
  level = c(90, 95, 99),
  shade = c("white",
            "gray55", "gray75"),
  refline = 0,
  legend = TRUE
) 
dev.off()

#with SEI
jpeg("./outputs/natural/funnel_models_R_all_simp_sei.jpg", width = 600, height = 600)
par(cex = 1.4)
funnel(
  simp_mods$meta_R_All,
  yaxis = "sei",
  level = c(90, 95, 99),
  shade = c("white",
            "gray55", "gray75"),
  refline = 0,
  legend = TRUE
) 
dev.off()

# Funnel plot R_all_FULL
jpeg("./outputs/natural/funnel_models_R_all_FULL.jpg", width = 600, height = 600)
par(cex = 1.4)
funnel(
  model_full_interactions_R_All,
  yaxis = "seinv",
  level = c(90, 95, 99),
  shade = c("white",
            "gray55", "gray75"),
  refline = 0,
  legend = TRUE
) 
dev.off()

# with SEI
jpeg("./outputs/natural/funnel_models_R_all_FULL_sei.jpg", width = 600, height = 600)
par(cex = 1.4)
funnel(
  model_full_interactions_R_All,
  yaxis = "sei",
  level = c(90, 95, 99),
  shade = c("white",
            "gray55", "gray75"),
  refline = 0,
  legend = TRUE
) 
dev.off()

9.2 Eggers Regression (significance of publication bias)

Have amended the Eggers regression to only look at the significant moderators

### Eggers regression to test significance of publication bias (no intercept)
# testing whether any asymmetries in the funnel plots are significant

#univariate 
# first step, if significant then test multi variate. 
egger_reg_simp <- rma.mv (
  yi = yi,
  V = vcv_matrices$meta_All,
  data = meta_All,
  mods = ~ sqrt(vi),
  random = list( ~ 1 | Study, ~ 1 | Exp_ID, ~ 1 | Effect_ID),
  method = "REML",
  control=list(optimizer="optim")
)
summary(egger_reg_simp) #int not sig
#intercept not significant 


# multi variate
#models_FULL_func_par_interactions
egger_reg_full <- rma.mv (
  yi = yi,
  V = vcv_matrices$meta_All,
  data = meta_All,
  mods = ~ sqrt(vi) + F_T + C_T,
  random = list( ~ 1 | Study, ~ 1 | Exp_ID, ~ 1 | Effect_ID),
  method = "REML",
  control=list(optimizer="optim")
)
summary(egger_reg_full) #int not sig

#Habitat FOrmers - SIMP
egger_reg_HAB_simp <- rma.mv (
  yi = yi,
  V = impute_covariance_matrix(
    vi = meta_All_Hab$vi,
    cluster = meta_All_Hab$Study,
    r = 0.5
  ),
  data = meta_All_Hab,
  mods = ~ sqrt(vi),
  random = list(
    ~ 1 | Study,
    ~ 1 | Phylogeny,
    ~ 1 | Species_phylo,
    ~ 1 | Exp_ID,
    ~ 1 | Effect_ID
  ),
  R = list(Phylogeny = cor),
  method = "REML",
  control=list(optimizer="optim")
)
summary(egger_reg_HAB_simp) #int not sig

#Habitat FOrmers - FULL
egger_reg_HAB_FULL <- rma.mv (
  yi = yi,
  V = impute_covariance_matrix(
    vi = meta_All_Hab$vi,
    cluster = meta_All_Hab$Study,
    r = 0.5
  ),
  data = meta_All_Hab,
  mods = ~ sqrt(vi) + G_T  + C_T,
  random = list(
    ~ 1 | Study,
    ~ 1 | Phylogeny,
    ~ 1 | Species_phylo,
    ~ 1 | Exp_ID,
    ~ 1 | Effect_ID
  ),
  R = list(Phylogeny = cor),
  method = "REML",
  control=list(optimizer="optim")
)
summary(egger_reg_HAB_FULL) #int not sig. 



# intercept is not significant therefore no significant asymmetry in funnel plot.
# Visual inspection of funnel plot is in agreement. 

# Meta_CD_All
egger_reg_simp_CD <- rma.mv (
  yi = yi,
  V = vcv_matrices$meta_CD_All,
  data = meta_CD_All,
  mods = ~ sqrt(vi),
  random = list( ~ 1 | Study, ~ 1 | Exp_ID, ~ 1 | Effect_ID),
  method = "REML",
  control=list(optimizer="optim")
)
summary(egger_reg_simp_CD)

egger_reg_full_CD <- rma.mv (
  yi = yi,
  V = vcv_matrices$meta_CD_All,
  data = meta_CD_All,
  mods = ~ sqrt(vi) + C_T + F_T,
  random = list( ~ 1 | Study, ~ 1 | Exp_ID, ~ 1 | Effect_ID),
  method = "REML",
  control=list(optimizer="optim")
)
summary(egger_reg_full_CD)


# meta_R_All
egger_reg_simp_R <- rma.mv (
  yi = yi,
  V = vcv_matrices$meta_R_All,
  data = meta_R_All,
  mods = ~ sqrt(vi),
  random = list( ~ 1 | Study, ~ 1 | Exp_ID, ~ 1 | Effect_ID),
  method = "REML",
  control=list(optimizer="optim")
)
summary(egger_reg_simp_R)

egger_reg_full_R <- rma.mv (
  yi = yi,
  V = vcv_matrices$meta_R_All,
  data = meta_R_All,
  mods = ~ sqrt(vi) + C_T + F_T,
  random = list( ~ 1 | Study, ~ 1 | Exp_ID, ~ 1 | Effect_ID),
  method = "REML",
  control=list(optimizer="optim")
)
summary(egger_reg_full_R)

10 SUMMARIES

10.1 Combined summary table

Creating a summary table of all the results summaries

#get list of summaries from Outputs folder
# Only selecting relevant ones, can't use regex
summ_files <- c("./outputs/natural/summ_Simp_plain.csv",
                "./outputs/natural/summ_Simp_random.csv",
                "./outputs/natural/summ_Function.csv",
                "./outputs/natural/summ_Treatment.csv",
                "./outputs/natural/summ_Control.csv",
                "./outputs/natural/summ_duration_contin.csv",
                "./outputs/natural/summ_par.csv",
                "./outputs/natural/summ_C_T.csv",
                "./outputs/natural/summ_F_T.csv",
                 "./outputs/natural/summ_F_C.csv",
                "./outputs/natural/summ_year.csv",
                "./outputs/natural/summ_FULL_interactions.csv",
                "./outputs/natural/summ_FULL_interactions_CD.csv",
                "./outputs/natural/summ_FULL_interactions_R.csv"
                )

summ_names <-c("summ_Simp_plain",
               "summ_Simp_random",
               "summ_Function",
               "summ_Treatment",
               "summ_Control",
               "summ_duration_contin",
               "summ_par",
               "summ_C_T",
               "summ_F_T",
               "summ_F_C",
               "summ_year",
               "summ_FULL_interactions",
               "summ_FULL_interactions_CD",
               "summ_FULL_interactions_R")



summ_list<-lapply(summ_files, read_csv)
#names:
summ_df<- summ_list %>% set_names(summ_names) 
names(summ_df)
#str(summ_df)

#drop the automated first row (X1) and name each group of rows according
# to list element name. 
summ_df<- map_df(summ_df, ~ (.x %>% select(-X1)), .id = "names")

#save
write.csv(summ_df, file = "./outputs/natural/Natural_combined_summaries.csv")

10.2 Summary of contrasts

#vall contrasts
contrasts_list <- mget(ls(pattern = "^contrast_+"))
summary(contrasts_list)

con_df<- map_df(contrasts_list, ~ broom::tidy(.x), .id = "names")

#save
write.csv(con_df, file = "./outputs/natural/Natural_combined_contrasts.csv")